Margherita Rendel (b 1928) studied history and law at the University of Cambridge and held posts in central and local government, including in Hertfordshire County Council and the Ministry of Labour and National Service, before combining teaching in further and adult education with research for a PhD thesis on 'The Administrative Functions of the French Conseil d'État' at the London School of Economics, which she completed in 1967. She was a lecturer in comparative government at the University of Exeter, 1960-1961 and in Sep 1964 was appointed as Lecturer in Educational Administration at the University of London Institute of Education. In Mar 1973 she was seconded to the Higher Education Department of the Institute and in 1975 became Research Lecturer in Human Rights and Education. In 1976 she qualified as a barrister. Her research interests focused around discrimination against women, especially in higher education, and the examination of this within a human rights framework, and she has published widely on these subjects. She was involved in many initiatives in these areas, presented evidence to parliamentary committees, served on various committees and was actively involved in wide range of national and international organisations including the Fabian Society and Labour Party, the Parliamentary All-Party Equal Rights Group, the Status of Women Committee, the Women's Group on Public Welfare, the Fawcett Society, the National Joint Committee of Working Women's Organisations, the Association of Tutors in Adult Education, the British Institute of Human Rights, the British Sociological Association, the International Political Science Association and the Royal Institute of Public Administration. After her retirement from the Institute she retained the title Reader Emerita in Human Rights and Education and has continued her research and writing.
R T Smith was an HMI in Wiltshire.
David Hylton Thomas was born in 1910 in Chester, where his father and grandfather had been superintendants of the Chester Industrial School. He was educated at grammar schools in Chester and Altrincham, and won a technological scholarship to university. As part of his course at the Manchester College of Technology (now UMIST), he undertook a nine-month probationary apprenticeship at the Metropolitan Vickers factory in Trafford Park. he graduated in eletrical engineering in 1933, specialising in light-current engineering; having won a further research scholarship, he took an MSc(Tech) for research on the synthesis of musical tone by photo-electrical means. Thomas also gained an external degree of the University of London during the war. In 1934, he returned to Metropolitan Vickers to complete his apprenticeship and then took up a research post there, working on high-vacuum problems and acoustics. In 1936 Thomas was awarded the Joseph Swan Scholarship by the Institute of Electrical Engineers, which enabled him to go to Germany to study under Professor Barkhausen. His study was cut short by the approach of World War Two, and he returned home after two semesters. Upon his return he was appointed Lecturer in electrical engineering at University College, Nottingham, 1938-1946, subsequently becoming senior lecturer and departmental head at the Nottingham and District Technical College, 1946-1947. In November 1947, Thomas became Head of the Electrical Engineering Department at the Rutherford College of Technology in Newcastle-upon-Tyne (later the Newcastle Polytechnic and the University of Northumbria), a post which he held until his retirement in 1975. He was also an active member of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, 1931-1999; and the Association of Teachers in Technical Institutions. He travelled to Chile and West Germany as an adviser on technical education, and published numerous books and articles on electronics and teaching methods. His other interests included music, including participation in the Northumberland Orchestra. He also invented a device for duplicating Braille simply and cheaply (The Anwell-Thomas Embosser), and founded a talking newspaper for the blind on Tyneside in 1976. In retirement, with a grant from the Nuffield Foundation, Thomas conducted extensive research into the history of the industrial school movement, publishing eight articles on individual schools.
Founded in 1904 as the Equal Pay League, part of the National Union of Teachers, in 1906 this organisation was re-named the National Federation of Women Teachers. In 1920 it it broke away to form an independent union, the National Union of Women Teachers. It was a feminist organisation and maintained close links with other groups and individuals in the women's movement. Its main aim was to obtain equal pay but it also interested itself in the wide range of issues affecting women teachers, including the marriage bar, maternity rights and family allowances. It was also concerned with education in its widest sense and took an interest in many issues such as class sizes, corporal punishment, the school leaving age, teacher training, and wider social and political debates such as capital punishment, the minimum wage and health policy. In 1961, when equal pay had been achieved, the Union was wound up.
In 1864, Louisa Makin (1836-1912) married Robert White (1825-1887). He had two surviving children by his first wife, Elizabeth (1827-1855), a daughter Fanny Alicia White (1853-1922 - later married to Dr Julian Willis) and a son Robert Hornby White (1850-1888). Robert and Louisa White had several children. After their first child, a son, was still-born in 1865, Louisa went on to have Mary Louisa (Louie) White (1866-1935); Lucy Winifred (Winnie) White (1869-1962); Jessie Gertrude (1871-[1941]; and Agnes Sarah (1873-1882). Winnie married Charles Henry Nicholls (1866-1938) in 1902. Their daughter, born after the death of a first child) was Agnes Margaret (Poppy) Nicholls (1907-1993). All three daughters were educated at Sheffield High School and worked as teachers.
Winnie Nicholls worked for two years for the London University matriculation, but gave up her studies when her father died. She worked as a private governess (1888-1892) and then as a staff and form mistress at Kensington High School (1892-1901). During this period she trained in elocution at the Guildhall School of Music, and between 1902 and 1917 she taught elocution and history of art at various local schools including St Margaret's, Harrow, Kensington High School, Putney High School, Croyden High School and Leinster House School. In 1916-1917 she founded and was Head of The Garden School, which was based on principles of love, freedom, brotherhood, cooperation and service. The school moved from London to Ballinger, Great Missenden in 1921, and in 1928 to Lane End, near High Wycombe, 'where open air and contact with great natural beauty played an important part in the lives of pupils and staff. While academic subjects were given their due importance in the curriculum, music, rhythmic movement, drama, art and handicrafts were considered equally essential. All forms of original expression were encouraged'. Winnie Nicholls retired in 1937, though the school continued for another 10 years. She was also heavily involved with the New Education Fellowship, which held conferences at the Garden School.
Mary Louisa (Louie) White worked as a music teacher. She was also a composer and pianist of some skill, and invented the 'Letterless Method' of teaching music to beginners.
Jessie Gertrude White appears to have been a music teacher.
Mrs Archer and her husband emigrated to South America in 1907 and lived in Argentina and Chile until they returned to England in 1945.
Balfour served as a Lieutenant on the Challenger expedition (1873-1875) and was Commander on HMS Penguin (1893-1896).
Captain A G Stigand was Resident Magistrate of Toteng, Ngamiland, administrator of the Batawana Reserve and the head of the Bechuanaland Protectorate Police in the region, 1910-1923. Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1910-1950 (resigned).
Born, 1914; teacher in Ipswich; became interested in Ipswich’s 18th century whaling trade; completed a comprehensive study of the Greenland and Davis Strait trade, 1740-1880; published numerous articles on the part played by the British navy in the exploration of the Northwest Passage and in particular the fate of Sir John Franklin and the subsequent attempts at his rescue; Head of the Department of Commerce and Business Studies, West Kent College, Tunbridge Wells; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1950-2002, died, 2002.
The Royal Geographical Society (RGS) was founded in 1830 as the Royal Geographical Society of London. Its aim was the advancement of Geographical Science. The Society was granted a Royal Charter by Queen Victoria in 1859. In 1995 the RGS merged with the Institute of British Geographers (IBG) to create the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers).
The Raleigh Traveller's Club was founded by Captain Arthur de Capell Broke and was the immediate forerunner of the Royal Geographical Society. The Raleigh Club was a dining club composed solely of travelers. The world was to be mapped out into divisions and each division should be represented by a member so the Club collectively should have visited nearly every part of the globe. The first meeting of the Club was held 7 Feb 1827. At a meeting of that club in 1830, The Geographical Society of London was formed, subsequently becoming the Royal Geographical Society. After the formation of the Geographical Society the Raleigh Club continued to flourish, becoming more and more closely connected to the Society until 1854 when the affiliation became complete and the Club was renamed the Geographical Club. The Geographical Club still exists at the time of writing and has kept close links with the RGS-IBG.
The Kosmos Club, now defunct, was another dining club connected to the Royal Geographical Society.
The Royal Geographical Society (RGS) was founded in 1830 as the Royal Geographical Society of London. Its aim was the advancement of Geographical Science. The Society was granted a Royal Charter by Queen Victoria in 1859. In 1995 the RGS merged with the Institute of British Geographers (IBG) to create the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers).
The Royal Geographical Society was based in 21 Regent Street, 1830-1839; 3 Waterloo Place, 1839-1854; 15 Whitehall Place, 1854-1870; 1 Saville Row, 1870-1913; and its present home in Lowther Lodge , Kensington Gore in 1913.
In 1887 the President first suggested to the Council that women may be allowed to become members of the Royal Geographical Society, however the subject was soon dropped. Two years later a Fellow revived the question but it was again refused. In 1892 the Scottish Geographical Society, which had allowed female members and fellows since its inception, established a branch in London - this was a rival to the Royal Geographical Society and as a result they granted access to their meetings to members of all British geographical societies. That a woman should have rights in the RGS by belonging to another body was an anomaly, and on 4 Jul 1892 the President moved in the Council that women should be eligible for Fellowship. This was carried at once and almost unanimously. However there were dissenters among the Fellows and on 24 April 1893 the decision to allow female Fellows was reversed, although the 22 women who had already been made Fellows were retained. This provoked controversy among the Fellows and another Special General Meeting was held in July, but the proposal for women Fellows was again lost. It was not until a Special General Meeting on 15 Jan 1913 that women were again admitted as Fellows.
The first evening meeting of the Royal Geographical Society was held 8 Nov 1830. The meetings were held on a Monday evening and were a chance for members and Fellows to meet and to read papers. The principal papers read at the evening meetings were published in the RGS Journal. The evening meetings are still held to the time of writing and are now called the 'Monday night lectures'.
Born 1884; educated, Clifton and Sandhurst; served in 32 Sikh Pioneers; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (Life Member), 1907-1940; Indian Political Department, 1909; British Commissioner on the Turco-Persian Boundary Commission, 1914; political officer with Indian Expeditionary Force, Mesopotamia; Deputy Civil Commissioner, 1916; Acting Civil Commissioner and Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, 1918-1920; Anglo-Persian oil company, 1920-1932; MP, 1933; Pilot Officer in the RAF, Oct 1939; died in action, Nov 1940.
Publications:
The Persian Gulf, by Sir Arnold Talbot Wilson, (Oxford, Clarendan Press, 1928).
Born, 1892; educated privately; Trinity College, Cambridge, PhD; Civil Service, 1908-1914; served with the North Somerset Yeomanry in Belgium, 1914-1915; Somerset Light Infantry in Mesopotamia (Iraq), 1916-1918; Assistant Political Officer in Mesopotamia, 1918-1922; Assistant British Representative in Trans-Jordan (Jordan), 1922-1924; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1920-1950; Finance Minister and Wazir to the Sultan of Muscat and Oman (Oman), 1925-1932. During this time he made a number of expeditions into the desert, becoming the first European to cross the Rub' Al Khali (Empty Quarter), 1930-1931; RGS Founder's Medal, 1931; Information Officer in Bahrain, 1942-1943; Director of the Middle East Centre for Arab Studies, Palestine, 1943-1946, and Lebanon, 1947-1948; adviser to Shell Group, 1948-1949; died, 1950.
Born, 1833; commissioned into the Royal Engineers, Gordon was wounded in the Crimea; he demarcated the Russian/Turkish frontiers and served in China from 1860-1865 as Commander of an imperial army; Governor General of the Sudan for the Khedive of Egypt, 1877-1880; sent back to the Sudan in 1884, he was killed when Khartoum fell to the Mahdi's forces, 1885.
Born in 1874; House Surgeon and House Physician at Charing Cross Hospital, London, 1897-1898; entered Indian Medical Service, 1899; Medical Officer 2nd Queen's Own Rajput Light Infantry, 1899-1907; served in China, 1900-1902; Capt, 1902; served in Somaliland Field Force, 1903-1904; Staff Surgeon, Bangalore, 1908-1912; Maj, 1910; served in Balkan War, 1912-1913; Deputy Assistant Director of Medical Services, 1 Indian Cavalry Div, 1914-1916; Medical Officer, 11 King Edward's Own Lancers, 1916-1917; Lt Col, 1918; Assistant Director of Medical Services, Wazaristan Field Force, 1919-1920; Assistant Director of Medical Services, Wana Column, 1920-1921; Assistant Director of Medical Services, Razmak Field Force, 1922-1923; Director of Medical Organisation for War, Army HQ, 1924-1925; Col, 1925; Maj-Gen, 1928; Deputy Director of Medical Services, Eastern Command, 1928-1932; Honorary Surgeon to the King, 1928-1932; died in 1958.
Born Dublin, 1844; educated Trinity College Dublin and Royal Military Academy Woolwich; Royal Engineers, 1866; served in Sudan under General Charles Gordon, 1874-1875; War Office, 1875-1878; India Office, 1880-1882; led advance on Cairo after Battle of Tell al-Kebir, 1882; served in Egyptian Army, 1882-1886; assistant Inspector General of Fortifications, 1891; retired 1902; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1875-1916; knighted, 1905; died, London, 1916.
Born, 1813; studied medicine at Edinburgh, 1829; licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, 1833; surgeon of the Hudson's Bay Company's ship Prince of Wales, Jun 1833; surgeon at Moose Factory, the company post on James Bay, 1834-1844; lead an expedition to complete the survey of the northern coastline of North America, 1844-1847; chief trader, 1847; joined Sir John Richardson to search for Sir John Franklin, 1848-1849; chief factor, 1850; resumed the search for Franklin at the Admiralty's request, 1851; founder's gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1852; Fellow of the RGS, 1853-1893; led expedition to complete the survey of the north coast of America along the west coast of the Boothia peninsula, 1853-1854 - on this expedition he was the first to hear news of Franklin's fate; retired, 1856; served on the Council of the RGS on four occasions; died, 1893.
Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.
Born Aberdeen 1843; educated Dollar Academy and Marischal College Aberdeen; left university prematurely to take up watchmaking apprenticeship aged 17; took up astronomy 1863; visted Pulkovo Observatory, St Petersburg and Germany, 1873; observed Transit of Venus in Mauritius, 1874-1976; visited Ascension to observe Mars, 1876; Her Majesty's Astronomer at Cape of Good Hope, 1879-1907; pioneered photography in astronomy especially from 1882 resulting in the publication of the magnitudes and positions of more than 455,000 stars; organised geodetic survey of South Africa, largely completed by 1897; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1883; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1890-1914; died 1914.
Educated Somerville College, Oxford and Swanley Horticultural College; travelled to Egypt, 1892; went to India including Kashmir; Women's War Service, 1914-1918; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1919-1950; visited the Canaries and West Africa, c 1938; also travelled in Europe, North and South America, Australia and New Zealand, South East Asia and the Middle East; died, 1950.
Publications: Some Wild Flowers of Kashmir (1903)
Some Letters and Records of the Noel Family (1910)
Ethel Gertrude Woods was born 1865; educated, Newham College, Cambridge, 1891; research studentship in Munich; science teacher, 1898-1910; worked in the Censorship Department during World War One; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1927-1939; died 1939.
John Balleny was the English captain of a whaling schooner, the ELIZA SCOTT, who led an commercial voyage of discovery, hoping to find new lands and sealing grounds for the English whaling firm Enderby Brothers to the Antarctic in 1838-1839. Balleny, sailing in company with Thomas Freeman and the SABRINA, sailed into the Southern Ocean along a corridor of longitude centering on the line of 175°E., south of New Zealand. During their voyage they discovered the Balleny Islands, Feb 1839, and caught a brief sight of Antarctica itself at 64°58'S., 121°08'E.
John Balleny was born c 1770; may have been a Londoner, brought up in the Newcastle coal trade; from 1798, he is occasionally recorded in the coasting, home, and foreign trades as master of various vessels; master of the ELIZA SCOTT, 1838; died in or after 1842.
Eric Marshall was surgeon and cartographer on Ernest Shackleton's British Antarctic Expedition 1907-1909, he was one of the party of four who reached Furthest South on 9 Jan 1909.
Born, 1840; wood engraver until 1860; produced a series of commissioned alpine scenery sketches, 1860; Alpine climber, 1861-1865, including the first ascent of the Matterhorn, 1865; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1865-1911; expeditions to Greenland to study Arctic travel and ice phenomena, 1867 and 1872; expedition to the Andes, 1880; expeditions in the Canadian Rockies, early 1900s; died 1911.
Born, 1895; formally educated at Eton College and, for a year, at Balliol College, Oxford, which he left in Sep 1914 to join the Royal Field Artillery; served in France, 1914-1915; seconded to intelligence duties in Italy, 1916; staff officer in the Middle East and served in Libya, Sinai, Egypt, Palestine, and Syria; staff captain, Arab bureau, Damascus; joined the diplomatic service, 1919-1924; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1921-1978; journey in the southern Sahara, 1922; worked on the Stock Exchange, 1926-1929; journey in the southern Sahara, 1927; RGS's Cuthbert Peek award, 1927; RGS founder's medal, 1929; Bank of England, 1929-1932, (two years of which he was seconded to the Bank for International Settlements at Basel); merchant bank Morgan, Grenfell and Co.,1933-1967; Ministry of Economic Warfare, 1939; civil affairs administration, for the Middle East, east Africa, and Italy, 1942; President of the RGS, 1945-1948; member of the board of the British Overseas Airways Corporation, 1954-1965; RGS Honorary Member, 1971; died, 1978.
Unknown
Gertrude Caton-Thompson was born in London on 1 February 1888; educated privately and at the Links School, Eastbourne; employed by the Ministry of Shipping and promoted to a senior secretarial post in which she attended the Paris peace conference, 1917. She declined a permanent appointment in the civil service, and in 1921, aged thirty-three and with none of the usual qualifications, began archaeological studies under the Egyptologist Flinders Petrie at University College, London, joining his excavations at Abydos in Upper Egypt that winter. Caton-Thompson spent the next year at Newnham College; returned to Egypt in 1924 and joined Petrie and Guy Brunton at Qau el Kibir. While they concentrated their excavations on predynastic cemeteries she had concluded, well ahead of her time, that settlement sites would be more informative, embarking on her own excavations on the site of a predynastic village at Hamamiyyah, she made the first discovery of remains of the very early Badarian civilization.
In 1925 Caton-Thompson travelled to north-western Egypt and the desert margins of Lake El Faiyûm, accompanied by the Oxford geologist Elinor Gardner, to assist in an attempt to correlate lake levels with archaeological stratification discovering two unknown neolithic cultures which proved later to be related to the Khartoum neolithic. In 1929 Caton-Thompson received an invitation from the British Association for the Advancement of Science to investigate the great monumental ruins at Zimbabwe in southern Africa; confirmed the conclusion reached by David Randall-MacIver in 1905 that they belonged to an indigenous African culture and were not, as widely believed, of oriental origin and was also able to date the ruins back to the eighth or ninth century AD and to produce evidence of Zimbabwe's links with Indian Ocean trade.
Caton-Thompson's last excavations, in 1937, were at al-Huraydah in the Hadhramaut, southern Arabia, where she excavated the Moon Temple and tombs of the fifth and fourth centuries BC. They were the first scientific excavations in southern Arabia. Caton-Thompson retired from fieldwork after the World War Two and from her home in Cambridge pursued her research activities and visited excavations in east Africa. In 1961, she became a founding member of the British School of History and Archaeology in East Africa (later the British Institute in Eastern Africa), served on its council for ten years, and was later elected an honorary member. She received an honorary fellowship of Newnham College, Cambridge, and an honorary LittD (1954); Fellow of Royal Geographical Society 1934-1939; Fellow of the British Academy in 1944 and a Fellow of University College, London. She died on 18 April 1985.
Born 1883; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1914-1963; qualified as a surveyor, 1911; Second in Command of the Boundary Commission set up by the Bolivian Government to establish the boundary between Bolivia, Peru and Brazil, 1912; took command of the Commission, 1914; government service in Tanzania, 1920; government service in Uganda, his surveys included the Western Ugandan Railway and the Wilson Dam; died 1963.
Born, 1849; educated, King Edwards School, Birmingham; missionary work for the Baptist Missionary Society, Kamerun, 1878; transferred to the Congo; founded the station in Manyanga, 1882; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1882-1906; explored the Congo river; Royal Geographical Society Patrons medal, 1887; died, 1906.
Born, 1836; Professor of Surgery at Lahore University; Superintendant of Central Jail, Lahore; medical officer and scientist, political mission to Yarkand under Sir Douglas Forsyth, 1870; Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens and Professor of Botany, Calcutta University; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1871-1929, made a Life Fellow in 1871; died, 1929.
Geoffrey Pratt was a geophysicist on the 1955-1958 Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition team.
Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell was born at Washington Hall, County Durham, on 14 July 1868; educated at Queen's College, Harley Street, London, a leading girls' school, and at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, which she entered in April 1886 and after only two years, she gained a first in modern history in 1888. After completing her studies, Bell was sent by her family on a European tour, staying in Bucharest during 1888-1889; visited Constantinople early in 1889, returning to England later that year. The following three years were divided between the family home in Redcar and London. Bell later visited Persia in 1892 and on her return to England she was persuaded to publish, anonymously, a series of her travel sketches adapted from her letters, Safar Nameh, Persian Pictures (1894). During the 1890s Bell undertook travels to France, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. In the summers of 1899-1904, with the brothers Ulrich and Heinrich Fuhrer as guides, she undertook a series of expeditions in the Alps, tacking the Meije in August 1899 and Mont Blanc in the following summer. She became attracted to travelling in the East and including visits to Syria and Jerusalem and began publishing her accounts of her journeys. She undertook many expeditions including a number with archaeologist, Sir William Ramsay.
Bell was elected a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society in June 1913 soon after membership was opened to women. In Basrah in June 1916 she joined the staff of Sir Percy Cox, chief political officer with the expeditionary force, and was appointed assistant political officer, the only woman to hold formal rank within the force. Early in 1916 Bell was summoned to India and asked by Lord Hardinge to proceed to Basrah on a liaison mission as the viceroy's personal envoy in order to assess the effects of the Arab Bureau's schemes, whose approach differed from the India Office's imperial policy. After the capture of Baghdad from the Turks by Lieutenant-General Sir Stanley Maude in March 1917, Bell continued to act as Cox's right hand in the civil administration of Mesopotamia, as his oriental secretary in charge of daily contacts with the population. Sir Percy Cox became British high commissioner in October 1920 and enhanced the role for Bell as oriental secretary, a position she held under him and his successor until her death. Gertrude Bell's position in Iraq was eroded after Iraq's new constitution (1924) and administrative structures replaced the old, colonial order. She was often at odds with Cox's successor, Sir Henry Dobbs.
In 1917 she was appointed CBE; became a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1913-1926 and received the RGS Founders Medal 1918. Bell died in Baghdad, July 1926 and was buried on the evening of the 12th in the British military cemetery there.
Gerald Roe Crone was born in Willesden on 16 September 1899; educated at Kilburn Grammar School, 1910-1917 and St John's College, Cambridge, graduating in history. Crone spent one year working at Trinity College Library before beginning work at the Royal Geographical Society from 1923. He was proposed for a Fellowship by the Librarian Edward Heawood in 1934, and during World War Two it was Crone who largely facilitated the continued running of the Society. Crone was appointed Librarian and Map Curator in 1945; received the Murchison Grant in 1954 and was presented with the Victoria Medal in 1966 for 'outstanding contributions ... to the history of cartography and to the history of geographical thought'. He was a member of the International Geographical Union's Commission on Ancient Maps and played a significant role in Imago Mundi. Crowe died 6 October 1982.
Baptised, 1831; Royal Naval School, New Cross; entered the Royal Navy, 1845; midshipman in HMS CANOPUS; joined the HAVANNAH on the Australian station, 1848-1851; mate on HMS RESOLUTE, part of the Franklin search expedition under Sir Edward Belcher, 1852-1854; returned to England, 1854; served for two years in the Mediterranean in the CONQUEROR; joined the staff of the training ship ILLUSTRIOUS, 1858; joined the BRITANNIA, 1859; commander of the training ship BOSCAWEN, 1863; appointment to the paddle steamer SALAMANDER on the east coast of Australia, 1865; commander of the NEWPORT for hydrographical work in the Mediterranean, which included a survey of the Gulf of Suez via the Suez Canal, 1868; further hydrographical work in the SHEARWATER, 1871-1872; captain of HMS CHALLENGER, on a voyage of circumnavigation devoted to oceanographic exploration, 1872-1874; led the British Arctic expedition of 1875-1876, in the vessels ALBERT and DISCOVERY; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society , 1875; RGS Founder's medal, 1877; command of the ALERT during the survey of the Strait of Magellan, 1878; harbour department of the Board of Trade, 1879-1896; retired from active service, 1886; died, 1915.
Publications: The Naval Cadet's Guide (1860)
A Voyage to the Polar Sea (1878).
Awarded the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS) in 1870 for his journey in Eastern Turkistan. On a second expedition to Gilgit and Yassin financed by the RGS he was murdered at Gilgit, 1870.
Born, 1810; entered for the East India Company's service and set out for India, 1827; engaged in reorganising the Persian army, 1833-1839; undertook tours in Susiana and Persian Kurdistan; awarded the gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1839; returned to India and was appointed assistant to Sir W. Macnaughton in Afghanistan; political agent for lower Afghanistan, 1842; political agent of the East India Company in Turkish Arabia, 1843; consul in Baghdad, 1844; Fellow of the RGS 1844-1895; RGS Council Member from 1850; Vice-President of the RGS, 1864, 1871, 1872, 1874, and 1875; Conservative MP for Reigate, 1858; MP for Frome, 1865-1868; member of the newly created Council of India, 1858; minister to Persia; died, 1895.
Born, 1858; Studied as an artist and zoologist; explored Central Africa 1882-1884; became British Consul in Cameroon and then Mozambique; British Commissioner for South Central Africa; KCB 1896; retired 1901; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1883-1927; RGS Founder's Medal 1904; Council Member and Vice President; died, 1927.
Born, 1806; educated for the evangelical ministry; joined the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society on its foundation, 1839 and helped to direct the attention of the Society to the hitherto neglected trans-Saharan and Mediterranean slave trade; undertook two missions in North Africa and the Sahara to gather information and statistics on slavery for the Anti-Slavery Society, 1842-1846; died on a third expedition to explore Lake Chad, 1851.
Born, 1783; tutored in Edinburgh; oversaw the family's sugar plantation at Berbice, Guiana, 1799-1811; sailed for India, 1813 where he sketched the scenery of the Himalayas and toured the region seeking the sources of the rivers Jumna and Ganges; crossed India via Delhi and Rajputana to Bombay, sketching and gathering geological information, 1820; travelled from Bombay to London via Bushehr, Shiraz, Esfahan, Tehran, Mashhad, Tabriz, and Tiflis, 1821-1823; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1838-1852; sent by the Foreign Office to report on Russian influence in Persia, 1833-1836; died, 1856.
Publications:
Views in the Himala Mountains
Views of Calcutta and its Environs
Narrative of a Journey into Khorasan in the Years 1821 and 1822 (1825)
Travels and Adventures in the Persian Provinces of the Southern Banks of the Caspian Sea (1826)
The Kuzzilbash, a Tale of Khorasan (1828)
The Persian Adventurer (1830)
The Highland Smugglers (1832)
Tales of the Caravanserai (1833)
Allee Neemro, the Buchtiaree Adventurer (1842)
The Dark Falcon (1844).
Military Memoir of Lieut. Col. James Skinner
Survey of India, -1880; Director General of the Siamese Government surveys, [1880]-1901; Royal Geographical Society Instructor, 1901-; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1883-.
The Royal Geographical Society (RGS) was founded in 1830 as the Royal Geographical Society of London. Its aim was the advancement of Geographical Science. The Society was granted a Royal Charter by Queen Victoria in 1859. In 1995 the RGS merged with the Institute of British Geographers (IBG) to create the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers). Since 1831 the Society has published a Journal, initially containing the principal papers read at the Society's evening meetings and abstracts of Geographical works published elsewhere, it is now a refereed academic publication. The journal has appeared under various titles: Journal of the RGS (JRGS) 1831-1880; Proceedings of the RGS (PRGS) 1857-1878; Proceedings of the RGS (New Series) (PRGS (NS)) 1879-1892; Supplementary Papers (1882-1893); and the Geographical Journal (GJ) 1893 onwards. At first edited by the Secretary of the Society, the preparation and editing of these journals is currently carried out by the Geographical Journal Office.
The Royal Geographical Society (RGS) was founded in 1830 as the Royal Geographical Society of London. Its aim was the advancement of Geographical Science. The Society was granted a Royal Charter by Queen Victoria in 1859. In 1995 the RGS merged with the Institute of British Geographers (IBG) to create the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers). Since 1831 the Society has published a Journal, initially containing the principal papers read at the Society's evening meetings and abstracts of Geographical works published elsewhere, it is now a refereed academic publication. The journal has appeared under various titles: Journal of the RGS (JRGS) 1831-1880; Proceedings of the RGS (PRGS) 1857-1878; Proceedings of the RGS (New Series) (PRGS (NS)) 1879-1892; Supplementary Papers (1882-1893); and the Geographical Journal (GJ) 1893 onwards. At first edited by the Secretary of the Society, the preparation and editing of these journals is currently carried out by the Geographical Journal Office.
Born, 1817; sheriff of Waterford, 1844; served in the Waterford militia; hunting expedition among the native people of western and north-western America, 1847; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1856-1867; led expedition in Canada to trace the course of the Southern Saskatchewan, evaluate the region for settlement, and exploring the Rockies for a southerly pass to British Columbia, 1857-1860; patron's gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society, 1859; died, 1887.
Publications: Adventures of a Hunter in the Prairies (1853)
Joseph S Kellet Smith was a surgeon who was attached to an expedition lead by R I Money in the country west of Lake Nyasa, [Malawi], 1875.
Sir Keith Alexander Jackson 2nd Baronet, was of the 4th Light Dragoons. He died in Caubul in 1843. He was married to Amelia née Waddell and their children included Sir Mountstuart Goodricke Jackson, 3rd Baronet (1836-1857) and Sir Keith George Jackson, 4th Baronet (1842-1916).
Born, 1887; military education at Cheltenham and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; joined the Royal Engineers; joined the Survey of India, 1909; served in First World War; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1911-1976; RGS Cuthbert Peek Grant 1926; RGS Founder's Medal 1927; Chair of Geography, Oxford University, 1932-1953; RGS Council member 1932-1942 and 1952-1954; Acting RGS President, 1937; died, 1976.