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The Pensions Policy Institute is an educational charity set up in 1997 to carry out expert independent research and analysis on UK pension policy. It is non-political, and provides high quality, independent information and analysis to inform government decision makers and advisors, pension providers, employers, unions and the wider public. Its aim is to be an authoritative voice on pensions policy and retirement income provision in the UK. It produces a series of briefing notes and reports, and also produces responses and submissions to Government enquiries and consultations.

The organisation is a company limited by guarantee and a registered charity, which is based at King's College, Drury Lane, London.

Source of information: http://www.pensionspolicyinstitute.org.uk [accessed 6 Jun 2011].

The Pensions Management Institute (PMI), based at Artillery Lane in the City of London, is a professional membership institute providing educational services for those working in the pensions industry. It offers a set of qualifications for pension managers and trustees, training and support services for its members, as well as running two Conferences and producing a number of publications, including PMI News, PMI Technical News and Pensions Terminology. It also produces responses to Government consultative papers, although it is not a lobbying organisation.

Established as the Institute of Pensions Administration in 1975, the Institute was initially sponsored by four pensions industry representative bodies (the National Association of Pension Funds, the Society of Pension Consultants, the Life Offices' Association and the Association of Consulting Actuaries) who each provided four representatives to sit on the Institute's Council. The Institute was incorporated as the Pensions Management Institute in 1976.

The Institute was initially run by a Council and four committees: Constitution and Membership, Education, Public Relations and Finance and Services. Nowadays the Institute is managed by a Board, made up of the President, two Vice Presidents, the Chief Executive and Financial Director. The Advisory Council advise the Board on the strategic direction of the Institute and provide technical input and expertise on industry issues. The Council is now made up of 16 fellows, elected by the members of the Institute. There are also four governance committees - Education, Finance, Membership and Commercial Development - and a number of other committees overseeing the Institute's work.

The Institute's President serves a two year term, and chairs the Institute's Examiner's Liaison, Officers and Disciplinary Committees as well as sitting on the Board and Council. In 2002 a Management Committee was introduced, answering to the Council and chaired by the President. The Management Committee includes three members of the Council and four senior Secretariat members.

The day to day running of the Institute is carried out by staff in eight departments - membership, qualifications, commercial development, finance, central office support, business development, professional standards and IT - overseen by the Chief Executive. This replaced the Secretary General position in 2005.

The Institute's members are divided between various grades of membership: elected fellows, associate, diploma, certificate, student and affiliate. The associate, diploma and certificate memberships are dependent on qualifications. The Institute also operates a network of eight Regional Groups across the UK and a Trustee Group to support individual trustees and Trustee Boards. The Institute sponsors the Association of Professional Pension Trustees (formerly the Independent Pension Trustee Group), a network established in 2003 which aims to 'encourage and promote the highest professional standards in those who practise as professional pension trustees' and 'promote the role of professional trustees'.

The Pensions Management Institute is the holding company for PMI Services Limited, originally Armagret Limited, a service company for the Institute. Another registered company, PMI Trustee Limited, is trustee for the Institute's staff pension scheme.

The idea of establishing a Pensions Archive was first raised by Alan Herbert in 2001, after his attendance at a reception to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Edis Partnerships Limited led him to reflect on the long period over which pension provision had been developed and the need to capture the story for future generations in view of the changes taking place.

In 2002, after taking further soundings across a number of people in the pensions field with a view to progressing such a project, The Pensions Archive Trust Steering Committee was established, and the Trust itself was constituted as a registered company, limited by guarantee in 2005. Alan Herbert became the first chair of The Pensions Archive Trust (PAT).

Initially the possibility of setting up an independent archive within the City University, London, was explored but in August 2006 discussions began with the London Metropolitan Archives (LMA) to establish a partnership in which the PAT collections would be held at LMA and managed by an Archivist funded by PAT. A Joint Liaison Committee of representatives from PAT and LMA was established to plan programmes for the Pensions Archive and to set and monitor the work of the Archivist. The first archival collections were acquired at LMA in April 2007, and the Trust gained charitable status in February 2008.

Source of information: http://www.pensionsarchive.org/44/ [accessed 8 August 2011].

Born in London, 11 June 1898; educated at the Downs School, Colwall and Leighton Park School, Reading; member of the Society of Friends; joined Friends' Ambulance Unit, 1917; served in France, 1918; read mathematics at St John's College, Cambridge, 1919; awarded degree of Moral Sciences Tripos, 1921; medical course at St Thomas's Hospital, London, 1928; MD, 1930; Research Director at the Royal Eastern Counties' Institution, Colchester, 1930; published the 'Colchester Survey', a detailed account of mentally defective patients and their families, 1938; Director of Psychiatric Research, Ontario, Canada, 1939-1945; returned to England, 1945; appointed to Francis Galton Chair of Eugenics (later renamed the Galton Chair of Human Genetics), University College London, 1945-1965; also appointed Consultant Geneticist, University College Hospital; edited Annals of Human Genetics, 1945-1965; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1953; Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, 1962; set up the Kennedy-Galton Centre for Mental Deficiency Research and Diagnosis at Harperbury Hospital, near St Albans, on his retirement; Fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1971; died, 12 May 1972. Publications: Mental defect (Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1933); The influence of heredity on disease (H K Lewis & Co, London, 1934); A clinical and genetic study of 1280 cases of mental defect (HMSO, London, 1938); The biology of mental defect (Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1949); On the objective study of crowd behaviour (H K Lewis & Co, London, 1952); Heredity and environment in human affairs (National Children's Home, London, 1955); Outline of human genetics (Heinemann, London, 1959); editor of Recent advances in human genetics with Helen Lang Brown (J & A Churchill, London, 1961); Mathematical tables for research workers in human genetics with S Maynard-Smith and C A B Smith (J & A Churchill, London, 1961); Down's anomaly with G F Smith (J & A Churchill, London, 1966); various scientific articles.

Edward Austin Penny was a student at Guy's Hospital Medical School. Awarded MRCS LRCP, London 1910, MB BS London 1911, DTM&H London, 1926, Lt-Col Indian Medical Service (retired).
Louis Albert (John) Dunn (1858-1918) was Surgeon, Guy's Hospital, 1894-1918; Consulting Surgeon to the East London Children's Hospital; Consulting Surgeon Children's Hospital Plaistow; Member of Court of Examiners, Royal College of Surgeons; Examiner in Surgery at Cambridge University

Wyndham Hewitt Limited was registered as a public company on May 1 1936. It was formed by Lagonda Motors and Close Bros. Limited for the manufacture of aircraft components. Wyndham Hewitt took over a section of the Lagonda works at Staines for this purpose. Mr Wyndham Hewitt was the first managing director of the company. He was formerly assistant chief engineer of Imperial Airways.

In 1944 Wyndham Hewitt Ltd merged with Lagonda Motors Limited, to form a single company known as Lagonda Limited.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Born, 1909; educated at Technical School, Sheerness; Royal College of Science, Imperial College (BSc); University of Wisconsin (MA), 1931-1933; Senior Student of 1851 Exhibition, Trinity College Cambridge, 1933-1936; PhD (Cambridge), DSc (London), 1935; Stokes Student of Pembroke College, 1936; Assistant Professor of Mathematics, Imperial College, 1936-1945; scientific work for Ministry of Home Security and Admiralty, 1940-1944; Principal Scientific Officer, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, at Los Alamos Laboratory, New Mexico, 1944-1945; Chief Superintendent, Armament Research, Ministry of Supply, 1946-1952; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1946; OBE, 1946; Knighted, 1952; Director, Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston, 1953-1959; Member for Weapons R&D, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, 1954-1959; Treasurer, Royal Society, 1956-1960, Vice-President, 1957-1960; Member for Research, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, 1959-1961, Deputy Chairman, 1961-1964, Chairman, 1964-1967; Rumford Medal, Royal Society, 1966; created Baron Penney of East Hendred, Berkshire, 1967; Rector, Imperial College, 1967-1973; Director: Tube Investments, 1968-1979, Standard Telephones and Cables, 1971-1983; Glazebrook Medal and Prize, 1969; Kelvin Gold Medal, 1971; died, 1991.
Publications: include: The Quantum Theory of Valency (London, 1935); Accident at Windscale No 1 Pile on 10th October, 1957 [Report of the Committee of Inquiry. Chairman, Sir William Penney] (London, 1957); articles in scientific journals on theory of molecular structure.

Born, 1882; educated Exeter School; joined the Royal Navy as a cadet in HMS BRITANNIA, 1898; went to sea as midshipman, 1899 and by 1903, had been promoted to lieutenant; commanded the TERRA NOVA for Robert Falcon Scott's British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-1913; in addition to his duties as navigator, Pennell was responsible for conducting magnetic observations; also assisted Edward Wilson and Dennis Lillie in their studies of birds and whales; discovered and named Oates Land, 1911; promoted to the rank of commander after the expedition, 1913; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1914-1916; appointed to the battle cruiser QUEEN MARY, 1914-1916; lost with his ship at the Battle of Jutland, 1916.

Publications: 'Voyages of the Terra Nova' by Edward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans and Harry Lewin Lee Pennell in, Scott's last expedition volume 2 (Smith, Elder & Co. London, 1913).

See sub-fonds level descriptions for individual biographies.

Penn served under the Commonwealth in the Irish Fleet. He then went to the Mediterranean in the CENTURION and FAIRFAX, 1650 to 1651, before becoming First Captain of the TRIUMPH. During 1652 and 1653 he was Vice-Admiral of the Fleet under General Robert Blake during the First Dutch War. The following year he was appointed General and Commander-in-Chief of the Fleet, in the SWIFTSUR, for the expedition to capture HISPANIOLA, returning home in 1655. During the Second Dutch War, Penn was appointed to the ROYAL CHARLES, the Duke of York's flagship, in a capacity similar to that of 'Captain of the Fleet'. He served at the Navy Board as a Commissioner between 1660 and 1663, influencing the tactical instructions and drawing up the code long-known as the 'Duke of York's Sailing and Fighting Instructions'. See Granville Penn, Memorials of the professional life and times of Sir William Penn. From 1644 to 1670 (London, 1833, 2 vols).

Members of the Penhall family mentioned in the documents include John Penhall of St John's Wood, gentleman; John Penhall of Soho, wine merchant; John Thomas Penhall of Sussex, surgeon; John Thomas Penhall of Worcestershire, medical doctor; and William Penhall of Brighton, gentleman.

Thomas Pengelly (d [1696]) was a merchant trading to the eastern Mediterranean. He is likely to be the same Thomas Pengelly, merchant, recorded as living at the following addresses: the Pestle and Mortar, Fenchurch Street, c 1664-1665; Bishopsgate, 1669-1670; and Moorfields, 1674.

William Pengelly FRS (1812-1894) and Edward Vivian were superintendents of exploration at Kent's Cavern near Torquay in Devon.

The Pembroke College Mission was established by the Cambridge college of the same name in 1885. The mission was assigned a parish and a permanent church was constructed in 1908; the church was dedicated to Saint Christopher.

Pembroke and Pembroke are financial recruitment consultants based on Clerkenwell Green, London.

George Herbert Pember became a member of the London Stock Exchange in December 1867 and Cecil William Boyle in March 1876. They formed the partnership of Pember and Boyle, stock and sharebrokers in 1879 at 62 and 63 Cornhill. The firm remained at this address until 1885 and subseqently had offices at 63 Cornhill in 1886; 24 Lombard Street, 1887-1901; 18 Cornhill, 1902-15; 6 Princes Street, 1916- 70; St. Albans House, Goldsmith Street, 1971-77; and 30 Finsbury Circus, 1978-86. The firm dealt mainly in gilt-edged securities. It was acquired in October 1984 by Morgan Grenfell and Company.

Pellew entered the Navy in 1770. He became a lieutenant in 1778, a commander in 1780, a captain in 1782. In 1795 commanded a frigate squadron in the INDEFATIGABLE in the Channel. From 1802 to 1804 he was Member of Parliament for Barnstaple. Promoted to Rear-Admiral in 1804, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, East Indies, with his flag in the CULLODEN and remained there for five years. In 1808 he became a Vice-Admiral and held the North Sea command from 1810 until 1811, when he was appointed to the Mediterranean with the CALEDONIA as his flagship. He was promoted to Admiral in 1814 and went again to the Mediterranean in 1815. In the next year he was ordered to suppress the Moorish pirates who operated from Tripoli, Tunis and Algiers. Pellew negociated teaties with Tunis and Tripoli but the Dey of Algiers refused to comply with Pellew's demands. Pellew then combined with a Dutch squadron at Gibraltar in August 1816 and together they bombarded Algiers, forcing the Dey to release prisoners and sgree to the treaty. His final command was at Devonport from 1817 to 1820. See Edward Osler, The life of Admiral Viscount Exmouth (2 vols, London, 1835, 1841) and C Northcote Parkinson Edward Pellew Viscount Exmouth Admiral of the Red (London, 1934).

No information was available at the time of compilation.

The Pellagra Investigation Committee was established in 1910, owing to the spread of the disease Pellagra (an ailment of the skin), in several parts of the British Empire and the uncertainty surrounding causation. It was decided that a scientific enquiry should be made into the etiology of pellagra. The Committee consisted of representatives from London School of Tropical Medicine, notably including James Cantlie, Honorary Secretary and Treasurer of the Committee and C W Daniels, Director of the School and other academic and prominent individuals including San Giuliano, Italian Ambassador; Professor William Osler, Regius Professor of Medicine, Oxford University and Dr Dawson Williams, editor of the British Medical Journal. An additional Advisory Sub-Committee was formed of members including Professor Ronald Ross, Professor of Tropical Medicine at the University of Liverpool; Sir Patrick Manson, Medical Advisor to the Colonial Office and E E Austen, Department of Zoology, British Museum.

The Committee intended to raise a fund of £1000 to pay expenses for Dr Louis Sambon, Lecturer at London School of Tropical Medicine, to travel to a pellagrous area to study the topographical distribution and epidemiology of the disease. Sambon intended to discover whether a connection existed between the disease and the sand fly (Simulium) by studying the disease in the lower animals and man, establishing whether pellagra could be defined as belonging to the group of protozoal diseases.

On 20th March 1910 Sambon travelled to Italy. Much work was carried out in an attempt to gain the funds needed to complete research, as at the time of Sambon's departure only a fifth of the necessary funds had been raised and more was needed in order to facilitate the completion of his investigations. Whilst in Italy, Sambon established that, contrary to previous theories surrounding pellagra, its spread was not caused by mouldy maize but rather transmitted via a bite to the human from a gnat (simulium vorans).

Pell entered the Navy in 1799 and was promoted to lieutenant in 1806. He then served in the MERCURY on the Newfoundland and Mediterranean Stations until 1809. He was promoted to commander in 1810 into the THUNDER at Cadiz. He was promoted to captain in 1813 and given command of the MENAI on the North American Station until 1816. After a period on half-pay, Pell was appointed Commodore in command of the Jamaica Division of the North America and West Indies Station, 1833 to 1837. He commanded the HOWE in the Mediterranean, 1840 to 1841, and was Superintendent of Pembroke Dockyard, 1842 to 1845. From 1846 to 1863 he was a Commissioner of Greenwich Hospital. Pell was knighted in 1837 and promoted to rear-admiral in 1848, vice-admiral in 1855 and admiral in 1861.

Peirce and Tait appear to have been engaged in fish dealing. They are listed in trade directories as merchants at 99 Lower Thames Street, 1769-93. The volume also mentions premises at 7 Billingsgate.

Samuel Pegge was born 5 November at Chesterfield, Derbyshire. He was educated at Chesterfield and St. John's College, Cambridge from where he graduated BA in 1725 and MA 1729. Pegge was ordained in 1729, became curate at Sundridge, Kent in 1730 and the vicar of Godmersham, Kent in 1731. From 1749 to 1751 he lived in Surrenden, Kent as tutor to the son of Sir Edward Dering. In 1751 he was elected fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and in the same year he was inducted into the rectory at Brinhill, Lancashire. He remained at Brinhill until 1758, when he exchanged Brinhill for the vicarage of Heath near Whittington, which he held until his death on 14 February 1796. Pegge was also the prebendary of Lichfield from 1757 to 1796. Pegge was interested in collecting English coins and medals. He contributed articles to journals and the encyclopaedias, Archaelogia and Bibliotheca Topographca Britannica. He also published on coinage, the Anglo Saxons, and the life of Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln.

Florence May Peever enrolled with the Central Midwife's Board, 12 Dec 1925, she practised in Lancashire and West Yorkshire.

Sir Charles Peers (1661-1737) was a Citizen and Salter, Common Councilman for Aldgate Ward 1701-8, Alderman of Tower Ward 1708-37, Sheriff 1707-8, and Lord Mayor 1715-16.

Sir Robert Peel was born in Lancashire in 1788. He was at Harrow School and Christ Church, Oxford. He entered parliament aged 21 as Tory MP for Cashel, County Tipperary, Ireland, subsequently serving as MP for Chippenham, Wiltshire and Oxford University before succeeding his father as MP for Tamworth, Staffordshire in 1830. He first became a cabinet minister in 1822 and served two terms as Prime Minister (1834-1835, 1841-1846). Peel's Tamworth Manifesto of 1834 and his government's repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 (which led to its fall and provoked a split in the Tories) both strongly influenced the development of the Conservative party into its current form. However, he is best remembered for establishing the Metropolitan Police ('Bobbies' or 'Peelers') whilst Home Secretary in 1829. He died in 1850 after falling from his horse. His son (also Robert) succeeded him as baronet and as MP for Tamworth.

John Harold Peel KCVO, MA, BM BCh (Oxon), FRCP, FRCS, Hon FRCOG, Hon DSc (Birm), Hon FRCS(C.), Hon FCOG (SA), Hon FACS, Hon FACOG, Hon NMSA, Hon DM (Soton), Hon SCh (Newcastle) served as the College's Honorary Treasurer from 1959-1966 and as President from 1966-1969. He was elevated to the honorary fellowship of the College in 1989. On retiring as President of the College in 1969, John Peel was asked by Council to undertake the task of preparing a history of the lives of the Fellows, along the same lines as volumes published by the two older Royal Colleges (the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Surgeons of England). The completed work was published in 1976 as The Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists 1929-1969 (Whitefriars Press Ltd, 1976).

The founders of the firm were the brothers Richard and William Peek of Loddiswell, in Devon. Having come to London and gained experience of the tea trade, William launched W Peek and Company, tea merchants, circa 1810. By the 1820s, Richard had joined the concern and it was renamed Peek Brothers. Peek Brothers were principally engaged in the tea trade, although they handled coffee and spices as well, and manufactured cocoa and chocolate.

In 1834, William moved to Liverpool and launched a new enterprise with a new partner named Winch. Eventually, control of the firm was assumed by William's son Francis and by Winch's nephew, under the name Messrs Peek Brothers and Winch (later Francis Peek, Winch and Company). In the 1860s, they opened a branch in London in direct competition with the original Peek Brothers. Between 1863 and 1867, the Grocer published league tables of the leading firms of tea dealers based on the amount of duty each paid; Peek Brothers was the premier company, handling around 5% of the total trade, and Messrs Peek Brothers and Winch were also listed in the top four. The two Peek firms were reunited in 1895 and became a limited company, under the name Peek Brothers and Winch Limited.

The headquarters of Peek Brothers, and later Peek Brothers and Winch Limited, was Peek House, 20 Eastcheap, which still stands today, complete with a frieze on its facade depicting the camel train used as a trademark for the company's "Camel" brand of tea. The company continued trading until circa 1970, under the name Peek, Winch and Tod Limited, although no longer involved in the tea trade, and described in trade directories as general provision merchants.

Peek Brothers and later Peek Brothers and Winch Limited traded at the following principal addresses in London: 3 Tokenhouse Yard, 1818; 27 Coleman Street, 1819-22; 74 Coleman Street, 1823-34; Eastcheap, 1835-40; 27 Eastcheap, 1841-4; 20-1 Eastcheap, 1845-88; 20 Eastcheap (Peek House), 1889-1963.

Francis Peek, Winch and Company traded at the following London premises: 134 Fenchurch Street, 1863-5; 23 Rood Lane, 1865-80; and 3-4 Fenchurch Street, 1880-95. Throughout this period they also retained an office in Liverpool at 7 North John Street.

Langford is a village in Bedfordshire.

The Peckham Building Investment Company worked to erect houses not worth more than £300 each on freehold land between Old Kent Rd and Queen's Rd, late Deptford Lane, ie Peckham Rd, [now Meeting House Lane and Culmore Road], Bath Road [now Asylum Road], Clifton Grove [now Clifton Crescent], Clifton Road [now Clifton Way], and Bath Grove.

Born 1857; educated at home; entered merchant's office, 1874-1878; member of London Stock Exchange, 1880-1886; cabinet-maker and trade unionist in Newcastle, 1886-1889; founded, with others, the Fabian Society, 1883; Secretary of the Fabian Society, 1890-1913; Honorary Secretary of the Fabian Society, 1914-1938; member of Executive of Labour Party from its start, 1900-1913; Governor of London School of Economics, 1895-; died 1955. Publications: Capital and compensation (Fabian Tract, London, 1909); The Case for Municipal Drink Trade (PS King and Son, Westminster, 1904); Fifth Edition of Kirkup's History of Socialism (A&C Black, London, 1920); Gold and state banking (London, 1912); The History of the Fabian Society (AC Fifield, London, 1916).

Born in Pennsylvania, 1856; educated Bowdoin College, Maine; land surveyor; Civil Engineer Corps Officer in the United States Navy, 1881; engaged on the survey of the projected Nicaragua Ship Canal, 1885-1887; attempted to cross Greenland, 1886; naval dock construction in the US; second expedition to Greenland, 1891-1892; third expedition to Greenland, 1893-1895; expedition to the North Pole where he reached the northern limits of the Greenland archipelago, 1898-1902; second attempt to the North Pole, achieving a Farthest North world record at 87°06'; reached the North Pole, 1908-1909 (although this claim has been subject to doubt); awarded a special Gold Medal by the Royal Geographical Society; died, 1920.

FRGS 1882-1886

Born in London, 27 March 1857; educated at University College School and King's College Cambridge; Third Wrangler in Mathematics Tripos, 1879; studied medieval and sixteenth-century German literature, Berlin and Heidelberg Universities, 1879-1880; read law, called to the Bar by Inner Temple, 1881; delivered lectures on mathematics, philosophy and German literature at societies and clubs devoted to adult education; deputised for the Professor of Mathematics, King's College London, 1881, and for the Professor of Mathematics at University College London, 1883; formed the Men and Women's Club, with some others, to discuss equality between the sexes; appointed to Goldsmid Chair of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, University College London, 1884; appointed Professor of Geometry, Gresham College, 1891; collaborated with Walter Frank Raphael Weldon, Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, in biometry and evolutionary theory, 1891-1906; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1896; founded journal Biometrika with Weldon and Francis Galton founder of the School of Eugenics at University College London, 1901; appointed first Galton Professor of Eugenics, University College London, 1911; formed Department of Applied Statistics incorporating the Biometric Laboratory and Galton Laboratory, University College London; founded journal Annals of Eugenics, 1925; retired, 1933, died at Coldharbour, Surrey, 27 April 1936. Publications: A first study of the inheritance of vision and of the relative influence of heredity and environment on sight (London, 1909); A preliminary study of extreme alcoholism in adults with A Barrington (London, 1910); editor of The common sense of the exact sciences (Kegan Paul & Co, London, 1885); On the correlation of fertility with social value: a cooperative study with others (1913); editor of Tables of the incomplete G-function: computed by the staff of the Department of Applied Statistics, University College (London, 1922); Study of the data provided by a baby-clinic in a large manufacturing town (Cambridge, 1922); editor of Tracts for computers (London, 1919); editor of Tables for statisticians and biometricians (London, 1914); A mathematical theory of random migration (1906); A monograph on albinism in man with E Nettleship and C H Usher (1911); Charles Darwin, 1809-1882, an appreciation (London, 1923); Darwinism, medical progress and eugenics The Cavendish lecture, 1912, an address to the medical profession (1912); Enthusiasm of the market place and of the study (1885); Eugenics and public health An address to public health officers (1912); Francis Galton, 1822-1922, a centenary appreciation (London, 1922); Home conditions and eyesight: some recent misinterpretations of the problem of nurture and nature; Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution (1904); Matter and soul (1886); Mendelism and the problem of mental defect (1914); National life from the stand-point of science An address delivered at Newcastle (A & C Black, London, 1901); Nature and nurture, the problem of the future A presidential address (1910); On a practical theory of elliptical and pseudo-elliptical arches, with special reference to the ideal masonry arch with W D Reynolds and W F Stanton (1909); On the construction of tables and on interpolation (London, 1920); On the handicapping of the first-born (1914); On the relationship of health to the psychial and physical characters in school children (Cambridge, 1923); On the skull and portraits of George Buchanan (Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, London, 1926); Reaction! A criticism of Mr Balfour's attack on rationalism (1895); Side lights on the evolution of man (London, 1921); Social problems, their treatment, past, present, and future A lecture (1912); Studies in national deterioration (1907); Supplement to the memoir (by Ethel M Elderton) entitled: The influence of parental alcoholism on the physique and ability of the offspring A reply to the Cambridge economists (1910); editor of Tables of the incomplete beta-function (The Proprietors of Biometrika, London, 1934); The academic aspect of the science of eugenics A lecture delivered to undergraduates (1911); The chances of death and other studies in evolution (E Arnold, London, 1897); The ethic of freethought: a selection of essays and lectures (T Fisher Unwin, London, 1888); The fight against tuberculosis and the death-rate from phthisis (1911); The grammar of science (1892); The groundwork of eugenics (1909); The life, letters and labours of Francis Galton (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1914); The moral basis of socialism (W Reeves, London, 1887); The new university for London: a guide to its history and a criticism of its defects (T F Unwin, London, 1892); The positive creed of freethought: with some remarks on the relation of freethought to socialism (W Reeves, London, 1888); The problem of practical eugenics (1909); The right of the unborn child (Cambridge University Press, London, 1927); The science of man: its needs and its prospects (London, 1920); The skull and portraits of Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, and their bearing on the tragedy of Mary, Queen of Scots (1928); editor of The treasury of human inheritance (Dulau & Co, London, 1909); Tuberculosis, heredity and environment (1912); A study of the long bones of the English skeleton (London, 1919); On the sesamoids of the knee-joint (Cambridge, 1922); A second study of the influence of parental alcoholism on the physique and ability of the offspring (1910); editor of A second study of the statistics of pulmonary tuberculosis: marital infection (London, 1908); editor of A history of the theory of elasticity and of the strength of materials from Galilei to the present time (University Press, Cambridge, 1886-1893); The Trinity: a nineteenth century passion-play (E Johnson, Cambridge, 1882); A statistical study of oral temperatures in school children, with special reference to parental, environmental, and class differences with M H Williams and Julia Bell (1914); On the torsion resulting from flexure in prisms with cross-sections of uni-axial symmetry only with A W Young, M A Ethel and M Elderton (1918).

Born, 1930; educated, Liverpool University, 1949-1952; employed as a Technical Assistant in a materials application laboratory, EMI, Hayes, Middlesex, and studied physics part-time at Chelsea Polytechnic, 1954-1957; microwave research at the Radio Research Station of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research at Datchet, 1957-1970; Lecturer in Electronics at Chelsea College, 1970-1985; Lecturer at King's College London, 1985-1996; retired, 1996.

Egon Sharpe Pearson was born in Hampstead, London, in 1895, the middle child of Karl Pearson and his wife Maria Sharpe. He was educated at Winchester College and Cambridge University, graduating in 1920 and joined his father's Department of Applied Statistics at University College London in 1921 becoming assistant editor of Biometrika, the statistical journal co-founded by Karl Pearson, in 1924. In 1933 Pearson succeeded his father as Head of Department at UCL; three years later, when Karl Pearson died, he also became Managing Editor of Biometrika.

In 1930, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society (RSS). During a visit to the USA in 1931, Pearson met Walter Shewart of the Bell Telephone Laboratory with whom he discussed quality control in industry. The following year he presented a paper to the RSS on industrial applications of statistics which led directly to the formation of the Industrial and Agricultural Research Section (IARS) of the Society. He was on the Council of the RSS from 1934 to 1951, serving as Vice-President in 1945/6 and again in 1947/8 and was elected President for 1955-1957.

He married in 1934 and had two children; his wife died in 1949. Pearson died in 1980.

Egon Sharpe Pearson was the son of Karl Pearson and his first wife, Maria Sharpe Pearson. He was born in Hampstead in 1895 and had one older and one younger sister; Sigrid Loetitia Sharpe Pearson (later Bousfield) and Helga Sharpe Pearson (later Hacker). Egon was educated at the Dragon School, Oxford, and Winchester College before going up to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1914. His time at Cambridge was interrupted by a period of war service at the Admiralty and the Ministry of Shipping, and he graduated in 1920.
In 1921 E S Pearson took up a post as a lecturer at the Department of Applied Statistics, University College London, which was then headed by his father, Karl Pearson. Egon assisted his father with the editing of the journal Biometrika, eventually taking over the role of managing editor after Karl's death in 1936. On Karl's retirement in 1933 his former department was split into the Eugenics (later Human Genetics) Department, run by R A Fisher, and the Department of Statistics, of which Egon became head. He was made Professor of Statistics in 1935.
During the Second World War E S Pearson worked for the Ordnance Board as part of an operational research group for trials of explosive weapons. He returned to UCL after the war at the age of fifty.
Egon Pearson had several important working relationships over the course of his career. He is known particularly for his collaboration with Polish mathematician Jerzy Neyman who spent time in the 1920s and 30s as a research fellow and special lecturer at UCL, working with Karl Pearson, Egon Pearson, and R A Fisher. Neyman and Egon Pearson are well known for devising the Neyman-Pearson lemma of hypothesis testing. Pearson was also influenced by W S Gosset [aka "Student"] whom he regarded as "one of the greatest of what might be called real practising statisticians". He drafted a biography of Gosset titled All This and Student Too which was published posthumously as Student: A Statistical Biography of William Sealy Gosset. Pearson also worked closely with Walter Shewhart on statistical technique in standardisation and industrial production..

Alexander Pearson was surgeon of the East India Company at Canton.

The Pearce Commission was appointed by the British Government in 1972 to ascertain the reaction of black africans to the sanctions against Rhodesia. It carried out a referendum on majority rule, which was supported by Rhodesia Front Government of Ian Smith, but rejected by the African National Congress (ANC) on behalf of the Nationalist Parties.

Reginald George Pearce was born in South Africa in 1915. He was educated in South Africa and Scotland. He became junior clerk in a motor firm, and then a bank clerk in Johannesburg, where he worked for seven years. He was ordained into the Anglican Church in 1940, serving first as a curate at the Church of St. Marks, Bury, Lancashire. He spent a year in Brazil from 1957-1958.

From 1958-1961 he served in the Parish of St. John Wynberg, Cape Province, South Africa, before taking up the post of Rector and Manager of Anglican Church Schools in Namaqualand. In September 1964, Pearce became Rector of St. Anne's Church, Maitland, Cape Town.

During his time in South Africa, Rev. Pearce was witness to the effects of the Race Re-classification Laws on members of his own congregation. In 1964 he became involved in the case of William Boikanyio, a 14 year-old student who was removed from the Steinkopf Coloured High School following a ruling by the Coloured Regional School Board, Springbok, that re-classified him as 'black' (Bantu). In January 1967 he resigned his living and used his passport to sponsor the passage of the Fabing family to England, when certain members of the family were re-classified from 'white' to 'coloured'. The wide publicity surrounding the case and the difficulty in obtaining a suitable post in England led to a deterioration in Pearce's health, and he was hospitalised from May - June 1967.

In July 1967, he returned to South Africa to take up a post as hospital chaplain and assistant priest at St. Mary's Collegiate Church, Port Elizabeth. However, his continued stand against apartheid led to his resignation in August 1968. He returned to England, where he became Vicar of St. Clether Church, Laneast, Cornwall. He continued to support the Fabings and it was while seeking sponsorship for Aubrey Fabing's education in 1969 that he came into contact with the Anti-Apartheid Movement, which he later joined. Although Pearce's main concern was with the apartheid system in South Africa, he was also involved in other aspects of church work, for example combating alcoholism and developing the role of the church in industry.

Unknown

Joseph Pearce was from Newbury, as noted at the front of his notes of John Hunter's lectures. No further biographical information was available at the time of compilation.

Dr Pearce was born in Edinburgh, 1905; educated at George Watson's College and the University of Edinburgh; Physician-in-Charge, Department of Psychiatry, St Mary's Hospital, Paddington; the Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children; and the Royal Masonic Hospital; Medical Director of the Portman Clinic and Institute for the Study and Treatment of Delinquency; member, officer and advisor to many committees on delinquency and children's welfare, and was an examiner for the Royal Colleges in Edinburgh and elsewhere; died, 1994.

Peal and Company, boot makers, produced bespoke footwear for 174 years, between 1791 and 1965. The founder of the family firm was Samuel Peal, a shoe maker from Wirksworth, Derbyshire who came to London and established himself at Stepney Green. Peal had taken out a patent for rendering clothing materials waterproof by finely brushing them with a coat of caoutchouc, Indian rubber solution. The process quickly proved its worth, Peal's boots and shoes becoming renowned for their comfort and durability. The success of their products allowed the firm to relocate to the more prestigious West End, at 7 Frederick Place, Tottenham Court Road. Further moves took place in 1830 to 11 Duke Street, Grosvenor Square; in 1886 to 487 Oxford Street and finally in 1958 to 48 Wigmore Street.

In the course of its 174 year history, control of Peal and Company passed through six generations of the Peal family. The second incumbent, Nathaniel Peal was apprenticed in April 1808 and went on to display a selection of boots at the Great Exhibition of 1851. A century later, Peal and Co.'s products were shown at the Festival of Britain exhibition. The firm also had trade stands at the Badminton, Burghley and Hickstead horse trials, and at the Royal International Horse Show and Horse of the Year Show. Attending such prestigious events helped Peal and Company attain a reputation that was second to none.

This reputation was also earned by the salesmen who, from the 1880s onwards, travelled extensively throughout North and South American, Europe, Asia and the Far East. They succeeded in winning an enormous number of foreign orders and by the 1960s around two-thirds of the footwear produced went to export. In addition to taking measurements, the salesmen made outline drawings of every customer's feet. These were kept in a series of Feet Books that now form the bulk of this archive collection, with 617 of the books available for consultation. The books were extensively used in the firm's shop as well as by the travelling salesmen. A list of some of the interesting and famous customers is given at the end of this introduction.

Orders were posted or telegraphed back to the firm's factory in Jeddo Road, Acton Vale, with delivery of the finished shoes generally taking around 6 weeks. Unfortunately, in its last few years Peal and Company had great difficulty in replacing skilled craftsmen who had retired or left the firm. This led to longer delivery times and to the eventual demise of the firm. Upon closure, the trading name was sold to Brooks Brothers of New York, who still produce a range of traditional English-style footwear marketed under the Peal banner.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

An 'indenture' was a deed or agreement between two or more parties. Two or more copies were written out, usually on one piece of parchment or paper, and then cut in a jagged or curvy line, so that when brought together again at any time, the two edges exactly matched and showed that they were parts of one and the same original document. A 'right hand indenture' is therefore the copy of the document which was on the right hand side when the parchment was cut in two.

A bargain and sale was an early form of conveyance often used by executors to convey land. The bargainee, or person to whom the land was bargained and sold, took possession, often referred to as becoming 'seised' of the land.

Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Mervyn Peake was born in China on 9 July 1911. He attended Tientsin Grammar School and Eltham College, Kent. He became a poet, novelist, painter, playwright and illustrator. He married Maeve Gilmore, an artist, in 1937 and had two sons and one daughter. Peake died on 17 November 1968. Publications include: Rhymes Without Reason (1944); Captain Slaughterboard Drops Anchor (1945, reprinted 1966); The Craft of the Lead Pencil (1946); Titus Groan (novel, 1946); Letters from a Lost Uncle (1948); The Glassblowers (poem) and Gormenghast (novel), awarded the W H Heinemann Foundation Prize, Royal Society of Literature (1950); Mr Pye (1953); The Wit to Woo (play, 1957); Titus Alone (novel, 1959); The Rime of the Flying Bomb (1962); Titus Groan (novel, reprinted as trilogy in UK and USA, 1967); A Reverie of Bone (poems, 1967).

Graham Greene was born on 2 October 1904. Following graduation from Oxford he joined the staff of The Times newspaper in 1926, became literary editor of The Spectator in 1940, and during the war worked in the Foreign Office. He was Director of the publishers Eyre & Spottiswoode from 1944 to 1948 and of Bodley Head publishers from 1958 to 1968.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases. A bargain and sale was an early form of conveyance often used by executors to convey land. The bargainee, or person to whom the land was bargained and sold, took possession, often referred to as becoming 'seised' of the land.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Probate (also known as proving a will) was the process of establishing the validity of a will.

A declaration of trust named trustees to hold monies for an individual until that person came of age; at which time the control of the monies would revert to them.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Members of the family represented in this collection include Admiral John Ferrier; Robert Hynam, watchmaker to the Tzars, who lived in St Petersburg during the invasion of Russia by French forces; Charles Bernard Peachey, on service in South Africa during the Boer War; and Hugh Graham Peachey, on service in France during the First World War.