Born, 1831; educated, King's College School, 1842-1845; Royal College of Chemistry, 1845-1850; Sub- Assistant to Professor August Wilhelm Hofmann, 1847; Full Assistant, 1849; private practice, 1850-1854; King's College London, 1854; Professor of Practical Chemistry, King's College London, 1855; Professor of Chemistry, King's College London, 1870; Professor of Chemistry, and Chemistry and Physics, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, 1855-1882; Professor of Chemistry, Royal Artillery College, Woolwich, 1864-1887; died, 1887. Publications: Hand-book of chemistry, theoretical, practical and technical (London, 1854); Chemistry, inorganic and organic (London, 1867); Laboratory teaching: or, progressive exercises in practical chemistry (London, 1869); Metals: their properties and treatment (London, 1870).