Born in 1918; educated at Stockton Grammar School and Constantine Technical College; served with Royal Engineers, 1939-1946; engineer in charge of demolition during the SOE attack on the Asopos Viaduct, Greece, May-Jun 1943; joined Sir Alexander Gibb and Partners, 1946; Resident Engineer, Hydro-Electric Works, Scotland, 1946-1952; Chief Representative, New Zealand, 1952-1955, and Scotland, 1955-1959; Partner, 1959, and Senior Partner, 1977; responsible for design and supervision of construction of various major water resource development projects, maritime works and international airports.
Born in 1902; educated at Royal Naval Colleges, Osborne and Dartmouth; entered Royal Navy, 1916; Midshipman, HMS ROYAL OAK, Black Sea and Dardanelles, 1920; Sub-Lt, HMS VENDETTA and HM Yacht VICTORIA AND ALBERT, 1924; served on various destroyers, Mediterranean and China Stations, 1927-1936; attended Naval Staff College, 1939; commanded HMS WREN, 1939, HMS MASHONA, 1940-1941 and HMS ONSLAUGHT, 1942-1944; Capt. 1943; Chief of Staff, Londonderry, 1944-1945; Capt, 'D' Third Flotilla, in command of HMS SAUMAREZ, Mediterranean, 1946-1947; Deputy Director, Operations Division, Admiralty, 1948-1950; Capt-in-Charge, Simonstown Dockyard, South Africa, 1950-1952; R Adm, 1953; headed British Naval Mission to Greece, 1953-1955; retired, 1956; died in 1994.
Born 1896; served World War One, 1914- 1918; commissioned into 3 Bn (Reserve), The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regt), 1915; served on Western Front with 10 (Service) Bn (Battersea), The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regt), 1916; wounded in action, France, 1916; Lt, 1917; temporary Capt, 1918; service during Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, as liaison officer to French and Russian forces, British Military Mission to North Russia (codename ELOPE), North Russian Expeditionary Force, 1918-1919; Bde Maj, Force C, North Russia Expeditionary Force, 1918; County Accountant, Cornwall County Council, 1926-1929; County Accountant, Buckinghamshire County Council, 1929-1938; Treasurer, Buckinghamshire Water Board, 1937-1961; County Treasurer, Buckinghamshire County Council, 1938-1961; served World War Two, 1939-1945; commanded Home Guard, Wendover, Buckinghamshire, 1940-1944; retired 1961; died 1981.
Born in 1889; educated at Westminster School, London; 2nd Lt, Bedfordshire Regt, 1909; Lt, 1911; Capt, Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regt, 1914; served in France and Belgium, 1914-1918; General Staff Officer Grade 3, France, 1917; Bde Maj, France, 1917-1918; Staff Capt, Irish Command, 1920-1921; Bde Maj, Irish Command, 1921-1922; General Staff Officer Grade 3, Eastern Command, 1922-1924; attended Staff College, Camberley, 1926; General Staff Officer Grade 3, later Grade 2, RAF Co-operation, Aldershot, 1928-1930; Deputy Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Western Command, 1930-1932; commanded 1 Bn, Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regt, 1933-1937; Assistant Quartermaster General, Northern Command, 1937-1939; served in World War Two; served in Kenya, 1940-1942; retired pay, 1945; died in 1968.
Born 1871; educated at Stubbington House, Fareham, Hampshire, and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; commissioned into the Royal Artillery, and posted to 64 Field Battery, Royal Field Artillery, Ireland, 1889; Lt, 1892; service with A Battery (The Chestnut Troop), Royal Horse Artillery, India, 1893-1899; Capt, 1899; served with Egyptian Army, 1899-1900; reconquest of the Sudan, 1899; served in Second Boer War, South Africa, 1900-1902; Special Service, South Africa, 1900; Brevet Maj, 1902; service with O Battery, Royal Horse Artillery, India, 1903-1905; Maj, 1904; qualified as Army Interpreter in Modern Foreign Languages, 1905; graduated from Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1906; Assistant Military Secretary to Gen Sir Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern Command, 1907-1908; General Staff Officer 2, War Office, 1909-1910; General Staff Officer 2, Mediterranean Command and to Inspector General Overseas Forces, 1910-1911; posted to 5 Battery, Royal Field Artillery, Hilsea, Cosham, Hampshire, 1911; commanded A Battery (The Chestnut Troop), Royal Horse Artillery, South Africa, India and France, 1911-1915; served in World War One, 1914-1918; Lt Col, 1914; service on Western Front, 1914-1915; General Staff Officer 2, Headquarters, 2 Army, British Expeditionary Force, 1915; General Staff Officer 1, 48 South Midland Div, British Expeditionary Force, 1915; Brig Gen Royal Artillery, 29 Div, Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, 1915; Brig Gen Royal Artillery, 8 Corps, Gallipoli, 1915; awarded CB, 1915; Brig Gen General Staff, East Africa Force, 1915-1916; Commander Royal Artillery, 60 London Div, Western Front, 1916; temporary Brig Gen, 1916; Brevet Col, 1917; Commander Royal Artillery, 60 London Div, Salonika, 1916-1917; General Officer Commanding Royal Artillery, 21 Corps, Egypt and Palestine, 1917-1919; served at Third Battle of Gaza and as General Officer Commanding Royal Artillery, Battle of Megiddo, Palestine, 1918; General Officer Commanding Royal Artillery, 20 Corps, Cairo, Egypt, 1919; created KCMG, 1919; retired 1920; Hon Brig Gen, 1920; died 1924.
Born in 1890; 2nd Lt, Royal Engineers, 1910; Lt, 1912; Capt, 1916; served in France and Belgium, 1914-1918; Maj, 1926; Staff Capt, War Office, 1919-1922; Instructor, Royal Engineers Training Centre, 1927-1929; served in Burma, [1930-1932]; Commander, Royal Engineering, India, 1933-1934; Lt Col, 1934; Col, 1936; Assistant Director (Engineering), Department of Munitions Production, War Office and later Ministry of Supply, 1937-1941; Chief-Engineer, Malaya Command and Director-General of Civil Defence, Malaya, 1941-1942; held as POW by the Japanese, 1942-1945; died in 1971.
Born, Rhanikhet, India, 1897; educated at the Dragon School, Haileybury; served in the Royal Flying Corps London Air Defence and in France, Egypt and Sudan, 1915-1918; served with the RAF in India, 1921-1923; RAF Staff College, 1924-1925; commanded No 4 Squadron, 1925-1928; Air Staff, Air Ministry, 1928-1930; Instructor, Staff College, Camberley, 1931-1934; commanded No 3 Indian Wing, Quetta, 1935; Waziristan operations, 1936-1937; Director of Plans, Air Ministry, 1937-1941; Aide de Camp to the King, 1938; Air Commodore, 1939; Air Officer Commanding 5 (Bomber) Group, 1941; Air Vice Marshal, 1941; Assistant Chief of the Air Staff, (Policy), Casablanca Conference, 1942-1943; Air Officer Commanding in Chief, Coastal Command, 1943; Air Marshal, 1943; Commander in Chief, RAF, Mediterranean and Middle East, 1944-1945; Member of Air Council for Personnel, 1945-1947; Air Chief Marshal, 1946; Commandant, Imperial Defence College, 1948-1949; Principal Air Aide de Camp to the King, 1948-1950; Marshal of the RAF, 1950; Chief of the Air Staff, 1950-1952; retired, 1953, died, 1979.
Publications: Air Power and Armies (Oxford: 1936); Strategy for the West (London: 1954); The Central Blue: Recollections and Reflections etc (London: 1956); What Price Coexistence? A Policy for the Western Alliance (London: 1962); Command and Control of Allied Nuclear Forces: A British View (London: 1965); These Remain: A Personal Anthology: Memories of Flying, Fighting and Field Sports (London: 1969).
Born in 1919; educated at Gordonstoun School and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, 1939; served in World War Two in Burma, 1939-1941, UK, 1941-1943, North Africa, 1943, and Italy, 1943-1944; commanded D Company, 2 Bn, Sherwood Foresters, Italy, 1944; Capt, 1946; graduated from Staff College, Camberley, 1948; Maj, 1952; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, HQ 1 Commonwealth Div and Commonwealth Contingent, Korea, 1955-1956; graduated from French Army Staff College, Paris, 1961; Military Attaché, Algiers, 1963-1965; Staff Officer Grade 1, War Office; retired, 1968; worked as stockbroker, [1968-1971]; investment manager for an international banking group, [1972]-1986; died in 1994.
Born 1877; educated at King's College School and King's College Hospital, London; Lt, Indian Medical Service, 1900; service in Waziristan, North West Frontier, India, 1901-1902; Capt, 1903; Maj, 1911; Professor of Medicine, Allahabad University, India, 1913-1923; served in World War One, 1914-1918; temporary Lt Col, Indian Medical Service, 1917-1919; Consulting Physician, Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force, 1916-1918; Lt Col, 1919; awarded CIE, 1919; Col, 1929; Professor of Medicine and Principal, King George's Medical College, Lucknow University, India, 1926; Dean of the Medical Faculty, Lucknow University, 1926; Maj Gen, 1930; Surgeon General to Government of Madras, India, 1930-1935; Director General, Indian Medical Service, 1933-1937; Honorary Physician to the King, 1933-1937; President, Medical Council of India, 1934-1937; Knighted, 1936; retired 1937; died 1956. Publications: A guide to the use of tuberculin, with Archer William Ross Cochrane (J Bale, Sons and Danielsson, London, 1915); Moore's manual of family medicine and hygiene for India (Churchill, London, 1916); Consumption: treatment at home and rules for living. Adapted for India (Butterworth, Calcutta, India, 1917); Beri-beri in the Mesopotamian Force [1918].
Biographical history: Born 1894; educated at Rugby and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; commissioned into Royal Artillery, 1914; served in World War One, on Western Front, 1914-1918; Lt, 1915; awarded MC, 1915; Capt, 1917; Adjutant, 1917; acting Maj, 1917-1919; service in Iraq, 1919-1920; served on North West Frontier, India, 1930-1931; Maj, 1933; Instructor, School of Artillery, India, 1935-1938; served in World War Two in France, North Africa, and the War Office, 1939-1945; temporary Lt Col, 1939-1940; Lt Col, 1940; acting Col, 1940-1941; temporary Brig, 1941; Commanded Support Group, 8 Armoured Div, Middle East, 1941-1942; retired 1946; awarded CBE, 1946; died 1957.
Born in 1907; commissioned into Army, 1926; served with 4 Prince of Wales's Own Gurkha Rifles, Indian Army, 1927-1947; Lt, 1928; Capt, 1935; ADC to Sir Henry (Duffield) Craik, Bt, Governor of Punjab, 1935-[1939]; served in India and Italy, 1944; Commandant, Garlochhead Training Camp, Helensburgh, 1962-1964; died in 1986.
Born in 1899; served with Queen's Royal Regt (West Surrey Regt), 1918-1935; joined British Council, 1935; Adjutant and Mobilising Officer, Intelligence Corps, BEF, 1939-1940; died in 1981.
Born 1868; educated at University College School, Rugby School, Cheltenham, Blackheath Proprietary School and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; commissioned into the Corps of Royal Engineers, 1888; served in India, 1889-1894; Lt, 1891; Assistant Instructor in Fortification, School of Military Engineering, Chatham, Kent, 1896-1899; Capt, 1899; served in Second Boer War, South Africa, as Adjutant and later, Commanding Officer, 1 Bn, Railway Pioneer Regt, 1899-1902; awarded DSO, 1900; Staff Capt, Army Headquarters, War Office, 1905-1907; Maj, 1906; Chief Instructor in Fortification and geometrical drawing, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, 1907-1910; Secretary, Historical Section, Committee of Imperial Defence, employed on the British Official History of the Russo-Japanese War, 1910-1913; awarded the Chesney Gold Medal, 1913; served in World War One, 1914-1918; Deputy Director of Railway Transport, 1914; Assistant Secretary (Military), Committee of Imperial Defence and War Cabinet, 1914-1917; Lt Col, 1915; originator of tanks, 1915-1916; temporary Col, 1915-1917; raised Heavy Section, Machine Gun Corps, 1916; Brevet Col, 1917; awarded CB, 1917; lecture tour of USA, 1918; retired 1919; Honorary Maj Gen, 1919; Controller of Information Department of Civil Aviation, Air Ministry, 1919-1921; Director, Citroen Company, 1922-1951; created KBE, 1923; Chichele Professor of Military History, Oxford University, 1925-1939; Col Commandant Royal Tank Corps, 1934-1938; died 1951.Publications: Under the pseudonym of Backsight Forethought, The defence of Duffer's Drift. A few experiences in field defence for detached posts which may prove useful in our next war (William Clowes and Sons, London, 1904); The truth about Port Arthur by E K Nozhin, edited by Swinton (John Murray, London, 1908); under the pseudonym of Ole Luk-Oie, The great tab dope (W Blackwood and Sons, London, 1915) and A year ago: eyewitness's narrative of the war from March 30th to July 18th, 1915, with Alan Ian Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland [1916]; The Russian Army and the Japanese War, being historical and critical comments on the military policy and power of Russia and on the campaign in the Far East by Aleksei Nikolaevich Kuropatkin, edited by Swinton (John Murray, London, 1909); The tanks (Gill and Son, London, 1917); The study of war (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1926); translation of Albert, King of the Belgians in the Great War by Émile Joseph Galet (Putnam, London, 1931); Eyewitness. Being personal reminiscences of certain phases of the Great War, including the genesis of the tank (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1932); translation of An Eastern odyssey. The third expedition of Haardt and Audouin-Dubreuil by Georges Lefèvre (Victor Gollancz, London, 1935); Twenty years after. The battlefields of 1914-18, then and now (George Newnes, London, 1936); War commentary. Broadcasts delivered between October, 1939 and March, 1940 (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1940); The green curve omnibus (Faber and Faber, London, 1942); Over my shoulder. The autobiography of Major General Sir Ernest D Swinton (George Ronald, Oxford, 1951).
Born in 1896; educated at Bedales School, Petersfield and Nottingham High School; studied accounting in London, then worked for a firm of camera and lens makers in Berlin; joined Army Service Corps as a clerk, 1914; 2nd Lt and Lt, 1915; transferred to 2 Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regt); served in France, 1915-1916; killed in action, 1916.
Born in 1904; educated at Merchant Taylors' School; worked as a Lloyds marine broker from 1921-1925; began to write professionally while travelling in Argentina and Australia; worked as an author and feature writer on UK depressed areas, 1930-1939; worked as a special correspondent with The Morning Post for which he covered the Gran Chaco War, 1935-1936; on the outbreak of war in 1939 he joined the fire brigade and enlisted in the ranks in 1940; promoted to Capt in 1941, transferred to the Intelligence Corps for training; 1944 worked as a censor and a report writer on the mental and physical health of the 'D' Day forces; later in 1944 was released from the Army to work as war correspondent for The Sunday Times in Western Europe; travelled extensively in post war Europe and attended the Nuremberg trials; employed as a war correspondent for the Daily Telegraph during the Korean War; in 1951 settled in Suffolk to write full time on military subjects; his writing was highly regarded by his close friends Maj Sir Desmond John Falkiner Morton and Maj Gen Eric Edward Dorman O'Gowan (formerly Eric Edward Dorman Smith) and by Capt Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart to whom he turned for professional advice and criticism, however his books never achieved critical success and he suffered from ill health and financial difficulties; died 1977. Publications: Argentine Interlude. The first roll of a rolling stone (Duckworth, London,1931); Down Under. An Australian Odyssey (Duckworth, London, 1932); Glory Hole (Duckworth, London, 1933); Wild Animal Man (Duckworth, London, 1934); Land of To-Morrow A story of South America, (Duckworth, London, 1936); To-Morrow We Live (Duckworth, London, 1936); An Englishman Looks at Wales (Arrowsmith, London, 1937); Home in Ham (Arrowsmith, Bristol,1938); Portrait of a Patriot.The story of the early life and rise to power of Juan Manuel de Rosas (Collins, London, Glasgow, 1939); Voice from the Wilderness. Being a record of my search for El Dorado and of those who have sought and found new lives (Faber & Faber, London, 1940); Germans and Japs in South America (Faber & Faber, London, 1942); Men Under Fire (Macdonald, London, 1946); Black Caribbean (Macdonald, London, 1946); Devil at my Heels. The record of a journey through Europe from the Arctic Ocean to the Black Sea in the aftermath of war (Macdonald, London, 1947); Voice from the Wilderness (Macdonald, London, 1947); Cry Korea (White Lion Publishers, 1974; Hamilton, London, 1956; Macdonald, London, 1951); 9 A.B. The challenge (Spalding & Levy, London, 1953); The Pink House in Angel Street, The story of a family (Dennis Dobson, London, 1954); Dieppe at dawn (White Lion Publishers, London, 1972; Hutchinson, London, 1956); The Eighty-Five Days (Four Square Books, London 1960; Hutchinson, London, 1957); The Battle for the Rhineland (Hutchinson, London, 1958); Boy in Blinkers (Robert Hale, London,1959); The Price of Victory (Constable, London, 1960); The Yankee Marlborough (George Allen & Unwin, London, 1963); An Echo of Trumpets (George Allen & Unwin, London, 1964); Spearhead of invasion: D-Day (Pan Books, London, 1972; Macdonald, London 1968); Montgomery, the Field Marshal: a critical study of the generalship of Field-Marshal the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, K.G., and of the campaign in North-West Europe, 1944/45, (Allen & Unwin, London, 1969); Generalissimo Churchill (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1973); Churchill and Morton, the quest for insight in the correspondence of Major Sir Desmond Morton and the author R W Thompson (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1976).
Born in 1901; served in Royal Indian Navy, 1942-1946; Director of Personal Services, Naval HQ, India, 1942-1944; President of Board of Enquiry into the causes and circumstances of the mutiny in the Castle Barracks, Bombay, between 18-24 Feb 1946, Mar 1946; died in 1981.
Born 1905; volunteer Aircraft Identifier, Royal Observer Corps, May-Jul 1944; died 1993.
Born 1912; educated at Norwich School and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into the Norfolk Regt, 1932; served with 1 Bn, Royal Norfolk Regt, India, 1933-1938; Lt, 1935; Waziristan campaign, North West Frontier, India, 1937; service in World War Two, 1939-1945, with 1 Bn, Royal Norfolk Regt and 1 Bn, Hereford Regt, British Liberation Army, 1944-1945; Capt, 1940; Bde Maj, 1940-1941; Commanding Officer, 1 Bn, Herefordshire Regt, 11 Armoured Div, 21 Army Group, North West Europe, 1944-1945; temporary Lt Col, 1944-1953; awarded DSO, 1945; Maj, 1946; Chief Instructor, Tactical Wing, Sennelager School of Infantry, Germany, 1946-1947; Commanding Officer, 1 Bn, Royal Norfolk Regt, Berlin, Germany, 1947-1948; Brevet Lt Col, 1952; served in Hong Kong and UK, 1953-1955; Col, 1955; commanded Tactical Wing, School of Infantry, 1955-1957; temporary Brig, 1957; commanded 1 Federation Infantry Bde, Malaya, in operations in Malaya, 1957-1959; Brigadier General Staff, Headquarters British Army of the Rhine, 1961; Aide de Camp, 1961-1964; Chairman, F and G Smith Limited, 1962-1982; awarded CBE, 1963; Maj Gen Administration, General Headquarters, Far East Land Forces, 1964-1967; retired, 1967; awarded CB, 1967; Director, Crisp Maltings Limited, 1967-1982; Chairman, Walpole and Wright Limited, 1968-1982; Director, Crisp Malt Products Limited, 1968-1982; Deputy Col, Royal Anglian Regt, 1971-1974; Director, Edme Limited, 1972-1982; Chairman, Anglia Maltings Limited, 1976-1982; President, Anglia Maltings (Holdings) Limited, 1982-1996; died 1996.
Eng V Adm Sir Harold Arthur Brown, born, 1878; educated as engineering student, Royal Naval Engineering College, Devonport, 1894-1899; Deputy Engineer-in-Chief of the Fleet, 1930-1932; Engineer-in-Chief of the Fleet, 1932-1936; Director General of Munitions Production, Army Council, War Office, 1936-1939; Director General of Munitions Production, Ministry of Supply, 1939-1941; Controller General of Munitions Production, 1941-1942; Senior Supply Officer and Chairman of Armamanent Development Board, Ministry of Supply, 1942-1946; Chairman Fuel Research Board, 1947-1950; died 1968.
Sir George Wilfred Turner, born 1896; Boy Clerk, War Office, 1911-1914; Grenadier Guards, 1916-1919; returned to Civil Service, 1921; Private Secretary, 1929; Assistant Secretary, 1938; Ministry of Supply, 1939-1948, culminating in becoming Permanent Under-Secretary of State for War, 1949-1956; retired, 1956; died, 1974.
Born in 1883; served in RN, 1896-1912; rejoined RN and attached to Government Steel Inspection Unit, [1914-1918]; retired from RN and started a career in farming in Kenya, 1925; rejoined RN, 1940; Naval Officer-in-Charge, Mogadishu, Somalia, 1941; Sea Transport Officer, later Divisional Sea Transport Officer, Aden, 1941-1943; Divisional Sea Transport Officer, Port Said, Egypt, 1943; retired pay, 1943; died in 1964.
Born (Fritz) Erich von Lewinski, Berlin, Germany, 1887; adopted by relatives and assumed von Manstein name; educated at the Lycée, Strasbourg; served in the Cadet Corps, Plön and Berlin, Germany, 1895-1906; Ensign, 3 Foot Guards, 1906; Lt, 1907; Battalion Adjutant, 1911; Senior Lt (Oberleutnant), 1914; served in World War One, 1914-1918; Adjutant, 2 Guards Reserve Regt, 1914; served in Marne campaign, France, 1914; severely wounded on Eastern Front, Nov 1914; Staff Officer, Army Group Gallwitz, Poland and Serbia, Jun-Aug 1915; Capt, 1915; Adjutant, Headquarters, 12 Army, 1915-1916; Staff Officer, Headquarters, 11 Army, Battle of Verdun, Western Front, 1916; Staff Officer, Headquarters, 1 Army, Battle of the Somme, Picardy, France, 1916; Senior Operations Officer, 4 Cavalry Div, Courland (Estonia), 1917; Senior Operations Officer, 213 Assault Infantry Div, Western Front, 1918; General Staff Officer, Frontier Defence, East, Breslau, Germany, 1919; Staff Officer to Gen von Lossberg, Berlin and Kassel, Germany, 1919; Company commander, 5 Infantry Regt, Angermunde, Pomerania, Germany, 1920; General Staff Officer, Wehrkreis I, II and IV, 1923-1927; Maj, 1927; General Staff Officer to Infantry Leader IV, Oct 1927; served with Operations Branch of Truppenamt, Sep 1929; Lt Col, 1932; Commanding Officer, Jäger Bn, 4 Infantry Regt, Kolber, Germany, 1932; Col, 1933; Chief of Staff to Gen Erwin von Witzleben, Wehrkreiss III, Berlin, Germany, 1934; Head of Operations Branch, Army General Staff, 1935; Maj Gen, 1936; Deputy Chief of Staff to Gen Ludwig Beck, 1936; commanded 18 Infantry Div, Liegnitz, Germany, 1938; Chief of Staff to Gen Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb during Munich Crisis, Sep 1938; Lt Gen, 1939; appointed Chief of Staff to Gen (Karl Rudolph) Gerd von Rundstedt, Commander-in-Chief, Army Group South, Aug 1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; service in German invasion and conquest of Poland, Sep-Oct 1939; Chief of Staff, Army Group A, 1939-1940; commanded 38 (Infantry) Corps, German invasion and conquest of France, May-Jun 1940; Gen of Infantry, 1940; commanded 56 Panzer Corps, 4 Panzer Group, Army Group North, May-Sep 1941; service in Operation BARBAROSSA, the German invasion of the USSR, 22 Jun 1941, and the advance on Leningrad, 1941; commanded 11 Army, Army Group South, USSR, 1941-1942; planned and completed German conquest of the Crimea, USSR, 1942; FM, 1942; commanded Army Group Don (later renamed Army Group South from Feb 1943), USSR, Nov 1942-1944; dismissed by Adolf Hitler, Mar 1944; served with Führer reserve, 1944-1945; surrendered to British forces, May 1945; tried by British Military Court on seventeen charges of war crimes, Curio House, Hamburg, Germany, Aug 1949; found guilty of nine charges of war crimes relating to neglecting to protect civilian lives, and sentenced to eighteen years imprisonment (later reduced to twelve years), Dec 1949; released from prison, 1953; appointed organisational adviser to the Bundeswehr, 1956; died 1973. Publications: Verteidigung Manstein (Hamburg, Germany, 1950); Verlorene siege (Bonn, Germany, 1955); Aus einem Soldatenleben, 1887-1939 (Bonn, Germany, 1958); Lost victories, edited and translated by Anthony G Powell (Methuen, London, 1958).
Born 1898; educated at St Lawrence College, Ramsgate, Kent, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich and Clare College, Cambridge; served in World War One, 1914-1918; commissioned into Royal Artillery, 1916; service in France, Italy and South Russia, 1916-1920; Lt, 1917; served with 94 Heavy Artillery Bde, Italy, 1918; awarded MC, 1918; attached to Signal Service, 1918-1920; served with 14 Corps Signals Company, 10 Army, Piave river, Italy, 1918; seconded to Royal Engineers, 1918-1921; served as Signals Officer on British Military Mission to South Russia, Odessa Detachment, 1919-1920; acting Capt, 1919-1920; transferred to Royal Corps of Signals, 1921; Instructor, School of Signals, 1924-1928; Capt, 1927; Royal Engineers Board, 1928-1930; Second Military Member, Royal Engineers Board, 1930-1932; graduated from Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1934; Intelligence Staff Officer, India, 1935; Maj, 1936; General Staff Officer 3, Baluchistan and Western District, India, 1936-1937; Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General, 1938-1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; General Staff Officer 1, General Headquarters, British Expeditionary Force (BEF), France, and General Headquarters, Home Forces, 1940-1941; temporary Lt Col, 1940-1941; awarded OBE, 1941; Lt Col, 1941; temporary Col, 1941; Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, 2 Div, India, 1942-1944; Col, 1943; Maj Gen, 1944; commanded Madras Area, India, 1944-1947; awarded CB, 1946; Member of Indian Armed Forces Nationalisation Committee, 1947; General Officer Commanding Malaya District, 1947-1948; member of Nos 1 and 2 War Crimes Review of Sentences Boards, for German, Austrian, Italian and Japanese war criminals, 1948-1949; War Office, 1949; retired 1950; Telecommunications Attaché, British Embassy, Washington DC, USA, 1951-1954; Senior Planning Engineer, Independent Television Authority, 1954-1960; Chairman, Council of Royal Signals Institution, 1957-1963; Regional Officer, East Anglia, Independent Television Authority, 1960-1964; National Vice Chairman, Dunkirk Veterans' Association, 1962-1967; Technical Consultant, Inter-University Research Unit, Cambridge, 1965-1969; Chairman, South East Forum for closed circuit television in education, 1967-1973; National Chairman, Dunkirk Veterans' Association, 1967-1974; Technical Consultant, Women's Royal Voluntary Service Headquarters, 1970-1975; died 1996.
Born in 1897; educated at Royal Naval Colleges, Osborne and Dartmouth; served on HMS DORIS, Mediterranean, 1914-1915, HMS VALIANT, North Sea, 1916-1917, HMS LOBELIA, Mediterranean, 1917-1918, HMS CALYPSO, Baltic, 1918, and HMS TRING, English Channel, 1920; retired from RN, 1920, but rejoined to fight in World War Two; died in 1981.
The Washington Version is a three part television documentary on the Gulf War produced for BBC Television and Discovery Channel by Brian Lapping Associates, a London based television production company. The documentary was conceived and arranged for The American Enterprise Institute by Richard Perle. The producers were Mark Anderson, Norma Percy and Grace Kitto. The UK version of the documentary was transmitted by BBC2 on 16, 17 and 18 Jan 1992, the US version was transmitted on 17, 24 and 31 January 1992. The US version of the documentary was titled The Gulf Crisis: Road to War, and Program 2 was titled 'New World Order'.
Born 1883; educated at Summer Fields, Oxford, Winchester College and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment), 1901; served in the Second Boer War, South Africa, with 2 Bn, The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment), 1901-1902; service in India with 2 Bn, The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment), 1903-1908, including Bazar Valley campaign, North West Frontier, 1908; Lt, 1904; graduated from Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1910; visited Russia to learn Russian language, 1911; acting Capt, 1912; General Staff Officer 3, Russian Section, Directorate of Military Operations, War Office, 1912-1914; Capt, 1913; service in World War One, 1914-1918; appointed Bde Maj, 9 Infantry Bde, 3 Div, 2 Corps, British Expeditionary Force (BEF), Belgium and France, 1914; served on Western Front, 1914-1916, seriously wounded and awarded MC, Ypres, Belgium, 1915; General Staff Officer 2, 64 (Highland) Div, Territorial Force, UK, 1915; General Staff Officer 2, General Headquarters, France, 1915-1916; Maj, 1916; temporary Lt Col, 1916; British Military Representative to Russian Gen Grand Duke Nicholas (Nikolai Nikolaevich Romanov), Commander-in-Chief and Governor, Caucasus, 1916-1917; Brevet Lt Col, 1917; Liaison Officer between Gen Sir William Robert Robertson, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, and Gen Sir Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby, General Officer Commanding in Chief Egyptian Expeditionary Force, 1917-1918; Staff Officer, Allied Supreme War Council, Versailles, France, 1918; Brig Gen General Staff, 20 Corps, 1918-1919; awarded CMG, 1919; Brig Gen General Staff, Egypt and Palestine, 1919-1920; service with 2 Bn, The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment), Germany, 1921; Col, 1921; Assistant Adjutant General, Adjutant General's Department, War Office, 1921-1923; General Staff Officer 1, Military Operations 1, Operations Directorate, War Office, 1923-1926; placed on half pay, 1926; General Staff Officer 1, 3 Div, UK, 1926-1930; temporary Brig, 1930; commanded 6 Infantry Bde, Aldershot, Hampshire, 1930-1934; Aide de Camp to HM King George V, 1932-1933; Maj Gen, 1933; placed on half pay, 1934-1935; awarded CB, 1935; General Officer Commanding 2 Div, Aldershot, 1935-1937; Head of British Military Delegation to observe Red Army manoeuvres, Minsk, USSR, 1936; General Officer Commanding, Palestine and Transjordan, 1937-1938; Lt Gen, 1938; General Officer Commanding in Chief Southern Command, 1938-1939; Lees Knowles Lecturer, Trinity College, University of Cambridge, 1939; created KCB, 1939; Commander-in-Chief, Middle East, 1939-1941; Gen, 1940; appointed GCB, 1941; Commander-in-Chief, India, 1941-1943; Aide de Camp General to HM King George VI, 1941-1943; Supreme Allied Commander, South West Pacific, ABDA (American, British, Dutch and Australian) Command, 1942; FM, 1943; appointed GCSI and GCIE, and created Viscount Wavell of Cyrenaica and of Winchester, 1943; Privy Councillor, 1943; Viceroy and Governor General of India, 1943-1947; Chancellor of Aberdeen University, 1945-1950; Honorary Col, The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment), 1946-1950; created 1st Earl Wavell, 1947; High Steward of Colchester, Essex, 1947-1950; Constable of the Tower of London, 1948-1950; Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, 1949; Governor, Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, 1949-1950; died 1950.
Publications: Tsar Nicholas II by Andrei Georgievich Elchaninov, translated by Archibald Percival Wavell (Hugh Rees, London, 1913); The Palestine campaigns (Constable, London, 1928); Allenby: a study in greatness (Harrap, London, 1940); Generals and Generalship. The Lees Knowles Lectures delivered at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1939 (The Times, London, 1941); Allenby in Egypt (Harrap, London, 1943); The war in the Far East. Address...at a meeting of the Study Committees of the Empire Parliamentary Association...1943 (Printed for private circulation, London, 1943); Other men's flowers. An anthology of poetry compiled by A P Wavell (Jonathan Cape, London, 1944); Allenby: soldier and statesman (Harrap, London, 1946); Speaking Generally. Broadcasts, orders and addresses in time of war, 1939-1943 (Macmillan, London, 1946); The good soldier (Macmillan, London, 1948); Speeches by Earl Wavell. From 26th October 1943 to 21st March 1947 (New Delhi, India, 1948); The triangle of forces in civil leadership (WalkerTrust Lectures on Leadership, Oxford University Press, London, 1948); Minerva's owl or education in the Army (Haldane Memorial Lecture, London, 1948); Arms and the man [Presidential address delivered to the Virgil Society, 1948] (Rupert Hart-Davis, London, 1949); National and international history (Stevenson Memorial Lecture, Oxford University Press, London, 1949); Soldiers and soldiering, or Epithets of war, compiled by Maj Archibald John Arthur Wavell, 2nd Earl Wavell (Jonathan Cape, London, 1953).
Born in 1910; educated at Charterhouse School and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; 2nd Lt, Royal Artillery, 1930; Lt, 1933; Capt, 1938; Adjutant, 1939-1940; Bde Maj, Malta, 1941; General Staff Officer Grade 1, Malta, 1941-1943; Staff College, Camberley, 1943-1944; Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General, later Assistant Quartermaster General, SHAEF, 1944-1945; General Staff Officer Grade 1, later Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, HQ 21 Army Group, 1945; Assistant Quartermaster General, British Army of the Rhine, 1944-1946; Assistant Quartermaster General, HQ Southern Command, 1948-1951; British Army of the Rhine, 1951-1952; Col on Staff of SHAPE, 1952-1953; Command of 22 Light Anti-Aircraft Regt, Germany, 1953-1955; Assistant Quartermaster General, War Office, 1955-1958; Commander, 33 Anti-Aircraft Bde, 1958-1960; Commandant, School of Artillery, 1960-1962; ADC to the Queen, 1961-1962; Secretary, County of London Territorial and Auxiliary Forces Association, 1962-1968, and Greater London Territorial Auxiliary and Volunteer Reserve Association, 1968-1974; died in 1985.
Born in 1915; educated at Rugby School and Christ Church College, Oxford; Barrister, Grey's Inn, 1938; served in World War Two with Royal Artillery (Territorial Army); served in Italy, 1944-1945; Lt Col, 1946; Barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1946; Deputy High Court Judge (Chancery Div), 1972-1989; died in 1992.
Born in 1915; educated at St Helen's College, Southsea and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into Royal Ulster Rifles, 1935; served in Palestine, 1937-1939; Lt, 1938; Adjutant, 1940-1941; General Staff Officer Grade 3, Canadian Corps HQ, 1941; Bde Maj, 38 Irish Bde, 1941-1942; Capt, 1943; Deputy Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Middle East Land Forces, 1942-1943; Deputy Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Sudan, 1943; Assistant Quartermaster General, General HQ, Middle East Land Forces, 1943-1944; served with British Military Mission to Albania, 1943-1944, and 2nd Bn, Royal Ulster Rifles, 1944-1945; Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Airborne Division, Palestine, 1945-1948; Maj, 1948; Military Assistant to Adjutant General to the Forces, War Office, 1949-1950; General Staff Officer Grade 1, UK Services Liaison Staff, Australia, 1951-1952; General Staff Officer Grade 1 and Col, General Staff, HQ Northern Army Group and HQ, British Army of the Rhine, 1954-1957; Lt Col, 1958; Col, General Staff, British Army of the Rhine; commanded 1 Bn, Royal Ulster Rifles, Cyprus, 1958-1959; commanded 39 Infantry Bde Group, Northern Ireland, 1960-1962; Chief of Staff, 1 (British) Corps, British Army of the Rhine, 1962-1963; General Officer Commanding 2 Div, 1964-1966; Chief of Staff, Contingencies Planning, SHAPE, 1966-1969; Chief of Staff, HQ, British Army of the Rhine, 1969-1971; retired, 1971; died in 1990.
Born in 1892; enlisted in Middlesex Regt, 1915; served in France, 1916; worked as building contractor; died in 1983.
Born 1884; Confidential Liaison Officer, B B Chemical Co Ltd (Bostick), Leicester, 1940-1945, coordinating efforts of BB Chemical, the Ministries, the Armed Forces and various industrial organisations to develop waterproofing for armoured vehicles, particularly in preparation for D Day; died 1973.
Born in 1860; entered Army, 1880; served in Egypt, 1882; Sudan, 1884-1885 and 1885-1886; Capt, Royal West Kent Regt, 1887; served on North West Frontier, India, 1897; served in Boer War, South Africa, 1899-1901; Maj, 1900; Lt Col, Norfolk Regt, 1904; Col, 1908; commanded brigade in France, World War One, 1914-1915; Deputy Assistant and Quarter Master General, Headquarters, 2 Army, 1915; retired, 1918; died in 1949.
Born 1917; educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford; Gray's Inn, 1939; enlisted in the Royal Artillery, 1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; commissioned, 1940; service with the British Mission, Athens, Greece, 1940-1941; served with the Special Operations Executive (SOE), Greece, 1941-1945; service on clandestine mission in German occupied Crete, 1941-1942; Maj [1942]; Second in Command to Col Edmund Charles Wolf Myers, Head of British Military Mission to Greek guerrillas in German occupied Greece, 1942-1943; participated in operation to demolish the Gorgopotamos viaduct, Greece, Nov 1942; awarded DSO, 1943; Col [1943]; commanded British (later Allied) Military Mission to Greek guerrillas in German occupied Greece, 1943-1945; awarded OBE, 1944; served as Second Secretary, HM Embassy, Athens, Greece, 1945; Secretary General, Allied Mission for Observing Greek Elections (AMFOGE), 1946; worked in industry, 1946-1948; Master of Arts, Oxford, 1947; Assistant Secretary, Nuffield Foundation, 1948-1950; Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1950; served in HM Embassy, Teheran, Iran, 1951-1952; Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, 1951; Foreign Office, 1952; Director General, Royal Institute of International Affairs, and Director of Studies, 1955-1959; Visiting Fellow, Nuffield College, Oxford, 1956; Conservative MP for Oxford, 1959-1966 and 1970-1974; Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Aviation, 1961-1962; Joint Under Secretary of State, Home Office, 1962-1964; Director, Education and Training, Confederation of British Industry, 1966-1970; President, Classical Association, 1968; Chairman, Council, Royal Society of Literature, 1977-1986; Visiting Professor of Modern Greek History, King's College London, 1978; Special Member, Academy of Athens, 1980; succeeded brother, 4th Baron Terrington, 1998. His last years were spent completing the translation into English of Panagiōtēs Kanellopoulos's History of the European Spirit; died 2001.
Publications: A translation of Pope's Sappho to Phaon (Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1938); Apple of discord. A survey of recent Greek politics in their international setting (Hutchinson, London, 1948); One omen (Hutchinson, London, 1950); Dostoievsky (Arthur Barker, London, 1951); The Greek War of Independence: its historical setting (Hutchinson, London, 1952); translation of The buried people: a study of the Etruscan world by Sibylle von Cles-Reden (Rupert Hart-Davis, London, 1955); translation of The last sortie: the story of the Cauldron by Herbert Zand (Rupert Hart-Davis, London, 1955); translation of Child of the revolution by Wolfgang Leonhard (Collins, London, 1957); Britain and the Middle East (Librairie Minard, Paris, France, 1959); British Foreign Policy since the Second World War (Hutchinson, London, 1961); Rhodes, with John Gilbert Lockhart (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1963); The new concert of nations (Bodley Head, London, 1964); The Battle of Navarino (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1965); A short history of Greece from early times to 1964, with Walter Abel Heurtley, Henry Clifford Darby, and Charles William Crawley (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1965); El Neuvo concierto de las naciones (Mexico, 1965); Post war Britain (Bodley Head, London, 1966); The story of modern Greece (Faber and Faber, London, 1968); The Philhellenes (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1969); The modern environment of classical studies: presidential address delivered to the Classical Association at Royal Holloway College, 9 April 1969 (Murray, London, 1969); Capodistria: the founder of Greek independence (Oxford University Press, London, 1973); The struggle for Greece, 1941-1949 (Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, London, 1976); Modern Greece, a short history (Faber, London, 1977); Something ventured (Granada, London, 1982); Karamanlis: the restorer of Greek democracy (Clarendon, Oxford, 1982); British reports on Greece, 1943-1944, with Col Sir John Melior Stevens and David John Wallace, edited by Lars Baerentzen (Museum Tusculanum, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1982); The rise and fall of the Greek Colonels (Granada, London, 1985); George Gemistos Plethon: the last of the Hellenes (Clarendon, Oxford, 1986); Rhigas Velestinlis [1995].
Descriptions of Greek resistance groups (Greek: αντάρτες, andartes) related to this collection:
ΕΑΜ: The National Liberation Front (Greek: Εθνικό Απελευθερωτικό Μέτωπο, Ethniko Apeleftherōtiko Metōpo) led by Geōrgēs Siados (Greek: Γιώργης Σιάντος) was a Communist group affiliated with the KKE - the Communist Party of Greece (Greek: Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας, Kommounistikó Kómma Elládas).
The military arm of EAM was ELAS, The National People's Liberation Army, (Greek: Εθνικός Λαϊκός Απελευθερωτικός Στρατός (ΕΛΑΣ), Ethnikos Laikos Apeleftherōtikos Stratos), led by Arēs Velouchiōtis (Greek: Άρης Βελουχιώτης) (real name Athanasios (Thanasis) Klaras).
EDES: The National Republican Greek League (Greek: Εθνικός Δημοκρατικός Ελληνικός Σύνδεσμος, (ΕΔΕΣ), Ethnikos Dēmokratikos Ellēnikos Syndesmos), was an anti-Communist, Republican group, led by political leader Nikolaos Plastēras (Greek: Νικόλαος Πλαστήρας), and military leader Gen Napoleōn Zervas (Greek: Ναπολέων Ζέρβας).
EKKA: National and Social Liberation (Greek: Εθνική και Κοινωνική Απελευθέρωσις, Ethnikē kai Koinonikē Apeleftherōsis), led by Dēmētrios Psarros (Greek: Δημήτριος Ψαρρός) was a liberal, anti-Communist, Republican group.
Served with Royal Mechanical and Electrical Engineers, [1943-1945].
Born 1925, trained as a telegraph operator, HMS ROYAL ARTHUR, 1943; escort carrier HMS RAJAH, 1944-1945.
The Catholic Women's Suffrage Society, predecessor of the St Joan's International Alliance was founded in 1911 by Gabrielle Jeffery and May Kendall. Their aim was to create an organisation which was non-party political and which would encourage support for women's suffrage within the Catholic Church. An inaugural meeting was organised in Kensington Town Hall in July of that year and attracted participants who became the core of its 200 members under the leadership of Kathleen Fitzgerald as chairperson and Jeffery as secretary. Men were encouraged to join but could not hold posts in the group and branches were established in Liverpool, Brighton and Hastings by the end of the following year, with others to follow in Bristol and Edinburgh. In 1912, the society affiliated to the Federated Council of Suffrage Societies. From 1914, the CWSS published the newspaper the Catholic Suffragist, renamed the Catholic Citizen from early 1918, which continues to be published today. After the granting of limited franchise to women in Britain in 1918, a development that was mirrored in a large number of countries across the world, the society refocused its aims on a wider scale to consider social issues affecting women. This prompted a change of name to reflect this: it became the St Joan's Social and Political Alliance in 1923. From this time on, its international work expanded, from becoming a founder member of the liaison committee of international female organisations in 1924 to the presentation of a report to the League of Nations on the subject of female status in African and Asian states in 1937. This international work continued after the Second World War. Its areas of interest now included the slave trade, women's education and professional development, employment, divorce, prostitution and marital abuse, advising the United Nations on these matters and becoming recognised as an official consultative body by the UN, UNESCO and the World Labour Organisation since 1952. The group which continued in the United Kingdom became known as the Great Britain and Northern Ireland Section of the St Joan's International Alliance in 1954 and was active in the international body's efforts to support the introduction of women priests since the Vatican Council of 1961. However, it has declined to become a 'Catholic' organisation and remained an 'organisation of Catholics' from that time in order to maintain its independence of opinion.
The Tax Resistance League was established in 1909 with the aim of organising female resistance to taxation levied without any correspondent representation through voting rights. The organisation carried on a form of protest that dated back to 1870 when the Priestman sisters refused to pay income tax. The foundation occurred at a meeting held by Louisa Garrett Anderson that was attended by supporters of the Women's Freedom League including Cicely Hamilton and Dr Kate Aslam. By July 1910 the League had 104 members. Those who followed its principles, and whose actions extended to refusing to pay for certain types of licences, Inhabited House Duty, dog licenses, servants licences, etc were liable to have goods seized or be put in prison. House clearances by bailiffs were used as an opportunity to hold open-air suffrage meetings and the group was also involved in resistance to the census in 1911. The League held meetings in the premises of both the National Union for Women's Suffrage Societies and the Women's Social and Political Union, but overtures to many local organisations were refused due to opposition to the illegality of their actions. It held conferences in 1911 and 1912 and became part of the Federated Council of Women's Suffrage in 1912. At the outbreak of the First World War, an urgency committee ordered that the League's activities be suspended and a subsequent meeting of members confirmed this resolution, though the resolution was only passed by one vote. No more meetings were held until 1916 when they took part in the Consultative Committee of Constitutional Women's Suffrage Societies established by the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies in response to the government proposed changes to the national electoral register at the end of the war. A final meeting was held in 1918 after the vote was granted to women in order to officially wind up the organisation and dispose of its assets.
Margaret Stevenson Miller was born in 1896 and was educated at the University of Edinburgh. She subsequently went on to study at School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London from which she was the first student to gain a PhD in 1925. She gained a position as a lecturer in the Department of Commerce of Liverpool University where she worked until the outbreak of the Second World War. During this time, she was a member of the Six Point Group and became interested in the issues surrounding women's employment and the economic position of married women. She wrote articles on these themes for the Incorporated Secretaries' Journal in 1927 and lectured to women's groups in Liverpool throughout the 1920s. During the war she worked as a research strategist in Soviet affairs. She was at first posted to the British Foreign Office's Foreign Research and Press Service in Oxford. However, she was later seconded to the United States' Office of Strategic Studies in Washington. There, she lectured on Soviet economics at George Washington University. At the end of the war she returned to the Foreign Office's Economic Intelligence Department but soon left to spend the rest of her career as an administrative officer for the Central Electricity Authority while continuing to broadcast on economic issues. She died some time around 1979.
Constance Lytton was born in 1869, the daughter of Robert, the first Earl of Lytton and Viceroy of India, and Edith Villiers. She was educated at home, in India and then in Europe where the family returned in 1880. In the 1890s Constance Lytton's attachment to a young man of a lower social class was ended by her mother while her sister Elizabeth married Gerald Balfour. Balfour and his sisters, Frances and Emily, were deeply involved in the women's suffrage movement, and influenced their new sister-in-law, but it was not until 1909 after Lytton had made contact with Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence and Annie Kenney that she joined a suffrage group: the Women's Social and Political Union. The following year, in 1910, Lytton took part in a demonstration at the House of Commons where she was arrested. Her imprisonment was made easier, however, when her identity and her poor health were discovered and she was sent to spend her sentence in the prison infirmary. Consequently, at later demonstrations she took a false name and was arrested as Jane Warton, a London seamstress. She was sentenced to fourteen days, went on hunger strike, and was forced fed eight times until her identity was again uncovered and she was immediately released. In 1910 she was appointed a paid WSPU organiser and in 1911 she was arrested once again for breaking a post office window after the failure of the Conciliation Bill, but the trial was delayed when she suffered a heart attack in custody. She was released when the poor state of her health became clear and her fine was paid anonymously. Soon afterward Lytton suffered a stroke which left her partly paralysed. Her activities from now on were concentrated on writing propaganda for the WSPU. She published a series of pamphlets and articles and a book on her experiences and those of fellow inmates with the title, 'Prisons and Prisoners'. After the cessation of militant activity at the outbreak of the First World War, Lytton began to work with Marie Stopes in the campaign to establish birth-control clinics in Britain but spent much of her time as an invalid cared for by her family. She died in 1923.
Born, London 1788; Sir Francis Ronalds was the son of a London merchant. His father died when he was nineteen and he became responsible for the family business although Ronalds was more interested in carrying out chemical experiments which he conducted at home. 1814 he met the Swiss natural philosopher Jean-Andre De Luc who was engaged on experiments with dry piles of gilt paper and laminated zinc; Ronalds constructed a dry column of 1,000 pairs of elements to which he added a ratchet and pawl arrangement by which the pile produced rotation of a pointer round a dial. 1816 he demonstrated his electric telegraph; he offered it to the Government but it was rejected by the Admiralty. Ronalds published a booklet describing the telegraph, 1823; a single-wire telegraph operated by frictional electricity, it was practical but never tried out on a commercial scale; travelled to Europe and the Near East, 1816-1823. On a sketching tour of Sicily with Sir Frederick Henniker he realised the need for mechanical sketching instruments. Ronalds devoted himself to designing perspective instruments, 1824-1828; he took out a patent for 'Apparatus for tracing from Nature', 1825; published 'Mechanical Persepctive', 1828. Ronalds was asked to exhibit at the Polytechnic Institution in London; these exhibits indicate the scope of Ronalds' inventions: a new fore-bed carriage, a semi-transparent sundial showing mean time, perspective instruments and a fire alarm. Appointed first Honorary Director and Superintendent of the British Association's Meteorological Observatory at Kew, 1843; he improved the apparatus and methods of measurement relating to atmospheric electricity and also devised a system of applying photography to self-registration of meteorological and magnetic observations. Similar apparatus were installed in observatories at Toronto, Madrid and Oxford. In 1852 left Kew and spent a number of years abroad mainly in France and Italy, compiling a bibliography of electricity and magnetism and collecting books and pamphlets on these subjects; knighted, 1870. This honour came at the end of a protracted campaign by his friends to secure some credit for Ronalds for his pioneering work in relation to the development of the electric telegraph. Died, 1873, Battle, Sussex.
Born 1851, York, to a Quaker family. His father was a schoolmaster at Bootham School; Thompson attended his father's classes before moving on to the Flounders Institute, a training school for teachers at Ackworth, where he took the London BA degree in 1869. Appointed science master at Bootham 1870-1875; gained a scholarship to the London School of Mines and took the London BSc degree in 1875. Went to Heidelberg where he attended lectures by Robert Bunsen and Georg Hermann Quincke 1876; appointed to the Chair of Physics at University College Bristol 1876-1885. Married Jane S Henderson of Glasgow 1881; published 'Elementary Lessons in Electricity and Magnetism', 1881; selected a Member of the Society of Telegraph Engineers and Electricians 1882; published 'Dynamo-Electric Machinery: a Manual for Students of Electrotechnics' 1884; Principal and Professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering in the City and Guilds of London Technical College 1885 -1916; elected a member of the Royal Insitution 1886; delivered the Cantor Lectures to the Society of Arts on the subject of the electromagnet and electromagnetic mechanisms 1890 and again on the subject of the Arc Light 1895; honorary Vice Presidents of the Electrical Exhibition in Frankfurt 1891; elected a Fellow of the Royal Society 1891; member of the British Delegation to the Electrical Congress in Chicago 1893; first President of the Rontgen Society 1897; President of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 1899; elected to the Senate of London University 1900; gave the first Kelvin Lecture at the Institution of Electrical Engineers on the life of Lord Kelvin 1908; delivered the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures on Sound 1910-1911; honorary Vice President of the Electrotechnical Congress at Turin 1911; wrote a paper on the development of compass cards for the Proceedings of the British Academy 1914; Thompson was one of the pioneers of ocean telephony and his ideas attracted world wide attention. He is also famous for designing rotatory (now rotary ) converters. Wrote biographies of Michael Faraday and Lord Kelvin and was interested in optics, musical harmony and harmonic analysis. He was convinced of the need for the closest co-operation between science and industry. He was also a keen advocate of technical education and apprenticeship teaching at the City and Guilds of London Technical College. He was an accomplished artist and had some of his paintings exhibited at the Royal Academy. Died 13 June 1916.
Born Camden Town, London, 18 May 1850, the youngest of four sons to Thomas Heaviside and his wife Rachel West, whose sister Emma had married Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1847. Thomas Heaviside was a wood engraver and his wife was a governess and had taught the Spottiswoode family, including Sir William Spottiswoode who became President of the Royal Society. However, the family were very poor and the poverty of those early years had a lasting influence on Oliver. His education began at a girls' school run by his mother, but when this failed he was taught by Mr F R Cheshire at the Camden House School. He did not go to university but became a telegraph clerk for the Anglo Danish Telegraph Company, later the Great Northern Telegraph Company, in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1868. He retired from work due to increasing deafness in 1874. He then began work on a series of problems in telegraphy and signal transmission using experimentation, mathematics and vector analysis. He worked on James Clerk Maxwell's equations concerning the electromagnetic theory of light. He predicted the existence of an ionised reflective layer in the atmosphere which would bounce radio signals back to earth - the ionosphere - which is known as the Heaviside layer in his honour, and also predicted the existence of sub-atomic particles and the idea that the mass of an electric charge increases with its velocity. Heaviside was a difficult and eccentric man, partly caused by his deafness, who cared nothing for the opinions of other scientists, but was convinced of the correctness of his workings using mathematical notation (vector algebra) which was almost impossible to understand by his contemporaries but which forms the basis of important areas of electrical engineering theory to this day. He had long and famous disagreements with Sir William Henry Preece over the introduction of inductance to long distance communication cables to improve the transmission of signals, and with Lord Kelvin over the process by which electricity travelled down wires, leading to the production of Heaviside's transmission line equations, and over Kelvin's use of heat diffusion theory to calculate the age of the earth; however, they remained life-long friends. Heaviside moved to Paignton in Devon with his parents to live near his brother Charles and his family. His parents died in 1894 and 1896 and in 1897 Heaviside moved to Newton Abbott where he lived until 1908 when he moved in with his sister in law's sister, Miss Mary Way in Torquay. He lived there until his death on 3 February 1925. He was awarded the Faraday Medal by the IEE and was an Honorary Member of the AIEE. His published works include numerous papers and articles, Electromagnetic Waves (1889), Electrical Papers (1892) and Electromagnetic Theory (3 vols 1893-1912).
Sir William Fothergill Cooke was born in Ealing in 1806. He was educated at Durham and Edinburgh Unviersity and then served in the Indian Army 1826-1831. Resumed his studies at Paris and Heidelberg, where he saw Professor Moncke's demonstration of the electric telegraph. He returned to England and began experiments on its application to alarm systems and railway signalling in 1836. His electrical knowledge was, however, lacking and he had almost given up his ideas on the telegraph when he met Charles Wheatstone, who had the necessary scientific knowledge and skill. The two men entered into partnership and took out a joint patent for an alarm system in May 1837. Cooke persuaded the London and Birmingham Railway Company and the Great Western Railway company to sanction experiments along their lines and he and Wheatstone further developed their telegraph, Wheatstone providing the technical expertise and Cooke the business prowess and practical knowledge. The partnership was however, an uneasy one. The issue of priority of invention came to dominate their relationship and was taken to arbitration in 1841 before Sir Marc Isambard Brunel and Professor John Frederic Daniell, who decided that Cooke and Wheatstone were equally and jointly responsible for it. However, the dispute resurfaced in 1845 and in 1846 Cooke formed the Electric Telegraph Company which bought their joint patents. Cooke was knighted in 1868, and died at Farnham, Surrey on 25 June 1879.
Nursing Notes Ltd was set up in 1929 by Dame Rosalind to produce the journal Nursing Notes, more recently called Midwives, which she had begun in 1887 for nurses and midwives. She personally funded the publication and was involved in its administration and production. Other members of the Paget family subsequently became involved, notably Kathleen and Guy Paget. The offices of the journal served as the focal point for the administration of the journal, and also a Trust Fund which Dame Rosalind established in 1919. She was a trained nurse and midwife and a prominent member in the movement to raise the status of midwives and nurses, and to improve the standards in these professions. The records in this collection reflect just a part of her activities, which also included the development of the Midwives Institute, now the Royal College of Midwives, and she also helped set up the Queen's Nursing Institute. She was also an active member of the Chartered Society of Massage and Medical Gymnastics which became the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy.
Not given.
Tyler Dispensing Chemists were based in Abingdon Road, London W12.
Jaques Frederic Alexandre Schupbach was born in London on 11 July 1906, the son of Alexandre Schupbach, a Swiss working for the Credit Lyonnais in London, and Marguerite nee Ulliac, a member of a Breton family removed to Neuchatel. He was educated at Wycliffe College in Gloucestershire, a vegetarian establishment. In the 1930s he worked for various government organisations. The stages in the development of his medical interests and practice are unknown. He was a member of the Astrological Lodge, the Theosophical Society, the British Phrenological Society, the British Dowsing Society, and the Fraternite Blanche Universalle. He was a member of several orchestras in which he played the violin and the viola. He lived in Church Road, Barnes, from the 1940s to his death in June 1989. At his death, his large library of books on social psychology, occult sciences etc was dispersed: the bulk of the medical books are now in the Wellcome Library. These papers form a small selection, made virtually at random, from a vast collection of letters, notes, etc, of which the remainder were destroyed. Some of the case-notes revealed that he had treated certain patients over many years.
Sir Arthur Salusbury MacNalty, KCB, MD, FRCP, FRCS born 1880; long career in public health: Medical Inspector HM Local Government Board 1913-1919; Medical Officer and Senior Medical Officer Ministry of Health 1919-1935; Chief Medical Officer, Ministry of Health 1935-1941. Secretary of the Tuberculosis Committee of the Medical Research Council 1920-1932. Editor in Chief for the Official Medical History of the Last War since 1941. A medical historian, author of several books on history of state medicine, diseases of the central nervous system and Tudor Kings and Queens. Died 1969. There is a brief biographical note at GC/119/B.4.
KGK Syndicate was the name of the partnership between Peter Maurice Koch de Gooreynd and Arthur Kingston, under a deed of partnership dated 20 March 1934, joined by Alexander Koch Worsthone under a further deed, dated 31 December 1936. This partnership was dissolved in Febraury 1938, and in August 1944 Kingston's solicitors were disputing claims made in a BBC radio broadcast and in a special overseas edition of 'The British Optician' that Koch de Gooreynd was the inventor of the plastic optical lens manufactured by Combined Optical Industries, Ltd.
John Simons, OBE, MRCS, LRCP, JP (1900-1971) studied medicine at Guy's Hospital, London, after being invalided out of the Regular Army during the First World War. He qualified in 1925 and spent several years in the Sudan Medical Service,during which time he was Chief Medical Officer, Kordofan Province, retiring in 1931. His subsequent career as an Ear, Nose and Throat surgeon, first at the London ENT Hospital and from 1936 at Crowborough Hospital in Kent, was interrupted by distinguished service in the Second World War, with the Phantom reconnaissance unit and later as senior medical officer, 1 Tank Brigade, and Commanding Officer, 220 Field Ambulance, in North Africa, Italy and Germany. Died 1971.
Adrian Durham Stokes (1902-1972), painter and writer, was analysed by Melanie Klein for seven years during the 1930s and again for a brief period 1946-1947. He applied her psychoanalytic ideas to aesthetic theory in a number of influential works published during the 1950s and 1960s.