Jack Halpern was born in 1927 in Berlin. Because of the Nazi persecution of the Jews, his parents emigrated to Johannesburg, South Africa, where he was educated. His interest in the problems of developing countries was stimulated by two and a half years spent in Israel, where his was a member of a Kibbutz, and later joined the technical staff of a company bringing water to the Negev Desert. Returning to South Africa he became a journalist and married. After editing technical and industrial journals he became Editor and Publications Officer of the South African Institute of Race Relations. In 1960 he was appointed editor of the Central African Examiner in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, and became the Central African correspondent of the Observer, the New Statesman, Dagens Nyheter, and Politiken. In September 1963 with the Rhodesia Front in power, he and his wife were arbitrarily expelled from the disintegrating Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland by the Prime Minister, Sir Roy Welensky. After arriving in Britain Halpern served as Secretary-General of Amnesty International, 1964-1965, and, writing under his nom-de-plume of James Fairbairn, as Africa Correspondent of the New Statesman. He died on 11 May 1973.
Hambleton was President of the Polytechnic Physical Development Society.
Francis J Hambly was a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 1943-[1946], he died either in 1945 or 1946.
In 1086 Stanwell Manor was held by William fitz Other and in the time of King Edward it had belonged to Azor. The estate recorded in Domesday Book probably comprises most of the ancient parish except the manor of West Bedfont, which was already separate. In 1796 there were 539 acres copyhold of the manor, nearly all lying east of Stanwellmoor. By 1844 the lord of the manor owned Hammonds farm, Merricks farm (later known as Southern farm), and Park farm (later Stanhope farm), as well as about 84 acres around his house and a few other small areas. The manorial rights, house, and lands were separated in 1933.
Source: 'Stanwell: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 36-41 (available online).
The Hambro Synagogue was founded in 1707, situated at Church Row, Fenchurch Street, E.C. It was one of the five original synagogues which grouped together to form the United Synagogue in 1870. It amalgamated with the Great Synagogue in 1936.
The Bank originated as the London branch of the Copenhagen firm of J. C. Hambro and Son (established c 1800) and was formerly known as C. J. Hambro and Son, 1839-1920 and Hambros Bank of Northern Commerce Ltd, 1920-1921. It formerly traded from 11 King William Street, c 1839-1843, and 70 Old Broad Street, 1843-1926. It was amalgamated with the British Bank of Northern Commerce Limited in 1920.
The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.
An Anglican church has existed in Hamburg since 1612, for the benefit of the merchants and traders based there. The present church, dedicated to Saint Thomas Becket, was founded in 1838.
German Lutherans worshipped in the City of London at the Church in Austin Friars 'of the Germans and other Strangers' from 1550, and in 1672 they obtained from Charles II letters patent enabling them to build their own church, with the power to appoint ministers and hold services according to their own customs, on the site of the Holy Trinity Church (destroyed during the Great Fire), Trinity Lane. The inaugural service was held in December 1673, although baptisms were registered from 1669, and a church, rebuilt and extended in 1773, remained there until 1871. In that year it was bought and demolished by the Metropolitan Railway Company who were then building Mansion House station close by. The congregation then built a new church on a site in Alma (later Ritson) Road, Dalston, installing fittings such as the altar-piece and organ taken from the old church.
German Lutherans worshipped in the City of London at the Church in Austin Friars 'of the Germans and other Strangers' from 1550, and in 1672 they obtained from Charles II letters patent enabling them to build their own church, with the power to appoint ministers and hold services according to their own customs, on the site of the Holy Trinity Church (destroyed during the Great Fire), Trinity Lane. The inaugural service was held in December 1673, although baptisms were registered from 1669, and a church, rebuilt and extended in 1773, remained there until 1871. In that year it was bought and demolished by the Metropolitan Railway Company who were then building Mansion House station close by. The congregation then built a new church on a site in Alma (later Ritson) Road, Dalston, installing fittings such as the altar-piece and organ taken from the old church.
Wilhelm Rosenbaum was born in 1915 and was found guilty of multiple murders whilst in charge of the police training school at Bad Rabka, Poland. He received 16 life sentences at his trial in Hamburg in 1968, but was released shortly after on the grounds of ill health.
The Hamburg Amerikanische Packetfahrt Actien Gesellschaft (HAPAG) known as Hamburg-Amerika Linie, was an enterprise established in Hamburg, Germany in 1847 for shipping across the Atlantic Ocean. It was the largest shipping company in German, and at times the world's largest shipping company, serving the market created by the German immigration to the United States.
D Hamer (fl.1891-1919) was a Congregational Minister in Wales.
John Ellerton (1826-1893) was a hymn writer and editor of hymnals. He was born in London and educated at King William's College on the Isle of Man. Ellerton was ordained deacon in Chichester in 1850 and throughout his life held curacies in Eastbourne and Brighton in Sussex, Crewe Green, Shropshire, Surrey and Essex. He contributed to and edited many volumes of hymns including 'Hymns for Schools and Bible Classes' (1859) and 'Notes and Illustrations of Church Hymns' (1881). He wrote eighty-six hymns including 'The day thou gavest, Lord, has ended' which was chosen for her diamond jubilee service by Queen Victoria in 1897. He married Charlotte Alicia in 1860 with whom he had seven children. He died in 1893.
No further information available at present.
Margarete Berger-Hamerschlag studied at the Kunstgewebeschule in Vienna and then began a career as an illustrator and artist. Berger-Hamerschlag also designed costumes for the theatre. Berger-Hamerschlag fled Austria as Nazism began to take a grip on the country. She and her husband Josef Berger arrived in Britain in 1936. After the outbreak of the Second World War, Josef Berger was interned for a while in the Isle of Wight. Berger-Hamerschlag taught in local youth clubs. In 1955, Berger-Hamerschlag's diaries and drawings were published as "Journey into the Fog". She was particularly well-known for her paintings of teddy boys.
For accounts of Hamerton's life and career, see Who Was Who, Drew's Medical Officers in British Army Services, 1660-1960 Vol II, obituaries in the British Medical Journal and the Lancet.
Baldwin Hamey was born in London on 24 April 1600, the eldest son of Baldwin Hamey, the Flemish physician. He received his early education at one of the public city schools. He entered the University of Leyden as a student of philosophy in May 1617, and then went to Oxford in 1621 and studied humanities in the public library. In the winter of 1622-23 he was apprenticed to his father in London, whereupon his real medical education began. Hamey returned to Holland in the summer of 1625 and graduated MD at Leyden on 12 August 1626. His thesis, De Angina, was to be his only published work.
He returned to London and continued his apprenticeship, gaining some necessary clinical experience. He then traveled in Europe, visiting the universities of Paris, Montpelier, and Padua, before returning to Southwark to marry Anna de Pettin of Rotterdam in May 1627. Later that year they moved from his parents' house in Sydon Lane, to a house in St Clement's Lane, and Hamey began to practice under the patronage of Simeon Foxe, physician and President of the Royal College of Physicians. At this time he enjoyed many hours of leisure. He began to record the biographies of his friends and contemporaries. Hamey was incorporated MD at Oxford, 4 February 1629/30, and then admitted a Candidate of the Royal College of Physicians of London in June 1630. He became a Fellow of the College in January 1633/4.
He was generous with his wealth throughout his life, and was `a liberal benefactor to many poor but deserving scholars' (Munk's Roll, 1878, p.211). In 1634 he financed the education of one such man, John Sigismund Clewer. Hamey performed many unpaid roles within the Royal College of Physicians, and was unfailing in his attendance at College events. He was a censor on several occasions between 1640 and 1654, and registrar in 1646, and 1650-54. In 1647 he delivered the anatomical Goulstonian Lectures at the College.
During the Interregnum, 1649-60, Hamey, a royalist and faithful member of the Church of England, considered leaving London, but an attack of inflammation of the lungs prevented him. Whilst convalescing he agreed to consult a puritan soldier who, much satisfied with the service, handed Hamey a bag of gold as payment. Hamey politely refused the generous gesture, whereupon the soldier took a handful of gold coins from the bag and placed them in the physician's pocket. On Hamey's producing the coins to his surprised wife he learnt that during his illness, to avoid troubling him, she had paid that exact sum, 36 pieces of gold, to a state exaction executed by another puritan soldier. Hamey perceived the providential incident as an omen against his leaving the capital. So he remained in London, where his burgeoning practice grew to include a number of parliamentarians.
Hamey became wealthy and his generosity continued unabated. In 1651 the Royal College of Physicians' building at Amen Corner, which stood in grounds belonging to St Paul's cathedral, was in a vulnerable position. Hamey, `with a generosity which does him immortal honour', bought the property and made it over in perpetuity to the College (ibid, p.212). Remaining a faithful royalist despite his apparent neutrality, Hamey also purchased a diamond ring of Charles I bearing the royal arms, for £500, which he presented to Charles II at the Restoration in 1660. During the Interregnum Hamey had sent Charles II a number of gifts. In recognition of his services the king offered him a knighthood and the position of physician in ordinary to himself, honours which an ageing Hamey respectfully declined.
Hamey was treasurer at the Royal College of Physicians in 1664-66. He retired from his practice in 1665, the year before the Great Fire of London, after having remained in London to fight the Plague. He went to live in Chelsea. After the fire he donated a large sum of money to the rebuilding of the College, and wainscoted the dining room with carved Spanish oak (which is still preserved in the Censor's Room of the present building). In 1672 he gave the College an estate near Great Ongar in Essex. The rents arising from the lands were to pay annual sums to the physicians of St Bartholomew's Hospital, provided that the hospital accepted the nominees of the College. He also donated £100 towards the repair of St Paul's Cathedral, and contributed to the upkeep of All Hallows, Barking, where his parents were buried, of his own parish church, St Clement's, Eastcheap, and to the restoration of St Luke's, Chelsea.
Hamey died in Chelsea on 14 May 1676, aged 76. He was buried in the parish church with a simple black marble slab. A gilt inscription, with his arms, was laid years later. Hamey and his wife, who had died in 1660, had had no children. A major benefactor of his inheritance was the Royal College of Physicians, to whom he confirmed forever the bequest of his estate in Essex. His friend, Adam Littleton, lexicographer, printed his essay On the Oath of Hippocrates (1688).
Publications:
De Angina (1626)
On the Oath of Hippocrates, Adam Littleton (ed) (1688)
Publications by others about Hamey:
The Stranger's Son, John Keevil (London, 1953)
Hamhaugh Island is situated in the River Thames, near Shepperton. It is accessed by bridge. It was first used for holiday camps around 1900, from which a small community began to grow on the island and small timber shacks or bungalows were erected. In 1920 the residents bought a communal green in the centre of the island on which they held entertainments such as dances. The housing was gradually modernised.
See sub-fonds level descriptions for individual biographies.
Archibald Hamilton, younger brother of John Hamilton, served in the East India Company's ship, BOMBAY CASTLE as Fourth Mate in 1798. He was given command of a French prize LA MEDEE, which was captured off Brazil in 1800. He then succeeded his brother in the command of the BOMBAY CASTLE, 1802, and made two voyages in her to Bombay and China. His ship was one of the East India Company's China fleet under Sir Nathaniel Dance (1748-1827) when the French squadron was beaten off in 1804, off Pulo Aor, in the Straits of Malacca. A court of enquiry into charges of misconduct was held during the final voyage of the BOMBAY CASTLE. Her successor, the BOMBAY, made four voyages with Hamilton commanding between 1810 and 1820; the first two were to China and the latter two to Bombay and China.
David James Hamilton (1849-1909) was Professor of Pathology at Aberdeen University from 1882, and was elected F.R.S. in 1908. For further biographical information see the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
George Washington Isaac (1857-1931) qualified at Edinburgh in 1882, and practised in Bloomsbury, London. For further information see the BMJ, 1931, i, 681.
Thomas Webster: born in Scotland, c1772; attended Aberdeen University; trained as an architect in London; Clerk of Works at the Royal Institution, Albemarle Street, London, 1799; designed its lecture theatre, 1800; became a member of the newly-founded Geological Society, 1809; conducted geological investigations, including the Isle of Wight, 1811-1813; held various offices in the Geological Society from 1812; his publications from 1814 highlighted previously unknown aspects of British geology, including pioneering work on the stratigraphy of the Isle of Wight; an associate of G B Greenough, to whose Geological Map of England and Wales (1819) he contributed; one of the first Fellows of the Geological Society, 1825; granted a government pension of £50 a year for his services to geology; appointed first Professor of Geology at University College London, 1841; died in London Street, Fitzroy Square, London, 1844; buried in Highgate cemetery; associated with a rare British mineral, Websterite, and with various fossils. Publications include: edited John Imison's Elements of Science and Art (Cadell & Davies, London, 1808, and London, 1822); `On the fresh-water formations in the Isle of Wight, with some observations on the strata over the Chalk in the south-east part of England', Transactions of the Geological Society, ii, pp 161-254 (1814); papers for the Royal Society on the geology of the Upper Secondary and Tertiary strata of south-east England (1814-1825); with Sir Henry Charles Englefield, Description of ... the Isle of Wight (Payne and Foss, London, 1816); with Mrs William Parkes, edited Encyclopædia of Domestic Economy (London, 1844).
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Hamilton entered the Navy in 1822 and became a lieutenant in 1829. Between 1826 and 1830 he served in the CAMBRIAN in the Mediterranean and on the South American Station. From 1839 he spent four years sheep farming in Australia. He was promoted to captain on the retired list in 1856.
See sub-fonds level descriptions for individual biographies.
Hugh Hamilton was born in Ireland to Scottish parents. Like many younger sons at that time, he enlisted in the Swedish army in 1624, serving as an officer in Sweden and the Baltic until 1660. Hamilton was made a Baron in the Swedish nobility in 1654, but gave up his Swedish estate shortly after returning to Ireland in 1661, when he was granted a peerage as Baron Hamilton of Glenawly, County Fermanagh.
John Hamilton, elder brother of Archibald Hamilton, and nephew of Alexander Montgomerie, first went to sea in the service of the East India Company. He took command of the BOMBAY CASTLE for three voyages between 1795 and 1801, when the ship was managed by Alexander Montgomerie. The first two of these voyages were to Bombay and China. The destination of the third was to China direct and it was during this voyage, when the BOMBAY CASTLE was one of six East Indiamen under convoy of Captain Rowley Bulteel (fl 1780-1820) in HMS BELLIQUEUX, that three French frigates and a prize schooner were sighted off the coast of Brazil. La Medee was captured by Hamilton and by Captain Meriton (H.E.I.C.) of the Exeter and command of her was given to John's brother, Archibald Hamilton.
Born 7 February 1858 in New South Wales, brought to the United Kingdom in 1860; educated at Cheltenham Ladies' College under Dorothea Beale; studied painting and music in Germany; trained as nurse in Liverpool Infirmary; studied medicine in London, Glasgow and Brussels; LRCP and LRCS(Edinburgh); MD (Brux) 1890; practiced in Calcutta for some years; went to Afghanistan to recoup her health and became personal physician to the Amir; visited England 1895 in the retinue of his son the Shahzada Nasrullah; returned to England 1896 and did settlement work in Liverpool; practiced medicine in England until her health broke down; went to South Africa (where her brother Dundas became a farmer); became Warden of Studley College, Warwickshire (established to train women for careers in horticulture and agriculture and allied professions); was a member of the Women's Freedom League; c 1915 went to Montenegro under the auspices of the Wounded Allies Relief Committee and ran a hospital there: returned to Studley where her health became progressively poorer and died at Nice in January 1925.
Hamilton entered the Navy in 1869 and served in the Bristol in the West Indies, 1870 to 1871, and then in the Ariadne in the Mediterranean, 1872. From 1877 to 1878 he served in the Martin training brig on a cruise to the West Indies. In 1878 he joined the Liffey which sailed to Coquimbo where the crew took over the Shah. On the return voyage Hamilton thus found himself as part of the Naval Brigade in the Zulu War of 1879, for which service he was mentioned in despatches. He was also made a lieutenant in this year. He then served in the Mediterranean in the Thunderer until 1881. In 1892 he was made a commander and appointed to the Hood, 1893 to 1896, in the Mediterranean. He was promoted to captain in 1898. In 1907 he was made rear-admiral and from 1914 to 1916 was Second Sea Lord. He then became Commander-in-Chief, Rosyth, in which command he died.
George Rostrevor Hamilton was educated at Oxford University before becoming a civil servant. His first book of poems was published in 1916 and he later compiled anthologies of Greek and Latin verse for Nonesuch Press. Hamliton was a director of the Poetry Book Society and corresponded with many other literary figures of his time. He was knighted in 1951.
Born 1910; educated Royal Navy College, Dartmouth; joined Royal Navy, 1924; second in command, HMS ARDENT, 1934; qualified as Gunnery Specialist, 1936; Training Development Officer, Gunnery School, 1939-1940; on staff of Admiral Andrew Cunningham and Fleet anti aircraft Gunnery Officer, HMS WARSPITE, 1940-1942; Commander, 1943; Commander, Gunnery Division, Admiralty, 1943-1945; posted to South East Asia, 1945; British Commonwealth Occupation Force, Japan, 1946; in command, HMS ALACRITY, Far East, 1947-1948; Captain, 1949; Deputy Director, Radio Equipment, 1950-1951; in command, 5 Destroyer Squadron, 1952-1953; Director of Naval Ordnance, Admiralty, 1954-1956; in command HMS NEWFOUNDLAND, Far East and Suez, 1956-1958; Rear Admiral, 1958; Naval Secretary to First Lord of the Admiralty, 1958-1960; Vice Admiral, 1961; Flag Officer Flotillas, Home Fleet, 1960-1962; Flag Officer, Naval Air Command, 1962-1964; Commander in Chief, Mediterranean, and Commander in Chief Allied Forces, Mediterranean, 1964-1967; Admiral, 1965; retired, 1967; died, 1985.
Hamilton (known throughout his career as 'Turtle'), son of Admiral Sir Frederick Tower Hamilton, entered the Navy in 1903. After Dartmouth he served on the Mediterranean Station, 1908 to 1910, in the ALBEMARLE and the PRINCE OF WALES. Between 1910 and 1911 he was in the VANGUARD in the Channel and went in the VENUS to the Indian Durbar of 1911. He was made lieutenant in 1913, after which he went to the CUMBERLAND and took a prominent part in the Cameroons operations, 1914 to 1915. Subsequently he began a long service commanding destroyers in the Harwich Force. Between 1915 and 1916 he was in the MOORSOM and in the TAURUS from 1917 to 1918. He was appointed to the STRENUOUS, home waters, in 1921, to the QUEEN ELIZABETH, home waters, 1922 to 1924 and in 1925 to the Royal Yacht, VICTORIA AND ALBERT, becoming a commander in 1926. He next served in the destroyers WANDERER and WILD SWAN, Mediterranean and China, 1927 to 1928, returned to the Mediterranean for a short period in 1929 and was at the Admiralty from 1931 to 1932. He was promoted to captain in 1932, commanded the NORFOLK, flagship on the East Indies Station, 1935 to 1937, and was Captain of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, 1938 to 1939. Promoted to rear-admiral in 1941, he commanded the First Cruiser Squadron, Home Fleet, from 1940 to 1942, during which he was ordered to abandon the Arctic convoy PQ17. He was Flag Officer, Malta, 1943 to 1945, and then went to Australia as First Member of the Commonwealth Naval Board, 1945 to 1948. He was made an admiral in 1947 and retired in 1948.
Hamilton entered the Navy in 1843 and served in the Virago on the Mediterranean Station. From 1850 to 1851 he served in the ASSISTANCE and from 1852 to 1854 in the RESOLUTE in the Arctic expeditions searching for Sir John Franklin (q.v.). He was made a lieutenant in 1851. During the Crimean War he served in the Baltic in the DESPERATE, 1855 to 1856. After this he took part in the Second Chinese War in command of the HAUGHTY, and was promoted to commander in 1857 for his services. In 1858 he commissioned the HYDRA for service off the African coast but was sent instead to Halifax, serving on the North American and West Indies Station until 1868. During this time he was promoted to captain, 1862, and commanded the VESUVIOUS until 1864 and the SPHINX from 1865 to 1868. Hamilton then served in home waters. In 1875 he was appointed Superintendent of Pembroke Dockyard, became a rear-admiral in 1877 and in 1878 was made Director of Naval Ordnance. From 1880 to 1883 he was in command off the Irish coast. He became vice-admiral in 1884 and was Commander-in-Chief, China Station, from 1885 to 1888. He became an admiral in 1887. Hamilton was appointed Second, later First, Sea Lord, 1889 to 1891. From 1891 to 1894 he was President of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. He retired in 1895 and wrote works on naval administration and historical subjects.
Hamilton spent some years in the army before marrying an heiress. From 1764 to 1800 he was Envoy Extraordinary to the Court of Naples. His first wife died in 1782 and in 1791 he married Emma Hart, formerly his nephew's mistress, who had been living with him since 1786. The Hamiltons enjoyed considerable influence with the Neapolitan royal family and succeeded in persuading them to ally Naples with Britain against the French, although this led to the flight of the government to Sicily in 1798 and 1799. In 1800 Hamilton was recalled. He travelled home across Europe with Lady Hamilton and Nelson and eventually settled with them at Merton, where he died.
Thomas Hamilton was a surgeon in Glasgow, and was Professor of Anatomy and Botany at the University of Glasgow. He retired in 1781 and died in 1782. His son was William Hamilton.
William Hamilton was born in Glasgow, in 1758. His father was Thomas Hamilton, a surgeon, and Professor of Anatomy and Botany at Glasgow University. William Hamilton studied his MA in 1775. He then studied medicine at Edinburgh under William Cullen and Joseph Black, although returned to Glasgow early due to his father's ill health. William Hamilton continued his studies in London under William Hunter. He then returned to assist his father in his lectures, and in 1781 was nominated as his father's successor in the professorship. After the death of his father in 1782, William was left with a successful practice. He died in 1790. He had two sons, William and Thomas.
John Hunter was an anatomist and surgeon working in London until his death in 1793. Please see MS0189 for a biographical account.
William Irvine was born in Glasgow in 1743. He worked as a chemist in Scotland and was assistant to Joseph Black. He died in 1787.
William Hamilton was born at Strabane, Co Tyrone in 1758. He was eduated at Glasgow and Edinburgh from where he graduated MD 24 June 1779. He became LRCP 30 September 1786 and was elected Physician to the London Hospital 5 December 1787. He died 5 May 1807. [Source - Munk's Roll vol II p366].
H A Hammelmann was a qualified lawyer who made eighteenth century book illustration his special interest and life's work. He died in 1969.
T S R Boase (1898-1974) was Director of the Courtauld Institute of Art and Professor of History of Art, University of London, 1937-1947 and President of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1947-1968. He was also a Fellow of the British Academy, 1961, Trustee of the National Gallery, 1947-1953, and British Museum, 1950-1969 and a member of the Advisory Council of the Victoria and Albert Museum, 1947-1970.
Publications: by Hammelmann: Book Illustrators in Eighteenth-century England (Yale University Press, 1975); Hugo von Hofmannsthal (Bowes & Bowes, London, 1957). Articles: The Book Handbook, later, The Book Collector: 'English Eighteenth-century Book Illustrators' BH Vol 2 No 3, p 127 (September 1951); 'Gravelot in England' BH Vol 2 No 4, p 176 (March 1952); 'Isaac Taylor the Elder' BC Vol 1 No 1, p 14 (Spring 1952); 'Samuel Wale R.A' BC Vol 1 No 3, p 150 (Autumn 1952); 'Francis Hayman, R.A' BC Vol 2 No 2, p 116 (Summer 1953); 'Anthony Walker' BC Vol 3 No 2 (Summer 1954); 'Henry Fuseli' BC Vol 6 No 4, p 350 (Winter 1957); 'John Vanderbank' BC Vol 17 no 3 (Autumn 1968); from Country Life: 'A Master of Illustration' [Isaac Taylor] Vol CVII, p 1876 (1950); 'Engraved Title-pages of the 18th Century' Vol CVIII, p 1281 (1950); 'Old English Almanacs' Country Life Annual, p 167 (1952); 'The Art of Francis Hayman' Vol CXVI, p 1258 (1954); 'Some 18th Century Drawing-books' Vol CXVI, p 1756 (1954); 'A Neglected Artist's Sketchbook' [Philippe Jacques de Loutherbourg] Country Life Annual, p 152 (1956); 'Miniature Libraries for Children' Vol CXXII, p 1420 (1957); 'An English Baroque Illustrator' [John Sturt] Country Life Annual, p 111 (1957); 'An Illustrator of Georgian London' [Samuel Wale] Vol CXXIV, p 1333 (1958); 'Portrayer of 18th Century Cockneys' [Louis Philippe Boitard] Vol CXXVI, p 356 (1959); 'A French Master of English Illustration: Gravelot's Years in London' Vol CXXVI, p 1085 (1959); 'Bookbinder with a Noble Touch: The Comte de Caumont' Vol CXXXVI, p 1573 (1964); 'French Designer of English Ornaments: the Work of Simon Gribelin' Country Life Annual, p 29 (1964); 'German Engraver in Georgian London' [Johann Müller] Vol CXXXVIII, p 560 (1965); 'A Draughtsman in Hogarth's Shadow: The Drawings of John Vanderbank' Vol CXLI, p 32 (1967); 'First Engraver at the Royal Academy' [Thomas Major] Vol CXLII, p 616 (1967); 'Queen Victoria's Etchings' Vol CXLIII, p 878 (1968); 'A Georgian Guide to Deportment' Vol CXLIII, p 1272 (1968); 'Edward Burney's Drawings' Vol CXLIII, p 1504 (1968); 'Music-making at Home' Vol CXLIV, p 1052 (1968); 'A Venetian View of Peasant Life' Vol CXLIV, p 1198 (1968); 'Etcher with a Velvet Tone: Thomas Worlidge' Vol CXLV, p 414 (1969); 'Pioneers of Space Travel' Vol CXLVI, p 66 (1969); 'The Poet's Seasons Delineated' [Illustrators of J. Thomson's poem "The Seasons", from its first publication in 1730, onwards] Country Life Annual, p 52 (1970); from Apollo: 'Shakespeare's First Illustrators' Vol 88, suppl p 1-4 (August 1968); from The Connoisseur: 'Shakespeare Illustration: the Earliest Known Originals' Vol 141 pp 144-9 (April 1958); 'Anthony Walker: A gifted engraver and illustrator' Vol 168 pp 167-74 (July 1968); from Master Drawings: 'John Vanderbank's Don Quixote' Vol 7 No 1, pp 3-15 (Spring 1969); from the Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes: 'Two Eighteenth-century frontispieces' Vol XXXI pp 448-449 (1968).
By Boase: from the British Museum Quarterly: 'An extra-illustrated second folio of Shakespeare' Vol XX pp 4-8 (March 1955); from the Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes: 'Illustrations of Shakespeare's plays in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth centuries' Vol X pp 83-108 (1947); 'Macklin and Bowyer' Vol XXVI pp 148-77 (1963); 'Biblical Illustration in Nineteenth-century English Art' Vol XXIX pp 349-67 (1966).
The Metropolitan Railway opened from Farringdon Street to Bishop's Road (now part of Paddington Station) in 1863. It was extended to Hammersmith by the Hammersmith and City Railway, a separate company backed and operated by the Great Western Railway and the Metropolitan Railway, vested in them jointly in 1867.
The line to Hammersmith opened on 13 June 1864, with stations initially at Hammersmith, Shepherds Bush (Railway Approach) and Notting Hill (now Ladbroke Grove). The station at Hammersmith was moved 150 yards south to its present site in 1868 and was reconstructed in 1908. Shepherds Bush Station, Railway Approach, was replaced by two new stations in 1914, Shepherds Bush (Uxbridge Road) and Goldhawk Road. The Railway Approach site was taken over by Shepherds Bush Market.
The Metropolitan Railway Company was vested in the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933 which took over the management of the passenger service, although the Hammersmith and City Line remained a joint undertaking. Upon nationalization of the railways in 1948 the Hammersmith and City Railway was incorporated in the London Transport Railway System.
The Hammersmith and City Railway was constructed by the Great Western Railway, running between Hammersmith and Westbourne Park. It was soon connected to the Metropolitan Railway's underground line. In 1867 the Metropolitan Railway purchased a share in the Hammersmith and City Railway and took over operations. The railway was a branch of the Metropolitan Line until 1988, when the line was split into the Hammersmith and City Line, running services from Hammersmith to Whitechapel, and the Metropolitan Line, running from Amersham to Aldgate.
The Metropolitan Railway Company was responsible for the construction of the world's first underground passenger railway. Work began on the line in 1860, running from Paddington to King's Cross and then on to Farringdon Street. The first trial journey was held in 1862, with the line opened to the public in January 1863. The railway proved popular and extensions were constructed, the first being to Hammersmith by 1864 and Moorgate by 1865.
From 1867 the railway passenger service on the Hammersmith and City Line was administered by the Hammersmith and City Railway Joint Committee, which included members representing both the Great Western and the Metropolitan Railway Companies. This small collection reflects the arrangements made in order to run a railway passenger service on the Hammersmith and City Line.
Community Health Councils were established in England and Wales in 1974 "to represent the interests in the health service of the public in its district" (National Health Service Reorganisation Act, 1973). Often referred to as 'the patient’s voice in the NHS', each Community Health Council (CHC) served the public and patients in its local area by representing their interests to National Health Service (NHS) authorities and by monitoring the provision of health services to their communities.
CHCs were independent statutory bodies with certain legal powers. CHCs were entitled to receive information about local health services, to be consulted about changes to health service provision, and to carry out monitoring visits to NHS facilities. They also had the power to refer decisions about proposed closures of NHS facilities to the Secretary of State for Health. For this reason, CHCs were sometimes known as the ‘watchdogs’ of the NHS. The co-ordinated monitoring of waiting times in Accident and Emergency departments led to ‘Casualty Watch’ which gained national press coverage. Locally, many CHCs represented patients’ views by campaigning for improved quality of care and better access to NHS services, and by responding to local issues such as proposed hospital closures.
Each CHC had around 20 voluntary members from the local area. Half were appointed the local authority, a third were elected from voluntary bodies and the remainder were appointed by the Secretary of State for Health. Members met every month to six weeks and meetings were usually open to the general public. Guest speakers or guest attendees were often invited, particularly when a specific topic or issue was under discussion.
All CHCs employed a small number of paid office staff and some had shop-front offices, often on the high street, where members of the public could go for advice and information about local NHS services. CHCs published leaflets and guidance on a wide variety of topics from ‘how to find a GP’ to ‘how to make a complaint’.
Within the guiding principles and statutory duties of the legislation, CHCs developed organically in response to the needs of the communities they served and for this reason considerable variation can be found in the records of different CHCs.
Hammersmith and Fulham Community Health Council (CHC) began in 1974 as South Hammersmith Community Health Council. Members were appointed from the London Borough of Hammersmith and the London Borough of Hounslow as well as from voluntary organisations, the local authority and the regional health authority. The Council had a shop front office at 42 Fulham Palace Road.
South Hammersmith Community Health Council ceased to exist when Hammersmith and Fulham District Health Authority was created in the NHS Restructuring of 1982. A new CHC was formed to cover the area of Hammersmith and Fulham, named Hammersmith and Fulham CHC.
By 1889 there was a need for a synagogue to serve the growing congregation of Jews in the western area of London. The project was initiated by prominent local business and professional men and, on 2 February 1890, the foundation stone was laid at a site in Brook Green. The Hammersmith and West Kensington Synagogue, which was affiliated to the United Synagogue, was consecrated on 7 September 1890.
The building was enlarged in 1896 and again in the 1920s. The purchase of 69 and 70 Brook Green enabled the building of a communal hall, opened in 1927. Thirty years later, in 1957, new flats and a classroom block were erected on the site.
The original members came from a wide area, including Acton, Barnes, Bedford Park, Chiswick, Ealing, Hammersmith, South Kensington, West Kensington, Putney and Shepherds Bush. In the early years the synagogue flourished with various religious and social groups. However, by the late 1990s the membership had declined to such an extent that the synagogue was closed in 2001.
The Hammersmith Bridge Company was established by Act of Parliament in 1824 (before the introduction of the principle of the limited company). The Bridge, designed by William Tierney Clark (or Clarke), was completed in 1827. A second Act, amending some sections of the first, was obtained in 1828 Land was compulsorily acquired in accordance with the provisions of the Acts for making the approach roads, which included Hammersmith Bridge Road and what is now Castelnau in Barnes. A special clause in the first Act meant that whole of the Barn Elms Estate had to be purchased. Most of the surplus land in Barnes and Hammersmith was subsequently sold; but some properties were retained and let to tenants.
The Company's income came largely from tolls on users of the Bridge and the roads in Barnes. Tolls were not charged on users of Hammersmith Bridge Road. A floating steamboat pier was later built to increase profits, attached to the downstream side of the Surrey suspension pier. In 1880 the Bridge and pier were purchased by the Metropolitan Board of Works, under the terms of the Metropolis Toll Bridges Act. The Company's roads were transferred to the local authorities, its properties were sold , and it was wound up. The Bridge was at once freed from tolls and was replaced by the present bridge a few years later.
The Hammersmith Bridge Company was established by Act of Parliament in 1824 (before the introduction of the principle of the limited company). The Bridge, designed by William Tierney Clark (or Clarke), was completed in 1827. A second Act, amending some sections of the first, was obtained in 1828 Land was compulsorily acquired in accordance with the provisions of the Acts for making the approach roads, which included Hammersmith Bridge Road and what is now Castelnau in Barnes. A special clause in the first Act meant that whole of the Barn Elms Estate had to be purchased. Most of the surplus land in Barnes and Hammersmith was subsequently sold; but some properties were retained and let to tenants.
The Company's income came largely from tolls on users of the Bridge and the roads in Barnes. Tolls were not charged on users of Hammersmith Bridge Road. A floating steamboat pier was later built to increase profits, attached to the downstream side of the Surrey suspension pier. In 1880 the Bridge and pier were purchased by the Metropolitan Board of Works, under the terms of the Metropolis Toll Bridges Act. The Company's roads were transferred to the local authorities, its properties were sold , and it was wound up. The Bridge was at once freed from tolls and was replaced by the present bridge a few years later.
From 1845 to 1899 the parish of Hammersmith formed part of Fulham Poor Law Union. In 1899 a separate Board of Guardians was constituted for Hammersmith, which started to plan the construction of their own workhouse and infirmary on a site bordering Wormwood Scrubs Prison. Both opened in 1905. The infirmary was situated on the southern part of the site fronting on to Du Cane Road. The workhouse was built behind the infirmary to the north. In 1916 both the hospital and the workhouse (known as Hammersmith Institution) were taken over by the War Office for the treatment of military casualties. From February 1916 the combined hospital and institution was known as the Military Orthopaedic Hospital, Shepherd's Bush. It had beds for 800 patients and another 200 were billeted locally. In 1919 the hospital was transferred to the Ministry of Pensions, who ran it until April 1925 when it was returned to Hammersmith Board of Guardians.
Under the terms of the 1929 Local Government Act, Hammersmith Hospital and Institution were in 1930 taken over by the London County Council, who progressively merged the hospital and institution and appropriated them both for the treatment of the sick between 1930 and 1935, thus removing them from the Poor Law. With the support of the London County Council, the Royal Postgraduate Medical School opened at Hammersmith Hospital in 1935 as a School of the University of London.
In 1948 Hammersmith Hospital became part of the National Health Service as a teaching hospital with its own Board of Governors, who were also responsible for Saint Mark's Hospital and the West London Hospital. On the reorganisation of the NHS in 1974 it became part of the North Hammersmith Health District (Teaching) of Ealing, Hammersmith and Hounslow Area Health Authority. In 1982 Hammersmith Hospital was constituted a Special Health Authority and in 1984 it combined with Queen Charlotte's Hospital to become Hammersmith and Queen Charlotte's Special Health Authority. In 1990 the Hospital became part of the Hammersmith Hospital NHS Trust.
The Hammersmith Literary and Scientific Society was founded in November 1887. Meetings were held in the Vestry Hall Broadway. Its first President was Major General Goldsworth.
The Hammersmith Literary and Scientific Society was founded in November 1887. Meetings were held in the Vestry Hall Broadway. Its first President was Major General Goldsworth.
Poor relief was based on the Act for the Relief of the Poor of 1601 which obliged parishes to take care of the aged and needy in their area. Parish overseers were empowered to collect a local income tax known as the poor-rate which would be put towards the relief of the poor. This evolved into the rating system, where the amount of poor-rate charged was based on the value of a person's property. Early workhouses were constructed and managed by the parish. However, this process was expensive and various schemes were devised where groups of parishes could act together and pool their resources. As early as 1647 towns were setting up 'Corporations' of parishes. An Act of 1782, promoted by Thomas Gilbert, allowed adjacent parishes to combine into Unions and provide workhouses. These were known as 'Gilbert's Unions' and were managed by a board of Guardians.
Under the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, the Poor Law Commission was given the power to unite parishes in England and Wales into Poor Law Unions. Each Union was to be administered by a local Board of Guardians. Relief was to be provided through the provision of a workhouse. An amendment to the 1834 Act allowed already existing 'Gilbert's Unions' or Corporations of parishes to remain in existence, although they were encouraged to convert themselves into Poor Law Unions. Although there was some reorganisation of union boundaries, particularly in London, the majority of Unions created under the 1834 Act remained in operation until 1930. In March 1930 a new Local Government Bill abolished the Poor Law Unions and the Board of Guardians. Responsibility for their institutions passed to Public Assistance Committees managed by the county councils - in the metropolis either the London County Council or the Middlesex County Council.
From 1837 to 1845 Hammersmith was one of the parishes controlled by Kensington Poor Law Union. In 1845 it united with the parish of Fulham under the name of Fulham Union. In 1899 Fulham Union was dissolved and the Board of Guardians for the separate parish of Hammersmith was constituted. In 1902 the Union constructed a new workhouse on Du Cane Road, Hammersmith.
Source of information: Peter Higginbotham at The Workhouse website.
This synagogue was admitted as a Constituent member of the United Synagogue in 1890. It was situated at Brook Green and was also known as the Hammersmith and West Kensington Synagogue.
By 1889 there was a need for a synagogue to serve the growing congregation of Jews in the western area of London. The project was initiated by prominent local business and professional men and, on 2 February 1890, the foundation stone was laid at a site in Brook Green. The Hammersmith and West Kensington Synagogue, which was affiliated to the United Synagogue, was consecrated on 7 September 1890.
The building was enlarged in 1896 and again in the 1920s. The purchase of 69 and 70 Brook Green enabled the building of a communal hall, opened in 1927. Thirty years later, in 1957, new flats and a classroom block were erected on the site.
The original members came from a wide area, including Acton, Barnes, Bedford Park, Chiswick, Ealing, Hammersmith, South Kensington, West Kensington, Putney and Shepherds Bush. In the early years the synagogue flourished with various religious and social groups. However, by the late 1990s the membership had declined to such an extent that the synagogue was closed in 2001. The synagogue building is now the Chinese Church in London.
The Hammersmith Circuit was constituted in 1969 by the union of Askew Road Church and Old Oak Church, both of which had formerly belonged to the Bayswater Circuit, Munster Park Church from the Wandsworth and Fulham Circuit, and Rivercourt Church and Shepherds Bush Road Church, which had previously formed the Rivercourt and Shepherds Bush Road Circuit.