Aberdeen, Ceylon and Eastern Trust Limited was formed in 1929 as an investment trust for the purpose of investing in tea and rubber. It had a registered office in Aberdeen. Its name changed in 1957 to Aberdeen Investors Limited.
This company was formed in 1928, as an investment trust, with a registered office in Aberdeen. Cable Trust Limited, formerly Cable and Wireless (Holding) Limited, became a major shareholder in the 1970s.
John Abernethy was born in Coleman Street, London, in 1764. He was educated at Wolverhampton Grammar school, and at the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to Charles Blicke, surgeon to St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. Abernethy remained at Bart's for the rest of his career, being appointed assistant surgeon in 1787, and promted to full surgeon in 1815. During the 1790s Abernethy published several papers on a variety of anatomical topics. On the strength of these contributions he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1796. Between 1814 and 1817 he served as Professor of Anatomy and Surgery at the Royal College of Surgeons. Abernethy also offered private lectures in anatomy in a house in Bartholomew Close, near to the hospital. The governors of Bart's then built a lecture theatre within the hospital to accommodate his classes. In 1824 Thomas Wakley, editor of the newly established journal The Lancet, published Abernethy's lectures without his permission. Abernethy sought an injunction but was unsuccessful, and remained resentful about the incident. Abernethy had himself attended the lectures of John Hunter, with whom he was also personally acquainted, and after Hunter's death he professed himself to be the spokesman for Hunter's physiological and pathological views. He died in 1831.
John Abernethy was born in Coleman Street, London, in 1764. He was educated at Wolverhampton Grammar school, and at the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to Charles Blicke, surgeon to St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. Abernethy remained at Bart's for the rest of his career, being appointed assistant surgeon in 1787, and promted to full surgeon in 1815. During the 1790s Abernethy published several papers on a variety of anatomical topics. On the strength of these contributions he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1796. Between 1814 and 1817 he served as Professor of Anatomy and Surgery at the Royal College of Surgeons. Abernethy also offered private lectures in anatomy in a house in Bartholomew Close, near to the hospital. The governors of Bart's then built a lecture theatre within the hospital to accommodate his classes. In 1824 Thomas Wakley, editor of the newly established journal The Lancet, published Abernethy's lectures without his permission. Abernethy sought an injunction but was unsuccessful, and remained resentful about the incident. Abernethy had himself attended the lectures of John Hunter, with whom he was also personally acquainted, and after Hunter's death he professed himself to be the spokesman for Hunter's physiological and pathological views. He died in 1831.
John Abernethy was born in Coleman Street, London, in 1764. He was educated at Wolverhampton Grammar school, and at the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to Charles Blicke, surgeon to St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. Abernethy remained at Bart's for the rest of his career, being appointed assistant surgeon in 1787, and promoted to full surgeon in 1815. During the 1790s, Abernethy published several papers on a variety of anatomical topics. On the strength of these contributions he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1796. Between 1814 and 1817 he served as Professor of Anatomy and Surgery at the Royal College of Surgeons. Abernethy also offered private lectures in anatomy in a house in Bartholomew Close, near to the hospital. The governors of Bart's then built a lecture theatre within the hospital to accommodate his classes. In 1824 Thomas Wakley, editor of the newly established journal The Lancet, published Abernethy's lectures without his permission. Abernethy sought an injunction but was unsuccessful, and remained resentful about the incident. Abernethy had himself attended the lectures of John Hunter, with whom he was also personally acquainted, and after Hunter's death he professed himself to be the spokesman for Hunter's physiological and pathological views. He died in 1831.
John Abernethy was born in Coleman Street, London, in 1764. He was educated at Wolverhampton Grammar school, and at the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to Charles Blicke, surgeon to St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. Abernethy remained at Bart's for the rest of his career, being appointed assistant surgeon in 1787, and promted to full surgeon in 1815. During the 1790s Abernethy published several papers on a variety of anatomical topics. On the strength of these contributions he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1796. Between 1814 and 1817 he served as Professor of Anatomy and Surgery at the Royal College of Surgeons. Abernethy also offered private lectures in anatomy in a house in Bartholomew Close, near to the hospital. The governors of Bart's then built a lecture theatre within the hospital to accommodate his classes. In 1824 Thomas Wakley, editor of the newly established journal The Lancet, published Abernethy's lectures without his permission. Abernethy sought an injunction but was unsuccessful, and remained resentful about the incident. Abernethy had himself attended the lectures of John Hunter, with whom he was also personally acquainted, and after Hunter's death he professed himself to be the spokesman for Hunter's physiological and pathological views. He died in 1831.
Anthony Holbrow studied at St Bartholomew's Hospital, and practised at Stonehouse, Gloucestershire. He became a Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries in 1818, MRCS in 1819, and FRCS in 1862. He died in 1873.
John Abernethy was born in London in 1764 and attended Wolverhampton Grammar School. He trained in medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital and the London Hospital, being named Assistant Surgeon at St. Bartholomew's in 1787. From 1791 onwards he gave extremely popular lectures on anatomy, physiology and surgery which were the basis of modern medical training at St. Bartholomew's; indeed, his eminence in the medical profession of the time is due to these talents as an educator and presenter rather than to original research. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1796 and became full Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's in 1815. He resigned the latter post in 1827 and died in 1831.
Iris Murdoch's family originally came from Ireland, where this photograph was taken in the late 1800s. The Abernethy Studios was a renowned photographic studio in Belfast at that time.
Corporate body
The Abortion Law Reform Association (ALRA) was founded in 1935 for the legalisation of abortion in certain circumstances. This was achieved by the 1967 Abortion Act: the Association continues to combat attempts to restrict the availability of legal abortions and to ensure that the intentions of the Act are being carried out.
Roy Clive Abraham was born in Melbourne, Australia, in 1890, but was educated in England and Germany. His first degree was in oriental languages (Arabic and Persian) though he also studied Ethiopic at that time. During World War I, he served in the British Army in Arabia, where he learned Hindustani, and then became a member of the Nigerian Administrative Service from 1924-1944, the last six years of which he spent in language research. His first independent research was on Bolenci, and later he assisted George Bargery on the publication of a Hausa dictionary. He was a lecturer in Amharic at the School of Oriental and African Studies, 1948-1951.
His published works include The Grammar of Tiv, The Principles of Hausa, The Principles of Idoma, The Principles of Somali and a Dictionary of Modern Yoruba. He also worked on Igbo, but his death in 1963 precluded the publication of his grammar and dictionary in that language.
Born 1897; educated at Methodist College, Belfast and Royal College of Science, Dublin; worked as a geologist for Burmah Oil Company Limited in Burma and India, 1920-1937; joined Burma Auxiliary Force and served as Trooper, 1920-1921; 2nd Lt, 1927; Lt, 1930; Capt, 1932; Maj, 1933; Lt Col, 1933; commanded Upper Burma Bn, Burma Auxiliary Force, 1933-1938; honorary Col, 1937; resigned, 1938; enrolled in Army Officer's Emergency Reserve and affiliated to 1 Bn, The Rangers, The King's Royal Rifle Corps, 1938; rejoined Army as 2nd Lt, Corps of Royal Engineers, 1940; attended Staff College, Senior Wing, Minley Manor, 1940; posted to War Office as Staff Capt, 1940; served in World War Two in Greece, Middle East, Burma, Tunisia and Sicily, 1939-1945; served on Staff of Gen Sir Archibald Percival Wavell, Commander-in-Chief, Middle East, 1941; awarded CBE, 1942; served in India and Burma, 1943-1945; Controller General of Military Economy, India, 1945; re-employed by Burmah Oil Company Limited, 1945; retired as Managing Director of Burma Oil Company Limited, 1955; Lay Member of Restrictive Practices Court, 1961-1970; National Chairman, Burma Star Association, 1962-1977; member of British Transport Consultative Committee; knighted, 1977; elected life Vice President of the Burma Star Association, 1977; died 1980. Publications: Time off for war: the recollections of a wartime Staff Officer [1982].
The Abraham family lived in Berlin. Leopold Abraham, the father, a plumber by trade, and his wife Frieda were deported to Theresienstadt concentration camp some time in 1943. Max Abraham, the son, came to England with his wife, Hanni, in 1939, where he worked as a technical teacher at the ORT school in Leeds. He had previously worked as a technical teacher in the ORT school in Berlin. Hanni's parents and brother and sister all perished in Auschwitz. Frank Russell, one of the correspondents in the later letters, was a former pupil of the ORT school in Leeds.
Hedwig Abranowicz (later Vicky Abrams) came from a Jewish family. She was born in Vienna in 1900 and died in London in 1989. She had 2 sisters, Luki and Stella, and a brother, Hans Julius, who died in 1920. She was well educated, having studied philosophy at the University of Vienna from 1919-1925. It is not known when she received her doctorate. She was married to Walter Leibetseder, a non-Jew in [1919].
Abrams worked as an editor for the glossy Berlin publication, Das Magazin, from 1927-1933, from which she received a glowing reference. Attracted by opposition to the Nazis she joined the Leninist underground organisation of 1930s Berlin, Neu Beginnen (called originally ORG), in 1931 and for most of her life remained close with some surviving ex-colleagues, describing those years as the most interesting and educational of her life, particularly her friendship with Walter Löwenheim. On the way back from Prague at the end of April 1936 she was arrested in possession of a copy of the charge sheet for the first trial against Neu Beginnen. She was in the 2nd trial 'Leibetseder und Genossen'- sentenced to 2 and a half years imprisonment at Jauer and Lichtenburg. She was divorced from her husband, Walter, on account of her being Jewish. On 13 March 1939 she returned to Vienna and came to England shortly afterwards.
An Accepting House is a firm or company, an important part of whose business consists of accepting bills of exchange. Following the sudden outbreak of war in 1914, a large group of London merchant banks, heavily exposed to losses through customers in enemy countries not providing funds to meet acceptances when they fell due for payment, formed the Accepting Houses Committee. Its representations to the authorities assisted in the establishment of a moratorium on the payment of enemy bills. After the war, the Committee continued as a loose knit body represented by a small executive committee which met irregularly to discuss matters of mutual concern, in particular the Standstill arrangements concluded with Germany and other countries in the early 1930s. Its role was enhanced in 1936 when the British Government instituted a clearing for trade and payments between the United Kingdom and Spain. The Committee became the official liaison between the Government and Accepting Houses for making special arrangements for the clearing. On the outbreak of war in 1939, Exchange Control regulations were brought into force, and much of the administration was entrusted to the banking community including Accepting Houses. Membership of the Committee at this time meant that the member was automatically an authorised dealer in foreign exchange, and the need for an Accepting House to be a member of the Committee was almost a necessity. This led to a revision of the membership and by 1940 the Committee was fully representative of all Accepting Houses doing active business.
In 1939, the Accepting Houses Committee was reorganised into a body of 14 "recognised" merchant banks with the remaining members being categorised as "constituents". After the war, membership stabilised at 17 first class houses and no "constituents". Membership was by invitation, but an essential qualification was that members' bills had to be taken by the Bank of England at the finest discount rate. The Committee therefore became the forum and mouth piece of the City's most respected merchant banks. In 1988, its activities were merged with those of the Issuing Houses Association, with which it had shared premises and a small secretariat, resulting in the formation of the British Merchant Banking and Securities Houses Association. Further information about the history of Accepting Houses and the Accepting Houses Committee may be found in The Accepting Houses of London (CLC/B/003/MS29321) and in CLC/B/003/MS29325.
Until 1936, the Accepting Houses Committee did not have premises or staff of its own. From the formation of the Committee in 1914, Frederick Huth and Company had accommodated the Committee and provided, without charge, secretarial and other services. Frederick Huth Jackson was the person primarily responsible for bringing the Committee about and had been its first Chairman. In 1936 Frederick Huth and Company decided to transfer its business to the Overseas Bank Limited and withdraw these facilities. The Committee had to find premises, engage staff, and also set up a mechanism by which its constituents could bear the expenses of its work. The first premises were at 16 Bishopsgate where the Committee remained until 1959. Subsequent premises were as follows: 19 Fenchurch Street, 1959-63; St Albans House, Goldsmith Street, 1963-9; 20 Fenchurch Street, 1969-73; Roman Wall House, 1-2 Crutched Friars, 1973-81; and Granite House, 101 Cannon Street, 1981-8.
The Accident Insurance Company Limited was based at 10 St Swithin's Lane (in 1901). It was also known as the City Accident Insurance Company Limited (Feb-Mar 1870). The company was acquired in 1906 by Commercial Union Assurance Company Limited.
The Home Office Vehicles Pool was established in October 1941 "for the Issue of Home Office Vehicles Policies on agreed terms in respect of National Fire Service and Smoke Protection Vehicles and for the sharing of risks arising out of the issue and renewal of such policies". The Home Office Vehicles Poll was managed by the Accident Offices Association.
The success of the Fire Offices' Committee, which had been established in 1868 to consolidate existing rating agreements and to continue to supervise the rating of fire risk insured by the "Tariff Offices" (those insurance companies which had agreed to a common tariff of premiums), led its members to try to restrict competition through a similar tariff body for accident insurance - the Accident Offices Association. (An earlier attempt to regulate companies involved in liability insurance, the Accident Offices' Committee formed in 1894, had proved largely ineffective).
The Accident Offices Association was established on 11 June 1906. It was formed largely in response to the Workmen's Compensation Act of 1906 to advise manufacturers, traders and others about the new responsibilities and liabilities imposed by the act. The Workmen's Compensation Act of 1897 had introduced the principle of automatic compensation for all accidents in some categories of hazardous occupations; the 1906 Act extended the principle to all workers. Every employer was now at risk and became a potential policy holder. A tariff for workmen's compensation insurance was established in 1907 and subsequently other tariffs were issued: for private car insurance in 1914, for commercial vehicles in 1915 and for motor cycles in 1920; for fidelity guarantee insurance in 1914; and for plate glass insurance in 1920.
The Accident Offices Association provided executive and secretarial services for a number of other associations of insurance companies whose records have been preserved with its own archives. It managed the Livestock Offices Association (established 1912), an association of companies involved in livestock insurance which administered a livestock tariff from 1916 until it was transferred to the Accident Offices Association in 1939. The Engineering Offices Association administered a tariff for engineering insurance from 1920, the year it was formed. The association also managed the Aircraft Insurance Committee (established 1919 and apparently wound up in 1935), the Building Society Indemnities Committee (an association of companies involved with mortgage guarantee insurance established in 1925), the Coal Pool (established c 1907 for sharing and adjusting colliery claims; known as the Colliery Pool from 1935 when it seems to have been taken over by the Accident Offices Association), the Debris Clearance Pool (established in 1941 to rate the risks involved in the clearance of sites damaged by enemy action) and the Home Office Vehicles Pool (also set up in 1941 for the sharing of risks arising out of the issue of insurance policies for fire service and smoke protection vehicles).
Member insurance companies of the Accident Offices Association were also involved in accident business abroad. A Foreign Motor Committee was established in 1920 and this was absorbed into the Accident Offices Asssociation (Overseas) constituted in 1937. Insurance companies interested in the tariff situation in South Africa had formed their own association, the South African Accident Council, in 1915. Its records include copy minutes and papers of several South African bodies: local associations such as the Cape Accident Offices Association and the Transvaal Accident Offices Association which merged as the Workmen's Compensation Insurers' Association of South Africa in 1935; and national bodies such as the Accident Offices Association of Southern Africa (established in 1944) which replaced the Workmen's Compensation Insurers' Association, and absorbed the Southern Rhodesian Workmen's Compensation Insurers' Association and the workmen's compensation business of the Accident Insurance Council of South Africa (established by the South African Accident Council in 1925). The Accident Offices Association serviced both the Accident Offices Association (Overseas) and the South African Accident Council.
In addition to administering the various tariffs, the Accident Offices Association became a forum for member companies to exchange views on matters of common interest. The association also acted in a wider capacity, liaising with bodies such as the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents and the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, and also with government departments. The Accident Offices Association role with regard to tariffs ceased on 1 January 1969, when, under the threat of monopolies legislation, all tariffs were dissolved. This led to the emergence, on 3 July 1974, of a reconstituted organisation with a greater number of accident offices participating. The Accident Offices Association was abolished on 30 June 1985 and its functions transferred to the Association of British Insurers.
The Accident Offices Association was housed from 1906 to 1911 in the offices of a firm of chartered accountants. In 1911 it moved to 54 New Broad Street; in 1914 to Thames House, Queen Street Place; in 1928 to 60 Watling Street; in 1959 to 107 Cheapside; and in 1963 to Aldermary House, Queen Street.
An association for foreign accident business was approved by a meeting of members of the Accident Offices Association interested in accident business abroad, held on 3 May 1937, and at the Annual General Meeting of the association on 14 June 1937. The new association, the Accident Offices Association (Overseas), took over the Foreign Motor Committee of the Accident Offices Association which had been formed in 1920. The Accident Offices Association continued to provide the new association with executive and secretarial services as well as a place to meet.
The Accident Relief Society was founded in 1838. In 1868 it moved to offices in Great Winchester Street, London. Although the Society contrived to relieve a number of deserving cases every year, it was never able to achieve financial stability. In 1879 its remaining assets were transferred to the Samaritan Society by authority of the Charity Commission.
The role of the Accounting Standards Committee was to set and issue accounting standards through a process of consultation. The work of the Committee was taken over by the Accounting Standards Board in 1990, with the standards previously issued by the Committee designated 'Statements of Standard Accounting Practice'. While some of these standards remain in force, others have been superseded by the Board's 'Financial Reporting Standards'.
Information available at http://www.frc.org.uk/asb/about (accessed October 2010).
Cecil Arthur Verner Bowra (b 1869) joined the Chinese Maritime Customs and arrived in China in 1886. With the appointment of Sir Francis Aglen as Inspector-General Bowra was made Chief Secretary in Peking (1910-1923). The post meant that he became Acting Inspector-General when Aglen was on leave in 1911 and 1917. Bowra retired in 1923 but was subsequently employed in the London Office of Chinese Maritime Customs. He died in 1947.
Sir Francis Arthur Aglen (1869-1932) joined the Chinese Maritime Customs in 1888. He was Acting Inspector-General in 1910 before succeeding Sir Robert Hart in 1911, serving as Inspector-General until his retirement in 1928.
James Acheson graduated MB, BCh, BAO from Trinity College, Dublin, in 1921; Medical Officer for the British South Africa Company and subsequently for the Protectorate of Northern Rhodesia [Zambia], 1923-1948, and had a special interest in dermatology. His MD thesis, 'Framboesia tropica or yaws, with special reference to its occurrence in the Kasempa District of Northern Rhodesia' (1927), was based on the observations recorded in these notes and photographs. Further biographical details can be found in the obituary in the British Medical Journal, 17 February 1968.
An anti-sexist magazine that was produced by a working collective of socialist men and launched to coincide with the London Men's Conference in 1978.
William Ackland (c 1791-1867), William Henry Ackland (c 1825-1898), Charles Kingsley Ackland (1859-1940) and the latter's nephew Martin Wentworth Littlewood (1888-1972) were four generations of general practitioners who had a practice in Bideford, Devon.
Born, 1847; educated at Rugby, Christchurch College Oxford; Steward and senior student at Christchurch; Senior Bursar and Honorary Fellow of Balliol College Oxford; Vice-president, Committee of Council on Education, 1892-1895; MP for Rotherham, Yorkshire, 1885-1899; member of the Governing Body, Imperial College, 1907-1925; Chairman, Executive Committee, Imperial College; died, 1926.
Publications: include: A Handbook in Outline of the Political History of England ... chronologically arranged with Cyril Ransome (Rivingtons, London, 1882 [1881]); The Education of Citizens. Being the substance of lectures delivered ... to ... Co-operative Societies ... Decr 1882 and January 1883 (Central Co-operative Board, Manchester, [1883]); Working Men Co-operators ... An account of the Artisans Cooperative Movement in Great Britain, with information how to promote it Benjamin Jones (Cassell & Co, London, 1884); A Guide to the Choice of Books editor (E Stanford, London, 1891); Studies in Secondary Education edited with Sir Hubert Llewellyn Smith (Percival & Co, London, 1892); The patriotic poetry of William Wordsworth. A selection, with introduction and notes (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1915).
Henry Wentworth Dyke Acland was born 23 August 1815; 4th son of Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, 10th Bt of Killerton, Exeter; Educated at Harrow School; Christ Church, Oxford (Hon. Student). Fellow of All Souls, 1840. He was Regius Professor of Medicine, Oxford, 1857-1894; Member of Medical Council, 1854-1874, and President, 1874-1887; Member of Sanitary Commission, 1870-1872, and also served as Radcliffe Librarian, Oxford, from 1851; Hon. Physician to Prince of Wales.
Awarded 1st Bt, 1890; KCB 1884 (CB 1883); MD, DCL, LLD; FRS 1847. In 1846 he married, Sarah Cotton (died 1878). Died 16 October 1900.
Publications Memoir on the Cholera at Oxford in the year 1854, with considerations suggested by the epidemic, John Churchill and J. H. & J. Parker: London, 1856.
Born 1928; educated Eton; enlisted Scots Guards, 1946; 2 Lieutenant, 1948; Lieutenant, 1950; Captain, 1954; Equerry to HRH the Duke of Gloucester, 1957-59; Staff College, 1959; Major, 1961; Brigade Major, 4 Guards Armoured Brigade, 1964-1966; Lieutenant Colonel, 1967; Commanding Officer 2 Battalion Scots Guards, 1968-71; Chief of General Staff, Armament Supply Department, Ministry of Defence, 1972-1974; Brigadier, 1975; Brigadier General Staff, Ministry of Defence, 1975; Commander Land Forces and Deputy Commander British Forces, Cyprus, 1976-1978; General Officer Commanding South West District, 1978-1981; Commander, Commonwealth Monitoring Force and Military Adviser to the Governor, Southern Rhodesia [Zimbabwe], 1979-1980; retired 1981; died 2006.
Theodore Dyke Acland was born on 14 November 1851, the son of Sir Henry Acland, 1st Bart. of Oxford. He was educated at Winchester; Christ Church, Oxford (MA, MD); Leipzig University; Berlin University and St Thomas's Hospital. In 1883, he was sent by Foreign Office to deal with a cholera outbreak in Egypt. He was then selected for service with the Egyptian Army, of which he became Principal Medical Officer, and was awarded the Order of the Medjidie for his services.
He was Consulting Physician and Governor of St Thomas's Hospital, and of Brompton Hospital for Diseases of Chest and to the Commercial Union Assurance Company, as well as numerous other boards, councils and advisory positions.
In 1888 he married Caroline Cameron (died 1929), daughter of Sir William W. Gull.
Publications Many contributions to the study of current medical questions and school hygiene, including tuberculosis, and the future of the tuberculous soldier. Publications Memoir on the Cholera at Oxford in the year 1854, with considerations suggested by the epidemic, John Churchill and J. H. & J. Parker: London, 1856.
Theodore Dyke Acland was educated at Winchester College and Christchurch College Oxford, obtaining his MD at Oxford in 1883. He was elected FRCP in 1889. In 1893 he was appointed physician to St. Thomas's Hospital, London. During the First World War he served as consulting physician to the London district. Further biographical information can be found in G.H. Brown, Lives of the fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 1826-1925 (London, Royal College of Physicians of London, 1955), volume 4 of the cumulative series of Fellows' lives known as "Munk's roll".
ASH serves to educate the public about the dangers of smoking, to support cessation campaigns - including an annual No Smoking Day - and to campaign for legislation limiting the marketing of tobacco products. Since its foundation in 1971, it has been active in publicising the dangers of passive smoking, worked to discourage smoking by children and campaigned against tobacco marketing in the developing countries.
no further information available
Acton Cottage Hospital, the gift of J Passmore Edwards, was built on land in Gunnersbury Lane given by Lord Rothschild, to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. It opened on 4 May 1898 with 12 beds. By 1902 the "Passmore Edwards' Acton Cottage Hospital, Nursing Institution and Invalid Kitchen" included a rapidly expanding outpatients department, a district nursing service, a provident dispensary, and an invalid kitchen. The hospital was extended in 1904 and 1909 to provide 30 beds for in-patients, a children's ward and operating theatre. It was financed by voluntary donations, annual subscriptions, fetes, carnivals and other fundraising events. According to the rules in 1902 the "Hospital shall be open to the poor resident, or employed by residents in Acton, free of charge; but if there be a vacant bed, needy residents may be admitted for operations or accidents as paying patients, at a minimum fee of just over two pounds per week. Not more than one paying patient shall at any time be in the Hospital." Cases of mental disorder, infectious diseases, incurable illness, advanced pulmonary disease and childbirth were not admitted. Except in urgent cases prospective patients had to produce a letter of recommendation and a medical certificate.
By 1915 the name of the hospital had been changed to Acton Hospital. Many military patients were admitted during the First World War. In 1916 the hospital agreed with Acton District Council that it would provide an antenatal clinic, an infant dispensary, and one bed for the treatment of complicated cases of pregnancy; In 1923 a substantial enlargement of the hospital was completed. The annual report for that year proclaimed that "Acton is now in possession of one of the finest General suburban Hospitals, with an excellent outpatients department and a resident Medical officer, a staff of fully qualified Nurses, an X-ray Apparatus, and other accessories which go to the efficient equipment of a General Hospital." Wards were provided for the treatment of paying patients who were unable to afford the higher charges demanded by nursing homes. Further extensions by 1928 brought the total bed complement up to 62 and saw the opening of nurses' hostel; In 1948 Acton Hospital became part of the National Health Service as an 84 bed general hospital, with a large and well-equipped X-ray department and a large physiotherapy department. It was administered by the Central Middlesex Group Hospital Management Committee of the North West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board. On the reorganisation of the NHS in 1974 it was transferred to the North Hammersmith District (Teaching) of Ealing, Hammersmith and Hounslow Area Health Authority (Teaching). A report in 1975 (H40/AC/A/06/008) concluded that Acton Hospital could not undertake the functions of a district general hospital, and recommended that it should become a community hospital.
Since 1980 it has been used for the treatment of geriatric patients requiring long term care and rehabilitation. On the further reorganisation of the NHS in 1982 Acton Hospital became the responsibility of Hammersmith Special Health Authority (from 1985 Hammersmith and Queen Charlotte's Special Health Authority). In 1990 the former casualty department was redeveloped to house "The Gunnersbury Unit" an elderly mentally ill assessment unit. In 1994 Acton Hospital became part of the Hammersmith Hospitals Trust together with Hammersmith Hospital, Charing Cross Hospital and Queen Charlottes and Chelsea Hospital.
Residents' associations campaign on issues affecting the local area, and aim to maintain and improve the quality of life for residents.
There are currently three associations in the Acton area: the Acton Green Residents Association, the West Acton Residents Association and the South Acton Residents Action Group.
At the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, the economic position of actresses was precarious due both to the nature of their work and the inequality of rates of pay between themselves and their male colleagues. Influenced by the argument that working women needed the vote to improve their economic and working conditions, the Actresses' Franchise League was founded in 1908 by Gertrude Elliot, Winifred Mayo, Sime Seruya and Adeline Bourne. The first meeting was held in December of that year in the Criterion Restaurant in London and was attended by nearly four hundred actresses. Membership was open to those of the profession who wished to support efforts to achieve suffrage for women and the main office was established in the Adelphi Theatre. At the first meeting, it was decided that the group should not affiliate to either the constitutional National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies or the militant Women's Social and Political Union as many individual members were already part of one or the other. However, by 1909, leaders in the Women's Social and Political Union and the Women's Freedom League were regularly being asked to address their meetings. A number of members who held non-militant views, including the Vice president, Irene Vanburgh, consequently resigned from the group in 1910. However, few actresses involved with the organisation took part in militant action as this could have disastrous consequences on their careers, as another member, Kitty Marion, discovered.
By 1911, provincial branches had been created in Edinburgh, Glasgow, Eastbourne and Liverpool and members included Cicley Hamilton, Ellen Terry, Edith Craig, Lena Ashwell, Sybil Thorndyke, May Whittey, Eva Moore, Lillah McCarthey and Elizabeth Robins. It held some meetings and distributed literature but its initial principle role was to support the work of other organisations' campaigns. It regularly put local suffrage organisations in touch with its touring members so that the latter could offer their services in that area by staging suffrage events, speaking at lectures, reciting and writing plays. In 1912 the League became part of the Federated Council of Suffrage Societies and in 1913 a men's group was added. It was around this time that the group undertook a new activity: the creation of the independent Women's Theatre Company, an extension of propaganda and pageant work hitherto carried out for others. Over time, the close links with the WSPU faded and those with the NUWSS and the Men's League for Women's Suffrage grew stronger. Membership rose from 360 in 1910 to 900 in 1914. However, less that two weeks after the start of the First World War, normal activities were suspended and members joined with the Women's Freedom League and the Tax Resisters';s League to form the Women's Emergency Corps. This began to lay the foundations of a register for women who were willing to take part in war work. In addition, from 1915 the Actresses Franchise League helped organise the British Women's Hospital. However, when this work was treated with indifference by the government, their efforts were transferred to creating a Theatre Camps Entertainments group which toured military bases throughout the country. Though it took little active role in the post-war campaigns for an equal franchise for women, the organisation continued in existence until 1934.
At the beginning of the nineteenth century a Frenchman, Jean-Baptiste Pipon, founded an import-export business in Mauritius. In 1817 Joachim Henri Adam (1793-1856) arrived in Mauritius from Rouen to take up work on a sugar estate; in 1825 he married Jean-Baptiste's daughter and joined the Pipon business thereafter. Henri Adam played a prominent part in the island campaign for an indemnity to owners of slaves emancipated under the Abolition Act of 1832. The firm, which for more than a century was one of the island's three most important firms of merchants and commission agents, traded successively under the names of F Barbe and Adam (1829-1837); Henry Adam and Co (1837-1848); Pipon Bell and Co (1848-1863); Pipon Adam and Co (1863-1897); Adam and Co (1897-1945); and Adam and Co Ltd (1945-1969). The Adam family was important in local administration. Charles Felix Henri (fl 1830-1900) was a member of the Council of Government in the 1880s. His brother Louis Gustave (d 1894) established himself in Paris to watch over the European side of the business. In 1969 the business was sold to the Blyth, Greene, Jourdain and Company Group; a condition of the sale was that the Adam name should be kept. Both the Pipon and Adam families were involved in the production as well as in the marketing of sugar, the main export industry of Mauritius. Through a network of correspondents and agents the firm sold sugar, mostly on consignment, to Britain, France, India, Australia, Malaya, Dutch East Indies, Indo-China and South Africa: it imported rice and jute (gunny sacks) from Calcutta; chemical fertilizers and machinery from Europe and guano from Peru; mules from Montevideo, and a great diversity of consumer goods. An important part of the company's operations from the late 1830s onwards was connected with the transport and allocation of Indian immigrant workers under contract to the sugar plantations. It was also active in the chartering market, acting as agent both for chartered vessels and for regular liners, notably the Clan Line. There was also an insurance business, the Mauritius Marine Insurance Company, which looked after the affairs of a number of overseas insurance companies as agent and claims assessor, besides representing the Bureau Veritas classification society in Mauritius.
Corporate body
Helen Pearl Adam (1882-1957) was born on the 25 Apr 1882, the daughter of Mrs CE Humphrey who, as 'Madge' writing in 'Truth', was one of the first women journalists in Britain. Helen began her own career as a journalist in 1899 when she was seventeen. Ten years later, she married another newspaper writer, George Adam. The pair were correspondents in Paris during the First World War, where George Adam had been posted in 1912. There she edited 'International Cartoons of the War' in 1916 and subsequently published her diary of the period under the title Paris Sees it Through. After the war, the couple remained in the city where Helen Pearl Adam met the writer Jean Rhys, allowing her to live in the Adam's flat, editing Rhys' first novel, Triple Sec and introducing her to Ford Maddox Brown. George Adam resigned from The Times in Jan 1921 but remained there working for American newspapers, while his wife wrote articles commissioned by the Evening Standard, the Observer and the Sunday Times amongst others. George Adams died in Paris in 1930 and in the wake of this Helen Pearl Adams returned to England where she continued her work, which included writing the History of the National Council of Women of Great Britain in 1945. She died on the 2 Jan 1957.
James Adam was superintendent of the Metropolitan District Asylum at Caterham, Surrey, and of Crichton Royal Institution, Dumfries. On Adam's career, cf. C E Easterbrook, The chronicle of Crichton Royal (Dumfries, 1940).
Born in 1885; educated at Eton College and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; served in France, Flanders and Italy, World War One, 1914-1918; General Staff Officer Grade 1, Staff College, Camberley, 1932-1935; General Staff Officer Grade 1, War Office, 1935-1936; Deputy Director of Military Operations, War Office, 1936; Commander, Royal Artillery, 1 Div, 1936-1937; Commandant of Staff College, Camberley, 1937; Deputy Chief of Imperial General Staff, 1938-1939; Commanding 3 Army Corps, 1939- 1940; General Officer Commander-in-Chief, Northern Command, 1940-1941; Col Commandant of Royal Artillery and Army Educational Corps, 1940-1950; Adjutant General to the Forces, 1941-1946; Gen, 1942; Col Commandant, Royal Army Dental Corps, 1945-1951; retired, 1946; President of Marylebone Cricket Club, 1946- 1947, Library Association, 1949, National Institute of Adult Education, 1949-1964; National Institute of Industrial Psychology, 1947-1952; member of Council, Institute of Education, London University, 1948-1967; member of Miners Welfare Commission, 1946-1952; Chairman and Director General, British Council, 1946-1954; Executive Board, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, 1950-1954 and Chairman, 1952-1954; Principal of Working Men's College, 1956-1961; died in 1982.
Virginia Adam was born in 1938 and educated at Cheltenham Ladies College and Newnham College, Cambridge University. Following graduation in 1960 she became an Assistant Research Fellow at the Applied Research Unit of the East African Institute of Social Research. The Applied Research Unit, set up to produce research which would be of use to government departments as well as the University, was largely financed by the Ford Foundation. Virginia Adam's project, under the direction of Dr Derrick Stenning, was intended both to supply information to the Community Development Department and to supply facts about a largely unknown area of central Tanzania. From 1961-1963, she took part in the daily life of her study area in Tanzania, investigating the myths, legends and history of the tribes that she studied. Adam worked at University College London from 1964.
Virginia Adam was born in 1938 and educated at Cheltenham Ladies College and Newnham College, Cambridge University. Following graduation in 1960 she became an Assistant Research Fellow at the Applied Research Unit of the East African Institute of Social Research. The Applied Research Unit, set up to produce research which would be of use to government departments as well as the University, was largely financed by the Ford Foundation. Virginia Adam's project, under the direction of Dr Derrick Stenning, was intended both to supply information to the Community Development Department and to supply facts about a largely unknown area of central Tanzania. From 1961-1963, she took part in the daily life of her study area in Tanzania, investigating the myths, legends and history of the tribes that she studied. Adam worked at University College London from 1964.
Adam International Review was a literary magazine published in English and French, its title an acronym for Arts, Drama, Architecture and Music. The original periodical Adam, founded in 1929 in Bucharest, was by 1938 edited by Miron Grindea (born in Romania, 1909, d 1995). Educated at Bucharest University and the Sorbonne, he worked in Romania and Paris as a music and literary critic during the 1930s, and he and his wife Carola, a pianist, were members of Romania's artistic avant-garde. They settled in London in 1939, and in 1941 the first London issue (no 152), known as Adam International Review, appeared, including contributions from H G Wells, G B Shaw, Thomas Mann and Cecil Day-Lewis. However, wartime paper rationing caused the cessation of publication. The review reappeared in 1946. It provided a vehicle for expression for many literati exiled from Nazi Europe. A number of contributors were Jews in exile. It covered literature, art and music, publishing English and French writers and translations of work by other European authors. Some issues dealt with a single subject and usually contained new material. Many contributions were secured without payment to the authors. Adam was subsidised at different times by various bodies, including the Arts Council. Numbers 455-467 (1985) were published in collaboration with King's College London. From 1985 an annual Adam lecture was held at King's College to mark its acquisition of the Adam archive. The magazine celebrated 500 issues in 1989. Grindea was awarded Prix de l'Academie Francaise, 1955, Lundquist Literary Prize, Sweden, 1965, Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur, 1974, the MBE in 1977, the OBE in 1986, and an Honorary DLitt degree from Kent, 1983, and was Commander, Order of Arts and Letters, France, 1985. In 1990 BBC2's Bookmark devoted a special programme to him. Grindea's own publications include Malta Calling (1943); Henry Wood, a symposium (1944); Jerusalem, a literary chronicle of 3000 years (1968), 2nd edition Jerusalem, the Holy City in literature, preface by Graham Greene (1982); Natalie Clifford Barney (1963); The London Library, a symposium (1978); and contributions to many periodicals and newspapers.
After being a student of Owen's College, Manchester, the author obtained his MD at Cambridge in 1892, having studied also in Germany and in France. In the same year he was appointed to the Chair of Pathology and Bacteriology at McGill University, Montreal. He was A.D.M.S. to the Canadian Expeditionary Forces in 1914-1918, and had been elected FRS in 1905.
Materials created during an oral history project on the workhouse.
Person