César L M Des Graz was Secretary to the Commandant of the ASTROLABE on the voyage, 1837-1840.
In 1836 Emperor Louis Philippe of France wanted France to play a part in the exploration of the Southern Seas. Dumont d'Urville in ASTROLABE would lead and would be accompanied by another ship LA ZELEE captained by Charles Hector Jacquinot. Seven scientists accompanied the crews on the voyage. The ships left Toulon 7 Sep 1837, the aim to locate the southern magnetic pole. On 22 Jan 1838 the ships came across Antarctic ice in the Antarctic peninsula region. They sailed across the Pacific in more temperate and tropical climes before heading south again to Tasmania arriving in November 1839. They set sail for Antarctica once again on 1 Jan 1840 and on the 19th sighted a part of the continent where the first ever landing on continental Antarctica was made. They determined the approximate position of the southern magnetic pole before heading back to Tasmania and New Zealand arriving back in Toulon France on 7 Nov 1840.
Canon Leslie Gready was born in 1933, educated at Southampton University and Wells Theological College, and ordained priest in 1957. After working in Liverpool, 1956-1959, he was based in Isandhlwana, South Africa, 1959-1960, and subsequently worked as a priest in Rhodesia ( he was Director of Training in Matabeleland, 1961-1973). In 1966 he photographed two policemen beating a black african in the Lukampa Rest Camp. He had a conversation with the local police troop commander, and reported the incident to the Ministry of Justice.
This life assurance company was established in 1844 and incorporated by special act in 1862. It was acquired by National of Ireland in 1882. Its offices were situated successively at 101 Cheapside and 14 Waterloo Place.
The Great Central Gas Consumers Company was founded in 1849. Consumers Gas Companies were usually set up in consequence of dissatisfaction with the existing suppliers, in this case the City of London Gas Light and Coke Company and the Chartered Gas Light and Coke Company, which were both charging high amounts for their gas. According to the Act of Parliament which established the Company, it was obliged to sell gas at 4 shillings per 1000 cubic feet, and to take profits of 10 percent maximum. Any profit above 10 percent was to be put towards the reduction of prices. The Company had a gas works at Bow Common. In 1870 it was taken over by the Chartered Gas Light and Coke Company.
The National Standard Theatre, located in Shoreditch High Street, was originally built in 1837 with a horse shoe auditorium seating 3,400 but was destroyed by fire in 1866; rebuilt and reopened December 1867 with a seating capacity of 3000; rebuilt for a third time by Bertie Crewe with a capacity of 2,463; by November 1926 it was in use as a cinema called The New Olympia Picturedrome; building demolished in 1940.
The Great Northern and City Railway ran between Finsbury Park and Moorgate stations. The line was constructed underground but with wide tunnels which could accommodate overland surface-gauge rolling stock, with the intention of allowing trains from the Great Northern Railway to run through to Moorgate.
The railway came under the control of the Metropolitan Railway in 1913, although plans to build an extension to connect it to the Metropolitan Line did not come to fruition. In 1935 it was taken over by the Northern Line and renamed the 'Northern City Line', becoming a branch of the 'Bank branch' of the Northern Line. In 1976 the line was transferred to British Rail and finally used for its intended purpose, when a commuter service was begun running from Moorgate to Welwyn and Hertford.
The Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway was formed in 1902, following a merger of the the Brompton and Piccadilly Circus Railway and the Great Northern and Strand Railway. The company was a subsidiary of the Underground Electric Railways Company of London Limited. The underground line was opened in 1906, running between Hammersmith and Finsbury Park, today forming the central part of the Piccadilly line.
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children was founded on its Bloomsbury site in 1852, as the Hospital for Sick Children. It became part of the National Health Service in 1948.
Great Ormond Street Hospital was founded in 1852. It went through many stages of expansion and building at its Bloomsbury site.
Great Ormond Street Hospital was founded in 1852, in Bloomsbury. It has undergone several changes of name since its foundation, that of Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children dates from 1994.
Great Ormond Street Hospital was founded in 1852 by Charles West on its current site in Bloomsbury as the Hospital for Sick Children. It was the first children's hospital in Britain. It became part of the NHS in 1948 and took over the Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Sick Children in 1968. It went through several changes of name during this period and adopted its current name in 1994.
Great Ormond Street Hospital was founded in 1852 by Charles West on its current site in Bloomsbury as the Hospital for Sick Children. It was the first children's hospital in Britain. It became part of the NHS in 1948 and took over the Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Sick Children in 1968. It went through several changes of name during this period and adopted its current name in 1994.
Cromwell House opened in 1868 as a convalescent home. Since it opened in 1852, the hospital had sent children to convalescent homes, generally at the expense of hospital supporters. Children were regularly transported to Mitcham, and to the seaside at Margate, Brighton, Torquay and Eastbourne, in the hope that rest and country or sea air would help them regain health and strength.
The governors settled on Cromwell House, a mansion in Highgate Village, that had been used as a boys’ school for many years, and had suffered a catastrophic fire in 1865. The house was built in the early 17th century, and, coincidentally, had medical associations dating back to the time of the marriage of Charles II and Catherine of Braganza. The Queen’s physician, Dr Fernando Moses Mendes, (a Portuguese Jewish convert to Christianity who attended Charles II in his final illness), lived in the house when it was owned by his cousin, Alvaro Jacob Mendes, a diamond merchant. The hospital negotiated a 70-year lease, at an annual rent of £250, and the hospital spent £3,000 on fitting it out as a suitable place to care for sick children. It had space for 20 beds for convalescents, and 32 for chronic cases (12 medical and 20 surgical).
The numbers treated crept up, and by 1885, Cromwell House had provided care for 98 convalescent and 152 chronic patients. The vast majority of the patients cared for in Highgate were chronic cases, that is, suffering from long-term debilitating conditions that required continuing skilled treatment.
From 1870, parents were allowed to visit their children at Cromwell House on Sunday afternoons. Highgate had been originally intended for both in and out patients, but always had far more in-patients, as it was difficult to arrange their removal to north London unless the children actually passed through the hospital. Many children who would not have benefited from treatment in the hospital were presented for admission to Great Ormond Street with governors' letters, but who would be expected to gain much from a spell at Cromwell House. By 1870, these children were brought into Great Ormond Street for only a day or two before being sent up the hill to 'healthy Highgate'.
The staff at Cromwell House, away from the management committee, enjoyed more freedom, but also more individual responsibility, than their Great Ormond Street counterparts. In 1869 it was run by a lady superintendent, just one experienced nurse, two assistant nurses, a convalescent nurse or teacher, a cook, two housemaids, one kitchen maid, and a porter-cum-gardener. There was only one night nurse on duty, who had charge from 9.30 p.m. until 7.30 am.
No admissions were allowed from the fever wards, or where the patient or a member of his or her family had had an eruptive fever in the previous two months. All children admitted had to be able to walk, and to partly feed and dress themselves, and the patients had to be able to observe the regulations regarding the hours of rising, meals and rest. There was a strict veto on epileptics, idiots, the insane, or those who needed a lot of care at night. While these regulations certainly restricted the numbers of children admitted to Cromwell House, the biggest filter was the fact that parents were expected to pay two and sixpence in transport costs to get their child to and from Highgate, and sixpence a week for washing.
Great Ormond Street kept Cromwell House open until the early 1920s, when it became clear that the old mansion was no longer suitable for long-term convalescent care, and that metropolitan London had crept up Highgate Hill, enveloping the house and garden in pollution and traffic noise. A new mansion (complete with extensive parkland) was found near Epsom on Surrey, and Tadworth Court became the new convalescent branch of Great Ormond Street Hospital. The main house was partly given over to wards, but mostly for offices, and single-storey pavilions were built in the grounds to house non-ambulant patients more easily.
Cromwell House’s medical associations did not end with the departure of the patients, however; it became home to the first Mothercraft School set up in this country, according to the tenets of the Dr Spock of his day, New Zealand paediatrician Sir Frederic Truby King. Today it is home to the Ghanayan Embassy.
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children was founded on its Bloomsbury site in 1852, as the Hospital for Sick Children. It became part of the National Health Service in 1948.
Great Ormond Street Hospital was founded in 1852 on its Bloomsbury site. It has undergone several changes of title since its foundation. Its current description, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, dates from 1994.
Great Ormond Street Hospital was founded in 1852 by Charles West on its current site in Bloomsbury as the Hospital for Sick Children. It was the first children's hospital in Britain. It became part of the NHS in 1948 and took over the Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Sick Children in 1968. It went through several changes of name during this period and adopted its current name in 1994.
Great Ormond Street Hospital for children was founded in 1852 by Charles West on its current site in Bloomsbury. It was the first children's hospital in Great Britain. The press cuttings were collected by the hospital management from 1857.
Great Ormond Street Hospital for children was founded in 1852 by Charles West on its current site in Bloomsbury. It was the first children's hospital in Great Britain. The administrative records were kept by the boards and committees of the hospital from its foundation.
The Great Synagogue was founded in 1690, and was situated on Duke's Place, near Aldgate in the City of London. The Synagogue was the first in England built for Ashkenazi Jews and for many years it was the centre of Ashkenazi life in London. It was one of the original five synagogues which grouped together to form the United Synagogue in 1870. The Hambro Synagogue was incorporated into it in 1936. Chief Rabbi Nathan Adler was the rabbi there 1845-1890, succeeded by his son Chief Rabbi Hermann Adler, 1890-1911. The synagogue was destroyed by enemy action in 1941.
The Great Western (London) Housing Association, or the Great Western (London) Garden Village Society as it was known until 1947, was established in 1923. Its aim was to provide houses at moderate rents for employees of the Great Western Railway Company and their families in the London area. This co-operative scheme was set up largely in response to the acute housing shortage after the First World War.
The Great Western Railway Company acquired sites at Acton and Hayes. The company then leased the land to the association as and when it was required. The houses were built in groups of fifty, the first being completed and occupied between May and November 1924. A financial agreement between the company and the association enabled the company to lend the association up to ninety per cent of the approved cost of the houses, the loan being secured by a mortgage. The association was administered by the Welsh Town Planning and Housing Trust until 1976. The trust was experienced in the formation and management of garden villages in England and Wales. The administration was taken over by the Family Housing Association until June 1980, when the Great Western (London) Housing Association elected to employ its own administrative staff. The association was managed by a committee of management, which consisted of between seven and eleven people elected by the association's members.
When the opportunity arose in December 1983 for the association to buy the freehold interest in its properties from the British Railways Board, it was unable to raise the capital on its own. A joint venture agreement was therefore entered into, whereby the shareholder tenants were able to purchase their properties from the board and the association. Ninety seven per cent of the shareholders took advantage of this offer, leaving the association with only thirty rented properties. It was decided to transfer these to a new housing association. Thus, the Great Western (London) Housing Association was dissolved in 1990.
The Great Western (London) Housing Association is referred to in the catalogue as 'the association'.
Brentford, in 1950 renamed Brentford Central, and Kew Bridge stations opened in 1849 on the London and South Western Railway's loop line through Chiswick to Hounslow, so connecting Brentford with Waterloo. The line was joined near Kew Bridge in 1853 by the North and South-Western Junction Railway Company's line from Acton, itself connected to Kew Bridge station in 1862. Beyond the town the line to Hounslow was crossed by the Great Western and Brentford Railway Company's single track branch from Southall past Brentford goods yard, in Isleworth parish, to Brentford dock. Opened for freight in 1859 and for passengers to Brentford End in 1860, the branch was acquired by the Great Western Railway, which had leased it, in 1872 and was converted to a double track in 1876. It closed in 1964, passenger services having ceased in 1942, whereupon the tracks south of the goods yard were lifted and the railway bridge beyond the western end of Brentford High Street was demolished.
From: 'Ealing and Brentford: Communications', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 7: Acton, Chiswick, Ealing and Brentford, West Twyford, Willesden (1982), pp. 101-105.
Great Winchester Street Estates Limited was established in 1928 as a subsidiary of Gresham House Estate Company Limited (CLC/B/106-03) to hold an 'island' site between London Wall and Great Winchester Street, comprising approximately one acre. The company went into voluntary liquidation in 1958 and the site was sold in 1960. The company's offices were in Gresham House, Old Broad Street.
Greater Access to Publishing (GAP) was a campaigning body, set up in 1987 and affiliated to Women in Publishing. They were an independent group of women from various cultural backgrounds working in the publishing industry. Their companies included The Women's Press, Virago, Longmans, Harrap Columbus, Black Ink, Bogle-L'Ouverture, Arawide and Springboard. They aimed to highlight publishing as an option for Black women. They held meetings on the first Thursday of each month.
The group held a One Day Conference to highlight which offered workshops on various aspects of publishing and personal histories of women in publishing.
The records appear to be the office papers of Mr G. R. Pope who was acting as Advertising Manager to the campaign.
On the abolition of the Greater London Council in 1986, the functions of its Architect's Department's Historic Buildings Division were handed over to the London Region of English Heritage. The plans and files formerly belonging to the Historic Buildings Division form the bulk of this collection.
The division was involved with the refurbishment, repair and general maintenance of buildings within the Greater London area which were deemed as being of historic or architectural significance. English Heritage continued this work after 1986 and in many cases files and plans of individual buildings will originate from both the GLC and English Heritage, and also sometimes from the GLC's predecessor, the London County Council.
In addition to these responsibilities, English Heritage is involved with the statutory listing of historic and architecturally significant buildings, and also with town planning and civic design, and these two areas of its work are also represented in the archive.
On the abolition of the Greater London Council in 1986, the functions of its Architect's Department's Historic Buildings Division were handed over to the London Region of English Heritage.
The division was involved with the refurbishment, repair and general maintenance of buildings within the Greater London area which were deemed as being of historic or architectural significance. English Heritage continued this work after 1986.
In addition to these responsibilities, English Heritage is involved with the statutory listing of historic and architecturally significant buildings, and also with town planning and civic design.
The Greater London Council Gay Rights Working Party was formed in 1981 to investigate gay issues in the London area. Its work culminated in the publication of Changing the world: a London charter for gay and lesbian rights (GLC, London, 1985). The working party was particularly concerned with employment rights and police attitudes, and liaised with gay groups throughout the capital. It ceased to exist following the dissolution of the GLC in 1986.
The GLAWARS was set up in April 1984 during the height of the Cold War by the Greater London Council (GLC) to investigate the impact of a nuclear or conventional war on London. To date the GLAWARS has been the most extensive scientific investigation of possibilities for civil protection and civil defence of a metropolitan area in a modern war.
During 1979 the Government's perceived lack of readiness for such attack pushed the Home Office into publishing in May 1980 a public information series called 'Protect and Survive' on civil defence. It was intended to inform British citizens on how to protect themselves during a nuclear attack, and consisted of a mixture of pamphlets, radio broadcasts, and public information films. However many thought the publication misleading when confronted by the real outcome of nuclear war. In 1983 the GLC was required to draw up civil defence plans for the city under the Civil Defence Regulations and asked the Government for more information about the scale and nature of any likely attack, but met a refusal from the Home Office.
In 1984 Ken Livingstone's GLC commissioned the GLAWARS research project to consider the effect of an attack on London and Londoners. The brief was to establish how London would cope with an all-out attack, nuclear or otherwise, and what would happen to the capital's residents, the food, the water, roads, railways, houses and hospitals. The GLC appointed an international Commission of five experts guiding the direction of the study who were Dr Anne Ehrlich (Stanford University USA), Dr S William Gunn (International Red Cross/Head of Emergency Relief Operations, World Health Organisation), Dr Stuart Horner (DMO, Croydon Health Authority/British Medical Association Council Member), Vice-Admiral John M Lee (Assistant Director, US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, retired) and Dr Peter Sharfman (US Congress Office of Technology Assessment).
At the same time, the GLC commissioned the Polytechnic of the South Bank (now London South Bank University) to carry out the GLAWARS study, under the overall direction of the Commission. In all 44 expert authors, including scientists, military experts and disaster-relief specialists, mostly from outside the Polytechnic, produced 33 separate research papers on topics such as Emergency Nursing Services, Nuclear Blast and Building Stress, Communication Destruction and Food Pollution. The researchers took as the basis of their report, five scales of nuclear attack ranging from eight megatons dropped on Britain by bombers carrying nuclear bombs and air-to-surface missiles to 10-35 megatons targeted on London alone by SS20 missiles. The report also addressed the possibilty of a conventional, non-nuclear attack on London's services.
The final horrifying results were presented to the GLC in early 1986 and were subsequently published in June 1986 in a 397-page book entitled 'London Under Attack: The Report of the Greater London Area War Risk Study'. The book was highly critical of Government and Home Office policy on civil defence and with its specific and merciless statistics destroyed the fairy tale of survival after a nuclear attack. "The prospect facing those who initially survived would be fear, exhaustion, disease, pain and long, lonely misery. Avoiding a nuclear war is still the only way of avoiding this fate", warns the Report. The depth and breadth of the conclusions of the GLAWARS went far beyond any investigation previously available to any official body, country or organization, and have since been found applicable to most major urban centres.
The Greater London Council Staff Dramatic Club began in 1903 as the School Board for London Staff Dramatic Club. From the start the club was administered by a small committee elected at an annual general meeting. The London School Board, established in 1870, was abolished under the 1902 and 1903 Education Acts and its work was assumed by the London County Council in April 1904. The club continued as the LCC (Education) Staff Dramatic Club or more simply the LCC Dramatic Club until 1965. In that year the provisions of the London Local Government Act of 1963 came into force and the newly formed Greater London Council began its work. The club was subsequently known as the Greater London Council (Staff) Dramatic Club.
The Greater London Council (GLC) was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986. It replaced the earlier London County Council (LCC) which had covered a much smaller area.It had a number of sub-committees. The Women's Committee was set up in 1982 under Ken Livingston's administration. The first Chair was Valerie Wise appointed 11 May 1982.
In response to a call from the leftist resistance movement EAM (Ethnikon Apeleftherotikon Metopon) for a government of national unity, Greeks in England formed a Greek United Committee in 1943 under the sponsorship of Sir Compton Mackenzie, the author and philhellene. Much of the support came from the Federation of Greek Maritime Unions (FGMU), which had its wartime base in Cardiff. Other supporters included a Smyrniot carpet merchant, E Athanassoglou. But under wartime conditions of censorship the Committee could reach only a restricted section of opinion, and in 1944 Winston Churchill prohibited favourable mention of the Greek resistance movement EAM-ELAS (Ethnikon Apeleftherotikon Metopon-Ethnikos Laikos Apeleftherotikos Stratos) by the BBC. The FGMU therefore sponsored a news agency, of which Diana Pym became secretary. The agency's first campaign concerned conditions in concentration camps in Erithrea (Ertra) and the Sudan. The news agency issued press releases and, from 1946, a Weekly Survey of Greek News. It closed at the end of 1962, but was re-opened in 1969 by Andonis Ambatielos (former FGMU secretary) and his English wife, Betty, and resumed the issue of press releases and monthly surveys until Ambatielos returned to junta Greece in 1974 and was arrested. In 1945, the election of a Labour government raised hopes of a change in British policy towards Greece, but the appointment of Ernest Bevin as Foreign Secretary ensured continuity with existing policy. A British pressure group was founded to campaign for a change in policy and for the Greek left-wing resistance. The League for Democracy in Greece (LDG) was launched at a public meeting at the Garrick Theatre in London in October 1945 under the presidency of Sir Compton Mackenzie and with D M Pritt QC, MP in the chair. Diana Pym became secretary. The League aimed to rebuild and strengthen the traditional friendship between the peoples of Greece and Britain on the basis of the establishment and development of democracy in Greece; to enlighten the British public about the situation in Greece and to promote cultural relations between the two countries; to provide relief to Greeks who suffered for their democractic beliefs and activities, their dependants, and the dependants of Greeks who died fighting for democracy; and to work for a general amnesty for Greek democrats imprisoned for political reasons, the restoration of trade unions and civil liberties, and the suppression of armed terrorism and the trial and punishment of collaborators during the occupation (the latter deleted as obsolete in the late 1960s). The relief functions, initially exercised by a sub-committee (the League for Democracy in Greece Relief Committee), were later taken over by a Greek Relief Fund. The LDG adopted a constitution in 1946. Marion Pasco (after 1952 Marion Sarafis, wife of Stefanos Sarafis, former commander of the wartime ELAS resistance movement) acted as joint secretary, 1946-1952, with Diana Pym. At its inauguration, the League had support from Labour Members of Parliament (MPs), including some who had served in Greece. Influencing parliamentary action was a major part of its work, and involved supplying information to MPs for questions in the House and briefing them to take up cases with the Foreign Office. The League's sphere of action extended to the trade union field and speakers from the League used available opportunities to address trade union branches, Trades Councils and local Labour parties, with a peak year in 1949 when League speakers addressed 255 meetings. The fall of the colonels' junta in 1974, followed by elections and the referendum on the monarchy, was thought to make the League's services unnecessary, and it renamed itself Friends of Democracy in Greece and continued on a stand-by basis, with a small list of supporters and a bi-annual bulletin.
The earliest individual concerned, William Edward Green, trained at Sydenham College, Birmingham, and the Birmingham General Hospital; he passed as MRCS in 1867 and as LSA in 1869. He practised at Sandown (Isle of Wight) before settling at Ross-on-Wye, where he spent the remainder of his career. He last appears in the Medical Directory in 1922. Arthur Llewellyn Baldwin Green, presumably his son, passed as MRCS and LRCP in 1902 and joined the same practice, last appearing in the Medical Directory in 1970. Another member of the practice, Walter Holcroft Cam, passed as MRCS and LRCP in 1909 and last appears in the Medical Directory for 1938.
Ernest Green (1885-1977) was Secretary of the Yorkshire District of the Workers' Education Association (WEA) from 1923 to 1928 when he moved to London to take up the post of national Assistant General Secretary. In 1931 he became the Organising Secretary with responsibility for dealing with WEA districts, branches, affiliated societies and the Workers' Education Trade Union Committee (WETUC). He was appointed General Secretary in 1934 and retired in 1950.
Born, 1911; educated at Harrow and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into the Coldstream Guards, 1932; service in Aldershot, Hampshire, and on public duties in London, 1932-1939; Lt, 1935; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; service with British Expeditionary Force (BEF), Belgium and France, 1939-1940; temporary Capt, 1939-1940; Capt, 1940; General Staff Officer 3, Southern Command, UK, 1941; acting Maj, 1941-1942; Bde Maj, 136 Infantry Bde, 1941-1942; Headquarters, 24 Guards Independent Infantry Bde, North Africa, 1942-1943; temporary Maj, 1942-1946; served in North Africa and Italy, 1943-1945; Military Assistant to Lt Gen Sir Archibald (Edward) Nye, Vice Chief of the Imperial General Staff, War Office, 1945; Maj, 1946; Military Assistant to FM Alan Francis Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, Jan-Sep 1946; General Staff Officer 2, Offices of the Cabinet, Sep-Dec 1946; General Staff Officer 2, Ministry of Defence, 1947; retired to Reserve of Officers, 1947; racing commentator for BBC, 1948-1954; restored to Active List, 1949; temporary Lt Col, 1951-1954; General Staff Officer 1, Specially Employed, 1951-1954; Lt Col, 1955; Commanding Officer, 2 Bn, Coldstream Guards, 1955-1958; Col, 1958; temporary Brig, 1958; commanded 1 Federal Infantry Bde, Malaya, 1958-1961; awarded CBE, 1961; Chief of Staff, Headquarters London District, 1961-1964; Brig, 1962; retired, 1964; appointed Director of Security for the Turf Authorities, 1964; Justice of the Peace, West Sussex, 1967; Director of Apprentice School, 1969-1983; retired, 1977; Hon Member of Jockey Club, 1977; President of Jockey's Valets Association, 1977; Director, Paul Kelleways (Bloodstock Agency), 1978; died, 1986.
Dr. Leedham-Green was the eldest son of C.A. Leedham-Green, sometime Professor of Surgery at Birmingham University. He read natural science (chemistry) at Oxford, before going to the Middlesex Hospital where, in 1930, he was awarded the Hetley clinical prize and qualified MRCS,LRCP. He worked at the General Hospital, Birmingham and the North Staffordshire Royal Infirmary, and during the second world war served in the RAMC with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in Scotland and West Africa. After the war he became a general practitioner in Southwold and was a founder member of the Royal College of General Practitioners.
Born, London, 1791; studied in Germany, [1806-1809]; apprenticed at the College of Surgeons to his uncle, Henry Cline; pupil at St Thomas's Hospital; demonstrator of anatomy, St Thomas's Hospital, 1813; diploma of the College of Surgeons, 1815; private surgical practice in Lincoln's Inn Fields, 1815-1836; private course in philosophy in Berlin, 1817; Lecturer on anatomy and later surgery, St Thomas's Hospital, 1818-[1852]; Surgeon, St Thomas's Hospital, 1820-1852; Professor of Anatomy, College of Surgeons, 1824; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1825; Professor of Anatomy to the Royal Academy, 1825-1852; Professor of Surgery, King's College, 1830-1837; close friend and was literary executor of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 1834, becoming interested in systematising, developing, and establishing the doctrines of Coleridgean philosophy; life member, 1835, examiner, 1846, President, 1849-1850, 1858-1859, College of Surgeons; Hunterian orator, 1841, 1847; DCL, Oxford, 1853; College of Surgeons representative on the General Medical Council, 1858; president, General Medical Council, 1860-1863; died, 1863.
Publications include: A letter to Sir Astley Cooper ... on certain proceedings connected with the establishment of an anatomical and surgical school at Guy's Hospital (London, 1825); The dissector's manual (printed for the Author, London, 1820); Distinction without separation. A letter to the President of the College of Surgeons on the present state of the profession (London, 1831); An address delivered in King's College, London, at the commencement of the medical session, Octr. 1832 (London, 1832); Suggestions respecting the intended plan of medical reform (London, 1834); A Manual of Modern Surgery, founded upon the principles and practice lately taught by Sir Astley Cooper Bart. ... and Joseph Henry Green edited by T Castle, fifth edition (W Rushton & Co, Calcutta, 1839); The principles and practice of Ophthalmic Surgery: comprising the anatomy, physiology and pathology of the eye, with the treatment of its diseases by B Travers and J H Green, edited by Alexander Cooper Lee (London, 1839); Vital dynamics. The Hunterian oration (W Pickering: London, 1840); The touchstone of medical reform; in three letters addressed to Sir Robert Harry Inglis, Bart (London, 1841); Mental Dynamics, or Groundwork of a professional education. The Hunterian Oration (London, 1847); Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit, and some miscellaneous pieces, etc [With an introduction by Joseph H Green] Samuel Taylor Coleridge (William Pickering: London, 1849); Spiritual philosophy 2 volumes (London, Cambridge,1865).
Margaret Mackeson Green was born in Eltham, Kent, on 14 July 1895. Although the First World War interrupted her studies, she gained a double first in history at Cambridge. She then went to Nigeria with a friend, where her interest in and love of Africa began. During this first visit, she helped to establish the first school in Kano.
She returned to Cambridge to read anthropology and was awarded a Leverhulme Grant to research the lives of Ibo women, among whom she lived for several years. She assisted with the production of the first published grammar of the Igbo language. Two of her own anthropological works were also published: Land Tenure in an Ibo Village (1941) and Ibo Village Affairs (1947). She was appointed Lecturer and Reader in West African Languages and Cultures at the School of Oriental and African Studies, 1939-1951.
Margaret Mackeson Green played an active role in seeking to alleviate the suffering of refugees during the Nigerian Civil War, and took a keen interest in the work of the Division of Inter-Church Aid Refugee World Service (DICARWS) of the World Council of Churches (WCC). She never married, and died in March 1979.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
The firm was established in 1822 when William Henry Ashurst set up practice as a solicitor at 2 Sambrook Court, Basinghall Street, London. In 1823, he went into partnership with William Henry Green under the name 'Green and Ashurst'. The partnership lasted until 1829, when Ashurst moved to 84 Newgate Street to practise alone. In 1835, Ernest Barnevelt Elliott Gainsford became a partner and the new partnership 'Ashurst and Gainsford' set up office at 137 Cheapside. However, the partnership only lasted five years, and Ashurst once again practised alone, significantly spending a year as solicitor to the Mercantile Committee helping Rowland Hill succeed in reforming the postal system. In 1843, Ashurst decided to make his son William Henry Ashurst Junior a partner under the style 'Ashurst and Son'. The firm moved to 6 Old Jewry in 1854 and remained there until 1890.
Although William Henry Ashurst devoted much time to his legal practice, he was also very involved in the politics of the day. Notably, he campaigned for the passing of the Reform Bill in 1832, abolition of church rates and number of other causes. He was a member of the Common Council of the City of London, Chairman of the Committee of City Lands and served one year as Under Sheriff. He died in 1855.
His son, who was also politically active, retired from the firm in 1864 to become a Solicitor to the General Post Office, Saint Martin's Le Grand, London. John Morris, who had worked for Ashurst and Son for many years, became a partner and the firm changed its title to 'Ashurst and Morris'. Morris was very interested in company business, especially railways. He was involved with numerous projects including those concerning the Grand Truck Railway Company of Canada, Inner Circle Line of the Metropolitan Railway and the Forth Bridge. He was also responsible for the erection of offices at 17 Throgmorton Avenue which the firm relocated to in 1890. John Morris died in 1905.
In the 1860s, the firm's title was altered to 'Ashurst Morris and Company' when partnerships were forged with Thomas Norton Harvey between 1865 and 1877 and George Davis from 1869 to 1874. Frank Crisp became a partner in 1871 and in 1877 the firm adopted the title 'Ashurst Morris Crisp and Company'. Crisp had worked for the firm for a number of years and had a particular interest in company law. As a result, he became involved with the formation of a number of companies, including Explosive Trade Limited and General Motor Cab Company, and acted for many railway companies abroad, particularly in South America. Crisp was awarded a knighthood in 1907 for his work in connection to the Companies (Consolidation) Act 1906 and was created a Baronet in 1913. He died in 1919.
Other notable partners in the firm included William Morris Junior, Thomas Outen, Roland Thomas Outen, Edward Hora and Michael Richards.
In 2003, to keep in line with competitors, Ashurst Morris Crisp was rebranded as 'Ashurst LLP'. A merger with Blake Dawson in 2012 saw the firm become the 25th largest in the world with 24 offices in 14 countries.
Offices: 2 Sambrook Court, Basinghall Street (1822 - 1829); 84 Newgate Street ( 1829 - 1835); 137 Cheapside ( 1835 - 1854); 6 Old Jewry (1854 - 1890); 17 Throgmorton Street (1890 - 1982?); Broadgate House, 7 Eldon Street (1980s); Broadwalk House, 5 Appold Street (1990s - ); all City of London.
The first ship builder connected with Blackwall Yard was Sir Henry Johnson (d.1683), who passed it on to his son (d 1693). The yard then passed on to Philip Perry who passed the firm to his second son John Perry in 1776. The yard was then taken over by Sir Robert Wigram (1744- 1830), who bought the Perry shares. In 1819 he sold half the yard to George Green and his two sons Money and Henry Loftus Wigram retained the other half. George Green (1767- 1849) was taken into partnership in 1796 and married his employer' s daughter (Miss Perry). He built the Green' s sailors' Home in the East India Dock Road in 1840-1 and the Trinity Schools and Trinity Chapel. In 1829, Richard Green, known as "Dicky Green" (1803-1863), was taken into partnership. The company became known as Green, Wigram and Green. In 1843 the eastern portion of the yard became R and H Green's and the western portion Money Wigram and sons. "Dicky" left the practical side of the yard to his brother Henry who was trained as both shipwright and seaman. In 1858 the East India Company dissolved due to the Indian Mutiny. This led to much competition with individual firms and the Green' s Blackwall line became occupied with purchasing and building vessels in the interests of valauble eastern trade and the Australian passenger trade. In 1855 the Greens became involved with the Crimean War, they built 14 screw gunboats over 200 tons. Dicky Green was a lover of teak and British Oak and would not build using iron, but, after his death all opposition was removed and the firm built their first iron ship, the SUPERB (lauched 1866). Money and Wigram and son' s shipyard closed in 1893, sold to the London Midland and Scottish Railway. The fleet was sold to Mr Allen Hughes. R and H Green, from the 1970's onwards built mainly paddle steamers; the final ship built was the AMY in 1903. R and H Green merged with Silley Weir Ltd in 1910 and became shiprepairers. In 1918 R and H Green and Silley Weir Ltd took over Cox and Co Ltd and acquired Falmouth Docks and Engineering Co. In 1977, London Graving Dock Co Ltd merged with R and H Green and Silley Weir Ltd and became the River Thames Shiprepairers Ltd (ceased trading 1982).
Born, 1929; educated, Grocers' Company's School, Hackney; taught Jewish religion classes in east London and officiating in synagogue ceremonial; Jews' College; BA in Hebrew and Aramaic, 1951; MA in Hebrew and Aramaic, 1953; studied for a BA in English at Birkbeck College, 1951-1954; Postgrad Certificate in Education; primary school teacher, 1954-1957; Head of English Department at Hasmonean Grammar School, Hendon, 1957-1964; taught evening classes at Goldsmiths' College, 1965; research assistant in the Survey of English Usage, University College London (UCL), 1965-1968; PhD, 1967; Visiting Professor in English language at the University of Oregon, Eugene, 1968-1969; Associate Professor at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 1969-1972; Visiting Professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1972-1973; chair in English language, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 1972-1983; Quain Professor of English language and literature, UCL, 1983-1990; Director of the Survey of English Usage, 1983-1996; resigned the Quain chair, 1990, but continued as a Research Professor Director of the Survey of English Usage; founded the International Corpus of English; Dean of the Faculty of Arts, UCL, 1988-1990; Visiting Professor, English Department, UCL, 1990-1995; died, 1996.
Richard Hunter, FRCP (1923-1891) and Ida Macalpine, FRCP (1899-1974), were psychiatrists and historians of psychiatry.
Reverend W E Freeman Greene served most of his ministry in the Diocese of London.
Greene entered the Admiralty as a Higher Division Clerk in 1881 From 1887 to 1892 he was Private Secretary to successive First Lords and became Principal Clerk in the Secretary's department in 1902. He was Assistant Secretary of the Admiralty, 1907 to 1911, in which year he became Permanent Secretary Considerable changes in the constitution of the Admiralty Board and other departments were made in 1917 and Greene became Secretary of the Ministry of Munitions, which post he held until his retirement in 1920.
Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp (1982-2000) was formed in response to NATO's decision in 1979 to base ground cruise missiles at Greenham Common. RAF Greenham Common had first became home to the US Army Air Force in Nov 1943, when the 354th Fighter Group moved in as part of the Allies efforts to meet the Nazi Government's aerial operations. Greenham Common, near Newbury in Berkshire, became a bomber operational training unit. Following the invasion of France, the Americans transferred their resources to France and Greenham Common reverted to RAF control until it was closed in 1946. However, as the Cold War began, it was reopened in 1951 as a US Strategic Air Command, coming into American Air Force operational control in Jun 1953. It was closed once more in 1961 only to be reopened in 1964, when it also became a NATO standby base. NATO's decision in 1979 to base ground cruise missiles at Greenham Common was a response to the proliferation of nuclear forces, which occurred throughout that decade. It was in the wake of this announcement that the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp opened at this site. In Sep 1981 a Welsh group of 36 individuals opposed to nuclear power, called Women for Life on Earth, walked 120 miles from their headquarters to raise awareness of this issue and to protest against NATO's decision to site cruise missiles at Greenham Common. On reaching their destination they chained themselves to the perimeter fence and subsequently established a 'peace camp' there which was to remain for another two decades. The 'camp' itself consisted of nine smaller camps: the first was Yellow Gate, established the month after Women for Peace on Earth reached the airbase; others established in 1983 were Green Gate, the nearest to the silos, and the only entirely exclusive women-only camp at all times, the others accepting male visitors during the day; Turquoise Gate; Blue Gate with its new age focus; Pedestrian Gate; Indigo Gate; Violet Gate identified as being religiously focussed; Red Gate known as the artists gate; and Orange Gate. A central core of women lived either full-time or for stretches of time at any one of the gate camps with others staying for various lengths of time. From the beginning, links were formed with local feminist and anti-nuclear groups across the country while early support was received from the Women's Peace Alliance in order to facilitate these links and give publicity through its newsletter. In Mar 1982 the first blockade of the base occurred, staged by 250 women and during which 34 arrests were made. In May the first attempt to evict the peace camp was made as bailiffs and police attempted to clear the women and their possessions from the site. However, the camp was simply re-located to a nearby site. That same year, in Feb 1982 the camp went onto a women only footing and in Dec 1982, in response to chain letter sent out by organisers 30,000 women assembled to surround the site and 'embrace the base'. In Jan 1983 Newbury District Council revoked the common land bylaws for Greenham Common, becoming the private landlord for the site and instituting Court proceedings to reclaim eviction costs, actions that were ruled as illegal by the House of Lords in 1990. In Apr 1991, CND supporters staged action which involved 70,000 people forming a 14-mile human chain linking Burghfield, Aldermaston and Greenham. However, the first transfer of cruise missiles to the airbase occurred in Nov 1983. Another major event occurred in Dec 1983 when 50,000 women encircled the base, holding up mirrors and taking down sections of the fence, resulting in hundreds of arrests. In 1987, the Intermediate Nuclear Forces treaty was signed by the USA and the Soviet Union, and two years later in Aug 1989 the first step in the removal of cruise missiles from the Greenham Common airbase occurred, a process that was completed in Mar 1991. The American Air Force handed control of the base to the Royal Air Force in Sep 1992, who handed the base over to the Defence Land Agent three weeks later. On 1 Jan 2000 the last of the Greenham Common Women protestors left the camp. A memorial garden was erected after this - the only individual name included in the memorial was that of Helen Wynn Thomas who had died in an accident at Greenham on 5 Aug 1989.
William Greenhill was ordained priest in 1798, having attended Trinity College Oxford.
William Alexander Greenhill was born in 1814. He was educated at Edmonton and Rugby, and then matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford in 1832. He studied medicine at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, and went to Paris to study the practice in hospitals. He graduated MB in 1839 and MD in 1840. He was appointed physician to the Radcliffe Infirmary in 1839 and held this position until 1851. He began to practice in Oxford. He worked on sanitary matters when there was an outbreak of cholera in Oxford in 1849. He was a parishioner and churchwarden of St Mary's, Oxford, and corresponded with the vicar, John Henry Newman. Also, he was a member of Dr Pusey's theological society. Whilst living in Oxford he studied the Greek and Arabic Medical writers, and he produced translations of texts. He relocated to Hastings in 1851. He was a physician for the local infirmary and worked for various public charities. He produced many publications on public health and sanitary conditions in the area. He died on 1894.
Born, 1814; educated at a private school at Edmonton and at Rugby School, 1828-1832; Trinity College, Oxford, 1832; studied at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford; visited Paris to gain knowledge of the hospital practice there, 1836-1837; physician to the Radcliffe, 1839; DM, 1840; member of the Theological Society; in the 1840s turned he studied Arabic and Greek medical writers and published a Greek and Latin edition of The Physiology of Theophilus (1842) and an English translation from the Arabic of Rhazes, entitled Treatise on the Small Pox and Measles (1847); became interested in sanitary matters, 1849; moved to Hastings, 1851; founded the Hastings Cottage Improvement Society in 1857 and remained its secretary until 1891; founded the London Labourers' Dwelling Society, secretary, 1862-1876; founded the Albert House Institution for Domestic Servants at St Leonards, Sussex; helped to found the local Mendicity Society for wayfarers; studied the writings of Sir Thomas Browne; editorial staff of the British Medical Journal;died, 1894.
Orphaned at an early age, George Bellas was brought up by his maternal grandfather Thomas Greenough, a successful apothecary. The boy was sent to Mr Cotton's school at Salthill at the age of six, and to Eton at the age of ten. He stayed there only a year, and in September 1789 entered Dr Thompson's school at Kensington. While he was at school he took the name Greenough at the request of his grandfather who had adopted him. In 1795 his grandfather died leaving him a fortune which enabled him, for the rest of his life, to devote himself wholeheartedly to his many interests without the necessity of earning a living. In that year too, he went up to Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, but he did not take a degree, and in September 1798 he went to the University of Göttingen where he became interested in geology. In 1799 Greenough made at least two tours of the Harz: one in the Easter vacation with Clement Carlyon and Charles and Frederic Parry; and the other in the late summer with Carlyon. During these tours he collected many minerals, and also studied geological collections in the towns he visited. His interest in geology deepened when in 1801 he travelled over England with Carlyon and met Humphry Davy in Penzance. Later he attended Davy's lectures, and in 1802 went to France and Italy and 'noted what I saw of geology on my way'. He went on a geological tour of Scotland with James Skene in 1805, and of Ireland with Davy in 1806: in Ireland he also made a study of social conditions. In 1807 he became associated with a group of mineralogists to which Davy referred in a letter to William Pepys, dated 13th November 1807, when he said 'We are forming a little talking Geological Club'. This club rapidly developed into a learned society devoted to geology. Greenough was to be the first president of the Geological Society from its inception in 1807 until 1813. When the future Royal Geographical Society was founded in 1830 Greenough was once again an early interested member and he was its president in 1839 and 1840. Greenough's interests were very varied, and he travelled extensively. His many journals and notebooks bear witness to the close attention which he paid not only to geological and geographical detail, but also to architecture, sculpture, painting, history and politics. He gave practical effect to this last by sitting as the MP for the pocket borough of Gatton in Surrey, from 1807 to 1812. A list in which he briefly noted some of the societies to which he belonged mentions 37, and against many of these he wrote the words 'original life member'. Greenough wrote a good deal, but he published very little, and his main achievement was the publication in 1820 of his geological map of England and Wales. This map was the culmination of many years of work during which he had noted and plotted the location of the various strata of areas visited by him and other travellers, and had gleaned information from books or from a questionnaire sent to anyone who might have local knowledge. A second edition of the map was published in 1839 together with an introduction in which he set out his theory on the manner in which geological structures should be represented on a map. In 1854 his large scale geological map of the whole of British India appeared - once again he had relied on information from questionnaires, books and travellers: in this instance they were his only sources, for he did not visit India himself. His only book, A critical examination of the first principles of geology, in a series of essays was published in 1819. He derived much pleasure from the building and design of his home, Grove Lodge, in Regent's Park, London, where he entertained members of his family from Dripsey in Ireland, and also his wide circle of friends.The diaries of his last years show his health beginning to fail in the early 1850s, and Greenough died in 1855 while travelling in Italy.