Born, 1890; educated at St Paul's School, Architectural School, Westminster, and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst; served with the 28 County of London Bn (Artists' Rifles), The London Regt, Territorial Force, 1908-1910; commissioned into the Army Service Corps, 1911; served in World War One, 1914-1918; awarded MC; Lt, 1914; temporary Capt, 1914-1917; Deputy Assistant Director of Transport, BEF (British Expeditionary Force), Western Front, 1915-1919; Capt, 1917; Staff Capt, War Office, 1919-1923; Brevet Maj, 1921; Staff Capt, War Office, 1928-1930; Maj, 1930; Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General, War Office, 1930-1932; Lt Col, 1932; General Staff Officer 2, Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1935-1937; Col, 1937; Assistant Director of Shipping and Transport, War Office, 1937-1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Brig, 1939; Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General, 3 Corps, France, 1939-1940; awarded CBE, 1940; temporary Maj Gen, 1940-1941; Maj Gen, Administration, Scottish Command, 1940-1941; Maj Gen, 1941; Chief Administrative Officer to Gen Sir Alan Francis Brooke, Commander in Chief Home Forces, 1941; awarded CB, 1942; Deputy Chief of Staff and Chief Administrative Officer under US Gen Dwight David Eisenhower, European Theatre of Operations, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), 1942-1945; awarded CVO, 1943; Allied invasions of North Africa (Operation TORCH), 1942, Sicily (Operation HUSKY), 1943, Italy (Operations BAYTOWN, SLAPSTICK and AVALANCHE), 1943, and Normandy (Operation OVERLORD), 1944; created KBE, 1943; temporary Lt Gen, 1944; Col Commandant, Royal Army Service Corps, 1944-1954; Personal Representative in Europe of Director General of United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), 1945-1947; worked for Anglo-Iran Oil Company; Col Commandant, Army Catering Corps, 1946-1958; retired, 1947; Chairman, Basildon New Town Development Corporation, Essex, 1954-1964; died, 1971.
Jack Gallagher worked as a teacher and education adviser in Lesotho during the 1980s and 1990s. He accumulated this material during this time: some relates directly to his work and personal interests, while other items were collected by him. Gallagher donated a substantial Library to ICS as well as these archival items.
Richard Thomas Gallienne (later Le Gallienne) was born in West Derby, Lancashire in 1866. He was educated at Liverpool College. Interested in literature from an early age, he began collecting books as a young man. His first book of poetry was published in 1887. In 1888, after failing the exams necessary to qualify as an accountant, he moved to London and earned a living as a book reviewer and continued to write poetry and prose. Le Gallienne emigrated to the United States in the early 1900s and from 1930 onwards lived in France and Monte Carlo with his third wife, where he continued to work as a journalist.
John Gallop born 1910; Junior posts with the Bournemouth and Poole Electricity Supply Company, 1932-1936; Technical Assistant, Bournemouth and Poole Electricity Supply Company. Designed and installed the company's first multiple earthing scheme, 1936-1942; Technical Officer, Telecommunications Research Establishment, Malvern - Deputy Leader of team developing radar transmitters for the RAF, 1942-1946; Senior Scientific Officer, Ministry of Supply Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell - leader of team developing the synchrotron, 1946-1948; Senior Cyclotron Engineer, MRC - organising recruitment of the Radiotherapeutic Research Unit's cylotron team at Hammersmith Hospital, and supervising the design and construction of the first medical cyclotron, with accompanying laboratory buildings which also contained an 8 MeV linear acceleration, 1948-1958; Senior Executive Research Engineer in charge of Gas Discharge Physics at the Nelson Research Laboratories, English Electric Co., Stafford (part of the High Temperature Physics Team under Dr R Latham at Imperial College, London), 1958-1971.
Chronology of the Cyclotron Project: Dr Constance Wood's work at the Radium Institute on comparison of radium and 22 kV X-Rays indicated that higher voltages of radiation give the best dose distribution, c 1940; 2 MeV Van de Graaff generator designed and built at Hammersmith Hospital by J W Boag for the MRC's Radiotherapeutic Research Unit, directed by Constance Wood. By 1945 the machine was near completion, but design had been overtaken by new accelerators such as the linear accelerator, 1941; Dr L H ('Hal') Gray joined the Hammersmith Hospital team to include radiobiology in the Unit's programme. He discovered that X-radiation is less effective than neutron bombardment unless oxygen is present, and since tumours tend to be anoxic, a cyclotron was needed to produce neutrons, 1945; The MRC decided to install both a 10 MeV Linear Accelerator and a 60" or 65" cyclotron at Hammersmith, the latter to provide the facilities for research into neutron therapy, radiobiology and isotope production. JWG was appointed Senior Cyclotron Engineer, having worked on the team at the Telecommunications Research Establishment, Malvern, which produced the first synchrotron, 1948; Gallop put together a team to build the cyclotron themselves, with Derry Vonberg in charge of the vacuum system, Bill Powell of the magnetic field and ion source, and Peter Waterton to design the v.f. system, based at a former Prisoner of War camp on Scrubs Common next to the hospital; Gallop undertook tour of existing cyclotrons in the USA, 1950; Proposal to cancel the whole project due to excessive quotation for building led to redesign. Sir Harold Himsworth, MRC Secretary, convened an advisory committee chaired by Sir Ernest Rock Carling, which, under the guidance of Professor Mayneord, approved the building of a 45" cyclotron; After disagreement with L H Gray, Wood submitted a report discounting all purposes for the cyclotron other than neutron therapy. Gray and J W Boag resigned and Gallop continued with the original programme: to build a machine to be used primarily for radiobiology with isotope production as a possibility.
This firm of stockbrokers was founded in c 1870 by William John Galloway and Cyrus Tom Pearson as Galloway & Pearson, with offices at 75 Old Broad Street. The founding families continued to be represented amongst the partners until the late 1950s.
A service company, Gallus Services Limited, was established in 1979 to acquire all the fixed assets of the partnership and to provide the services required to maintain the stockbroking business. In 1984, Galloway and Pearson (and Gallus Services Limited) merged with WICO (W. I. Carr, Sons and Company (Overseas) Limited) to form WICO Galloway and Pearson Limited. WICO was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Exco International plc, who subsequently acquired a 29.9% stake in the new firm with an option to purchase the remaining 70.1%
Galloway and Pearson had premises: 75 Old Broad Street (1870-81); 3 Drapers' Gardens (1882-1910); 3 Drapers' Gardens and Warnford Court (1911 only) then 27G Throgmorton Street (1911-35); 1 London Wall Buildings and 27G Throgmorton Street (to 1940) then Warnford Court (1936-41); Warnford Court (1942-83); Warnford Court and 29 Throgmorton Street (1984).
WICO Galloway & Pearson Limited had premises: Warnford Court and 29 Throgmorton Street (1985), and Sherborne House, 119 Cannon Street (1986).
Alexander Galloway rose to prominence in the radical London Corresponding Society, becoming president of the Society in 1797. He continued to campaign for democratic reform and improvements to working conditions for many years. Galloway was a member of the Worshipful Company of Leathersellers and rose to be a prominent engineer and one of London's largest employers. He also spent 17 years on the Council of Farringdon Without ward.
C P Galtier was Professeur de Toxicologie à la Faculté de Médecine à Paris in 1839-1840.
Dorothy Galton (1901-1992) became secretary in 1928 to Sir Bernard Pares, the director of what was then the School of Slavonic Studies, King's College London. In 1932 she became Secretary of the School as it was newly established as a self governing department of London University. She remained in this post until her retirement in 1961, seeing the School expand in the post war period. In 1945 she visited the United States and Canada to report on Slavonic studies there. During her long retirement DG devoted herself to the study of beekeeping and published several works on the subject.
Frank Wallis Galton was born in London in 1867. He was educated at the Working Men's College at Great Ormond, London. He was apprentice to a silversmith and engraver in the City of London and Freeman of the City by servitude. He was Private Secretary to Sydney and Beatrice Webb from 1892 to 1898; Secretary of the London Reform Union, 1899-1918 and the City of London Liberal Association, 1903-1905. During the First World War he was Assistant Secretary to the Central Association of Volunteer Regiments and editor of The Volunteer Gazette. After the war he became the editor of the Municipal Journal from 1918-1920. Galton also published works on the social sciences, including, The Tailoring Trade, published by the London School of Economics and Workers on their Industries, as well as various articles and pamphlets. Galton died on 9 April 1952.
Francis Galton was born in Birmingham and educated locally, at King's College medical school in London and at Trinity College Cambridge. He settled in London and was active in both the Royal Society and the Royal Geographical Society. Galton spent many years examining the nature of human heredity and his work on inheritance patterns led to important advanced in the statistical analysis of biological phenomena and the development of psychometric tests; his ideas on eugenics largely fell out of favour during the mid-20th century, however. He was knighted in 1909 and received the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1910.
Francis Galton was born in Birmingham on the 16th February 1822. His father was Samuel Tertius Galton (1783-1844), a banker, and his mother was Frances Anne Violetta Darwin (1783-1874), daughter of the physician Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802). Through his mother's family he was a cousin of the naturalist Charles Darwin.
Galton was educated in Kenilworth and at King Edward's School, Birmingham, until the age of sixteen. Following in the footsteps of his maternal grandfather, he was enrolled to study medicine at Birmingham General Hospital in 1838 and moved to King's College Medical School in 1839. However, he gave up his medical education and in 1840 spent six months travelling through Europe, Turkey and Syria. On his return he went up to Trinity College, Cambridge to read mathematics and was awarded his BA in 1844. When his father died later that year, a generous inheritance allowed Galton to give up his plans to study medicine at Cambridge and instead he embarked on a year-long tour of the Middle East.
In 1850 he explored south-west Africa on behalf of the Royal Geographical Society and later published two books as a result of his experiences: Tropical South Africa (1852) and The Art of Travel (1855). He married Louisa Jane Butler in 1855 and they established a home in Rutland Gate in South Kensington, London.
Galton then devoted his life to the study of diverse fields, including the weather, physical and mental characteristics in man and animals, the influence of heredity, heredity in twins, and fingerprints. He was preoccupied with counting and measuring, and collected a huge amount of statistical data to support his research.
Today, Galton is perhaps best known for his studies into the inheritance of mental characteristics in humans, for example estimating the frequency with which eminent individuals come from similarly distinguished families. His questionable hypotheses and methods led him to conclude that talents could be inherited, and later in his life he was zealous in advocating the study of "those agencies under social control that may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations, either physically or mentally". He invented the word "eugenics" to describe this. Many of his genetic theories, such as eugenics, have since been discredited, although his study into the concept of inheritance - that certain physical characteristics can be passed from one generation to the next - is an important legacy.
One of Galton's other important legacies was his work on fingerprints. He discovered that a person's fingerprints could be used for personal identification because they are unique and do not change throughout a person's lifetime. His archive contains a large number of examples of fingerprints, which he used to create a taxonomic system still in use today. Galton also carried out further studies into the method of inheritance, for example disproving Charles Darwin's theory of pangenesis (inheritance via particles in the bloodstream) and making various discoveries through his data analysis that eventually formed the basis of biostatistics.
Galton was also involved in many societies and organisations, particularly the Royal Society, the Royal Geographical Society and the British Association for the Advancement of Science. He was on the governing committee of the Meteorological Office from 1868 to 1900. He founded the Galton Laboratory of National Eugenics at University College London to further his work on eugenics, although under the leadership of L S Penrose in the 1960s the name of this department was changed to the Galton Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Biometry.
Francis Galton died on the 17 January 1911 and he was buried at the Galton family vault in Claverdon, Warwickshire. His wife Louisa predeceased him; they had no children.
The papers contain references to Reverend W Gambier and Reverend J E Gambier.
David Gamble was employed by the Colonial Office during the late 1940s and 1950s, and his published works include extensive monographs on the Fula, Wolof and Mandinka languages of the Gambia. He has also written extensively on Fula custom and the history of the Gambia, and worked at the Department of Anthropology, San Francisco State University, during the 1970s and 1980s. The Fula language is spoken in an area from the Gambia to Guinea Bissau, West Africa. Publications: Contributions to a socio-economic survey of the Gambia (Colonial Office Research Department, 1949); Economic Conditions in Two Mandinka Villages (Colonial Office Research Department, 1953); Mandinka Reading Book (1956); The Wolof of Senegambia ... with notes on the Lebu and the Serer (1957); Bibliography of the Gambia (1967); with Louise Sperling, A general bibliography of the Gambia [1979]; The Gambia (c1988); edited, with P E H Hair, Richard Jobson's The discovery of River Gambra (1999).
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).
Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.
Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.
A covenant or deed of covenant was an agreement entered into by one of the parties to a deed to another. A covenant for production of title deeds was an agreement to produce deeds not being handed over to a purchaser, while a covenant to surrender was an agreement to surrender copyhold land.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Sir (Leonard) David Gammans (1895-1957) served with the RFA in France, 1914-1918. He was in the Colonial Service in Malaya, 1920-1934 and attached to the British Embassy in Tokyo, 1926-1928. In 1930 he toured in India, Europe and America and, on retiring from the Colonial Service, lectured in the U.S.A. and Canada; he was Director and Secretary of the Land Settlement Association, 1934-1939. He was the Unionist MP for Hornsey from 1941 to his death, being Assistant Postmaster-General from 1951-1955, and a member of Parliamentary Delegations to the West Indies, 1944, Serawak, 1946, and Ceylon, 1949. He was created a baronet in 1955.
Sir David Gammans's records were deposited by his widow, Lady (Ann Muriel) Gammans, whom he married in 1917; Lady Gammans was Conservative M.P. for Hornsey from 1957 until 1966.
Gan Kee Rubber Estates Limited was registered in 1910 to acquire the Gan Kee estates in Negri Sembilan, Malaya. Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112) acted as agents and secretaries from 1952 to 1955 (replacing Bright and Galbraith).
The company traded in West Bengal, India, as general merchants and agents, and was part of the Inchcape Group of companies.
Born, 1879, East Stonehouse, Plymouth; attended Plymouth church and national schools, and Ottershaw School, Chertsey; married James William Henry Ganley, a tailor's cutter, July 1901; lived in Westminster before settling in Battersea, raising two sons and a daughter; active in left-wing politics in opposition to the Second South African War, and in response to the poor social conditions of the working-class communities in which she lived; joined the Social Democratic Federation in 1906, campaigned for the suffrage, and was instrumental in setting up a socialist women's circle in Battersea and developing it into a branch of the Women's Labour League (later the Labour Party women's sections); in 1914 she was involved in the British Committee of the International Congress, anti-war suffragists who detached themselves from the more patriotic National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies to work with European women for peace. After the war, she continued to campaign for citizenship rights; joined the Co-operative and Labour parties, and in November 1919 won a seat on Battersea Borough Council; chaired the health committee, and it was mainly through her efforts that a well-equipped maternity home was opened in Battersea in 1921; became one of the first women magistrates in London, 1920, and for twenty years sat in juvenile courts; served as a London County Councillor and as a member of the London County Education Committee; in the 1930s sought nomination as a Co-operative Party candidate; elected Co-operative-Labour MP for Battersea South; defeated in 1951 general election; CBE in 1953; re-elected to Battersea Borough Council, 1953-1965; widely active within the co-operative movement and was an elected director of the West London Society from 1918, and after its merger with the London Society in 1921, of the London Co-operative Society, which position she retained until 1946; became the first woman president of the London Co-operative Society, 1942; belonged to the Lavender Hill branch of the Women's Co-operative Guild and held a number of official positions in the Guild's national committee structure including a place on the south-eastern sectional council; died, Battersea, Aug 1966.
Miss Ganz taught dancing at Mr Littlejohn's Navy School between 1888 and 1898. Later she took pupils, many of whom were from the Royal Naval College, Greenwich.
Born Aberdeen in 1874; trained in Chicago and Paris; a leading operatic soprano in the 1900s, renowned for her operatic performances in France, particularly at the Opera-Comique. For further details see Grove Dictionary of Music.
Born, 1944; educated St Catherine's College, Oxford (MA 1967; Hon Fellow, 1994); Magdalene College, Cambridge (MPhil, 1982); joined RAF, 1963; Pilot, 3 Squadron, 1967-1971; Flying Instructor, 1972-1975; Army Staff College, 1976; Personal Staff Officer, 1977-1979; Officer, 50 Squadron, 1979-1981; Director of Defence studies, RAF, 1982-1985; Station Commander RAF Odiham, 1985-1987; Assistant Director, Defence Programmes, 1987-1988; Director Air Force Staff Duties, 1988-1990; Assistant Chief of the Air Staff, 1991-1992; Assistant Chief of Defence Staff, 1992-1994; Air Marshal; Commandant, Royal College of Defence Studies, 1994-1995; retired, 1996; Director of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1997-1998; undertook writing, broadcasting, lecturing and projects for the British Government, the US Department of Defense and NATO; Liberal Democrat Spokesman on Defence, 2004-2007; died, 2007.
Duncan MacKinnon and Lord Inchcape were directors of this company, which operated in the Garden Reach area of Calcutta, India, and had offices at Winchester House, 50 Old Broad Street. It went into voluntary liquidation in 1915. It was part of the Inchcape Group of companies.
Alfred George Gardiner, 1865-1946, was born in Chelmsford and worked for the Chelmsford Chronicle and the Bournemouth Directory as a boy. In 1887 he became a member of staff of the Northern Daily Telegraph in Blackburn and in 1899 became editor of the Blackburn Weekly Telegraph. In 1902 he was appointed editor of the Daily News which he made into one of the leading liberal journals of the day. After a period of disagreements with the Cadbury family, who owned the Daily News, over his opposition to Lloyd George, he resigned. From 1915 he also contributed to the Star under the pseudonym 'Alpha of the Plough'.
Frederick Gardiner was an eminent dermatologist who obtained his M.D. at Edinburgh in 1902, and became physician to the Royal Infirmary there. He was afterwards Professor of Dermatology. For further biographical information see the B.M.J. 1933, ii, p. 548.
Laurie Gardiner was a professor of Tudor history at Melbourne University. He died in 1991.
Mr Gardiner attended lectures by Joseph Else, Hugh Smith MD and Thomas Denman, from 1774-1775. Further biographical information is currently unavailable.
Dorothy Ellen Marion Gardner (1900-1992) had a long career as a nursery and primary school teacher, lecturer and researcher in education and child development. She was educated at Cheltenham Ladies College where she took a Froebel course in child development. After a short period of teaching in Edinburgh she came to London and worked at the Rachel Macmillan Nursery School, the Norland Institute and the Francis Holland School in Baker Street. She was then appointed as a lecturer in Infant and Junior School Education at Bishop Otter College, Chichester. She was among the first intake of students to the new Department of Child Development at the Institute of Education, University of London from 1934 to 1936 where she became a close personal friend of Susan Isaacs (1885-1948). She then moved to the City of Leeds Training College as a lecturer in methods of education before succeeding Susan Isaacs as Head of the Department of Child Development in London in 1943. She lectured widely in the United Kingdom and abroad and was vice-chairman of the Nursery Schools Association. Her publications included Testing Results in the Infant School (1942), Longer Term Results of Infant School Methods (1950), Education of Children Under Eight (1949), The Role of the Teacher in the Infant and Nursery School (1965) and Experiment and Tradition in Primary Schools (1966). Dorothy Gardner retired in 1968 and completed a biography of Susan Isaacs which was published in 1969.
Ernest Gardner was born in London. He was educated in London and Caius College Cambridge. From 1884 he was continuously employed in archaeological work, excavation, study and teaching, on many sites, especially in Greece. From 1887 to 1895 he was Director of the British School of Archaeology at Athens. He was Yates Professor of Archaeology at University College London from 1896 to 1929. Gardner published many writings on archaeology, with emphasis on Greek art, archaeology and excavations.
Henry Gardner was master at Gifford Street School, 1883 and head at Hornsey Road Ragged School, 1887.
Monica Gardner was an English writer on Poland and Polish literature. Her main focus was on romantic poetry but she also wrote two historical biographies. In addition to writing books and articles (she was a longtime contributor to "The Slavonic Review"), Monica Gardner was a translator and editor. She was killed in an air raid in London in 1941.
Gardner's Trust for the Blind was created by the will of Mr Henry Gardner who, on his death on 9 January 1879, left £300,000 for the benefit of blind persons residing in England and Wales.
In accordance with the wishes of the testator the matter was referred to the Court of Chancery where a scheme for the administration of the fund was drawn up, dated 20 January 1882.
Income from the trust is used to give educational and other grants, and pensions, to blind persons of all ages. The trust has also founded scholarships at various colleges, schools and institutions for the blind.
Educated at Cambridge University and Guy's Hospital, obtained BA Natural Science Tripos, 1891; MRCS, LRCP London 1896, and MB BCh Cambridge 1896.
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
The Transport History Collection consists largely of two substantial bequests relating to British railway history, namely the Clinker collection and the Garnett collection. Charles Ralph Clinker was born at Rugby in 1906 and joined the Great Western Railway from school in 1923 as a passenger train runner. By the time of the outbreak of World War Two he had risen to become liaison officer for the four major railway companies with Southern Command HQ, and as such was involved in the planning and execution of the Dunkirk evacuation in 1940 and the D-Day Landings in 1944. He left railway service in 1946 and devoted the rest of his life to research and lecturing on railway history, a taste which he had acquired when seconded to assist E. T. MacDermot in the preparation of his History of the Great Western Railway (London, 1964), and which Clinker subsequently revised for publication in 1982. Clinker wrote numerous books and pamphlets on railway history; his Clinker's Register of closed passenger stations and goods depots in England, Scotland and Wales, 1830-1977 (1963, revised 1978) is widely regarded as his magnum opus. He died in 1983.
David Garnett was born near Warrington in 1909 and as young man qualified as a chartered electrical engineer, soon afterwards completing his training at the Brush works in Loughborough. He then worked at the lift manufacturer Waygood-Otis, and during World War Two served with the National Fire Service, then at the Admiralty. In the 1950s he began to build a collection of railway and other maps which at the time of his death in 1984 was one of the finest such collections in the country.
Chris Wookey was born on 2 Aug 1957 and was a student at Brunel University, 1975-1979, obtaining an honours degree in Applied Biochemistry. He was a keen railway photographer and Chairman of the Brunel University Railway Society for two years. After leaving Brunel he taught Chemistry for almost ten years at Ryden's School in Walton-on-Thames. He died in 1989.
Richard Garnett, (b. Feb. 27, 1835, Lichfield, Staffordshire, Eng. d. April 13, 1906, London), English writer, librarian, and the head of the Garnett family, which exerted a formative influence on the development of modern British writing. From the age of 15 until his retirement in 1899 he was in the employ of the British Museum.
A Training College for Technical Teachers was opened in 1946 at North Western Polytechnic in North London as part of the Ministry of Education's emergency scheme for training teachers. In 1950 the College was separated from North Western Polytechnic and maintained by London County Council. The College was renamed Garnett College in 1953 after William Garnett, a former Secretary to the London County Council's Technical Education Board. In 1963 Garnett College was moved to Roehampton, continuing to run courses for students training to work in further and higher education. The College moved into two Georgian villas: Mount Clare, which became the college's residential facility, and Downshire House, its administrative centre with a teaching block in the grounds. In 1978 Garnett became responsible for most of a further adjacent house, Manresa House, which was used for teaching.
By the 1980s Garnett College had about 500 students at Roehampton and about the same number studying part-time and attending various colleges in the south of England or Garnett's annexe in West Square near Elephant and Castle.The College ran a one year or equivalent course leading to a Teacher's Certificate for further education teachers, with some students full-time, others taking sandwich courses and some day-release students. Students were normally over 25 and already professionally qualified in the subjects they would teach or were already teaching. Garnett also offered a range of courses in teacher training unique to the College, leading to University of London diplomas, MA, or CNAA B.Ed. (Council for National Academic Awards). With a student-staff ration of 8 to 1 the college was considered expensive to maintain, and was one of only four further education teacher training colleges in the country. With the support of the Inner London Education Authority, Thames Polytechnic negotiated a merger with Garnett College in 1986. By 1990 all the students from Garnett College had been moved to Thames Polytechnic's Avery Hill site and a new site at Wapping.
Born London, 1901; Member Royal College of Surgeons, 1923; Licentiate Royal College of Physicians; Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (St Bartholomew's), Married Esther Long Price, 1924. Diploma in Public Health 1925-1947; Colonial Medical Services: Colony and Protectorate of Kenya; Doctor of Medicine (London) with Gold Medal, 1928; Dipl. de Med. Malariol., Paris, 1931; 1947-1968 Department of Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1947-1968; Became Head of Department of Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1952; Companion Order of St Michael and St George, 1964; Fellow Royal Society; Published Malaria Parasites, 1966; Heath Clark Lecturer, University of London Senior Research Fellow, Imperial College Field Station, Ashurst Lodge, Ascot, Berkshire, 1968; Published Progress in Parasitology, 1970; died 1994. Garnham's scientific achievements include the discovery of the liver stages of the malaria parasite and the elucidation of the full life cycle, as well as the fine structure, of many species of malaria parasites. He was involved in the eradication of onchocerciasis from Kenya, and did research into many parasitic infections, including piroplasmosis, also relapsing fever, mosquitoes, and virus diseases.
Percy Cyril Claude Garnham was born in London, 15 January 1901; graduated from St Bartholomew's Hospital, 1923; Diploma in Public Health, 1924; moved to Kenya to take up a position with the Colonial Medical Service, 1925. Here he spent a number of years investigating and controlling outbreaks of epidemics such as yellow fever and sleeping sickness. His interests whilst in Kenya ranged from the viral aetiologies of Rift Valley Fever and Nairobi Sheep Disease, studied in cooperation with the service's Veterinary Department, and through bird malaria to monkey and human malaria.
When the Division of Insect Borne Diseases was set up in Nairobi, Garnham became its Malaria Research Officer and then Director. He submitted a thesis on malaria in Kisumu for the degree of MD which he gained in 1928, with the award of Gold Medal from the University of London. In 1947, Garnham returned to London where he became a Reader at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Much of his interest was in malaria parasites, but he also made major contributions on leishmaniasis, piroplasmosis, toxoplasmosis, haemogregarines and many other parasites. In January 1948 Garnham and Professor Henry Shortt discovered the pre-erythroctic stages of true malaria parasites. He was appointed chair of Protozoology in 1952, and became Head of the Department of Parasitology.
Garnham retired as Emeritus of the University of London in 1968 and was invited to be Research Fellow for Imperial College at Silwood Park in Ascot. He collected over 1000 type and voucher specimens of nearly 200 species of malaria parasites from 170 vertebrates or vectors. The collection was catalogued with Dr Tony Duggan and deposited in National History Museum. At the age of 71 Garnham launched an expedition to Borneo to rediscover and redescribe 'P. pitheci,' a malaria parasite of the orang-utan. He came across a new host 'P. silvaticum' in 1972. Between 1926 and 1989 Garnham published solely or jointly more than 400 papers, including 'Malaria Parasites and other Haemosporidia' in 1966. He retired in 1979 and wrote a book on the life of Edgar Allen Poe which was nearing completion on his death on Christmas Day 1994. During his lifetime Garner received Fellowship of the Royal Society, Corresponding Membership of five Foreign Scientific Academies, Honorary Membership of 16 Societies, 14 Medals and Prizes, Doctorates Honories Causa of 2 French Faculties of Medicine, an appointment as Pontifical Academician of the Vatican and the CMG award. Twenty-one taxa parasites and vectors were named after him.
Publications include: Malaria parasites and other haemosporidia (Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, 1966); Progress in parasitology Athlone Press, London, 1971) and Catalogue of the Garnham collection of malaria parasites and other haemosporidia by P C C Garnham and A J Duggan (Cambridge University Press [for] the Wellcome Trust, Cambridge, c1986).
Garnier and Company Limited, manufacturers of Vitreous enamelled steel signs, was founded by Charles Garnier (b. 1841, Paris), who came to London with his family in 1870s and worked as an engraver and manufacturer of enamelled copper medallions, jewellery and advertising letters.
On 1st February 1887 Charles Garnier formed a partnership with Mr. Andrew Agnes Maitland Herriott, who was appointed Director. The registered office of the first company was 10 Ash Grove, Hackney. This business stopped c. 1889, for unknown reasons.
On 22nd July 1890 Charles Garnier set up another business arrangement, forming a Company called 'Garnier Enamelled Letter and Advertising Sign Co.' and acting as agent for two French companies (G. Soyers and C. Merleu). The main shareholders were Mr. Charles Garnier and Mr. Henry Sells. Garnier concentrated on the manufacture of copper letters, which were used extensively for window advertising.
In 1908 the company changed ownership again, the new owners being Mr. C. Amey and Mr. F. Battams. After Henry Sells's death by February 1912, his son Alfred and his family become the main shareholders, together with Sells Publishing Agency. The Company seems to have survived the First World War, with the offices and trade counter in Farringdon Street and the new factory in Willesden.
On 6th February 1923 Mr. Amey (owner) and Mr. W. C. Sydenham (employee since 1921) formed Garnier & Co. Ltd. The business was to manufacture and deal in enamelled plates and signs, copper letters and other articles. Mr. Amey retired from the Company in April 1926. After the death of Mr. Sydenham in July 1930 the Company was left to his wife Elizabeth, and after her death in May 1934, to their daughter Miss Barbara Sydenham, who kept in touch with the Company's affairs through her advisors, solicitors Bevan Hancock and accountants Payne Stone & Fraser, based in Bristol, where she lived. Miss Sydenham eventually agreed to sell the Company to John Lovelock (Company's Works Manager) and Vera Thompson (Company Secretary) in January 1972. The Company continued to manufacture Vitreous enamelled steel signs, but copper letters had been discontinued in 1950s.
The business was sold again in October 1991. In 1998 the Company was still trading at 233a High Road and 37 Strode Road, Willesden, specialising in the Vitreous enamelled steel trade.
The Cross Keys Inn, Uxbridge, was in existence by 1548.
Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).
An 'indenture' was a deed or agreement between two or more parties. Two or more copies were written out, usually on one piece of parchment or paper, and then cut in a jagged or curvy line, so that when brought together again at any time, the two edges exactly matched and showed that they were parts of one and the same original document. A 'right hand indenture' is therefore the copy of the document which was on the right hand side when the parchment was cut in two.
A 'fine' was a fee, separate from the rent, paid by the tenant or vassal to the landlord on some alteration of the tenancy, or a sum of money paid for the granting of a lease or for admission to a copyhold tenement.
Common Recovery was a process by which land was transferred from one owner to another. It was a piece of legal fiction involving the party transferring the land, a notional tenant and the party acquiring the land; the tenant was ejected to effect the transfer. An exemplification was a formal copy of a court record issued with the court's seal.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Kathleen Isabella Garrett was principal cataloguer at Guildhall Library until 1970.
Maria Hackett (1783-1874) was a philanthropist who campaigned for the better treatment of choristers in Anglican cathedrals. The boy choristers often lived in poor conditions without proper education or supervison, and could be hired out by their singing master to perform at public concerts. Hackett studied documents at St Paul's to determine the ancient responsbilities of the cathedral regarding the choristers; wrote campaigning letters; and initiated legal proceedings. Her efforts resulted in reform and the establishment of a new choir school attached to St Paul's. She also formed a committee dedicated to the restoration of Crosby Hall, a medieval hall adjoining her house.
The Garrick Club was founded in 1831 ". . . for the general patronage of the Drama; for the purpose of combining the use of a club, on economical principles, with the advantages of a Literary society; for bringing together the supporters of the Drama; and for the formation of a Theatrical Library, with works on costume". Its first proper meeting took place on 15 October 1831 and its first permanent premises were Probatt's Hotel, 35 King Street, Covent Garden. In 1864, in need of further space, the Club moved to new purpose-built premises, just 200 yards away, in what came to be called Garrick Street.
Famous members connected with the theatre and literary world have included Thackeray, Dickens, Irving, J.M. Barrie and Kenneth Grahame. Today, its list of members continues to include actors, writers, publishers and media professionals as well as businessmen. The Garrick Club Library is an important source for the study of British theatre history and houses a large collection of play-texts, playbills and programmes. It also has a significant collection of theatrical paintings and drawings. For further information about the club, see Richard Hough, 'The Ace of Clubs, A History of the Garrick'.
The first theatre on the site of what is now the Royal Opera House was opened in 1732 by John Rich ([1682]-1761), the founder of modern pantomime. The auditorium was gutted and rebuilt in 1782, and again in 1792. The actor John Philip Kemble (1757-1823), became a shareholder in 1803 and acted there with his sister, Sarah Siddons (1755-1831). The child performer Master Betty (1791-1874), was a huge hit at Covent Garden after Kemble engaged him, and the great clown Joseph Grimaldi (1778-1837) made his name there. In 1808 the theatre burnt down, but re-opened in 1809. Kemble, by now the manager, increased ticket prices which provoked the 'O.P.' (Old Price) riots. During the first half of the 19th century, most of the famous actors of the day appeared there, including Edmund Kean and his son Charles. In 1856 the theatre was again destroyed by fire, and when it reopened in 1858, it became a home for opera, and seasonal pantomimes. In 1892, it became known as the Royal Opera House. In 1946, it became London's most prestigious ballet, as well as opera venue. Following a controversial grant of lottery funding in the mid-1990s, the theatre was rebuilt with vastly improved stage, technical and operating facilities, yet retaining and restoring the 1856 auditorium. It reopened in 1999 as one of the most up-to date opera houses in the world.
Archibald Edward Garrod was born on 25 November 1857 in London, the fourth and youngest son of Sir Alfred Baring Garrod, physician to King's College Hospital, London. Garrod was educated at Marlborough and Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied natural science and obtained a first class honours degree in 1880. He received his medical training at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, where he qualified MRCS in 1884. Garrod spent the winter of 1884-85 in Vienna in post-graduate study at the Allgemeines Krankenhaus, renowned for its excellent teaching. In 1885 he obtained his BM, MA, Oxford, and MRCP, London.
Upon returning from Vienna he became a house physician at St Bartholomew's. He also worked as physician to the Marylebone General Dispensary, and assistant physician to the West London Hospital. He became casualty physician at St Bartholomew's in 1889 and then assistant physician in 1903. He was elected Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1891. Garrod was in charge of the Children's Department at St Bartholomew's, with Dr Herbert Morley Fletcher, from 1904-10, and lectured on chemical pathology. He eventually became full physician there in 1912. Garrod also joined the visiting staff of Great Ormond Street Hospital, as elected assistant physician in 1892, becoming full physician there in 1899, and the Alexandra Hospital for Children with Hip Disease.
Garrod authored and contributed to a number of publications throughout his professional career. Whilst his earlier works were mainly of a clinical character, his later ones were of a biochemical nature. In 1886 he wrote An Introduction to the Use of the Laryngoscope (1886) and in 1890, based on his work at the West London Hospital, A Treatise on Rheumatism and Rheumatoid Arthritis (1890). In later years he drew a further distinction by classifying osteoarthritis separately (his father had previously differentiated rheumatoid arthritis from gout) in an article he contributed to Sir Thomas Clifford Albutt's System of Medicine (1907).
Garrod was one of those, alongside Sir William Osler, physician and medical educator, who was instrumental in forming the Association of the Physicians of Great Britain. Its purpose was to facilitate the publishing of a new type of medical journal, to record fundamental research that perhaps had no immediate clinical application. In 1907 then he joined the editorial board of the Quarterly Journal of Medicine, remaining on the board for twenty years, and contributing to the journal throughout his life. He also made contributions to the Journal of Pathology and the Proceedings of the Royal Society. He was co-editor of the first edition of Diseases of Children (1913), with F.E. Batten and Hugh Thursfield.
Garrod is best known however for his original work on chemical pathology, reported in scientific journals and in his lectures. Indeed the Croonian Lectures, entitled Inborn Errors of Metabolism', were delivered to the Royal College of Physicians in 1908, and a revised edition was subsequently published in 1909. This was arguably his most important work (Hart, 1949, p.164). Garrod wasa born investigator' (Munk's Roll, Vol. IV, p.348), and had begun his work on this subject up to ten years before the publication, carrying out extensive, original laboratory research. He had begun by researching urinary chemistry, which led to his investigating alkaptonuria, whereby passed urine turns black on standing. Garrod's break through was considering the possibility that the condition was caused by a metabolic error, and his research thus developed to investigating metabolism behind urinary abnormalities, and so the now established idea of the gene-enzyme-reaction sequence. He pointed to the idea of metabolic variation, what he called 'chemical individuality', and that essentially the information for producing specific enzymes in humans is inherited.
During the First World War Garrod left St Bartholomew's to serve on the staff of the 1st London General Hospital at Camberwell, and then, in 1915, he was promoted to the rank of temporary colonel in the Army Medical Service. He was sent to Malta where he was consulting physician to the Mediterranean forces until 1919. For his services during the war he was appointed CMG in 1916, and KCMG in 1918.
He returned to St Bartholomew's in 1919 where he was chosen to be the first director of the new Medical Unit. However before he had been in position for a year he was nominated Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford, succeeding Osler, where he remained for seven years. He was active in university affairs, being appointed a Statutory Commissioner for the University in 1922, and was a member of the Hebdomadal Council, the 21 members of which formed the governing body of the University. He was also appointed consulting physician at the Radcliffe Infirmary. Between 1923-28 Garrod was also a member of the Medical Research Council.
Garrod was honoured with many distinctions throughout his career. In 1910 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, of which he became Vice-President, 1926-28. He gave many eponymous lectures including the Lettsonian Lecture, given to the Medical Society of London in 1912, the Linacre Lecture at Cambridge in 1923, and in 1924 he addressed the Royal College of Physicians again, when he gave the Harveian Oration. At the Charing Cross Hospital he gave the Huxley Lecture on `Diathesis' in 1927, which was published in a fuller form as The Inborn Factors in Disease (1931). In 1931 he was elected honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. Abroad he was made honorary member of the American Association of Physicians, and of the Artzlicher Verein, Munich. He received honorary degrees from the universities of Aberdeen, Dublin, Glasgow, Malta, and Padua. In 1935, at the age of 78, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Society of Medicine.
Garrod married Laura Elisabeth Smith, eldest daughter of Sir Thomas Smith, surgeon to St Bartholomew's, in 1886. They had three sons and one daughter; all three sons died young, all in the course of the First World War, two in action and the other of influenzal pneumonia. After resigning his chair at Oxford, in 1927, he and his wife lived at Melton, Suffolk until 1930, and then in Cambridge, with his daughter, where he died after a short illness, on 28 March 1936.
Publications:
The Nebulae: A Fragment of Astronomical History (Oxford, 1882)
An Introduction to the Use of the Laryngoscope (1886)
A Treatise on Rheumatism and Rheumatoid Arthritis (1890)
A Handbook of Medical Pathology, for the Use of Students in the Museum of St Bartholomew's Hospital (1894), with Sir W.P. Herringham & W.J. Gow
A Treatise on Cholelithiasis, Bernhard Naunyn, translated by Garrod (London, 1896)
Clinical Diagnosis, Rudolf Von Jaksch, edited by Garrod (London, 5th ed., 1905)
Inborn Errors of Metabolism (1909)
Diseases of Children (1913), with F.E. Batten & Hugh Thursfield
The Inborn Factors of Disease (1931)
Papers for the Journal of Pathology and the Proceedings of the Royal Society
Publications by others about Garrod:
The Garrods, Caspar Rutz (Zurich, 1970)
Archibald Garrod and the Individuality of Man, Alexander Gordon Bearn (Oxford, 1993)
The Role of Nature and Nurture in Common Diseases: Garrod's Legacy, Sir David John Weatherall (London, 1992)
Jesse Robert Garrood MD, DPH (1874-1959), was a general practitioner in Alconbury Hill, Huntingdonshire, 1899-1958. He was Medical Officer of Health, Huntingdon Rural District, 1924-1958, and Public Vaccinator of Alconbury, Sawtry and The Giddings District.
According to a report in The Times (Tuesday, Sep 29, 1840; pg. 5; Issue 17475; col A), Reverend David Garrow of Monken Hadley died in 1805 aged 90 (see ACC/0820/001a-d). His son Sir William Garrow was born in April 1760 and pursued a legal career, serving as Solicitor and Attorney General to George IV. He was also MP for Callington and Eye. In 1817 he was nominated to a barony in the Exchequer. He retired in 1831 and died in 1840. He had one son, Reverend Dr David Wiliam Garrow who died in 1827, and one daughter, Eliza, who married Dr Lettsem of Camberwell.
Born, 1913; educated at Bradford Grammar School and the University of Leeds; Assistant Librarian, University of Leeds, 1937-1945; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; commissioned into the Intelligence Corps, 1941; service in North West Europe, 1944-1945; General Staff Officer 2 (Intelligence), Headquarters, 21 Army Group, British Liberation Army, Germany, 1945; Deputy Librarian, University College London, 1945-1958; General Staff Officer 2 (Intelligence), British Army of the Rhine, Germany, 1946; Member, Enemy Publications (Requirements) Committee (EPCOM), 1946-1948; Joint Honorary Secretary, University and Research Section of Library Association, 1948-1951; Commanding Officer, University of London Officer Training Corps, 1958-1963; Librarian, King's College London, 1958-1974; Chairman, Association of British Theological and Philosophical Libraries, 1961-1966; Trustee, Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London, 1963-1983; Honorary Secretary, Council of Military Education Committees of Universities of UK, 1966-1978; Secretary, National and University Libraries Section, International Federation of Library Associations, 1967-1968; Secretary, University Libraries Sub-Section, International Federation of Library Associations, 1967-1973; Member, University of London Committee on Library Resources, 1968-1971; Vice Chairman, British Theatre Museum Association, 1971-1977; Member, Council for National Academic Awards Librarianship Board, 1971-1981; Director of Central Library Services and Goldsmiths' Librarian, University of London, 1974-1978; Member, British Library Advisory Committee for Reference Division (Bloomsbury), 1975-1978; Honorary Keeper, Military Archives, King's College London, 1979-1983; Editor, LIBER Bulletin, 1980-1983; Fellow of King's College London, 1981; died, 1983. Publications: Library co-operation at a time of financial constraints (University of London Library Resources Co-ordinating Committee, London, 1981); Guide to the Library resources of the University of London (University of London Library Resources Co-ordinating Committee, London, 1983).
Hugo Frederick Garten: born Hugo Friedrich Königsgarten, Brünn, Moravia, Austria, 13 Apr 1904, into a Jewish family. Educated at a Gymnasium in Berlin, and the Universites of Jena (1923), Vienna (1923-1924), Berlin (1924-1926) and Heidelberg, where he obtained his doctorate in 1930; free-lance writer in Berlin, 1928-1933; moved to Vienna, 1933 and London, 1938; teacher at New College School, Oxford, 1940-1945, and member of staff of Die Zeitung, London, 1941-1944; DPhil, Oxford, 1944; taught modern languages at Westminster School, 1946-1965; Lecturer at the Universities of Surrey and London 1965-. He was a member of the International PEN Club, the English Goethe Society and the Gerhart Hauptmann-Gesellschaft.
Married Anne Leonard Smith, 1952, no children.
Taught Chemistry at Queen Mary College from 1948 to 1981.