Sir James Clarke (1788-1870) was from 1809-1815 a surgeon in the Navy. From 1819 to 1826 he lived mainly in Rome, Italy where he established a practice amongst the visiting aristocracy of Europe. In 1826 he returned to England where he settled in London and became an LRCP and FRS. In 1837 he was made First Physician to Queen Victoria and on her marriage, Physician also to Prince Albert. Clark is perhaps best known for his work on consumption and the effects of climate on health. During his time in Europe he visited most of its spa resorts. Further accounts of Clark's life can be found in Munk's Roll vol iii, DNB, and Obituaries of Fellows of the Royal Society.