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Lucy Jane Gibbons, of Gosport, Hants, was born on 14 Aug 1887 and was a student at the Royal College of Music, 1908-1909, studying the organ and piano.

Michael Gibbons was innkeeper and livery stable keeper at the Red Lion Inn in the parish of Saint Andrew, Holborn. According to the Scavengers Rate Books of Saint Andrew and Saint George the Martyr, 1729-1757, kept at the Holborn Reference Library, his inn lay on the east side of Gray's Inn Lane, the ninth property from Liquorpond Street and the third from Portpool Lane. This is confirmed by the marking of Red Lion Yard on Horwood's map of 1819. The site appears to be approximately that of the present 88-90 Gray's Inn Road, Liquorpond Street having been widened and renamed Clerkenwell Road. The rate books also show that the property was assessed at £100 to £150 over the period, whereas neighbouring houses ranged from £10 to £42 in 1729. In the 1753 rate, Gibbon's name is crossed through, and that of Nicholas Hewitt written in; Hewitt continued there until at least 1757. Gibbon's daughter Mary married William Bass (1717-1787), a carrier between London and Lancashire, who settled in Burton-on-Trent and in 1777 founded the brewery business which bears his name.

Educated at Rugby, and Exeter College Oxford, MA 1944. Head of Anthony Gibbs and Sons, London; Director of Bank of England 1853-1901; Governor 1875-1877; MP (Conservative) City of London, 1891-1892; trustee of National Portrait Gallery; Member of Council, Keble College Oxford.
Married Louisa Adams, 1845. Created 1st Baron Aldenham, 1896. Died in 1907.

Henry Hucks Gibbs was born in London and educated at Rugby School and at Exeter College, Oxford. After graduating in 1841 he joined the family firm; when his father died the following year, as the eldest son he inherited the family estates, which he insisted on sharing with other family members. Instead of becoming just a landed gentleman, Gibbs embarked on a successful career as a merchant banker in the City of London, though his advocacy of a bimetallic currency standard was not shared by many of his contemporaries. He became a director of the Bank of England in 1853 and served as its governor during 1875-1877. Gibbs served as Conservative MP for the City of London between 1891 and 1892, and in 1896 was granted a peerage as Baron Aldenham. He also had strong literary and sporting interests, and served on the council of the English Church Union.

Born 1910; Open Exhibitioner, Magdalen College, Oxford University, 1928; Assistant Lecturer, University College London, 1934-1936; Fellow and Tutor in Modern History, Merton College, Oxford, 1936; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; 1st King's Dragoon Guards, 1939; Historical Section, War Cabinet Office, 1943; Chichele Professor of the History of War, University of Oxford, 1953-77; former Chairman, Naval Education Advisory Committee; former Member, International Council of the Institute for Strategic Studies; Member of the Council, Royal United Service Institution; Research Associate, Center for International Studies, Princeton, USA, 1965-66; Visiting Professor, University of New Brunswick, 1975-76, the US Military Academy, West Point, 1978-79, and the National University of Singapore, 1982-84; US Outstanding Civilian Service Medal, 1979; Emeritus Fellow, All Souls College, Oxford, 1977; died 1990.
Publications: The origins of Imperial defence (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1955); Makers of England (Oxford University Press, London, 1935); The British Cabinet system (Stevens & Sons, London, 1952); Grand strategy: rearmament policy (H.M.S.O, 1976).

Giberti received his Doctorate in Medicine at Avignon in 1690, and, after a stay in Paris, returned to his native town of Pernes in 1695 where he remained for the rest of his long life.

No information is known about this amateur filmmaker.

John Gibson senior was until about 1720 a jeweller in Bow Street. In 1718 he inherited property at Bury Pond Hill in Pinner from an aunt, Elizabeth Darden (ACC/351/1032), and in 1720 his wife inherited Islips Manor Farm in Northolt, and property at Pinner Hill. She was Dorcas, only daughter and heiress of William Shower, and, through him, of her uncle, Sir Bartholemew Shower, recorder of London, who died in 1701 (ACC/1045/123-128). These properties had been purchased by Sir Bartholomew in 1695 and 1698 from the Clitherowe and Hawtrey families respectively.

John Gibson settled at Pinner, where he bought further properties, notably from Randall Page junior in 1721 (ACC/1045/103), and remained there till his death in 1745. After her husband's death Dorcas Gibson returned to London, settling in Stepney, and her younger sons, William and Bartholomew, became a haberdasher and grocer respectively in the City (ACC/1045/129-134). The eldest son and heir, John, was educated at Balliol and entered the church, becoming Vicar of Heston in 1750 and Bedfont in 1761. There is a complete set of official documents concerning his clerical career from letters of orders on his ordination as Deacon in 1740 to the certificate of his reading in as Vicar of Bedfont in 1761 (ACC/1045/154-176). He died in 1777.

The Gibson family were closely connected with the Stanton Family of Limehouse. Seth Gibson and Thomas Stanton became partners in the wholesale silk trade in 1706 (ACC/1045/141) and the association survived the removal of John Gibson to Pinner. The collection includes a group of personal and business papers of Richard Stanton and his brother Thomas Stanton junior who died in 1714. Besides articles of partnership, there are household and general accounts, 1706-1764 (ACC/1045/144-147), including rent accounts for properties in Rupert Street.

Born 1868; Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 1913-1945; Baronet, 1931; his company owned land in the Gran Chaco region of western Paraguay; member of the Committee of the British South American Missionary Society; died 1934.

William Robert Gibson was born in 1872. He received his medical education at St Bartholomew's Hospital, and was at one time assistant medical superintendent at St Saviour's Hospital, Dulwich. He practised for many years in Madras, India, where he was Chief Medical Officer to the Madras and South Mahratta Railway. He was a generous benefactor to the College and donated £38, 803 during 1954-1955. the Fellows Common Room was named the "John Cherry Gibson Room" on 14 Jul 1955, and on the same day the gift of his house in Ealing with its contents was reported to Council. He was awarded the Honorary Medal as an out-standing benefactor in 1956. He died in St Bartholomew's in 1959.

Eleazer Gedney was born in New York, in 1797. Under the altered name of Gidney rather than Gedney, he was apprenticed to Dr James L van Kleeck, of Poughskeepsie, in 1811. He transferred to Dr Abel Catlin, of Litchfield, Connecticut, from 1813-1817. In 1816, while still in Litchfield, Gidney advertised a remedy for cancer using handbills with testimonials from patients. He began to study dentistry at Baltimore and New York, in 1817. He published A Treatise on the Structure, Diseases and Management of the Human Teeth while living in Utica, in 1824. He travelled to Canada, where he practiced in Toronto and then Quebec in 1826. He then travelled to London and Paris to increase his professional knowledge. He attended courses of lectures in dental science and practice including those by Thomas Bell, James Snell and A F Talma in 1831-1832. He began to practise in Manchester in 1832. He was elected an honorary Fellow of the newly formed American Society of Dental Surgeons in 1840. He died in 1876.

Sir Robert Giffen, 1837-1910, was educated at Glasgow University and then went on to work as a clerk in a solicitors office, 1850-1855. However he spent the majority of his career working with statistics. He became sub-editor of The Globe, 1862-1866, and then assistant editor of The Economist, 1868-1876. He then left journalism to become chief of the statistical department of the Board of Trade, 1876-1882, Assistant Secretary of the Board of Trade and afterwards Controller-General of Commercial Labour and Statistical Departments, 1882-1897. From 1882 to 1884, he was president of the Statistical Society.

Lionel Felix Gilbert: born, 1893; studied chemistry at University College London, 1910-1915, 1923-1928; on the staff of the Chemistry Department at University College London, 1919-1955; Senior Lecturer; died, 1955.

Philip(pe) Joseph Hartog: born, 1864; entered University College London, 1875; a chemist in London, Manchester, and elsewhere, but attained distinction as an educationist in Manchester, London, and India; joint contributor of the entry on Wollaston to the Dictionary of National Biography, 1900; knighted, 1926; died, 1947.

William Hyde Wollaston: born at East Dereham, Norfolk, 1766; third son of the author Francis Wollaston and his wife, Althea Hyde; educated at a private school at Lewisham for two years and then at Charterhouse, 1774-1778; a pensioner of Caius College Cambridge, 1782; scholar of Caius College Cambridge, 1782-1787; appointed a senior fellow, 1787; retained his fellowship until his death; while at Cambridge, became intimate with John Brinkley and John Pond and studied astronomy with their assistance; graduated MB, 1788; on leaving Cambridge, worked as a physician in Huntingdon, 1789; subsequently went to Bury St Edmund's; became acquainted with the Reverend Henry Hasted, a close friend and lifelong correspondent; MD, 1793; elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1793 and admitted, 1794; admitted candidate of the Royal College of Physicians, 1794; Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, 1795; went to London and set up practice at no 18 Cecil Street, Strand, 1797; censor of the Royal College of Physicians, 1798; increasing devotion to various branches of natural science, including physics, chemistry, and botany, led him to retire from medical practice, 1800; looked to support himself by chemical research; took a house, no 14 Buckingham Street, Fitzroy Square, and set up a laboratory, 1801; innovations relating to platinum including the discovery of palladium and of a process for producing pure platinum and welding it into vessels, c1804; awarded the Copley medal, 1802; secretary of the Royal Society, 1804-1816; fellow of the Geological Society, 1812; suggested in evidence before a committee of the House of Commons the replacement of the various gallons then in use by the imperial gallon' (adopted in the Weights and Measures Act of 1824), 1814; served as commissioner of the Royal Society on the Board of Longitude, 1818-1828; a member of the Royal Commission on Weights and Measures that rejected the adoption of the decimal system of weights and measures, 1819; frequently elected a vice-president of the Royal Society; declined a proposal to be nominated president of the Royal Society, but consented to act as president until the election, 1820; elected a foreign associate of the French Academy of Sciences, 1823; elected to the Royal College of Physicians, 1824; suffered occasional partial blindness in both eyes from 1800; attacked by symptoms said to be signify a fatal brain tumour, 1827; set about dictating papers on his unrecorded work, many of which were published posthumously; transferred £1,000 to the Geological Society (which formedthe Wollaston Fund' from which the society awards annually the Wollaston medal and the balance of the interest), 1828; transferred £2,000 to the Royal Society to form the `Donation Fund', the interest to be applied in promoting experimental research, 1828; awarded a royal medal by the Royal Society for his work, 1828; elected a member of the Astronomical Society, 1828; died, 1828; his house was afterwards inhabited by his friend Charles Babbage. Publications: fifty-six papers on pathology, physiology, chemistry, optics, mineralogy, crystallography, astronomy, electricity, mechanics, and botany, the majority read before the Royal Society and published in the Philosophical Transactions.

This firm of solicitors was established in c 1887 by Gilbert Ellis Samuel (1859-1926). Trading as Gilbert Samuel and Company from c 1902, the firm had offices at 39 Old Broad Street (1887-1890), 16 Great Winchester Street (1891-1961) and 3 Michael's Alley, Cornhill (1962-1971). They were taken over c 1970 by Bischoff and Company, solicitors.

Gilbert the Englishman [Gilbertus Anglicus, Gilbertus de Aquila, Gilbert de l'Egle] was the author of Compendium Medicinae, an important medical and surgical work of the Middle Ages. It was originally written in Latin with excerpts translated into New High German, Hebrew, Catalan and Middle English. Little is known for certain about Gilbert's life, and he has been confused with other contemporaries of the same, or similar, name. He is likely to have been the Gilbert del Egle, physician, who witnessed a charter of Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1205. He is also likely to have been the Magister Gillbertus del Egle who attended the Archbishop on his deathbed. Other sources suggest that at about that time Gilbert was in the service of Robert de Breteuil, Earl of Leicester (d 1204). He is also thought to have received an ecclesiastical income and may have witnessed a charter as King John's physician, c 1207. The composition of the Compendium, which from his use of Arabic sources indicates he cannot have completed before c 1230-1240, suggests he may have attended a more sophisticated centre of medical and philosophical learning, eg Paris, Montpellier, Salerno, than could be found in England at that time. Gilbert's very early reference of Averroes (Abû 'l-Walîd Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd), as well as his association with Gilles de Corbeil and Richard of Wendover, point to his presence at Montpellier. Gilbert's Compendium covers all aspects of medicine and surgery as well as some of religious healing and the use of prayers and charms. It is divided into seven books dealing with fevers, the head, sense organs, organs of respiration, organs of digestion, the humours and in the last book diseases of women as well as advice for travellers, how to light fires and antidotes to poisons.

Trotula of Salerno lived in the 11th or 12th century in Salerno, Southern Italy. She is thought to have occupied the chair of medicine at the School of Salerno. Trotula was one of the most famous physicians of that time, with her main interests in alleviating the suffering of women. Her most notable medical works were Passionibus Mulierum Curandorum (The Diseases of Women), known as Trotula Major, and De Ornatu Mulierum known as Trotula Minor. Trotula Major contains information about menses, conception, pregnancy, childbirth, and general diseases and their treatments. Remedies usually consist of herbs, spices, and oils. The identity of Trotula of Salerno has caused some controversy, with some scholars disputing her existence, or that she was a woman.

The Gilchrist Educational Trust was founded on the bequest of Dr John Borthwick Gilchrist (1759-1841) who left the residue of his estate to the Trustees 'for the benefit advancement and propagation of education and learning in every part of the world as far as circumstances will permit'. After long litigation procedures the Educational Trust was founded in 1865.

The principle which guided the Trustees in the administration of the funds under their control was that of doing pioneering work, such as seeking to fill up educational gaps; making some provision for the educational needs of classes of persons not already provided for; aiding new educational movements which, for lack of public support at their initiation, needed financial help to enable them to grow in strength. They began by establishing scholarships to bring natives of India to England for a University education that would fit them to undertake public work on their return. These, later taken over by the Government of India, were followed by similar scholarships in the (then) Colonies which were, in turn, taken over by the appropriate authorities. There followed scholarships in England for women at the time when Women's Colleges were being established. The Trust is perhaps best known for its establishment of the Gilchrist Lecturers, 1867-1939, which were given in industrial communities by eminent men and were attended by many thousands of people. After the Lectures began, the University Extension movement started to develop; the Trust worked in close association with it and, later, with the Workers' Educational Association.

Prausnitz studied in England 1905-1908 (his mother was English), and in 1933 emigrated to England from Germany, where he had been Professor of Hygiene and Bacteriology at Breslau. He became a general practitioner at Ventnor, Isle of Wight. In 1939 he became a British citizen and added his mother's maiden name to his own. Further details of his career can be found in the obituary in GC/33/4, also Who Was Who Vol VI and obituaries in the British Medical Journal and the Lancet.

Frederick Gill lived in Dartford, Kent.

Born Aberdeen 1843; educated Dollar Academy and Marischal College Aberdeen; left university prematurely to take up watchmaking apprenticeship aged 17; took up astronomy 1863; visted Pulkovo Observatory, St Petersburg and Germany, 1873; observed Transit of Venus in Mauritius, 1874-1976; visited Ascension to observe Mars, 1876; Her Majesty's Astronomer at Cape of Good Hope, 1879-1907; pioneered photography in astronomy especially from 1882 resulting in the publication of the magnitudes and positions of more than 455,000 stars; organised geodetic survey of South Africa, largely completed by 1897; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1883; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1890-1914; died 1914.

Born, 1926; educated, Worthing High School, 1935-1943; St John's College, Cambridge, 1943-1945, 1948-1949; Assistant Experimental Officer, National Physics Laboratory, 1946-1948; Research student, University Mathematical Laboratory, Cambridge, 1949-1953; Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, 1952-1955; Visiting Assistant Professor, Univeristy of Illinois, USA; Computer Department of Ferranti Ltd, 1955-1964; part-time Professor of Automatic Data Processing, University of Manchester and ICT Ltd, 1963-1964; Professor of Computing Science and Director, Centre for Computing and Automation, Imperial College, 1964-1970; Consultant to International Computers Limited, 1964-1965, 1968-1970; Consultant to the Ministry of Technology, 1966-1969; President, British Computer Society, 1967-1968; Director of various companies in the Miles Roman Group, 1970-1971; Senior Consultant, PA International Management Consultants Limited, 1972-1975; died, 1975.

Born, 1843; educated at Brighton College; Royal Military Academy at Woolwich; obtained a commission in the Royal Engineers, 1864; served in India, 1869-1871; stationed at Aldershot, Chatham, and Woolwich, 1871-1876; joined Colonel Valentine Baker's journey to Persia, 1873; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1874-1882; ordered to Hong Kong, and while there obtained leave to travel in China, 1876; gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society, 1879; intelligence branch of the War Office; sent to Constantinople as assistant boundary commissioner for the new boundary between Turkey and Russia, 1879; obtained leave to go to India to join Sir Charles Macgregor, as a survey officer, in his expedition against the Maris, -1881; granted leave of absence to explore the provinces between Tunis and Egypt, 1881-1882; deputy assistant adjutant-general, Egypt, 1882; died, 1882.

The origins of this firm may be traced to Liverpool and the formation, in 1834, of the partnership Gillanders, Ewart and Company to open a trading house in Bombay concerned with shipping, piece goods and general agency business. In 1836, the Bombay House took the name Ewart, Lyon and Company. The name of the Liverpool firm was changed in 1842 to Arbuthnot, Ewart and Company. By the mid 1850s, business was dominated by the export from India of rice, cotton, sugar and wool and the import of consumer goods. A Karachi partnership, Ewart, Ryrie and Company, was established at this time to deal in wool from north west India. The Bombay firm was redesignated Ewart, Latham and Company in 1883.

The timber trade connections of W. M. Macaulay, a partner in Ewart, Latham and Company from 1883, turned attention to the possibility of obtaining teak from Siam at lower prices than that supplied by the Bombay Burmah Trading Company. Consequently, in 1885, the Siam Forest Company Limited was set up in Bombay to take on the lease of teak forest in the Me Ngow river valley, northern Siam. Its shareholders included partners of the English and Indian firms. Ewart, Latham and Company acted as agents and secretaries of the new company.

In 1897, the Siam Forest Company Limited was reformed in London to acquire the Bombay-registered company and also the saw mill and timber business of Clarke and Company of Bangkok. General trading and agency work was also significant over the next two decades. In view of this, the company was redesignated the Anglo Siam Corporation in 1917. The entire businesses of Arbuthnot, Ewart and Company, Ewart, Latham and Company and Ewart, Ryrie and Company were acquired in 1920. Thereafter, they continued to trade as branches of the corporation. The firm was restyled again in 1939, becoming the Anglo Thai Corporation. After the Second World War, trading interests continued to expand into Malaysia, India, Thailand, Canada, Australia, Hong Kong and Indonesia.

The corporation was acquired by the Inchcape Group of trading companies in 1975. The firm had offices at 67 Cornhill, 1897-1908; 2 Fenchurch Avenue, 1909-23; 5 and 7 St Helen's Place, 1924-44; 80 Bishopsgate, 1945-55; Gerrard House, 31/45 Gresham Street, 1956-68; Lee House, London Wall, 1969-?82; and 40 St Mary Axe, 1983-8.

The firm of Gillett Brothers Discount Company Limited, discount bankers, was founded on 17 August 1867, when the brothers Alfred and George Gillett began business as Gillett Brothers and Company, bill brokers and money dealers, at 72 Lombard Street. The new firm derived some customers from the otherwise unconnected firm of Brightwen, Gillett and Company, bill brokers, of 8 Finch Lane, which had been established in 1861 by a younger brother, William Gillett, and which was dissolved in August 1867.

Gillett Brothers and Company remained a partnership under the same name until 1919, when it became a private limited company with the style of Gillett Brothers Discount Company Limited. It became a public company in 1946.

The firm traded during its history from the following addresses: 72 Lombard Street (1867-1885); 9 Birchin Lane (1885-1892); 58 Lombard Street (1892-1924); 27 Clements Lane (1924-33); 52 Cornhill (1933-1964); 65 Cornhill (from 1964). The firm amalgamated with Jessel Toynbee and Company Limited in 1982, and at the time the records were deposited was part of Alexanders Discount plc.

For a detailed history of the firm see Professor Ronald S Sayers, Gilletts in the London Money Market 1867-1967 (Oxford, 1968). Many research notes, financial tables etc prepared by Prof Sayers and his colleague Miss Audrey Taylor appear amongst the archives. However, a great many of the archives used by Prof Sayers and referred to in his history have not been deposited at Guildhall Library, and their current whereabouts are unknown. These missing records include Gilletts' ledgers and other account books and correspondence with country banks.

Professor John David Gillett was born in 1913; began working with P A Buxton's Department of Entomology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1930 having failed nine O-Level subjects at school, 1930; his first appointment was feeding and general upkeep of the Department's colonies of living insects.

Gillett went to East Africa with H S Leeson to educate himself in the study of mosquitoes, 1936, staying on for the next 26 years in Uganda's Medical Department. This was only interrupted with visits to the UK to obtain degrees and during World War Two, when he spent a year on an island in Lake Victoria, attempting to control sleeping sickness by reducing the number of tsetse in the infected area - this was a short term solution and it eventually became necessary to evacuate the island's entire population. In 1941, an outbreak of yellow fever occurred in western Uganda and he was seconded to the Rockefeller Foundation's Yellow Fever Institute to work in Bwamba on the old Congo border.

Gillett chose to retake his O-levels and then A-levels and was accepted at University College London to read Zoology, Physiology and Biochemistry. He graduated in 1949, with first class honours and returned to Uganda with his wife and two children to rejoin Haddow at what had become the East African Virus Research Institute. In 1955 he was awarded a Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship to study mosquito virus relations in the United States. After his return to Uganda he was appointed Assistant Director to Alec Haddow at the East African Virus Research Institute, where they collaborated in a study of periodic behaviour in mosquitoes. He awarded the DSc from London, 1960.

Gillett returned to Britain, 1962, and was elected to the Chair of Applied Biology at Brunel University where later he was appointed Head of Biological Sciences. After serving two years as Treasurer of the Royal Entomological Society of London, he was elected President, 1977-79, and retired, 1978, becoming a Senior Research Fellow at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Gillett died in 1995.

Publications include: Mosquitoes (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1971); Yellow fever in western Uganda By Mahaffy, A. F., K. C. Smithburn, H. R. Jacopx and J. D. Gillettt. (Trans. R. Sox. Trop. Med. Hyg. 36, 1942) and The cyclical transmission of yellow fever virus through the grivet monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops centraZis Neumann, and the mosquito Aedes Megomyia africanus by Ross, R. W. and J. D. Gillett (Theobald. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit. 44, 1950).

Dennis Gilley was a partner at R Watson and Sons consulting actuaries, one of the largest actuarial firms in the UK, based in Reigate, Surrey. Gilley worked for R Watson and Sons from 1949 until his retirement in 1981, a period which saw the firm undergoing its fastest period of growth, fuelled by the expansion of occupational pension provision in the 1950s and 1960s. After his retirement, he chaired seminars and produced a booklet on pension fund trusteeship for Ringley Communications, a subsidiary of Watsons.

Gilley was also an active member of the Institute of Actuaries and International Association of Consulting Actuaries. He served as chair of both organisations, and was influential in the development of standards of professional conduct and scrutiny within the actuarial profession. He was also a founder member of the Pensions Management Institute and a Council member of the Occupational Pensions Advisory Service.

William Gilliatt (1884-1956), KCVO, MD, MS, FRCP(Lond), Hon MMSA, was the son of a pharmacist. He graduated from the Middlesex Hospital in 1908 and held various posts there. In 1916 he was appointed assistant obstetric and gynaecological surgeon at King's College Hospital, becoming full surgeon in 1925. He remained at King's until his retirement in 1946. He also held the posts of obstetric surgeon to Queen Charlotte's Hospital and consulting surgeon to Bromley Cottage Hospital, the Maudsley Hospital and St Saviour's Hospital. He served for more than 20 years as gynaecologist to the Royal Family, attending the births of Prince Charles and Princess Anne. As a result of his relationship with the Royal family, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother accepted the office of patron of the College and the Honorary Fellowship. He was married with one daughter, and was knighted in 1948. He was killed in a car accident on 27 September 1956.

Gilliatt was a foundation fellow of the RCOG, and served on the Council from 1932 until his death. He was Honorary Secretary from 1942-1945 and became President in 1946 (bibliography: Sir John Peel, Lives of the Fellows, pp 169-172).

This company traded as general merchants and agents in Hong Kong, and was acquired by the Inchcape Group in 1969.

Archibald Gilpin qualified in medicine at King's College Medical School. In 1931 he was awarded the Ferrier Prize. In 1933 he had a travelling scholarship to study renal pathology under L Aschoff in Freiburg. In 1935 he was appointed junior physician, morbid anatomist, and curator of the museum at King's College Hospital. He held the post of Harveian Librarian at the Royal College of Physicians, and was archivist to the Society of Apothecaries. For further biographical details see Munk's Roll Vol V, pp.151-152.

John Cary Gilson was a leading figure in the study of occupational lung diseases. During the Second World War, he was employed at the RAF Physiology Laboratory (later known as the Institute of Aviation Medicine), Farnborough. He helped to develop improved oxygen equipment for pilots and, by inventing a simple spring-loaded tape measure (measurements could be taken at the same tension so that they matched each other), he mastered the problem of measuring pilots to their uniforms. In 1946, Gilson joined the Medical Research Council's (MRC) Pneumoconiosis Research Unit (PRU) as deputy to Charles Fletcher. The unit had been established in Cardiff in 1945 to examine coal workers' pneumoconiosis: it discovered that pneumoconiosis was preventable if dust levels were monitored, and coal workers x-rayed regularly. It also ascertained that the disease was not disabling until a second complicating condition began to affect the lungs. A simple breathing test was designed to measure the degree of disability caused. Gilson himself was responsible for equipping a mobile x-ray van for use in the field. He was an expert in film reading and worked with the International Labour Office (ILO) to standardise the classification of radiographs of pneumonconioses. During the 1950s the Unit also began to study the effects of asbestos and of organic dusts such as those produced by cotton, flax and hemp, which cause occupational diseases such as byssinosis.

The Gimbert family, as they appear in this collection, originate in Saint Ives, county of Huntingdonshire. They are later found in the counties of London, Middlesex, Surrey, Kent and Oxfordshire.

William Furgoose Gimbert (c. 1825-1884);
Francis Hunt Gimbert (1847-1925) (son of William Furgoose);
Francis Alexander Gimbert (1874-1944) (son of Francis Hunt);
William Alphonso Gimbert (1875/6-1963) (son of Francis Hunt);
Henry Francis Gimbert (1900-c.1983) (son of William Alphonso);
George Arthur Gimbert (born 1916) (son of William Alphonso);
Madeline (nee Gimbert) May (born 1914) (daughter of William Alphonso).

Morris Ginsberg, 1889-1970, was born into one of the smaller Lithuanian Jewish communities of the Russian empire. His first language was Yiddish and as a Talmudic scholar he was educated in classical Hebrew. However he quickly mastered English when he migrated to England to work in the business of relatives in Manchester whilst preparing for entry to London University. He entered University College London in 1910 to read for a degree in philosophy and obtained his MA in 1915. He was a temporary lecturer at LSE from 1915-1916, and Lecturer in the Philosophy Department at UCL in 1921. He became an assistant in the Sociology Department at LSE in 1921 and a Lecturer in 1924. He became Martin White Professor of Sociology in 1929, succeeding Hobhouse, and held this chair until 1954. As Professor Emeritus he taught in the School until 1968.

Gipsy Hill Teacher Training College was founded in Upper Norwood, Streatham, in 1917 as an independent and non-denominational residential college providing the first two-year course of training for teachers of children aged two to seven. Its first Principal was Lillian de Lissa, who received her training at the Sydney Kindergarten Training College, Australia, c1902-c1905, and subsequently established the first free kindergarten in Adelaide and the college which later became Adelaide Kindergarten Training College. She completed the International Training Course in Rome under the educational pioneer Dr Montessori in 1914. The college of which she became head in England was to train teachers who would apply innovative contemporary ideas to the education of young children. The college was housed in two Victorian houses in Gipsy Hill. Two more houses were later added as numbers - which included some overseas students - increased. Provisional recognition from the Board of Education subsequently became full and permanent. The Rommany Nursery School was opened as the college's demonstration school. During World War Two (1939-1945) Gipsy Hill College evacuated itself first to an hotel in Brighton and subsequently to Bankfield house near Bingley, Yorkshire. Meanwhile the premises at Gipsy Hill were damaged by enemy action. In 1946 the college became the responsibility of Surrey County Council and moved to a house on Kingston Hill (Kingston-upon-Thames), Kingston Hill Place, with nearby houses (Coombehurst adjacent, and Winchester and Tankerville about a mile away) providing additional accommodation. In that year Lillian de Lissa retired. In 1949 the college acquired Kenry House (adapted for Army use during the war), to which alterations were subsequently made (allowing Winchester and Tankerville to be relinquished). In the same year, in addition to the existing nursery-infant course, a junior course was introduced to extend the educational principles to the education of children aged seven to eleven years.

Demand for teachers continued and the College pioneered the London University BEd degree. Gipsy Hill College was included in the London Delegacy as a member of the Birkbeck College group for examination purposes, but became a constituent college of London University Institute of Education at its formation in 1949. In 1959 a course of training for secondary school work was introduced. The first day students were also accepted. Gipsy Hill became a College of Education in 1963. Extensions to Kenry House were completed in 1966-1967.

Demographic changes caused a contraction in the demand for teacher education by the 1970s and, in a climate of absorption of colleges of education by polytechnics, Gipsy Hill College of Education moved towards Council for National Academic Awards (rather than London University) validation before it eventually merged with Kingston Polytechnic in 1975 following negotiations between the Education Committees of Surrey County Council and the Royal Borough of Kingston-upon-Thames.

Variant spellings of the name as Gypsy are frequently found, but the college evidently took its name from Gipsy Hill in Upper Norwood where it was originally located.

The Girls' Commercial Secondary School for Girls opened in 1919 alongside the existing Walthamstow Technical Institute. It merged with the technical institutes of Walthamstow and Leyton and the Leyton School of Art to form the South West Essex Technical College in 1938.

The Girls' Day School Trust (GDST) is an independently run but centrally supported group of schools initially created in 1872 to advance the education of women. By 2007 the GDST was running 29 schools located across England and Wales. The motto of the trust was 'Knowledge Is Now No More a Fountain Sealed'.

The Girls' Life Brigade was founded in 1902 by the National Sunday School Union. It aimed to encourage girls to become "responsible, self-reliant, useful Christian women". The movement was based at churches. Following a merger with other similar organisations, it is now part of the Girls' Brigade.

For more information see the Girls' Brigade website at http://www.girlsbrigade.org.uk/html/history.html (accessed June 2010).

George Gissing was born in Wakefield, Yorkshire, and educated locally and in Cheshire before attending Owens College (now the University of Manchester). He was a brilliant student but was expelled from the college after being caught stealing money to help a homeless woman, Nell Harrison (1858-1888), whom he later married. In 1876-1877 he spent a year teaching and writing in the United States before returning to Britain and settling in London, supporting himself as a private tutor. He published his first novel at his own expense in 1880 and he continued to write steadily; his best-known work is perhaps New Grub Street (1891). Gissing's personal life was often unhappy. His first wife died young and his second wife was sometimes violent and had periods of insanity; they separated after less than six years. From 1899 until his death, Gissing lived in France with an unmarried partner, Gabrielle Fleury (1868-1954), the French translator of New Grub Street.

As a result of severe overcrowding at the Essex County Asylum, Brentwood, suggestions for building a new asylum in the Colchester area were being made from 1902; the Severalls Estate was sold for the purpose by Colchester Corporation in 1903. The foundation stone for the New Asylum/Second Essex County Asylum was laid in June 1910, and the asylum was opened for patients in 1913. Substantial additional building works took place during the 1930s. Patient numbers started to decline from the 1940s and there were also staffing problems. The decision to close the hospital was made in 1994 and in 1997 patients were moved from the core asylum buildings to to other facilities in the area, although some services continue to be provided from peripheral units on the site.

Nathaniel Gladman was a trunkmaker based at the Old Three Trunks and Golden Dove at Charing Cross [Saint Martins in the Fields].

Born, 1827; Education: University College, London; PhD (Giessen); Career: Assistant Lecturer in Chemistry, St Thomas's ( by 1852); Fullerian Professor of Chemistry, Royal Institution (1874-1877); undertook pioneer research in optics and spectroscopy; worked with the Young Men's Christian Association, and the Christian Evidence Society (CES); suffered a cardiac seizure after a meeting of the CES and was found dead in his study; Royal Society, 1853; Davy Medal, 1897; died, 1902.

William Ewart Gladstone was born in Liverpool in 1809, the youngest son of Sir John Gladstone, 1st Baronet (1764-1851). He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, graduating in 1831 with a double first. He was elected to parliament in 1832 and served successively as MP for Newark, Oxford University, South Lancashire, Greenwich and Midlothian; intially he was a Conservative, but he joined the Liberal party in 1859. He was Chancellor of the Exchequer 4 times before serving as Prime Minister, also 4 times (1868-1874, 1880-1885, 1886 and 1892-1894). He tried twice unsuccessfully to introduce Home Rule in Ireland (1886 and 1893). His working relationship with Queen Victoria was famously difficult. Gladstone was much involved in efforts to 'rescue' and rehabilitate London prostitutes, and he read and wrote widely on religion, literature, economics and politics. In later life he was nicknamed 'Grand Old Man'.

Gladstone Park and Neasden Federated Synagogue was linked to the Federation of Synagogues until 1936, when it joined forces with Dollis Hill Synagogue and as a result became affiliated to the United Synagogue. The name of the Gladstone Park Synagogue was discontinued and the united congregation were known as the Dollis Hill Synagogue. Dollis Hill became a District Synagogue in 1937 and a Constituent Synagogue in 1946.

Glanfield Securities Limited was founded in 1853 as G Glanfield and Son, clothiers. The company was incorporated in 1916 and was taken over by Legal and General, circa 1960.

The Company had several addresses: 32 Dempsey Street, Stepney (1852-5), 247 Bethnal Green Road (1855-89), Eldon Street (1889-90), 462 Bethnal Green Road (1890-1908), 1,3,5 Brick Lane (1908-40), Harrow (1941-3), Benfleet (1943-56) and Leeds.

The Glasgow Union Banking Company was established in 1830. As a result of various amalgamations the company became known as the Union Bank of Scotland in 1843.

Glazebrook, Steel and Company Limited, merchants and shippers of Manchester, was formed in 1884 to supply Bombay with Lancashire textiles. The business was originally named Wallace and Company, Manchester, England and was created by Alexander and Robert Walllace. Until 1931, Wallace Brothers had a substantial shareholding in the Company and the right to nominate the governing director. After 1931 the shareholding was reduced but Wallace Brothers continued to maintain close links with the company.

The Architecture Foundation was founded in 1991 to promote contemporary architecture through exhibitions, competitions and design initiatives.

In 1957 the Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London was set up under the chairmanship of Sir Edwin Herbert. Their terms of reference were 'to examine the present system and working of local government in the area' and 'to recommend whether any, and if so what, changes in the local government structure and the distribution of local authority functions in the area, or any part of it, would better secure effective and convenient local government'. After nearly three years consideration of these issues the Commission reported in 1960, recommending a radical reorganisation of London's local government. All existing local authorities except the City of London Corporation were to be abolished, a council for Greater London was to be established, and new boroughs were to be created. When the Local Government Act, based on the Royal Commission report, was introduced into Parliament it was met with considerable opposition. Some amendments were passed, but the Bill was passed into law without major alterations. An Inner London Education Authority was provided so that education could continue to be handled on a wider county level. Thirty-two new London borough councils were established, and the Greater London Council (GLC) was formed. The first elections were held in 1965. The GLC replaced the London County Council (LCC) and covered a much wider area, incorporating much of Middlesex and parts of Surrey, Hertfordshire Kent and Essex into 'Greater London'.

The GLC had overall responsibility at a strategic level for local government in the Greater London area. The Council's role was to improve the well being of all those who lived in, worked in or visited London; to safeguard and promote London's interests and to influence the conditions necessary for future social, economic and physical development. The Council was responsible for a number of services which were considered best dealt with on a London-wide basis, rather than managed individually by each borough. These included refuse disposal, Thames flood prevention, land drainage, the fire service, supply service for local authorities, and research, intelligence and scientific services. The Council also had policy and financial control of London Transport. The GLC worked closely with the 32 London boroughs and the Corporation of London and shared responsibility with them for road planning, traffic management, housing and the provision of parks and open spaces. The GLC also worked with the Inner London Education Authority to provide educational services for Inner London.

The Council comprised 92 Members, each elected for single Member electoral areas identical with the parliamentary constituencies. Elections took place every four years. The Chairman of the Council was elected annually, and had to preside at Council and act as host or representative of the Council on civic and ceremonial occasions. The majority political party represented on the Council exercised political control through the Leader's Committee, a policy coordinating body which set the policy framework for the rest of the Council. The Leader of the Council was its political head, elected by the majority party. There was also a Leader of the Opposition, elected by his Party colleagues. The majority parties were as follows:

1964 election: Labour

1967 election: Conservative

1970 election: Conservative

1973 election: Labour

1977 election: Conservative

1981 election: Labour.

The Council managed its activities by setting objectives, developing policies and plans, determining priorities and allocating resources to enable them to be carried out. Programmes of work were implemented, controlled and monitored to ensure the effective use of resources. The Council appointed a number of Committees to oversee its work, each with membership reflecting the political composition of the overall Council. The Committees were organised into four main policy groups. Within the policy framework set by the Leader's Committee, the Policy Committee of each group developed major policies and exercised overall control and policy direction within the group. Responsibility for objectives, policies, plans, general supervision and control in the several areas within each group rested with management committees. The four main Policy Committees were as follows:

The Policy and Resources Committee dealt with:

• the major elements of a comprehensive strategic policy for Greater London and the framework for its achievement, including links with other bodies

• the coordination of the principal objectives of the Council's programmes and their relationship to its strategic policies

• the balance between the Council's programmes and the resources available

• the Council's general management framework

• financial and manpower planning and policy

• the budget of the Council and the London Transport Executive

• tourism

• security and review of performance

• oversight of Management Committees.

Sub-committees included the Finance and Establishment Committee, the General Management Committee, the Legal and Parliamentary Committee and the Professional and General Services Committee.

The Planning and Communications Committee was responsible for:

• discharging the Council's function as strategic planning authority including the monitoring, review and amendment of the Greater London Development Plan and the formulation of guidelines for its implementation

• liaising on broad planning and transport policies with various statutory and other bodies

• developing policies and programmes for passenger and freight transport for Greater London

• making recommendations to the Council for the approval of Transport Policies and Programmes, for the approval of the general level and structure of fares on London Transport, for directions to the London Transport Executive and on the appointment of members of the Executive

• laying down guidelines for the exercise of the Council's powers and duties under the Community Land Act 1975

• considering aspect of aviation as it affects Greater London.

Sub-committees included the Area Planning Committees, Industry and Employment Committee, London Transport Committee, Covent Garden Committee and Historic Buildings Committee.

The Housing Policy Committee was responsible for:

• all housing policy

• matters relating to the acquisition, purchase and development of housing by all agencies

• rehabilitation and improvement of housing owned by the Council

• home loans

• matters relating to the management, maintenance and disposal of the Council's dwellings

• the planning and development of Thamesmead

• matters relating to new and expanding towns.

Sub-committees included the Housing Development Committee, Housing Management Committee, Thamesmead Committee and Town Development Committee.

The Recreation and Community Services Committee determined policy in relation to:

• recreation

• the Green Belt

• smallholdings

• support of the arts

• public health and safety

• London Fire Brigade

• entertainments licensing.

Sub-committees included the Arts Committee, the Fire Brigade Committee, the Open Spaces and Recreation Committee and the Public Services Committee.

The permanent staff of the Council were headed by the Director-General, the Council's Chief Executive. His Board, consisting of the Council's most senior officers (known as Controllers), advised Members on policy matters and major issues and were responsible for the implementation of Council decisions. The Council's business was divided into six programme areas - housing, transportation, public health and safety, recreation and community services, planning, and general services - each managed by a Board chaired by a Controller. The Board brought together representatives of all departments concerned with that programme area. The Council's permanent staff were organised into 14 specialist departments, each with its own internal management headed by a chief officer. The 14 departments were: Architecture and Civic Design, Establishments, Fire Brigade, Housing, Legal and Parliamentary, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Director General's, Medical, Parks, Planning and Transportation, Public Health Engineering, Supplies, Treasurer's, and Valuation and Estates.

From 1981 onwards the GLC, led by Ken Livingstone, and the Conservative government of the time, led by Margaret Thatcher, had a series of high profile clashes. These mostly related to GLC policies which were considered at odds with central government policy - for example, the government wished to cut public spending but the GLC pursued a high-spend policy, notably through subsidy of transport fares. In 1983 the government proposed to abolish the GLC and the six metropolitan county councils, citing the inefficient bureaucracy of the Council and claiming that local boroughs could perform the same functions. A campaign was launched in opposition of the proposal to abolish but was unsuccessful. The GLC ceased to exist on 1 April 1986. Its functions were divided between local boroughs, central government and new London wide bodies such as the London Planning Advisory Committee, the London Research Centre, and the London Ecology Unit.

In 2000 a new Greater London Authority was established, performing a similar function to the GLC.

The club met in Hoxton, but its membership included many City figures. It was wound up in 1880.

Information not available at present.