Born in 1890; educated at Rossall and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; commissioned into the Army as 2nd Lt, Royal Artillery, 1909; service on the Western Front, World War One, 1914-1918; Capt, 1915; Brevet Maj, 1918; General Staff Officer, Grade 3, 1918; Brigade Maj, 1918-1919; Assistant Military Secretary, 1919-1920; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, War Office,1923-1924; General Staff Officer, Grade 2, Eastern Command, 1924-1926; Maj, 1927; Military Assistant to Chief of Imperial General Staff, 1927-1930; Col, 1930; General Staff Officer Grade 1, Military Operations, 1933-1936; served in Palestine, 1936; General Staff Officer Grade1, 1 Division, 1936-1938; Maj Gen, 1938; General Officer Commanding Western Independent District, India, 1938-1940; Deputy Chief of General Staff, Army HQ, India, 1940-1941; Lt Gen and Chief of General Staff, India, 1941; General Officer Commanding Burma, 1942; Secretary of War Resources and Reconstruction Committees of Council, India, 1942-1944; Colonel Commandant, Royal Artillery,1942-1952; retired, 1944; Officiating Secretary, Viceroy's Executive Council, and Secretary of Planning and Development Department, 1944-1946; Regional Officer, Ministry of Health, 1947-1949; General Manager, Anglo-American Council on Productivity, 1949-1953; Director, British Productivity Council, 1953-1957; Chairman of Organisation and Methods Training Council, 1957-1964; died in 1981.
Born 1872; educated at King's School, Canterbury, Kent, and Royal Military College, Sandhurst;commissioned into The Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment), 1892; served with Malakand Field Force, North West Frontier, India, 1897-1898; Second Boer War, South Africa, 1899-1902; Capt, 1902; Brevet Maj, 1902; General Staff Officer 2, War Office, 1910-1912; Maj, 1912; Brevet Lt Col, 1913; Staff College, Quetta, India, 1913-1914; served in World War One, 1914-1918; Deputy Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Meerut Div, BEF (British Expeditionary Force), 1914-1915; General Staff Officer 1, 14 Div, 1915-1916; awarded CMG, 1915; Director of Staff Duties and Training, Army Headquarters, India, 1916-1920; Col, 1917; awarded CSI, 1919; Bde Commander,India, 1920-1923; awarded CB, 1922; Maj Gen, 1923; District Commander, India, 1925-1927; commanded 56 (1 London) Div, Territorial, Army 1927-1931; retired 1931; died 1943.
Born in 1910; 2nd Lt, Royal West Kent Regt, 1935; appointed to Indian Army Ordnance Corps, 1937;Commanding Officer Ordnance, Ammunition Dumps, Singapore, 1942; died in 1985.
Born 1891; educated at Downside and Trinity College, Cambridge; commissioned into Royal Dublin Fusiliers (Special Reserve), 1914; served in World War One with Royal Dublin Fusiliers, 1914-1918; service on Western Front, including Second Battle of Ypres, 1915, and Battle of the Somme, 1916; Maj, 1917; awarded DSO, 1918; Secretary to HM Legation to Vatican, Rome, 1919-1920; Intelligence Staff, Dublin and Horse Guards, 1920-1921; Maj, Reserve of Officers, 1922; Administrative Officer, Southern Nigeria, 1923-1927; Maj, General Staff, 1938; Secretary of Junior Carlton Club, 1938-1958; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; General Staff, Special Employment, War Office, 1939-1940; Col, 1940; Commandant, Intelligence Corps, 1940-1942; Deputy Head of psychological warfare department, Middle East, and Central Mediterranean Forces, 1943-1945; Brig, 1943; awarded CBE, 1945; died 1969.
Publications: Two undergraduates in the East (Sports and Sportsmen, London, 1914).
Born in 1913; commissioned into Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, 1939; served as Navigating Officer in a Fleet Tug working out of Scapa Flow, Jan- Mar 1940; served in Norway, Apr-Jun 1940; appointed to staff of Adm Commanding Orkney and Shetland to collect information about the west coast of Norway, 1942; ran special Motor Torpedo Boat operations in Norway, 1942-1943; served with 12 (Special Service) Submarine Flotilla, 1943-1944; appointed to Naval Intelligence Division, Admiralty, 1944, and undertook reconnaissance work with 30 Assault Unit (directed by Ian Fleming) in France, Belgium and Germany, 1944-1945; after the war served for some years with the Royal Canadian Navy, before retiring in 1955. Died 2003. Publication: From Arctic Snow to Dust of Normandy (A. Sutton, Stroud, 1991).
Born Oldham, Lancashire, 1922; worked as a coal miner, joined King's Own Royal Border Regiment; volunteered for Special Service; served with Troop 3, No 6 Commando, Normandy, 1944-1945; returned to King's Own Royal Border Regiment, Nov 1945; Company Quartermaster Sergeant, 1946; Colour Sergeant, 1946; demobilised, 1947, died 2004.
Born in 1893; educated at Stranraer and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; entered Royal Navy, 1911; commissioned into Royal Garrison Artillery, 1915; served in World War One, on the Western Front, in France and Belgium, 1916-1918; served in 130 Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, at the Battle of the Somme, 1916; wounded Aug 1916; served in 119 HeavyBattery, 9 Bde Royal Garrison Artillery, 1916-1917; at the Battle of the Ancre, 1916; Headquarters, 9 Bde Royal Garrison Artillery 1917; Lt 1917; commanded 242 Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, 1917; acting Maj 1917; acting Capt, 1917; Reconnaissance Officer - Staff Lt 1 Class, with Australian Corps Heavy Artillery, 1917-1918; acting Capt (special appointment grade FF for intelligence duties) 1918; Acting Bde Maj (temporary Capt), France, 1918-1919; Acting Capt, commanded 70 Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, Germany 1919; served with British Military Mission to South Russia, 1919-1920; Special Appointment (Class HH), Allied Police Commission,Constantinople, Turkey; General Staff Officer, Grade 3, War Office, 1923-1924; Bde Maj Royal Artillery, Southern Command, UK, 1925-1926; specially employed, War Office, 1926-1927; General Staff Officer, Grade 2, War Office, 1927-1929; Capt 1927; Brevet Maj 1930; General Staff Officer Grade 2, Staff College, 1931-1934; local Lt Col 1931-1933; General Staff Officer Grade 2 War Office, 1934-1936; Brevet Lt Col 1934; Maj 1936; Brevet Col 1938; substantive Col 1938; Deputy Director of Military Operations, War Office, 1938; temporary Brig 1938-1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Director of Plans, 1939; commanded 52 Div, Royal Artillery, France, 1940; BrigadierGeneral Staff, Northern Ireland, 1940; temporary Brig 1940; Director of Military Operations and Plans, War Office, 1940-1943; acting Maj Gen 1940; Maj Gen 1941; Assistant Chief of the Imperial General Staff, War Office, (Operations and Intelligence), 1943-1945; retired 1946; Governor of Southern Rhodesia, 1946-1954; Chairman, Central African Council, 1946-1953; Col Commandant, Royal Artillery, 1948-1958; Chairman, Central African Defence Committee, 1950-1953; Chairman, National Convention of Southern Rhodesia, 1960; died 1970.Publications: The business of war (Hutchinson, London, 1957).
Born 1909; educated Kingswood School and Trinity Hall, Cambridge; joined Territorial Army, 1938; commissioned, 2 Lieutenant, March 1939; called up, July 1939; Deputy Adjutant and Quarter Master General, North West Europe Plans; Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General, Headquarters 53 Welsh Division, 1943; Assistant Quarter Master General (Planning), Chief Of Staff to Supreme Allied Commander; Lieutenant Colonel Quartering (Operations) and Brigadier Quartering Staff Headquarters, 21 Army Group, 1944; compiled Army textbook on Administration in the Field of War, 1945; retired with rank of Honorary Colonel, Territorial Army Reserve of Officers, 1952; died, 2003.
Publications: Top brass and no brass. The inside story of the alliance of Britain and America (Lewes, 1991).
Born 1895; educated at Charterhouse; commissioned into the Corps of Royal Engineers, 1914; served in World War One, in France and Macedonia, 1914-1918; Lt, 1915; Capt, 1917; Assistant Instructor, Survey School of Military Engineering, 1920-1923; service in Singapore, 1923-1926; awarded OBE, 1927; Specially Employed, War Office, 1927-1928; Maj, 1929; graduated fromStaff College, Camberley, 1930; General Staff Officer 3, War Office, 1931-1932; General Staff Officer 2, War Office, 1933-1935; Brevet Lt Col, 1934; Imperial Defence College, 1936; Col, 1936; Assistant Master General of the Ordnance, 1937-1940; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; temporary Brig, 1939-1941; awarded CIE, 1940; Deputy Master General of the Ordnance, General Headquarters, India,1940-1941; Maj Gen, 1941; Director of Staff Duties, India, 1941-1942; Deputy Chief of the General Staff, India, 1942-1943; awarded CB, 1943; Director of Civil Affairs, War Office, 1943-1944; Deputy Chief of Staff, Control Commission for Germany, 1945; official historian of the war against Japan; retired, 1947; awarded CMG, 1947; died 1968.
Born 1877; educated at Haileybury and at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; commissioned into the Royal Regt Artillery, 1896; served in Waziristan Campaign, 1901-1902 (medal and clasp); Capt 1901; Commandant Bhamo Bn Burma Military Police; commanded Wellaung, Punitive Expedition in South China Hills, 1905-1906; Graduate of Staff College; General Staff Officer, Grade 3, at War Office, 1912; Grade 2 on mobilisation, 1914; Brevet Maj, 1914; Maj, 1914; served World War One, 1914-1918 (despatches six times, Brevet Lt Col 1915; Brevet Col 1917); Deputy Director Military Operations, 1918-1922; Col on the Staff, General Staff Aldershot, 1922-1924; Maj Gen. 1924; head of British Naval, Military and Air Force Mission to Finland, 1924-1925; President Inter-Allied Commission of Investigation for Hungary; Deputy Chief of the General Staff in India, 1926-1929; Commander 5 Div and Catterick Area, 1929-1931; Lt Gen. 1931; General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Command, 1933-1936; Gen 1936; Col Commandant, Royal Artillery, 1934-1946; Hon Col 70 Anti-Aircraft Regt (now 470th Heavy Anti Aircraft Regt TA) 1934-1939; and 2/5 The Queen's Royal Regiment, 1939; Director General of Territorial Army, 1936-1939; Inspector General of Home Defences, 1939; Commander-in-Chief of Home Forces, 1939-1940; Aide-de-Camp General to the King, 1937-1940; retired pay, 1940; President of Witley and District Branch of British Legion and Royal Artillery Association, Surrey; Vice-President of Royal United Service Institution and Old Contemptibles, Godalming, Surrey; died 1949.
Born 1895; educated at Bedford School and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; served in World War One, 1914-1918; commissioned into the Royal Artillery, 1915; service on Western Front and Italy, 1915-1918; awarded MC, 1918; service in Egypt, Palestine, Malta and India, 1919-1930; attended Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1931-1932; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Commanding Officer, 65 Medium Regt, Royal Artillery (Territorial Army), 1940-1941; Brig, 1941; Commander Royal Artillery, 56 Div, UK, 1941; awarded OBE, 1941; Commander Royal Artillery, 12 Corps, South Eastern Command, 1941-1942; Brig, Royal Artillery, 8 Army, Western Desert, 1942; awarded CBE, 1943; Brig, Royal Artillery, 18 Army Group, North Africa, 1943; General Officer Commanding 50 (Northumbrian) Div, 8 Army, Sicily and Italy, 1943; awarded CB, 1944; General Officer Commanding 13 Corps, Italy, 1944; created KBE, 1945; General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Command, 1945; General Officer Commanding 1 Corps, British LiberationArmy, North West Europe, 1945; Member of Army Council, 1945-1950; Deputy Chief of the Imperial General Staff, War Office, 1945-1947; Quartermaster General to the Forces, 1947-1950; Col Commandant, Royal Artillery, 1947-1957; created KCB, 1949; retired 1950; appointed GCB, 1951; Special Financial Representative in Germany, 1951-1952; Director General of Civil Defence, 1954-1960; Chairman, Central Fire Brigades Advisory Council for England and Wales, 1957-1960; died 1982.
Born 1903; joined Sun Life Assurance Company, 1935; commissioned, Hong Kong Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, 1937; Manager, Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada, South East Asia, 1940; escaped from Singapore to Australia, 1942; served on staff of Adm Sir Guy Royle, Australia, 1942; Watchkeeping Officer, armed merchant cruiser DOMINION MONARCH, sailing from Australia to UK, Nov-Dec 1942; appointed to Combined Operations, Dec 1942; Commanding Officer, 22 Landing Craft Infantry (LCI) Flotilla, Apr 1943, for operations in Mediterranean, including Sicily landings, capture of Syracuse and assault on Reggio; Senior Officer, Composite Assault Force, Operation DEVON and Operation POLYGON, for the capture of Termoli, Italy, Oct 1943; Staff College, Greenwich, Jan-Mar 1944; Commanding Officer, 334 Support Flotilla, Arromanches, Normandy, D Day, Jun 1944; assault on Walcheren Island, River Scheldt, Nov 1944; Cdr, RNVR, Apr 1945; Commanding Officer, 'M' Support Squadron, for the planned recapture of Malaya, Apr-Aug 1945; Manager, Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada, South East Asia, 1946-1960; Officer Commanding Singapore Division, Malayan RNVR, 1947-1957; awarded OBE, 1950; Capt, RNVR, 1952; awarded CBE, 1958; retired from Sun Life, 1961; retired from RNVR, 1964; died 1999.
Born in 1897; 2nd Lt, North Staffordshire Regt, 1916; Lt, Indian Army, 1918; Capt, 1919; General Staff Officer Grade 3, India, 1924-1927; General Staff Officer Grade 2, India, 1927-1928; Maj, 1933; Lt Col, 1939; died in 1995.
Born in 1915; educated at Weymouth College and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; 2nd Lt, Royal Tank Corps; Lt, 1939; served in North Africa and Western Desert, 1939-1942, as Navigator and Intelligence Officer, 4 Armoured Bde, Air Intelligence Liaison Officer, No 451 Sqn, Royal Australian Air Force, Staff Officer, HQ 10 Army and General Staff Officer Grade 2, 7Armoured Div; served in Middle East as General Staff Officer Grade 2, HQ 10 Army, 1942-1943; returned to North Africa to command B Sqn, 3 Royal Tank Regt, 1943; served with 4 Royal Tank Regt and 7 Royal Tank Regt, Normandy, 1944; Capt, 1944; commanded 5 Royal Tank Regt in France, Belgium and Germany, 1945-1947; Instructor, Staff College, Maj, 1949; Camberley, 1951-1952; Commander, 1st Arab Legion Armoured Car Regt, 1954-1956; Lt Col, 1955; Instructor, Staff College, Camberley, 1958-1960; Commander, 7 Armoured Bde, 1961-1963; Director General of Fighting Vehicles, 1964-1966; General Officer Commanding, Malta and Libya, 1967-1968; retired, 1968.
Born, 1899; educated at Repton and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; commissioned into the Royal Artillery, 1919; served with 58 Battery, 35 Bde, Royal Field Artillery, 1919-1920; Transport Officer, attached to 2 Bn, Royal Welch Fusiliers, Anglo-Irish War, Limerick, Ireland, 1920-1921; Lt, 1921; employed under the Colonial Office with Arab and Kurdish Levies, 1922; commanded Sqn, 1 and 2 Regiments, Iraq Levies, 1922-1924; Special Service Officer (Intelligence), attached to RAF, Ramadi, Iraq, 1924-1926; Administrative Officer, Zanzibar, 1926-1928; retired from Army, 1929; Administrative Officer, Palestine, 1929-1938; service in Haifa, Gaza, Hebron and Jaffa, Palestine, 1930-1938; sent on leave for criticising the Palestinian Government in its handling of atrocities, Nov 1938; turned down appointment in Gold Coast, 1939; retired from Colonial Service, 1940; died, 1969.
Born 1897; educated at Gresham's School, Uppingham, Leicestershire, the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and Jesus College, Cambridge; served in World War One, 1914-1918; commissioned into the Corps of Royal Engineers, 1915; service with 123 Field Company, Royal Engineers, 38 (Welsh) Div, Western Front, 1916-1917; Battle of the Somme, Picardy, France, 1916; served as temporary Capt with 51 Field Company, King George V's Own Bengal Sappers and Miners, Roorkee, India, 1917; service with Aden Frontier Force, operations in southern Arabia, 1917-1918; commanded, as acting Maj, 57 Company, King George V's Own Bengal Sappers and Miners, Third Afghan War, Afghanistan and North West Frontier, India, 1919-1922; awarded MC, 1919; undergraduate, Jesus College, Cambridge, 1922-1924; commanded 43 Div Headquarters Company, King George V's Own Bengal Sappers and Miners, Roorkee, India, 1924-1925; Adjutant, Corps of Bengal Sappers and Miners, India, 1925-1929; Assistant Superintendent of Instruction,Roorkee, India, 1929; commanded 3 Field Company, King George V's Own Bengal Sappers and Miners, Rawalpindi, India, 1929-1931; engaged in operations on the Kajuri Plain, Peshawar, against Afridi raiders, 1930; graduated from Staff College, Quetta, India, 1932; Superintendent of Instruction, Roorkee, India, 1932-1933; Field Works Maj, Chatham, Kent, 1933-1935; General Staff, Headquarters, Northern Command, York, 1935-1936; Military Operations Branch and Directorate of Recruiting and Organisation, War Office, 1936-1939; Instructor, Senior Officers' School, Sheerness, Kent, 1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; served with BEF (British Expeditionary Force), France, 1939; Commander Royal Engineers, 59 (Staffordshire) Div, Territorial Army, Western Command, UK, 1939-1940; Lt Col, 1940; Deputy Director of Staff Duties, War Office, 1940-1942; temporary Brig, 1941; specially employed on liaison duties with US Forces in London and the USA, 1942; acting Maj Gen, 1942; awarded CBE, 1942; Director, Liaison and Munitions, War Office, 1942-1943; Col and temporary Maj Gen, 1943; commanded 220 'Lethbridge' Military Mission, to the USA, India, South West Pacific and Australia to study tactics and equipment required to defeat Japan in the Far East, 1943-1944; Chief of Staff, 14 Army, Burma, 1944-1945; Chief of Intelligence, Control Commission for Germany and British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), 1945-1948; awarded CB, 1946; Commander, US Legion of Merit, 1946; retired as Hon Maj Gen, 1948; Commandant, Civil Defence Staff College, 1949-1952; Director of Civil Defence, South West Region (Bristol), 1955-1960; died 1961.
Born, 1892; trained as wireless operator by Marconi's, Chelmsford, Essex; employed as wireless operator, Red Star Line, 1912-1914; served in World War One, 1914-1918; commissioned as Lt, South African Defence Force, and served with South African Field Telegraphs, German South West Africa, 1914-1915; resigned commission, Sep 1915; appointed temporary 2nd Lt, Corps of Royal Engineers (Signals), Nov 1915; served in Egypt, 1916; temporary Lt, 1916; service as Wireless-Telegraphy Officer, 12 Corps [1917-1918]; Wireless-Telegraphy Officer, Salonika, 1919; demobilised, 1919; employed by Marconi's, Jun-Sep 1919; rejoined Corps of Royal Engineers as Capt, Sep 1919; Wireless-Telegraphy Liaison Officer and senior Wireless Telegraphy Officer, British Military Mission to South Russia, 1919-1920; Wireless-Telegraphy Officer, Cork, Ireland, during Anglo-Irish War, 1920-1921; resigned commission, 1921; employed by The Manchester Guardian; died, 1973.
Born in 1895; educated at St Columba College and Trinity College, Dublin; temporary 2nd Lt 1914-1915; 2nd Lt, Leinster Regt; 1915; temporary Lt 1915-1916; served in World War One, in the Gallipoli campaign, 1915; served in Greek Macedonia, Serbia, Bulgaria, European Turkey and the islands of the Aegean Sea, 1916-1917; Lt 1916; temporary Capt, Service Bn, 1917-1918; servedwith Egyptian Expeditionary Force, 1917-1918; served on Western Front in France and Belgium, 1918; acting Capt 1918-1919; Royal Tank Corps, 1922-1923; Lt, serving with East Lancashire Regt, 1922; Lt, Royal Tank Corps, 1923; Capt 1923; attendance at Staff College, Camberley, and Imperial Defence College, [1924-1927]; Bde Maj, Royal Tank Corps Centre, 1928-1932; Brevet Maj, Royal Tank Corps, 1932; General Staff Officer, Grade 2, Western Command, UK, 1934-1935; General Staff Officer Grade 2, War Office, 1935-1939; substantive Maj 1936; Brevet Lt Col 1937; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; served with General Staff, 1939-1942; acting Lt Col 1939; temporaryLt Col, 1939-1940; acting Col 1940; Col 1940; acting Brig 1940-1941; temporary Brig 1941; acting Maj Gen 1941; served with Allied Force Headquarters, 1942-1944; Maj Gen 1942; Deputy Quarter Master General, War Office, 1945; Deputy Director General for Finance and Administration, European Regional Office, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, 1945; Personal Representative of Director General of United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration in Europe, 1947-1948; aide de camp to HM King George VI, 1948; Director General, Foreign Office Administration of African Territories, 1949-1952; died 1965.
Born in 1906; son of Major General Sir Claude Francis Liardet; educated at Bedford College; commissioned into Territorial Army, 1924; regular commission, Royal Tank Corps, 1927; served in India and Egypt, 1927-1938; Staff College, Camberley, 1939; served in War Office 1939-1941; commanded 6 Royal Tank Regiment, 1942-1944; General Staff Officer 1, 10 Armoured Division, El Alamein, 1942; Commander, 1 Armoured Replacement Group, 1944; Second in Command, 25 Tank Brigade (later Assault Brigade), 1944-1945; Commander, 25 Armoured Engineer Brigade, Apr-Sep 1945; Assistant Adjutant & Quartermaster General 1945-1946; Colonel in Command of Administration, 1946; served with 1 Armoured Division, Palestine, 1947; Brigadier, Royal Armoured Corps, Middle East Land Forces, 1947-1949; Commander, 8 Royal Tank Regiment, 1949-1950; Deputy Director of Manpower Planning, War Office, 1950-1952; Commander, 23 Armoured Brigade, 1953-1954; Imperial Defence College, 1955; Chief of Staff, British Joint Services Mission (Army Staff), Washington DC, USA, 1956-1958; Aide de Camp to the Queen, 1956-1958; Director General of Fighting Vehicles, War Office, 1958-1961; Deputy Master General of the Ordnance, War Office, 1961-1964; retired, 1964; Colonel Commandant, Royal Tank Regiment, 1961-1967; died 1996.
Born, 1880; educated at Sandroyd and Radley; joined the Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers (Militia), 1898; commissioned into the Rifle Brigade, 1900; served in Second Boer War, South Africa, 1900-1902; Lt, 1901; Capt, 1906; Adjutant, Customs and Docks Rifle Volunteers, 1907-1908; Adjutant, 17 (County of London) Bn, London Regt, 1908-1911; Instructor, School of Musketry, Hythe, Kent, 1913-1915; served in UK, France and Flanders, World War One, 1914-1918; Maj, 1915; Instructor, Machine Gun School, Wisque, France, 1915; General Staff Officer 2, Machine Gun Corps Training Centre, Grantham, Lincolnshire, 1915-1916; Bde Maj, 99 Infantry Bde, 2 Div, Western Front, 1916-1917; posted to the Machine Gun Corps, 1917; awarded DSO, 1917; Chief Instructor, Machine Gun School, France, 1917-1918; Army Machine Gun Officer, 1 Army, France, 1918; Commanding Officer, 41 Bn, Machine Gun Corps, Germany, 1919; awarded CMG, 1919; graduated from Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1920; commanded 1 Armoured Car Group, Iraq, 1921-1923; transferred to the Royal Tank Corps, 1923; Lt Col, 1923; Chief Instructor, Royal Tank Corps Central Schools, 1923-1925; Col, 1925; Inspector, Royal Tank Corps, War Office, 1925-1929; member of the Mechanical Warfare Board, 1926-1929; Aide de Camp to HM King George V, 1928-1934; Brigadier General Staff, Egypt Command, 1929-1932; commanded 7 (Mechanised Experimental) Infantry Bde, Southern Command, 1932-1934; Maj Gen, 1934; General Officer Commanding Presidency and Assam District, India, 1935-1939; awarded CB, 1936; Col Commandant, Royal Tank Regiment, 1938-1947; retired, 1939; re-employed by Army, 1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; General Officer Commanding 9 (Highland) Div, 1939-1940; Deputy Regional Commissioner for South Western Civil Defence Region, 1940-1944; retired from Army, 1944; Commissioner for the British Red Cross and Order of St John, North West Europe, 1944-1946; awarded CBE, 1946; died, 1956. For details of Lindsay's influence in the development of armoured warfare in the British Army, see B H Liddell Hart, The Tanks: the History of the Royal Tank Regiment (Cassell, London, 1959; Praeger, New York, 1959). Publication: The war on the civil and military fronts. (The Lees Knowles Lectures on Military History 1942) (University Press, Cambridge, 1942).
Eric Templeton Lummis was born, 1920; commissioned into the Royal Anglian Regiment, 1939; Lt Col, 1966; retired from the Army, 1968; died 1999.
William Murrell Lummis was born, 1885 or 1886; enlisted in the 11th Hussars, 1904; served in France and Belgium, First World War; transferred the Suffolk Regiment, 1916; 2 Lt, 1916; Lt, 1917; Adjutant and Quarter Master, School of Education, India, 1921-1925; Capt, 1928; retired from the army, 1930; ordained deacon in the Church of England; canon of Ipswich, 1955; died, 1985.
Born in 1891; educated at Winchester College and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; 2nd Lt, RoyalArtillery, 1911; Lt, 1914; served in France and Belgium with Royal Horse Artillery and Royal Field Artillery, 1914-1918; Capt, 1916; ADC to Gen Sir Henry Seymour Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson of Trent when Commander-in-Chief, North Russia, 1919, Commander-in-Chief, Aldershot Command, 1919-1920, and Commander-in-Chief, India, 1920-1923; Assistant Military Secretary, EasternCommand, India, 1923-1924; Staff College, Camberley, 1924-1925; General Staff, Aldershot Command, 1926-1927; Bde Maj, 2 Infantry Bde, 1928-1930; Maj, 1929; General Staff Officer Grade 2, Staff College, Camberley, 1931-1934; Col, 1934; Military Assistant to Chief of Imperial General Staff, War Office, 1934-1936; Imperial Defence College, 1936; General Staff Officer Grade 1, War Office, 1937-1937; British Military Mission to Turkey, 1939; Deputy Director of Military Operations, War Office, 1939-1940; Maj Gen, Royal Artillery Home Forces and Maj Gen, 21 Army Group, 1940-1944; Director, Royal Artillery, War Office, 1944-1946; General Officer Commanding-in-Chief,Anti-Aircraft Command, 1946-1948; retired, 1948; died in 1956.
Born in 1898; attended Royal Military College, Sandhurst; Lt, Scots Guards, 1916; retired from Army, 1926; Chairman, James Buchanan and Co Ltd and W. P. Lowrie and Co Ltd, 1939-1970; Director, Buchanan-Dewar Ltd, 1939-1969, and Distillers Co Ltd, 1930-1969; rejoined Scots Guards, 1939; ADC to FM Sir John Greer Dill, 1940-1943; served with BEF, France, 1940; served in WarOffice, 1940-1941, with British Joint Staff Mission, Washington, 1941-1943, and in France and Belgium, 1944-1945; died in 1981.
Maj P G Malins was in the 20 India Division, Royal Indian Army Service Corps, and served in French Indo-China in 1945. He was already retired in 1981.
Born in 1914; educated at Eastbourne College and Emmanuel College, Cambridge; Lt, Middlesex Regt, 1936; served with 1 Bn, Middlesex Regt, 1937-1945; commanded Army Air Transport Training and Development Centre, 1953-1955; General Staff Officer Grade 1, War Office, 1955-1957; commanded Infantry Junior Leaders' Bn, 1957-1959; commanded 125 Infantry Bde(Territorial Army), 1959-1962; Head of Commonwealth Liaison Mission, UN Command, Korea and British Military Attaché, Seoul, 1962-1964; General Officer Commanding, 49 Infantry Div, Territorial Army and North Midland District, 1964-1967; Col, Middlesex Regt, 1965-1966; President, Regular Army Commission, 1967-1969; Deputy Col, Queen's Regt, 1967-1969, and Honorary Col, 1970-1971; died in 1989.
Born in 1912; Cadet, Peninsula and Orient Steamship Navigation Company, 1928; Midshipman Royal Naval Reserve, 1929; Acting Sub-Lieutenant, Royal Naval Reserve, 1933; Pilot Officer, RAF, 1934; transferred to RAF Marine Craft Branch 1934; Commanding Officer, RAF Bridlington, 1935-1936; Flight Lt, 269 Sqn 1938; Anson pilot, Coastal Command, World War Two,1939-1945; Director of Organisation (Establishments), Air Ministry, 1944-1945; commanded RAF Station Shaibah, Abu Sueir Shallufa, 1945-1947; Group Captain, Organisation, HQ RAF Mediterranean and Middle East, 1947-1948; Senior Air Advisor and DepartmentalHead of Mission, British Services Mission, Burma, 1949-1952; Senior Air Officer in charge of administration, HQ Transport Command, 1952-1956; Deputy Director of Work Study, Air Ministry, 1956-1959; Director of Manning at Air Ministry, 1960-1963; Air Officer, Administration, HQ Near East Air Force, 1963-1965; HQ Fighter Command, 1965-1967; retired in 1967; died in 1988.
Born in 1901; 2nd Lt, Royal Army Medical Corps, 1940; Lt Col, 1940; served in Middle East, 1940-1944, and East Africa, 1944; Officer in Charge of Surgical Divs of No 62 General Hospital, Tobruk, Libya, 1941-1942; and Consulting Surgeon, 9 Army, East Africa and Southern Command; Brig, 1944; retired from Army, 1945, and went on to work as surgeon at St George's Hospital, London; Sergeant-Surgeon to the Queen, 1967-1972; died in 1984.
Born in 1895; served with WRNS, 1918-1919, British Red Cross Society, 1928-1935, and Auxiliary Territorial Service, 1938-1945; died in 1985.
Born in [1893]; served in China on HMS MINOTAUR, 1913, on HMS LYDIARD, 1914-1915, HMS HARDY, 1917, and in Baltic on HMS VEGA, 1920; died in 1959.
Served with 5 Sqn, 5 Wing, Royal Naval Air Service and 205 Sqn, RAF, France, 1917-1918; served in UK, 1918-1928; served with 70 (Bomber) Sqn, Iraq, 1928-1930; served in UK, 1930-1943, and India, 1943-1946; Sqn Ldr, 1931; Wg Cdr, 1937; retired in [1946].
Born 1926; Second Lieutenant, 1946; Lieutenant, Royal Engineers, 1947; Captain, 1953; Lieutenant Colonel, 1970; Chief Instructor and Deputy Commandant, Army Apprentices College, Chepstow, 1970-1972; Assistant Adjutant General, Army Recruiting, Ministry of Defence, 1972-1976; Camp Staff Commandant, Northern Ireland Headquarters, 1976; died 1998.
Born in 1899; Deputy Assistant Provost Marshal, 1 Div, 1939; Assistant Provost Marshal, 2 Corps, France and Belgium, 1940; Deputy Provost Marshal, HQ Southern Command, 1941-1945; retired, 1945; died in 1994.
Born in 1887; served in World War One, 1914-1918, unofficially with Royal Scots Greys, later with French Army on reconnaissance work; served in World War Two, 1939-1945, in Home Guard and as personal Staff Officer to ACM Sir Arthur Travers Harris; appointed by Bomber Commander to help investigate the effects of British bombing raids on German towns, 1945; retiredfrom Army, 1945; established international reputation as painter; died in 1979.
Born 1917; served on staff of Gen Hastings Ismay, Ministry of Defence, 1943-1945; Lieutenant Commander, Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, 1944; died 2003.
Publications originally belonging to Brig Helen Guild Meechie, Director of the Women's Royal Army Corps (WRAC) 1982-1986.
Senior Lecturer, Politics Department, and Executive Director of the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, Leicester University; Foreign Associate of the Royal Institute of International Affairs.
Born in 1907; joined Engineering Department of the Post Office, 1925; after a period in the PhysicsLaboratory he was transferred to regional work in Northern Ireland, where he also carried out research on magnetrons at Queen's University, Belfast; served with Royal Corps of Signals in France, 1940; Commander, 11 Unit, Lines of Communication Signals, North Africa, 1942-1943, and Italy, 1943; General Staff Officer Grade 1, War Office, 1944-1945; worked in Post Office Research Department, 1946, in charge of a group studying the causes of electronic valve failure; appointed Director of Research, 1965; died in 1981.
Hugo Meynell was aide de camp to Gen Sir Hugh Stockwell, Suez, 1956.
The Diaries of Dwight D Eisenhower, 1953-1961, are microfilmed copies of US President Dwight David Eisenhower's diaries, 1953-1961. The original diaries were maintained by Ann C Whitman, Eisenhower's personal secretary and principal record keeper for the White House and were part of Eisenhower's personal papers, which were kept separately from the White House Official Files maintained by the permanent White House staff. The entire Ann Whitman file contains aproximately 250,000 pages of documents and records, of which the Eisenhower Diaries file accounts for about 11 percent of that total. The Eisenhower Diaries file is essentially a distillation of the Ann Whitman file and serves as a running account of Eisenhower's actions from 1953-1961. It was designed to serve as the basis for historical accounts both during and after the Eisenhower administration and provided the framework for Eisenhower's memoirs, The White House Years (Doubleday, Garden City, NY, 1963-65).
Dean Gooderham Acheson, 11 Apr 1893- 12 Oct 1971, was a lawyer, author, diplomat and member of the Yale Corporation. He served for twelve years at the US Department of State as Assistant Secretary of State, 1941-1945, Under Secretary of State, 1945-1947, and Secretary of State, 1949-1953. During these years Acheson helped to forge the Truman Doctrine, 1947, the Economic Recovery Program (Marshall Plan), 1947, and North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 1949, and assisted in the development of a post-war US foreign policy towards Germany, the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. Official Conversations and Meetings of Dean Acheson, 1949-1953 are microfilmed copies of official transcripts and minutes of meetings and conversations of Acheson as Secretary of State during the Truman administration.
The US Department of State is the lead US foreign affairs agency. It advances US objectives and interests through formulating, representing, and implementing the foreign policy of the President of the United States. The US Secretary of State, the ranking member of the Cabinet and fourth in line of presidential succession, is the President's principal adviser on foreign policy and the person chiefly responsible for US representation abroad. The 1947 National Security Act created the National Security Council, which assisted the President on foreign policy and co-ordinated the work of the many agencies involved in foreign relations. During the Cold War, new foreign affairs agencies were placed under the general policy direction of the Secretary of State: the US Information Agency, the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and the US Agency for International Development. US Department of State country missions assist in implementing the President's constitutional responsibilities for the conduct of US foreign relations. The Chief of Mission, with the title Ambassador, Minister, or Charge d'Affaires, and, the Deputy Chief of Mission (DCM) are responsible for and head the mission's "country team" of US Government personnel. The Country Team includes diplomatic officers representing consular, administrative, political, economic, cultural, and legal affairs, as well as all the representatives from agencies other than the Department of State. These are the people responsible for the day to day work of the mission. Department of State employees at missions comprise US-based political appointees, career diplomats, and Foreign Service nationals. The last are local residents, who provide continuity for the transient American staff and have language and cultural expertise. The Confidential US State Department Central Files, Soviet Union, Foreign Affairs, 1945-59 microfilm collection includes files relating to Soviet foreign affairs prepared for the President of the United States by this field of State Department regional experts.
Memos of the Special Assistant for National Security Affairs: McGeorge Bundy to President Johnson, 1963-1966 are microfilmed copies of memoranda, minutes, correspondence, press releases, and published articles relating to the national security and foreign policy of the United States from Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, McGeorge Bundy. Bundy was formerly a political analyst with the Council on Foreign Relations, 1948-49; Harvard University Visiting Lecturer, 1949-51, Associate Professor of Government, 1951-54, Professor, 1954-61, and Dean Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 1953-61. As Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, 1961-66, he advised President Lyndon Baines Johnson on US foreign policy, by acting as a liaison officer between national security offices such as the Central Intelligence Agency and the Department of Defense and the White House
MAGIC was the codeword used by the United States to identify deciphered Japanese diplomatic communications immediately prior to and throughout World War Two. During the war, the term MAGIC was also used for deciphered Japanese military communications, as was the term TOP SECRET ULTRA. The documents in this collection are restricted to diplomatic communications. MAGIC included all decrypted messages in Japanese diplomatic codes and ciphers, the most valuable of which were those encoded by the cipher machine known to the US as PURPLE. The ability to break into PURPLE meant that the Americans were able to read the most secret of Japanese diplomatic communications from before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 Dec 1941, to the end of the war in the Pacific. By way of the Japanese ambassador to Berlin, Lt Gen Hiroshi Oshima, MAGIC intelligence also provided information throughout the war about German plans and operations against the Soviet Union and the Allies. The PURPLE cipher machine was used by Japanese diplomatic and military personnel and operated by substituting ordinary typewriter keys, through a series of stepping switches and electrical matrices, into substitute letters. Theoretically, the possible substitutions by the machine cipher were endless and thus difficult to crack. Through MAGIC, however, American cryptanalysts found beachheads into Japanese ciphers from phrases used regularly and repeatedly and available in plain text. Leading the US attempt to break PURPLE was William F Friedman, a cryptanalyst who successfully broke German codes during World War One. Friedman was an expert in statistics an probability and, aided by a cryptanalyst from the US Navy, Harry L Clark, and a team of mathematicians, he successfully cracked the PURPLE code on 25 Sep 1940. Once the Freidman group enciphered PURPLE, they constructed four machines to duplicate its functions and distributed them to Washington, DC, the Philippines, and Bletchley Park, Great Britain. Upon receipt of the PURPLE machine, the British began decrypting diplomatic messages to and from Japanese embassies in Europe, the Far East and the Middle East and, by Jun 1941, had received a second machine for Singapore. Although it revealed the imminence of the war, MAGIC had little operational value. It did not reveal Pearl Harbor as a target of attack, as Japanese diplomats were often not briefed on military plans. MAGIC did, however, reveal Japanese intentions in 1941 of breaking off negotiations with Washington and London, hence indicating plans for war. Through the coded traffic of Japanese ambassador to Berlin, Hiroshi, the Allies were notified of a possible German invasion of the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941, German apprehensions of waging war on more than one front, and German troop dispositions against the Allied invasion of France in Jun 1944. MAGIC's final operation of the war was its revelation to the Allies of Japan's desperate effort to secure Soviet mediation of the war in the Pacific.
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was the approximate US counterpart of the British Secret Intelligence Service, MI6, and Special Operations Executive (SOE), with which it co-operated throughout World War Two and its immediate aftermath. The OSS was created by Presidential Military Order on 13 Jun 1942 and it functioned as the principal US intelligence organisation in all operational theatres during the war. Its primary function was to obtain information about enemy nations and to sabotage their war potential and morale. The OSS was terminated by Executive Order 9620 on 20 Sep 1945, its functions later assumed by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and, more principally, the US State Department. One of the US State Department's primary functions immediately following World War Two was to provide the US President and the US Joint Chiefs of Staff with intelligence relating to the civil structure of foreign states and the impact of communism on post-colonial countries. In the Far East, the State Department provided the US Executive Branch with key intelligence concerning the economic and civil stability of nations weakened by Japanese occupation during World War Two and subsequently engaged in civil economic, political, and social crises. This enabled US policy planners to formulate long-term strategic goals in the Far East. During the war, the US State Department relied on OSS intelligence to prepare summary research reports concerning the social structure, strategic interests, resources, government, and economic stability of countries in the Far East. After the war, US embassies, State Department field offices, and US foreign service personnel provided the White House with the majority of strategic intelligence relating to the civil structure of nations in the Far East.
The Papers of John Foster Dulles and of Christian A Herter, 1953-1961 are microfilmed copies of telephone conversations, correspondence, memoranda, working papers, position papers and speeches of John Foster Dulles during his tenure as US Secretary of State, 1953-1959, and of Christian Archibald Herter during his tenure as US Under Secretary of State, 1953-1959 and Secretary of State, 1959-1961. Born in Washington, DC, on 25 Feb 1888, John Foster Dulles studied law and politics at Princeton University, the Sorbonne, Paris, the University of Pennsylvania, John's Hopkins University, and Harvard University. He served on the Counsel to the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, Versailles, 1918-1919. In 1945 he was a member of the US Delegation to the San Francisco Conference on World Organization (later the United Nations), and became a permanent delegate to the UN, 1946-1950. After the 1952 election campaign, in which Dulles attacked Democratic foreign policy as ineffective, President-elect Dwight David Eisenhower named Dulles as his Secretary of State. Together, Eisenhower and Dulles pursued a policy of containment towards the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. Their 'New Look' defence policy sought to project a credible deterrent against communism through a combination of fiscal moderation, heavy reliance on nuclear weapons and a foreign policy based on threats of 'massive retaliation' in the event of a Soviet first-strike. Christian Archibald Herter was born in Paris, France, 28 Mar 1895. He served as an attaché to the American Embassy in Berlin, 1916-1917 and Secretary of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, Versailles, 1918-1919. From 1929-1930 Herter was a lecturer in international politics at Harvard University. In 1957, he became Under Secretary of State and, on Dulles's death in 1959, became Secretary of State for the remainder of the Eisenhower administration.US State Department telephone conversations and correspondence, excluding those with the President, were routinely monitored by personal assistants who took shorthand notes on their content. Later, these personal assistants prepared memoranda based on the shorthand notes. Dulles's staff used these memoranda to ensure that any required action resulting from the telephone conversations and correspondence was taken. Thus, the purpose of these memoranda was purely operational. Consequently, while Dulles's personal assistants tried to be accurate and complete in their note- taking, they were not concerned about nuance or detail. The transcribers often were not familiar with the subject matter and were not trying to record history. After serving their operational purpose, the memoranda were filed and kept only as a convenient reference of the time and date of various messages. US State Department correspondence with the President, however, was rarely monitored. Therefore, the memoranda of this material originated in the Secretary of State himself. He usually dictated them, occasionally through his Special Assistants, Roderic O'Connor and John Hanes.
The collection is a microfiche copy of the official transcript of 'American Military Tribunal III in the Matter of the United States of America against Alfried Krupp, et al, defendants, sitting at Nuernberg, Germany, on 31 July 1948, 0900-1630 hours, the Honorable Hu C Anderson presiding'. Following World War Two a number of German industrialists were charged by the American Military Tribunal, US Military Government of Germany, of four major crimes: the planning, preparation, initiation and waging of aggressive war; the plunder and spoliation of occupied territories; crimes involving prisoners of war and slave labour; and a common plan or conspiracy to commit crimes against peace. This collection is a copy of the verdict and final result transcript of the trials of Alfried Felix Alwyn Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, head of Fried. Krupp AG (or the Krupp Concern), a major steelworks, machine, and mining company, and many of his associates and company executives, 1947-1948. The defendants were arraigned on 17 Nov 1947 and closing arguments were made on 30 Jun 1948. The trial involved the oral testimony of 117 witnesses; 1,471 documents admitted as evidence by the prosecution; and 2,829 documents admitted as evidence by the defence. The briefs and final pleas of defence counsel consisted of more than 1,500 pages and counsel for the defendants consumed five days in final arguments.
Senior officer oral histories were the central component of the ongoing oral history programme conducted by the US Army Military History Institute (USAMHI). Directed by the Chief, Oral History Branch, USAMHI, the objective of the programme was to interview senior US Army officers. Created in 1970 at the behest of Gen William Childs Westmoreland, then Chief of Staff, US Army, the programme was initiated to produce interviews that would serve the needs of historians as well as professional soldiers interested in leadership techniques. Interviewers were drawn from the US Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, and were selected for their interests, education, and career patterns and the interviews were recorded on audio tape and then transcribed. Transcripts were then edited for continuity, readability, and accuracy.
Kut-el-Amara, Mesopotamia, garrisoned by the British Army, was the scene of a lengthy siege by the Turkish Army during World War One. The British troops eventually surrendered in Apr 1916 following the failure of several relief attempts.