George Clement of Teddington was a surgeon.
The Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway was opened in 1907, running from Charing Cross to Golders Green with a branch line from Camden to Highgate. The line was unusual for the depth of the tunnels, the deepest point is under Hampstead Heath where the line is 250 feet below the surface. In 1923 the line was extended to Hendon and then Edgware in 1924. In the same year the line was linked to that of the City and South London Railway which ran between Clapham Common and Euston via the City. After the lines joined further extensions were made (to Morden in the south, High Barnet and Mill Hill East in the north, and a link between Charing Cross and Kennington) and the two railways were integrated into one system. In 1937 the line was renamed as the Northern Line.
The Hammersmith and City Railway was constructed by the Great Western Railway, running between Hammersmith and Westbourne Park. It was soon connected to the Metropolitan Railway's underground line. In 1867 the Metropolitan Railway purchased a share in the Hammersmith and City Railway and took over operations. The railway was a branch of the Metropolitan Line until 1988, when the line was split into the Hammersmith and City Line, running services from Hammersmith to Whitechapel, and the Metropolitan Line, running from Amersham to Aldgate.
The Harrow and Uxbridge Railway Company opened a branch line from Roxborough Lane to Uxbridge in 1904; branching off the Metropolitan Railway line which ran to Harrow. The line was electrified in 1905. The Metropolitan Railway Company absorbed the Harrow and Uxbridge Railway Company in 1906 and ran the railway as a branch of the Metropolitan Line.
The Underground Electric Railways Company of London Limited was a holding company made up of three separate companies, the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway; Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway and the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway. These railway companies founded sections of the Bakerloo Line, Northern Line and Piccadilly Line respectively. From 1908 they referred to themselves as the Underground Group andintroduced fare agreements. In 1910 the London Electric Railway Amalgamation Act was passed, merging these three companies into the London Electric Railway Company.
The London Electric Railway Company purchased the London General Omnibus Company in 1912, and also had joint ownership of the London and Suburban Traction Company which operated many tramways. In 1933 the Company was liquidated and nationalised, and services came under the control of the London Passenger Transport Board.
The London and Suburban Traction Company was formed in 1912, jointly by British Electric Traction and the Underground Electric Railways Company of London Ltd. It was formed with the purpose of merging three existing tram service providers: London United Tramways, Metropolitan Electric Tramways and South Metropolitan Electric Tramways. The company's trams operated mainly in the north of London. The Company became part of the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933. The decision was made to phase out trams to be replaced by motor buses and trolley buses, and the last tram in London ran in 1952.
In 1929 the London County Council tramways, the Underground railways and the London General Omnibus Company proposed to coordinate their services. It was not until 1933, however, that the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) was established by law. During the Second World War the government assumed control of the LPTB, and remained in charge until 1947. The LPTB became the London Transport Executive in 1948.
In 1963, under the 1962 Transport Act, the London Transport Executive became the London Transport Board, reporting to the Minister of Transport. The company continued to use the name "London Transport" in public, as it had done since 1933. The London Transport Board had responsibility for the London Underground and bus services in London, which was roughly defined as the area controlled by the Greater London Council (GLC). In 1970 responsibility for transport was transferred to the Greater London Council.
London United Tramways Company Limited was formed in 1894 in order to buy up the assets of the West Metropolitan Tramways Company, which had gone into receivership. It was part of the Imperial Tramways Company. London United operated in south and west London. It ran London's first electric tram service in 1901, between Hammersmith, Kew Bridge, Shepherd's Bush and Acton. The company was bought by the London and Suburban Traction Company in 1912, which was part of London Electric Railways, known as the London Underground Group. London United passed to the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933.
The Metropolitan Electric Tramways Company Limited was founded in 1894 as the Metropolitan Tramways and Omnibus Company Limited. The company had an agreement with Middlesex County Council to operate electric tramways that the Council was constructing. The company was purchased in 1904 by British Electric Traction who changed the name to Metropolitan Electric Tramways. The area of operations was expanded, including much of Middlesex and parts of Hertfordshire. In 1913 the company became a subsidiary of the London and Suburban Traction Company, which was co-owned by British Electric Traction and Underground Electric Railways Company of London Ltd. In 1933 the company was absorbed into the London Passenger Transport Board.
The North Metropolitan Tramways Company operated horse-drawn trams in north and east London. The company was established in the 1860s. In 1896 the London County Council purchased sections of the North Metropolitan Tramways network, although the company continued to operate trams along the lines under a fourteen year lease; as until the passing of the London County Tramways Act, 1896, the Council's powers did not extend to operating a tramway undertaking itself. Once the lease expired the Council fully bought out the company's networks and began direct management of the operation.
The Whitechapel and Bow Railway was a joint undertaking by the Metropolitan District Railway and the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway. It was constructed between 1897 and 1902, running from Whitechapel (then the terminus of the Metropolitan District Railway) to a junction at Campbell Road, near Bromley-by-Bow. The line was worked by the Metropolitan District Railway and later extended, now forming the eastern arm of the District Line.
The Metropolitan Tower Construction Company, formed to construct a tower and pleasure gardens at Wembley Park, was converted into the Wembley Park Estate Company in 1906, remaining a subsidiary of the Metropolitan Railway Company. The aim of the Company was to develop property near to the newly-built railway lines, thus increasing passenger numbers. In 1919 the Company became Metropolitan Railway Country Estates Limited.
The first assessments of 1692-3 were made under the terms of an "Act for granting to their Majesties an aid of four shillings in the pound for one year for carrying on a vigorous war against France" [4W and M c.1, 1692/3]. The Act specfied that real estate and personal property, that is buildings and moveable property as well as land, were to be taxed. It nominated, for each borough and county in England and Wales, the local commissioners who were to supervise the assessments and local collection.
The tax was voted annually, usually in the spring, until 1798 when it was transformed into a permanent tax, but was redeemable on a payment of a lump sum. It was levied on a number of different bases: as a pound rate between 1693 and 1696, as a four shillings assessment supplemented by a poll tax in 1697 and, from 1698-1798, on the system whereby each county or borough was given a fixed sum to collect. In 1949 redemption became compulsory on property changing hands and in 1963 all unredeemed land tax was abolished.
The assessors for each county are listed in the annual Acts of Parliament, until 1798. The sums collected for the counties of London, and Middlesex (and the City of Westminster) appear, until at least 1760, to have been passed to the Chamber of London and subsequently to the Exchequer.
This solicitors firm was founded by Edward Guillaume in 1836. He carried on until 1889. His sons Frederick and Thomas became partners (1864-1920 and 1868-1923 respectively). Thomas's son Theodore served from 1898 to 1973. Guillaume and Sons by early 20th century were commissioners for oaths, and commissioners for the Supreme Court of South Africa. Frederick, Thomas, Theodore, John F and Reginald Guillaume were partners. Merged with Gosling and Wilkinson in 2007 to form Guillaumes.
London office: 14 George Street, Mansion House (1859-1860); 186 Fleet Street (1875); 9 Salisbury Square (1882-) later 1 Salisbury Square, Fleet Street (1928); moved 1950s to 56 Church Street, Weybridge, Surrey (1976); 50 Church Street (2012).
Bournemouth office: Yelverton Chambers, Yelverton Road, Bournemouth, Hampshire (1891); later Hampstead Chambers, Yelverton Road, Bournemouth, Hampshire.
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
A covenant or deed of covenant was an agreement entered into by one of the parties to a deed to another. A covenant for production of title deeds was an agreement to produce deeds not being handed over to a purchaser, while a covenant to surrender was an agreement to surrender copyhold land.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
The Court of King's Bench was founded circa 1200 to hear common pleas, although it came to specialise in pleas of special interest and concern to the King, such as those which involved his own property interests, or breach of his peace, or an error of judgment by another royal court. By 1675 the King's Bench was the highest court of common law in England and Wales, with jurisdiction over both civil and criminal actions. Civil business was conducted on the 'Plea Side' and criminal business on the 'Crown Side'. It was absorbed into the High Court in 1875.
Source: The National Archives Research Guides "Legal Records Information 34" and "Legal Records Information 36"
Sawyers Lane, in 1749 linking Harrow Road at Fortune Gate with Acton Lane at Greenhill, became Greenhill Park when the area was built up in the 1870s and 1880s.
From: A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 7: Acton, Chiswick, Ealing and Brentford, West Twyford, Willesden (1982), pp. 177-182.
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.
Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
In the Post Office London Commercial Directory of 1935 Snell and Company are listed as estate agents based at 47 Maida Vale, W9, and 284 Elgin Avenue, W9. A Leonard Thomas Snell is also listed as an estate agent at the same address.
A bond was a deed, by which person A binds himself, his heirs, executors, or assigns to pay a certain sum of money to person B, or his heirs.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
The Clitherow family first became prominent as merchants in the City of London in the 16th century, acquiring property in the parishes of St Mary Woolchurch and St Andrew Undershaft (see ACC/1360/021-022) as well as in adjoining counties.
In 1635 Sir Christopher Clitherow was chosen Lord Mayor of London. One of his younger sons, James Clitherow (referred to in the list of the records as James Clitherow {I}), born in 1618, was active as a merchant and banker by 1642, until his death in 1682. In 1670 he purchased Boston Manor in New Brentford from John Goldsmith, and extensively repaired the house which had been damaged by fire (see ACC/1360/028/1-8 and ACC/1360/440). On his death in 1682 James Clitherow {I} left Boston Manor to Christopher, his only son by his third wife, who was born in 1666. He also left a son, James, by his first wife, as well as two daughters, Jane Jenyns and Elizabeth Powel. On reaching his majority Christopher Clitherow continued his father's practice of holding money on deposit for relations, friends, tenants, and other (see ACC/1360/441-442). He and his father acquired additional property in Middlesex, mainly in the parishes of Ealing, Hanwell, Isleworth and Hayes. They also purchased or inherited from other members of the Clitherow family land in Pinner, estates at Langham in Rutland, Lolham in Northamptonshire, Keyston in Huntingdonshire, and fee farm rents in Berkshire and Middlesex.
Christopher Clitherow married Rachel Paule in 1689, who bore him fifteen children before dying in 1714. Christopher Clitherow's summaries of his personal expenditure 1699-1727 (ref ACC/1360/450-472) show his anxiety to control his expenditure on his large family. He established some of his younger sons as merchants in the City of London, or in the case of Henry, as an East India merchant in Bombay (see ACC/1360/341/12), but of these only Nathaniel, a mercer, lived long enough to marry.
On Christopher Clitherow's death in 1727, Boston Manor was inherited by his eldest son, James Clitherow {II}, who appears to have been brought up to be a country gentleman, completing his education at Oxford. In January 1731 he married Philippa Gale, one of the three daughters of Leonard Gale of Crabbet in Sussex. On the deaths of both her brother Henry and her father in 1750, Philippa Clitherow and her two sisters, Elizabeth Humphery and Sarah Blunt, each inherited a third share of their lands in Crawley, Worth, Ifield, Beeding, Steyning, and East Grinstead in Sussex, as well as of his other property. They also inherited the property of their relation, Henry Gale of Ifield, who had died in 1739, subject to an annuity to his wife, Mary. The Sussex property was owned in common until 1761, when it was divided between the heirs of the three sisters.
James Clitherow {II} died in 1752 leaving Boston Manor and his other estates to his elder son, James Clitherow {III}, who was born in October 1731. By making a careful examination of his financial situation on entering into his inheritance, he discovered that his income would be considerably less than he had expected, owing mainly to the generous provision made by his father for his wife and younger children (see ACC/1360/167/11). This induced him to keep careful accounts of his expenditure, adopting some of his grandfather's methods, and to take an active part in the management of his estates, including his mother's Sussex estates which she had handed over to him on his marriage in 1757 to Ann Kemeys. He also paid great attention to the orderly keeping and labelling of title deeds and other records and papers, relating both to his estate and to family affairs. The survival of so few expired leases amongst the Clitherow papers is probably explained by the family's practice of cutting up old leases and other deeds of no apparent value and using the blank side of the parchment as covers for books or labels for bundles of documents.
In 1781 James Clitherow {III} received an unexpected bequest from a neighbour, Martha Heddin of Isleworth, the last survivor of a large family of unmarried sisters and one brother, who had died childless. Rather than dividing her property amongst her numerous impoverished cousins, Martha Heddin sought to keep intact the estates accumulated by her family in the parishes of Isleworth, Twickenham and Heston, by leaving them all to one gentleman who already had substantial property. Her intentions were largely defeated by an Irish gentleman, Lieutenant Colonel Redmond Kelly, who after her death produced a bond for 5,000 supposedly signed by Martha Heddin. In order to satisfy his claims, James Clitherow had to sell much of the Heddin property. (For full accounts of this and an "epitaph" to Martha Heddin see ACC/1360/232).
His abilities, integrity, and reputation made James Clitherow {III} much in demand as an executor of wills and as trustee of his relations' and friends' affairs. The more notable trusts included those on behalf of his brother-in-law, Sir William Blackstone, who had married Sarah Clitherow in 1761; the Bourchier family of Hertfordshire whose property included shares in a lead mine in Brittany; his cousin's husband, Philip Barling, a surgeon, who seemed to be in constant financial difficulties in his old age; the Baker family, lessees of an estate in Saint Marylebone, during the minority of Peter William Baker, who subsequently married James Clitherow's daughter, Jane, in 1781; and the Feilde family of Stanstead Abbots, Hertfordshire. Paul Feilde was one of James Clitherow's fellow trustees in what was to prove by far the most troublesome and expensive of the trusts in which he was involved, that undertaken in 1774 on behalf of John Gardner Kemeys, whose wife Jane was the sister of James Clitherow's wife, Ann. Jane Gardner Kemeys had inherited the Bartholey estate in Monmouthshire from her father, Reginald Kemeys, while her husband owned a share in the Plantain Garden River Plantation in Jamaica. By the early 1770s he was so deeply in debt that the only way to avoid ruin appeared to be obtain a private Act of Parliament enabling him to vest all his estates, settled and unsettled, in trustees, who then mortgaged them in order to raise money to pay his debts. The trustees also lent money to John Gardner Kemeys to enable him to travel to Jamaica to take over direct management of the plantation. But he failed either to pay the interest on the mortgage himself or to remit money to his trustees, resulting in the mortgagees taking possession of all his estates both in Jamaica and in Monmouthshire in 1779. Legal action was taken against the trustees forcing them to raise further large sums from their own resources. On being forced to leave Bartholey, Jane Gardner Kemeys and her daughters sought refuge in Monmouth, with the help of friends and relatives. Her troubles were compounded by the elopement of her elder daughter, Jane, with a servant, Providence Hansard. After the death of John Gardner Kemeys in 1793, his son, John Kemeys Gardner Kemeys, after many years' endeavours and the passing of two further private Acts of Parliament in 1794 and 1801 finally succeeded in regaining possession of the family estates.
On the death of James Clitherow {III} in May 1805, his estates were inherited by his only son, Colonel James Clitherow {IV}. The original deposit from the Clitherow family contained very little relating to his management of the family property, although a ledger covering the period 1805-1820 was purchased as an addition to the collection in 2013. With two exceptions, the Clitherow papers do not contain anything relating to the many public duties which Colonel James Clitherow undertook in Middlesex, where he was a Justice of the Peace and Chairman of the Committee responsible for building the first county lunatic asylum for Middlesex at Hanwell (see MA/A/J1-J2 and MJ/SP/1827/LC/1-24).
Colonel James Clitherow died in 1841 leaving no children. He left Boston Manor and his other estates to his wife, Jane, for her life, then after her death in 1847, they passed to his cousin, General John Clitherow (1782-1852). A rental book covering the period 1841-1847 was purchased as an addition to the collection in 2013. Very little survives amongst the Clitherow papers relating to the tenure of the family estates either by General Clitherow or by his only son, John Christie Clitherow, who died unmarried in 1865. Ownership of Boston Manor then passed to his cousin, Colonel Edward John Stracey, the elder son of Emma Elizabeth Clitherow, daughter of Christopher Clitherow, who had married John Stracey of Sprowston, Norfolk, the fourth son of Sir Edward Stracey. On inheriting Boston Manor, Edward John Stracey adopted the additional name and arms of Clitherow in accordance with the terms of Colonel James Clitherow's will.
Edward John Stracey-Clitherow also inherited from his cousin the reversion to the Hotham Hall estate in the East Riding of Yorkshire, which had been settled on John Christie Clitherow in 1819. John Clitherow had in 1809 married Sarah, daughter of General Napier Christie Burton and his wife, Mary, who was daughter and heiress of General Ralph Burton of Hull Bank House, Cottingham, East Yorkshire. Their marriage resulted in the birth of an only child, John Christie Clitherow, in December 1809, but was ended by the Clitherow Divorce Act of 1819 (59 George III c.71). In 1822 Sarah Clitherow married Hugh Peters, who took the name Burton. In the same year she inherited Hotham Hall on the death of her brother, Robert Christie Burton. Ownership of Hotham Hall passed to Edward John Stracey-Clitherow on the death of Sarah Burton in 1869. Colonel Stracey-Clitherow, who had married Harriet Marjoribanks in 1846, on dying childless in 1900, left the Hotham estate to his nephew, Colonel John Bourchier Stracey, later Stracey-Clitherow, while Boston Manor passed to his younger brother, the Reverend William James Stracey, who assumed the name Stracey-Clitherow.
Little record survives amongst the original Clitherow Papers of Edward John Stracey-Clitherow's tenure of the family estates, or of his other activities, but a rental book covering the period 1865-1875 was purchased as an addition to the collection in 2013. Much more exists relating to his brother, William James, and to his brother's eldest son, John Bourchier Stracey-Clitherow, but their connection or interest in Boston Manor and Middlesex was considerably less than that of their predecessors. The Reverend William James Stracey-Clitherow did not inherit Boston Manor until he was aged almost 80. He retired in 1888 to 50 Portland Place in London, where he continued to live after he inherited Boston Manor.
His eldest son, Colonel John Bourchier Stracey-Clitherow took up residence at Hotham Hall in the autumn of 1900 and became much involved in the county activities of the East Riding, being commissioned a major in the East Riding Yeomanry in 1902 (ACC/1360/780) and helping to establish the Territorial Force Association of the East Riding of Yorkshire (see ACC/1360/781/1-87). In 1897 he had married Mrs Alice Gurney, who had four children by her first marriage: Laura, Lady Troubridge, Rachel, Countess of Dudley, Major Henry Edward Gurney, and Thomas Claud Gurney. In 1906 he married Muriel Frances Sykes, daughter of the late Mr C.P. Sykes of West Ella Hall, near Hull.
John Bourchier Stracey-Clitherow inherited Boston Manor on his father's death in 1912. In 1923 he sold the Boston Manor estate. Brentford Urban District Council brought Boston House and 20 acres of land, which they opened as a public park in 1924. On John Bourchier Stracey-Clitherow's death in 1931, he left the Hotham estate to his younger stepson, Thomas Claud Gurney, who in 1932 assumed by Royal Licence the surname and arms of Clitherow in lieu of his patronymic.
Penton Hook Road in Staines runs from Wheatsheaf Lane down to the river Thames.
The De Burgh family were connected with West Drayton and Hillingdon for over 150 years. In 1786 Fysh Burgh, formerly of Lincoln's Inn, purchased the manor and rectory of West Drayton from Henry Earl of Uxbridge. The following year the heir and mortgagees of the late John Dodd of Swallowfield Place, Berkshire, sold the manor of Colham with Philpotts Bridge and Colham Farms in Hillingdon to Fysh Burgh for the sum of £15,000.
Fysh Burgh was born Fysh Coppinger, the elder son of John Coppinger of Lincoln's Inn and Katherine, daughter of Timothy Fysh of Scarborough, Yorkshire. On the death of his mother in 1763 Fysh Coppinger inherited her estates in Yorkshire, Berkshire and Wiltshire. He took the name of Burgh some time after 1773, proving descent from Thomas Lord Burgh of Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, and, in December 1790, adopted the form De Burgh, which was used thereafter by his family.
Fysh De Burgh died in Bath in January 1800 and was buried in the family vault in West Drayton church. The notice in The Gentleman's Magazine described him as 'formerly eminent in the law.' His only son Fysh, a captain in the First Regiment of Guards, had died in January 1793, so he devised his estates in trust for his only daughter Catherine, wife of James Godfrey Lill of Gaulstown, Co Westmeath, Ireland, who assumed the name of De Burgh. Easter De Burgh, the widow of Fysh, held a life interest in the estates until her death in 1823. The inheritance passed to Catherine's son, Hubert, who immediately mortgaged the estates. Although Hubert retained actual possession of the property it was seldom, if ever, unencumbered by mortgages until his death in 1872.
In 1827 Hubert married Marianne, daughter of Admiral John Richard Delap Tollemache, and sister of John 1st Baron Tollemache. By this marriage Hubert became brother-in-law to the 7th Earl of Cardigan, and was left a legacy of £7,000 in the earl's will. The marriage ended in separation in 1856, Hubert remaining at Drayton Hall, while Marianne and her three youngest children moved to No. 61 Eccleston Square, Pimlico. Of their children only three survived into adulthood. Francis, who served in the 11th Hussars, became lord of the manors on his father's death. Francis died without issue in 1874 at the age of 35, and the De Burgh estates passed jointly to his two sisters, Minna Edith Elizabeth, wife of her cousin Rafe Oswald Leycester of Toft Hall, Cheshire, and Eva Elizabeth. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the estates were sold off gradually, mainly for building purposes. On the death in 1939 of the last lady of the manors, Miss Eva Elizabeth De Burgh, the family's connection with West Drayton and Hillingdon came to an end.
In the late 1820's Jonathan Thomas Sleap was practising as a solicitor from No. 2 Middle Temple Lane, London. Before this, in 1822, he was at Barnards Inn in the parish of Holborn. In 1828 he was described as being of Brentford, but by 1839 he was residing at Ealing, where he remained until his death in April 1864.
His house at Ealing Green was called The Gret, which may have been the property known, in 1892, as Rock House (see ACC/1396/30). Sleap purchased considerable property in Middlesex, Cumberland and Buckinghamshire. On his death the estate was shared out amongst three women as tenants for life. One of these was Sleap's natural daughter, Julia Peacey.
Although bodies of volunteer horse had been raised during the reign of William III and at the time of the '45 rising, and for home defence in 1761, it was not until 1794 that the yeomanry was organised under the act of 34 Geo. III c.31. Following the early success of the French Revolutionary armies, the yeomanry came into being in 1794 to replace the cavalry regiments of the line which were drafted overseas. By 1798 every county and several large towns had raised troops of yeomanry.
After 1816 the Yeomanry were reduced, but unlike the infantry volunteers, were not disbanded. For many years until the establishment of county police forces, they played an important part in the maintenance of public order, being frequently called out to suppress riots and other disorders. In 1897 the number of men serving in the Yeomanry was 10,084.
On 20 December 1899, shortly after the outbreak of the South African war (1899-1902) The Times announced that the War Office had issued regulations with reference to Yeomanry in South Africa.: 'Her Majesty's Government have decided to raise for service in South Africa a mounted infantry to be named "The Imperial Yeomanry"'. Three thousand Yeomanry volunteered for service.
After the war, the Imperial Yeomanry School for Girls opened in Alperton Hall near Wembley to educate, board and clothe the daughters of the yeomen who were killed, permanently disabled or died from disease in the war. Later it was intended that similar benefits should be extended to the sons of these yeomen. Children, approved by the Executive Committee, of NCO's and men who had served or were serving in the Yeomanry in Great Britain and Ireland and who were in difficult circumstances were also to be included.
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.
Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.
If a person died intestate (without a valid will) their money, goods and possessions passed to their next of kin through an administration (or letters of administration) which had the same form in law as a will.
William Harrison Ainsworth (1805-1882), novelist, was born on 4 February 1805 at 21 King Street, Manchester, the elder of two sons of Thomas Ainsworth (1778-1824), a solicitor, and his wife, Ann (1778-1842), daughter of the Revd Ralph Harrison (1748-1810), a nonconformist minister and tutor of languages and literature at the Manchester Academy. His parents both belonged to old Lancashire families, on his mother's side including prosperous merchants and members of the peerage; and his paternal grandfather was the noted mathematician Jeremiah Ainsworth.
The firm of Howards and Sons, noted as manufacturers of pharmaceutical chemicals, especially quinine and aspirin had its origin in the partnership entered into by Luke Howard and William Allen in 1798 (ACC/1037/1). Many printed works give the date as 1797 and it may be that the two men began working together after the dissolution of Allen's partnership with Samuel Mildred but before the formal deed of partnership was signed. Allen and Howard had their pharmacy at Plough Court, Lombard Street, City of London, under the management of Allen, and a laboratory at Plaistow, directed by Luke Howard, with the assistance of Joseph Jewell. The laboratory moved from Plaistow to Stratford around 1805, and on the dissolution of the partnership in 1807 (ACC/1037/2) Luke Howard and Joseph Jewell continued their manufacturing activity there. After a series of name changes reflecting the changes of partners (for which see ACC/1037/801/20/1) the style of Howards & Sons was adopted in 1856 (see ACC/1037/17) and used continuously from then on. The firm became a limited company in 1903. It was purchased by Laporte in March 1961.
Stratford remained the company's headquarters until 1898, when land was purchased in Ilford and new premises were gradually constructed. The first transfer there was of the work done at Hopkin and Williams' works in Wandsworth and other processes followed as buildings were erected until the final move to Ilford was made in 1923. The firm of Hopkin and Williams, manufacturers of fine laboratory and photographic chemicals had been purchased in May 1888 (for which see ACC/1037/92). They had offices and warehouses in Cross Street, Hatton Garden, and a manufactory in Wandsworth. In 1906 Howards set up the British Camphor Corporation for the synthesis of camphor from turpentine by Behal's process and the factory was built at Ilford (ACC/1037/743-753). Changes in world prices for raw materials and other factors led to the company going into liquidation in 1909. In the meantime Edmund White, general manager of Hopkin and Williams, had been working on the development of thorium and in 1914 a separate company, Thorium Ltd., was established to process the raw materials (ACC/1037/730-731). In 1915 Hopkin and Williams (Travancore) Ltd. was set up to mine monazite sand at a site in Travancore to secure supplies of the raw material to Thorium Ltd. (ACC/1037/732-735). A later successful development overseas was the purchase of the Sadarehe planatation in Java which was intended to secure supplies of cinchona bark for the production of quinine. Another company, James Anthony and Co. Ltd. (ACC/1037/790) was set up to run it, which it did until the planation was seized by the Japanese in 1943. War-time and post-war conditions made it impossible to revive production. In contrast the purchase of the Agatash plantation in British Guiana to grow limes for citric acid (ACC/1037/739-740) was a short-lived and unsuccessful venture.
The company had a long history of uninterrupted production and its products developed and changed over the years in large measure as the result of experimental work done by members of the Howard family and by their employees. It began by producing fine chemicals, many for the pharmaceutical industry, and by the 1830's Howard and Jewell's work on quinine was beginning to expand. For most of the remainder of the nineteenth century quinine production was the greatest profitable enterprise of the company (for which see ACC/1037/316-364 and especially B.F. Howard's treatise "Howards 1847-1947"). After the First World War it became clear, despite the success of Howards' Aspirin, that the company no longer led the market in chemicals for pharmacy, and a research laboratory was set up in 1919 to explore new fields. This resulted in the development of Howards' solvents and technical chemicals which became the mainstay of the company.
William, 1st Earl of Mansfield, died on 20 March 1793 and was succeeded by his nephew David. The plan of the Kenwood estate may have been drawn up in connection with the 2nd Earl's succession.
Henry 3rd Viscount Clifden succeeded his grandfather in 1836 and on his own death in 1866 was succeeded by his son Henry George the 4th Viscount.
Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.
Brentford Poor Law Union was formed in June 1836. The Brentford Union Workhouse was constructed on Twickenham Road in 1837. A separate school, called Percy House, was built on the same site in 1883.
The London Liberal Federation was formed in 1903 to assist in maintaining Liberal Associations in the London area, to secure candidates, and to further political education. Its name was changed to the London Liberal Party during a general reorganisation in October 1943.
The mortgage was taken out by William Hobern of 94 New Kent Road, Surrey, builder and contractor, from Thomas W. Buckler of 4 Queen Street Place, City of London, solicitor, and included shops and buildings already built or about to be built by Hobern on the site.
Wyndham Hewitt Limited was registered as a public company on May 1 1936. It was formed by Lagonda Motors and Close Bros. Limited for the manufacture of aircraft components. Wyndham Hewitt took over a section of the Lagonda works at Staines for this purpose. Mr Wyndham Hewitt was the first managing director of the company. He was formerly assistant chief engineer of Imperial Airways.
In 1944 Wyndham Hewitt Ltd merged with Lagonda Motors Limited, to form a single company known as Lagonda Limited.
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.
Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).
Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.
A marriage settlement was a legal agreement drawn up before a marriage by the two parties, setting out terms with respect to rights of property and succession. Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.
If a person died intestate (without a valid will) their money, goods and possessions passed to their next of kin through an administration (or letters of administration) which had the same form in law as a will.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Joshua Alexander was a solicitor in the City of London who, like many in that profession, acquired personally small areas of land ripe for development. The estates were as follows:
Surrey: Old Kent Road Estate: Hyndman Street, Albert Terrace, Church Street, Bradshaw Street, Alexander Street, Frederick Street;
Peckham Estate: Selden Road, Cemetery Road, Lausanne Road, Lindo Street, Hathway Street;
Norwood and Dulwich Estate: Park Road, Rosendale Road.
Middlesex:
Whitehall Estate, Tottenham: High Road, Whitehall Street, Moselle Street, Love Lane, Charles Street, William Street;
White Hart Lane Estate, Tottenham: White Hart Lane, Love Lane, Alexander Street, Stamford Street;
Tottenham (misc.): West Green Lane/Philip Lane, Hanger Lane;
Hornsey Estate: Maynard Street, Middle Lane, New Road, Cedar Place;
Hounslow Estate: Trinity Place;
Edmonton: Edmonton Grove/Snells Park, High Road.
Essex:
Stratford Estate: Reform Terrace, Windmill Lane, Hawksworth Terrace, Waddington Street, Bennetts Terrace, Norfolk Place.
After Joshua Alexander's death in 1876, his son Lionel carried on the administration of the estate, to which the letter books testify. The family were Jewish. Some of the letter books of a personal and family nature, show Lionel playing a considerable role in Jewish institutions and charities. He also contributed articles and letters to the press, including the Jewish Chronicle, on Jewish subjects.
The 'Adina' (No. 41651), was registered in 1861 at London. Its owner and master was J. Leutz of Cardiff.
The 'Fontabelle' (No. 3908), was registered in 1855 at London. Its owner was C.C. Dawson, and its master was E. Nixon.
The 'Shalimar', (No. 24057), was registered in 1869 at London. It was 1557 tons, and was owned by John Grigor of Yokohama. Its master was F. Walker.
The 'S.S. Newburn' (No. 29761), was registered in 1861 at London. It was 449.82 tons; and was owned by J. Fenwick and Son, of 57 Gracechurch St., London. Its master was W. Payn, of 39 Eastbourne Grove, South Shields. It frequently coasted between the Elbe and Brest.
The 'Wood Park' (No.11410), was registered in 1883 at London. It was owned by Explosives Trading Co., of Gresham House, Old Broad Street and its master was T.J. Mabley of Pentewan, Cornwall. It frequently sailed from Plymouth to London, but was later used as a dynamite magazine, lying at Hole Haven, Essex.
The United Law Clerks' Society was founded on 14 April 1832 at a meeting of law clerks in the Southampton Coffee House, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. Its purpose was to make mutual provision against the hardship of fellow law clerks who were overtaken with sickness and infirmity, and, on their death, the poverty of their dependants.
There were two funds, the General Benefit Fund, with assured benefits in sickness, old age and payments on death, and the Benevolent Fund (or Casual Fund) which was for discretionary grants.
The society developed its role as the oldest friendly society for law clerks becoming a health insurance society after the National Health Insurance Act was passed in 1911. Membership of the society was at first restricted to law clerks residing in London but in 1924 the society's operations extended to the whole of England and Wales.
The society was based at the Southampton Coffee House between 1832 and 1839, at which time it removed its meetings to the Crown and Anchor Tavern (at the corner of Arundel Street and the Strand) until 1847. Between 1847 and 1874 it used the Freemasons Tavern, Great Queen Street. By 1874 it had grown large enough to move into its own office at 3 Old Serjeant's Inn, Chancery Lane, and in 1900 it moved to its more permanent home at 2 Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn.
The society still exists as a registered charity providing grants and annuities in cases of distress to persons employed in the legal profession in England and Wales, and the widows and children of such persons. It is managed by a voluntary committee of trustees.
Enfield Chase was a large wooded area used as a royal deer park and hunting ground. It was enclosed according to an Act of 1777, when it comprised 8,349 acres. This land was divided between the king, the hunting lodges, local manors and local parishes. 3,219 acres were allocated to the Duchy of Lancaster who were empowered to sell on up to 250 acres.
An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).
Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
The Reverend Frederick Goldsworthy Croom was curate of St Saviour's Southwark, 1897-1899, assistant missioner, then missioner of Charterhouse Mission, Bermondsey, 1899-1911, vicar of St Michael's, Mark Street, Shoreditch, 1911-1925, and vicar of St Cuthbert's, Philbeach Gardens, Kensington, 1925-1936. He was also commissary for the Bishop of Zululand from 1903.
An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).
The Progressive Party was formed in 1888 to contest local government elections in London. It was allied with the Liberal Party, the labour movement and the Fabian Society. Social reformer Sidney Webb was a councillor for the party. The Progressives won the first London County Council elections in 1889 and held power until 1907. In 1907 the Municipal Reform Party, allied to the Conservative Party, won the Council and held it until 1934; after which the Labour Party gained control and held it until the abolition of the London County Council.
The first meeting of 'the Governors for erecting a Lying-in Hospital for married women in the City of London and parts adjacent and also for Out-patients in Phisic and Surgery' was held at the Black Swan Tavern in Bartholomew Lane on 30 March 1750. Mr Jacob Ilive was in the chair. The governors elected John Nix as the first secretary, Thomas Chaddock as treasurer, Richard Ball as surgeon and man-midwife and William Ball as apothecary. Slingsby Bethell subsequently became the first president of the hospital.
The hospital opened in May 1750 at London House in Aldersgate Street as the 'City of London Lying in Hospital for married women and sick and lame Outpatients.' The General Court of Governors decided on 6 September 1751 to admit no more outpatients and the second part of the title was dropped. The hospital moved in 1751 from London House into Thanet or Shaftesbury House also in Aldersgate Street. In 1769 the Governors decided to erect a new purpose built hospital. They leased a site from St Bartholomew's Hospital on the corner of City Road and Old Street and commissioned Robert Mylne to design the new hospital, which was opened on 31 March 1773.
The hospital was later known as the City of London Maternity Hospital and was closed in 1983.
Daniel Baker was a merchant based at Hatton Gardens. Hatton Gardens is named after the house built there by Sir Christopher Hatton in 1576, which had been demolished by 1720. The street was first known as Hatton Street, Hatton Gardens being the name for the area between Leather Lane, Saffron Hill, Holborn and Hatton Wall. Until the early 19th century it was a location for gentlemen's homes, with views over the fields towards Pentonville. Shops were permitted only on the lower side. The first jewellers were established there by 1836, and the street has subsequently become the centre of London diamond trade.
Perrys (Ealing) Limited were manufacturers of parts for the aeronautics industry. They were a sub-contractor of the Air Ministry.
The Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding and Engineering Company Limited was founded in 1837 by shipbuilder Thomas Ditchburn and naval architect Charles Mare as the Ditchburn and Mare Shipbuilding Company, then C.J. Mare and Company. The shipyards were first at Deptford, then moved to Orchard Creek. They were one of the first builders of iron ships. They built several warships for the Admiralty including HMS Warrior. Their employee football club, Thames Ironworks FC, later became West Ham United FC. The Ironworks closed in 1912, unable to compete with northern shipyards.
Downham Road runs from Kingsland Road and crosses Southgate Road before ending in a cul-de-sac.
An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).
Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Regent's Park Road is in Camden, just north of Regent's Park. It ends near to Chalk Farm tube station. Number 87 is now occupied by an opticians.
An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).