No information was available at the time of compilation.
Richard Henry Hardy, DM, MRCGP, FRSM (1921-1999) was a general practitioner in Exmouth from the 1950s to 1970s, before relocating to Hereford and working at the General Hospital Accident and Emergency Department. He retired in the mid-1980s.
Thomas Duffus Hardy was born in 1804, the son of Major Hardy, obtaining a junior clerkship in the Record Office at the Tower of London in 1819, with the assistance of Samuel Lysons. Several publications of the Record Commission were edited by him, while working at the Tower, including the Close Rolls from AD 1204-12 and The Patent Rolls for the reign of King John. Lord Langdale, Master of the Rolls, appointed him as Deputy-Keeper of the Public Record Office in 1861. During this period he was responsible for important reports on documents and a number of publications, writing a biography of Lord Langdale and editing several works for the Rolls Series of Chronicles and Memorials. The establishment of the Historical Manuscripts Commission was largely the result of Thomas's effort. The value of his work was acknowledged by a Knighthood in 1873, five years before his death.
William Hardy, the younger brother of Thomas Duffus Hardy, was born in 1807. Like Thomas he obtained a junior post in the Record Office at the Tower, until in 1830 he accepted the post of Keeper of the Records of the Duchy of Lancaster. He was also permitted to accept private work connected with antiquarian, legal and genealogical inquiries. In 1868 he was transferred to the Public Record Office as Assistant-Keeper, eventually becoming Deputy Keeper on the death of his brother in 1878. William retired in 1886, a year before his death. Other public activities included Fellowship of the Society of Antiquaries in 1839 and being placed in the Historical Manuscript Commission in 1887. He received a knighthood for his services in 1884.
William John Hardy was the second son of Sir William Hardy, being born in 1857. He was educated privately and subsequently became a legal and genealogist record searcher, working for some time in partnership with Mr W. Page at 15 Old Square, Lincoln's Inn. Experience in this profession had been gained previously by working in that capacity with his father, before the latter's appointment as Deputy-Keeper of the Public Record Office. His work involved him in numerous other activities including membership of the Council of Society of Antiquaries 1887-89, 1891-3, 1895-7, 1907, 1912; Inspector of Historical Manuscripts; editorship of Calendar of State Paper, William and Mary, and of Middlesex and Hertfordshire Notes and Queries, from 1895 to 1898 and of Home Counties Magazine from 1899 to 1904. In addition to such activities he was also responsible for several publications, such as Book Plates, 1893, Lighthouses: their History and Romance, 1895, and Documents Illustrative of Church History, 1896.
James Trenchard Hardyman was born in Madagascar in 1918. He was the son of Arnold Victor Hardyman and Laura Hardyman (née Stubbs), who both worked as missionaries in Madagascar with the London Missionary Society from 1916-1938 and 1944-1950. As a child, James was sent to England to be educated under the guardianship of the Rev. and Mrs J. H. Haile. He became a missionary with the London Missionary Society in 1945. In the same year he married Marjorie Tucker.
From 1946-1974 they lived in Imerimandroso, Madagascar. In addition to his missionary work within the Antsihanaka area Hardyman became the Principal of the Imerimandroso College, training Malagasy pastors. Following his return to England, Hardyman worked as Honorary Archivist of the Council for World Mission at Livingstone House (1974-1991) and for the Conference of British Missionary Societies (1976-1988). In this capacity he oversaw the deposit of both archives at the School of Oriental and African Studies. From 1974-1983 he also worked for the Overseas Book Service of Feed the Minds.
At the age of eleven, Hardyman was given a second-hand copy of a book on Madagascar by Haile. The book, published anonymously in the 1840s, began his collection of published and unpublished material relating to Madagascar, which was to become the largest personal collection on Madagascar in existence. Hardyman used much of the material in his thesis, for which St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford, awarded him a B.D. in 1952. He continued to collect information on the subject throughout his life. James Trenchard Hardyman died on 1 October 1995.
Born 1910; educated at Britannia Royal Naval College Dartmouth, 1924-1927; specialised in Navigation; Navigating Officer, HMS CURLEW, 1939-1940; Navigating and Signals Officer, HMS KENYA, 1940-1944; awarded OBE for General Good Service, June 1942; awarded Mention in Despatches for bravery during Malta Convoy (Operation PEDESTAL), Aug 1942; Cdr, Dec 1944; Staff Officer, (Plans) on Staff of V Adm Commanding British Naval Forces in Germany, Apr 1945; attended Staff Course and Joint Services Staff College Course, 1947-1948; Fleet Navigating Officer and Staff Officer (Operations) on the Staff of Commander in Chief, British Pacific Fleet, 1948-1949; awarded Mention in Despatches for outstanding courage and devotion to duty during the Yangtse incident, Nov 1949; Executive Officer, HMS OCEAN, 1950; Executive Officer, Royal Naval Air Station, Eglinton, Dec 1950-Dec 1952; Capt 1952; Capt of HMS VERYAN BAY and the 7th Frigate Sqn on the America and West Indies Station, 1953-1954; Chief Staff Officer (Plans) on Staff of Commander in Chief Channel and Commander in Chief Home Station, 1954-1956; served on staff of Commander Naval Forces, North Europe, 1956-1959; Deputy Director of Naval Intelligence (Organisation), 1959-1961; died 1995
Professor Richard Gilbert Hare (1907-1966) entered the Diplomatic Service in 1930 and served in the British Embassy in Paris and the Foreign Office. During the Second World War Hare worked for the Ministry of Information and became deputy director and later director of the Anglo-Soviet Relations Division. After the war he held teaching positions at various American universities until 1962 when he was appointed to the Chair of Russian Literature at SSEES. Hare wrote a number of books and many articles for specialist periodicals and the Encyclopedia Britannica. He was an expert on Russian art as well as Russian literature.
Hare was a bacteriologist of repute working through an exciting period in the history of the discipline. Among other activities he reported on the scientific value of bacteriological experiments undertaken in German concentration camps during World War Two [see PP/HAR/B.7]. He was also an historian of the subject. Born, 1899; Royal Masonic School, Bushey, Herts, 1910-1917; Birkbeck College, 1918-1919; St Mary's Hospital: LMSSA, MBBS, 1919-1924; Research scholarship, Institute of Pathology and Research, St Mary's, 1925; Assistant, Inoculation dept, St Mary's, 1926-1930; 1st Assistant, Research Laboratories, Queen Charlotte's Hospital, London, 1931-1936; Canada: Research Associate, Connaught Laboratories, University of Toronto, Lecturer in Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine; largely responsible for planning and building of Canadian Government penicillin plant at University of Toronto, 1936-1946; Professor of Bacteriology, University of London, 1946-1964; Honorary Consulting Bacteriologist, St Thomas's Hospital, 1951; Member of Council of Wright-Fleming Institute, 1952-1960; Emeritus Professor of Bacteriology, University of London, 1964; died, 1986.
The church was founded in 1648 by Rev George Cokayn. On his ejection from St Pancras Soper Lane in 1660, he moved with a number of the congregation to Redcross Street and again in 1692 to Hare Court. In 1857 the church merged with the St Paul's Congregational Church, Canonbury. It is now Harecourt United Reformed Church.
No further information available at present.
Harkness was a medical student at Cardiff, and later at University College Hospital, mostly during the latter's evacuation to Leavesdon Hospital, Watford. He studied under many distinguished medical men including Lord Rosenheim, Sir Francis Walshe, Sir Harold Himsworth, Sir George Pickering, E K Martin, and Sir Thomas Lewis.
The Harland family were based in Scarborough, North Yorkshire.
Dr. William Harland (1786?-1866) trained at Edinburgh before practising in Scarborough; he was three times Mayor of the town, a friend of the engineer George Stephenson and the designer of a steam-powered car.
His son Dr. William Aurelius Harland (1822-1858) likewise trained at Edinburgh; as a consequence of an unwise marriage to a servant girl (see MS. 7682/22-23), he left England for Hong Kong in 1846. Here he became resident surgeon of the Victoria Seamen's Hospital and studied natural history, mineralogy and Chinese medical jurisprudence, publishing extensively in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. He died of a fever in 1858, shortly before he was due to publish a study of the natural history of Hong Kong.
Another son of Dr. William Harland, Edward Harland (1831-1895) (whom the letters mention in passing), was joint founder of the Harland and Wolff ship-building firm.
"On William Aurelius Harland, collector of Hong Kong plants" by James R. Troyer, in Archives of natural history (Vol. 24, pt. 1 (Feb. 1997), pp.149-152), gives further information but gives his birth-date as 1818/19 on the basis of an error in the age given on his tombstone.
Born in Haddington, East Lothian, 1829; educated at the Haddington burgh schools, the Hill Street Institution, Edinburgh, and the University of Edinburgh; graduated MD, 1850; acted for fifteen months as house surgeon and resident physician to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary; spent two years in Paris, working in the physiological and chemical laboratories of Charles Dollfus, Verdeil, and Charles-Adolphe Wurtz; his many observations were recorded in the Chimie Anatomique, notably the recognition of iron as a constant constituent of the urine, and the observation that the cherry colour of normal human urine was due to urohaematin; worked in the physiological laboratory of the Collège de France, at first under François Magendie and then under Claude Bernard, whose publications led Harley to undertake research on the effects of stimulation of nerves on the production of sugar by the liver; during his two years in Paris, almost entirely occupied with physiological research; elected annual president of the Parisian Medical Society, 1853; spent time in Germany at the universities of Würzburg (under Rudolf Virchow), Giessen (under Justus von Liebig), Berlin, Vienna, and Heidelberg; while studying in Vienna, during the Crimean War, attempted to join the army of Omar Pasha as a civil surgeon but, travelling with an irregular passport, was arrested and narrowly escaped being shot as a spy; appointed lecturer on practical physiology and histology at University College London, 1855; also curator of the anatomical museum at University College London; started practice in Nottingham Place, 1856; elected a fellow of the Chemical Society and fellow of the College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 1858; read at the Leeds meeting of the British Association a paper showing that pure pancreatine was capable of digesting both starchy and albuminous substances; became Professor of Medical Jurisprudence at University College London, 1859; became editor of a new year-book on medicine and surgery brought out by the New Sydenham Society, aiming to keep an epitome of science applied to practical medicine, 1859; became physician to the University College Hospital, 1860; received the triennial prize of fifty guineas from the Royal College of Surgeons of England for research into the anatomy and physiology of the suprarenal bodies, 1862; elected fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, 1864; later examiner in anatomy and physiology in the Royal College of Physicians; active in the committee of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society appointed to study the subject of suspended animation by drowning, hanging, etc, with its experiments carried out in his laboratory at University College London, 1864; experiments for the Society's committee on chloroform were also carried out there, 1864; his research while studying in Robert Bunsen's laboratory at Heidelberg on the methods of gas analysis and, after his return to England, research on the chemistry of respiration, was instrumental in his election to the fellowship of the Royal Society, 1865; active in founding the British Institute of Preventive Medicine; conducted research into the action of various poisons, and was the first to demonstrate that strychnia and wourali (arrow-poison) reciprocally neutralise one another's toxic effects; corresponding member of numerous foreign scientific societies; invented a microscope which could be transformed from a monocular into a binocular or into a polarising instrument, of high or low power; tried to reform English orthography, and advocated the omission of redundant duplicated consonants from all words except personal names; died, 1896. See George Harley, FRS: the Life of a London Physician, ed Mrs Alec Tweedie (his daughter) (The Scientific Press, London, 1899). Publications include: Jaundice: its Pathology and Treatment (London, 1863); The Urine and its Derangements (London, 1872; reprinted in America and translated into French and Italian); The Simplification of English Spelling (London, 1877); A treatise on Diseases of the Liver (London, 1883; reprinted in Canada and America, and translated into German by Dr J Kraus); On sounding for gall-stones (London, 1884); Inflammations of the Liver (London, 1886); many scientific papers in various journals, most importantly on liver diseases. George T Brown's Histology (1868) was based on demonstrations given by Harley at University College London, the second edition edited by Harley himself.
George Harley was lecturer on physiology and histology at University College, London from 1855, and Professor of Medical Jurisprudence there in 1859 [see the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography].
John Pritt Harley was born in 1786, son of a London draper and silk mercer. He was apprenticed to a linen draper but began to appear in amateur theatricals. By 1806 the acting was taking precedence over other employment, and he became known as "Fat Jack" - he was very thin - and was famed for his comic singing. His first London appearance was in 1815 at the English Opera House. He had a countertenor voice and played the comic hero in many operas. He remained at Dury Lane until 1835, when he went to the St James's Theatre; but by 1838 he had returned to the Drury Lane company. In 1850 he joined Charles Kean at the Princess's Theatre. In August 1858 he was seized with paralysis on coming off stage, and died died at home two days later. He was buried at Kensal Green cemetery.
Information from: G. C. Boase, ' Harley, John Pritt (1786-1858)', rev. Katharine Cockin, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
Phillip Harman of John Street, Oxford Road, Uxbridge, was a coach maker who died in 1813. George Harman is noted as an architect involved in the construction of a local school.
The Old Brewery, High Street, Uxbridge, was established in the early eighteenth century by George Harman. It was run as "Harman and Company" by Stanislaus Ronayne Conron and Alice Fleetwood Webb until it was incorporated in 1924 as "Harman's Uxbridge Brewery Ltd".
The Old Brewery, High Street, Uxbridge, was established in the early eighteenth century by George Harman. It was run as "Harman and Company" by Stanislaus Ronayne Conron and Alice Fleetwood Webb until it was incorporated in 1924 as "Harman's Uxbridge Brewery Ltd". It acquired R Halley Ltd in 1954. The company was taken over by Courage, Barclay and Simonds in 1962; the brewery was closed in 1964 and the company went into liquidation in 1967.
Harmar, Pearson and Sons were a firm of distillers founded in 1840 and based at 6-7 Red Cross Street.
Frederic William Harmer was born on 24 April 1835 in Norwich. His father, Thomas Harmer, was a partner in the local clothes manufacturing company Harmer and Rivett. At the age of 15, Frederic joined the family firm and would eventually change the firm's name to F W Harmer and Co.
The early period of his life was focussed on business, but in 1864 he met the younger Valentine Searles Wood (1830-1884) on the Mundesley shore and began a firm friendship and geological partnership. Together they studied the Pliocene deposits, the fauna of which was then being described in the monographs of the Palaeontographical Society ('The Crag Mollusca') by Searles Wood the elder. The Drift deposits also engaged their attention, and between them the two men surveyed an area of 2000 square miles, Harmer undertaking the survey of Norfolk and Northern Suffolk. Their map, produced on a scale of 1 inch to the mile, was claimed to be the first 'drift' map of the kind.
The prolonged illness and then death of the younger Searles Wood in 1884, and his reluctance to study geology alone, saw Harmer devoting the next few years to municipal duties and politics of the day. However a disagreement over the question of Irish Home Rule, caused Harmer to return whole-heartedly to geology.
His later work concerned the Tertiary and Quaternary deposits of East Anglia and the Continent, and comparing the Pliocene sequence in Britain with that in Holland and Belgium. He devoted the last few years of his life updating the 'Monograph of the Crag Mollusca'. Harmer died on 11 April 1923.
He became a Fellow of the Geological Society in 1869, and was awarded the Murchison Medal in 1902 in recognition of his work on the Pliocene and other deposits of East Anglia.
George Julian Harney was born into a poor family in Deptford, Kent in 1817. He was heavily involved in Chartism and working class politics from early adulthood. He began writing for the Northern Star in c 1841, becoming sub-editor in 1843 and editor in 1845. Harney left Britain in 1838, moving first to Jersey and then to Boston, Massachusetts, but returned in 1888 for the last 9 years of his life.
According to the Post Office London Commercial Directory for 1935, Harold Williams, Holliday and Partners, auctioneers, surveyors and solicitors, had offices at Chancery Lane and Croydon.
No information was discovered at the time of compilation.
Born 1864; educated in Dresden, Germany, Cheltenham Ladies College, Gloucestershire, and Queen's College and Bedford College, London; travelled extensively on the continent and in the USA; member of London literary circles; actively interested in the women's' rights movement; received a civil list pension in recognition of her literary work, 1930; died 1936.
Publications: Two health-seekers in Southern California (Lippincott Co, Philadelphia, 1897) with W A Edwards; preface to Nature rambles in London (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1908); A new book of the fairies (Griffith and Farran, London, [1891]); Concerning 'Ships that pass in the night' (S.S. McClure, London, [1894]); Hilda Stafford and the Remittance Man (Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh, 1897); In varying moods (Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh, 1894); Interplay (Methuen and Co, London, 1908); Katherine Frensham: a novel (Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1903); Master Roley (F. Warne and Co, London and New York, 1889); Our warrior women (Witherby and Co, London, 1916); Out of the wreck I rise (Thomas Nelson and Sons, London, 1912); Patuffa (Hodder and Stoughton, London, [1923]); Rachel (Hodder and Stoughton, London, [1926]); Search will find it out (Mills and Boon, London, 1928); Ships that pass in the night (Lawrence and Bullen, London, 1893); Spring shall plant (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1920); The fowler (Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh, 1899); The guiding thread (Methuen and Co, London, 1916); The scholar's daughter (Methuen and Co, London, 1906); Things will take a turn (Blackie and Son, London, [1889]); Thirteen all told (Methuen and Co, London, 1921); Untold tales of the past (Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1897); Where your treasure is (Hutchinson and Co, London, 1918); Youth calling (Hodder and Stoughton, London, [1924]).
Sir David Harrel (1841-1939) entered the Royal Irish Constabulary in 1859. He became a resident magistrate in 1879. From 1883-1893 Harrel was chief commissioner of the Dublin Metropolitan Police. He was under-secretary for Ireland, 1893-1902. He later served on trade-disputes boards in England. Harrel was knighted in 1893. His publications include: "Recollections and reflections" (1926).
Harries qualified MRCS Eng, 1933; LRCP Lond, 1933, DPH Lond, 1952. He was appointed Surgeon Commander Royal Navy, 1935, and was Naval Medical Officer of Health, Singapore, in 1953. He retired in 1960.
Harris was a student in the Faculty of Science at University College London from 1886 to 1892.
David Fraser Fraser-Harris (1867-1937) was employed by the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum.
Professor of Clinical Anatomy, University College London, 1931-1934, and Professor of Anatomy at Cambridge University, 1934-1951. For further details of career see obituaries in The Lancet and British Medical Journal.
Stamp duties were first introduced in England in 1694 by an Act of Parliament (5 & 6 William and Mary c.21). It was a form of taxation, originally levied on legal documents, which required them to use stamped paper. This was soon extended to other items, and became used as a method of social control, for example through the taxation of dice to prevent gambling. The creator is possibly James Harris (English philologist, 1709-1780). Trained as a lawyer. MP for the Borough of Christ Church from 1761-1780. Elected Lord of the Admiralty in 1762 and Lord of the Treasury in 1763 (to 1765). Made Secretary and Comptroller General to the Queen in 1774. Wrote Hermes, or a philosophical inquiry concerning universal grammar (1751).
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Noel Gordon Harris, MD (1897-1963) was a psychiatrist: he was a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and biographical information is therefore available in Munk's Roll.
Sylvia Clare Harris b 1931: MA (London) 1954 with thesis An early New High German translation of the Historia trium regum by Johannes de Hildesheim edited from Pap. Man. no. 15, Stadt- und Stiftsarchiv, Aschaffenburg.
William Harris was the stepson of James Crowcher of Portsea, Hampshire, a labourer. He was apprenticed to Thomas Ellyett of Portsea, hatter, for seven years. He subsequently leased a house and workshop at 5 Upper Ashby Street, Northampton Square, Finsbury.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No information available at present.
These cards duplicate and augment the article published by Harrison in the Transactions of the Ancient Monuments Society, New Series, Vol.8 (1960), pp.53-74, under the title "The dispersion of furniture and fittings formerly belonging to the churches in the City of London."
Between 1974-1981 Brian Harrison, then of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, undertook an oral history project financed by Social Science Research Council (he later extensively used these interviews in his book Prudent Revolutionaries: Portraits of British Feminists between the Wars Oxford University Press 1987). The original aim of the project was to provide material to supplement documentary sources on the Edwardian women's suffrage movement in Britain and to make these interviews available to scholars subsequently working in the field. Interviews were conducted with surviving Edwardian women's movement campaigners, their sons, daughters, relatives and employees. During the course of the project the chronological scope was widened to include those active in the women's movement after women's enfranchisement. Thematically the scope was also widened to encompass those who were active in various women's organisations, including international and religious organisations, and to cover themes including women's employment and birth control. 205 interviews with 183 individuals were completed.
Unknown
William Harrison and John Legas became partners in an iron founding and gun founding business on 29 September 1741. They owned a number of foundries in East Sussex, and dealt largely with the Board of Ordnance at Woolwich, where Samuel Remnant was their agent. On William Harrison's death in January 1744/5, his share in the partnership passed to his executors, Samual Remnant and John Legas, as trustees for his sons Andrew and John Harrison.
Frederic Harrison, 1831-1923, was educated at Kings College, London and Wadham College, Oxford, where he was a Fellow and Tutor from 1854 to 1856. He was called to the Bar in 1858 and held the post of Professor of Jurisprudence and International Law to the Inns of Court, 1877-1889. He was also a member of the Royal Commission on Trades Unions, 1867-1869, Secretary to the Royal Commission for Digesting the Law, 1869-1870, Vice-President of the Royal Historical Society and the London Library, and an alderman of the London County Council, 1889-1893. However, Frederic Harrison is perhaps best known as the president of the English Positivist Committee, a post that he held from 1880 to 1905.
Harrisons and Crosfield (America) Incorporated was registered in 1945 to acquire the tea export trade of Irwin Harrisons and Whitney (see CLC/B/112-089; Ms 37531-40), to manufacture and sell chromium chemicals and to distribute materials and pharmaceuticals. It was wholly owned by Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112). In 1958 it was appointed exclusive sales agents in the USA of Western Copper Mills Limited. In 1960 the Seattle and San Francisco offices were taken over by Harrisons and Crosfield (Pacific) Incorporated (CLC/B/112-072).
In 1964 it acquired Fred Pusinelli and Company, rubber brokers of New York, and in 1979 Samrak Chemical Corporation and American Chrome and Chemicals Incorporated. In 1978/9 Harrisons and Crosfield (America) Incorporated became a holding company for two subsidiaries: Harcros Incorporated and Harrisons and Crosfield (Pacific) Incorporated.
For staff lists see CLC/B/112/MS37341. For historical notes on the Company see CLC/B/112/MS37392.
Harrisons and Crosfield (Borneo) Limited was registered in 1918 as a subsidiary company of Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112). It acquired the business of Messrs Darby and Company in British North Borneo. The Company exported Borneo produce including timber, rattan, copra, and imported general merchandise. It also acted as shipping and insurance agents. It had offices in Sandakan, Jesselton (Kota Kinabalu) and Labuan. Harrisons and Crosfield (Borneo) acted as managers of Sandakan Ice and Aerated Water Company Limited and Sabah Steamship Company Limited.
In 1959 Harrisons and Crosfield Limited transferred its shares in Harrisons and Crosfield (Borneo) Limited to Harrisons and Crosfield (Holdings) Limited (CLC/B/112-068), so that it could be qualified as an overseas trade corporation. From 1963 it was known as Harrisons and Crosfield (Sabah) Limited. In 1990 Harrisons and Crosfield Limited sold its holding as part of its general trading division.
For historical notes on Harrisons and Crosfield Ltd's shareholdings in the Company see CLC/B/112/MS37392. For staff lists see CLC/B/112/MS37340-1.
Harrisons and Crosfield Paterson Fraser Limited was registered in 1938 to acquire Wilson Paterson Gifford Limited and Beaver Soap and Chemicals Limited. In 1939 the name was changed to Harrisons and Crosfield (Canada) Limited. It is described as a private company in CLC/B/112/MS37392 (notes on Harrisons and Crosfield's subsidiary and associated companies).
Harrisons and Crosfield (Canada) Limited was distinct from the Canadian branches of Harrisons and Crosfield Limited. The company had a head office in Montreal and branches in Toronto, Winnipeg, Calgary, Edmonton and Vancouver.
In 1970 Harrisons and Crosfield (Canada) Limited amalgamated with Dillons Chemical Company Limited (CLC/B/112-043), and in 1988 it became part of Harcros Chemical Group.
For historical notes concerning Harrisons and Crosfield's shareholdings in the Company see CLC/B/112/MS37392. For staff lists of Harrisons and Crosfield (Canada) Limited see CLC/B/112/MS37340-2.
Harrisons and Crosfield Equipment Company Limited was registered in 1959 in Montreal, to supply equipment to industrial concerns. It was a subsidiary company of Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112). In 1968 Harrisons and Crosfield Limited disposed of its interest in the Company.
Harrisons and Crosfield (Holdings) Limited was registered in 1959 as an investment holding company. It was originally going to be called Harrisons and Crosfield (OTC) Limited. It held the entire share capital of Harrisons and Crosfield (Borneo) Limited (1960-) (CLC/B/112-066), Harrisons and Crosfield (Hong Kong) Limited (1961/2-70) (CLC/B/112-070), Technical Advisory and Service Company Limited (1963/4-70) (CLC/B/112-154) and British Chrome and Chemicals Limited (1973/4-) (CLC/B/112-027). See CLC/B/112/MS37543/1 for draft memorandum and articles of association 1958-1959.
Harrisons and Crosfield (Holland) N.V. was registered in 1951 in the Netherlands to handle exports to Indonesia and to act as general merchants. It went into voluntary liquidation in 1959.
For historical notes on Harrisons and Crosfield's shareholdings in the Company see CLC/B/112/MS37392. For staff lists see CLC/B/112/MS37340.
Harrisons and Crosfield (Hong Kong) Limited was registered in 1961 as a subsidiary company of Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112). Harrisons and Crosfield Limited's shareholding in the company was held until 1970 by Harrisons and Crosfield (Holdings) Limited (see CLC/B/112-068; Ms 37574-5), then by Harrisons and Crosfield Securities (see CLC/B/112-075; Ms 37628-31).
In 1963 Harrisons and Crosfield (Hong Kong) Limited took over the tea business of Harrisons King and Irwin Limited (CLC/B/112-083). In 1990 Harrisons and Crosfield Limited sold its holding in the company as part of its general trading division. For staff lists of Harrisons and Crosfield (Hong Kong) Limited see CLC/B/112/MS37341.
Harrisons and Crosfield Latex Limited was registered in 1947 in Malaysia with factories in Johore and Selangor for the manufacture of centrifugal or creamy latex. A number of Harrisons and Crosfield Limited and Bright and Galbraith subsidiary companies subscribed to the company. By around 1967 the name had changed to Harrisons and Crosfield Latex Sdn Bhd. In 1983 it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Harrisons Malaysian Estates Limited (CLC/B/112-079).
Daniel and Smith Harrison and Joseph Crosfield entered into partnership in January 1844 to trade as tea and coffee merchants at 6 Temple Street, Liverpool, under the style Harrisons and Crosfield. The partnership moved in July 1854 to 3 Great Tower Street, London, becoming from the 1860s one of the largest tea traders in Britain. In the 1890s the company admitted a number of new partners (Charles Heath Clark, George Croll, Arthur Lampard and Eric Miller) and changed the direction of its business. The company took on the blending and packing of teas, and imports from Ceylon were stored in a warehouse on Ceylon Wharf, Bankside in Southwark. The company was also increasingly involved in rubber and plantation estates in the mid-20th century, and acquired shareholdings, often acting as agents and secretaries, in a number of plantation companies. By the late 20th century, Harrisons and Crosfield managed nearly half a million acres of tropical crops in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Southern India, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The firm became a limited company under the style Harrisons and Crosfield Limited in May 1908.
Much of the company's interest in tea was disposed of in 1916 on the formation of Twining, Crosfield and Company Limited. As well as diversifying into rubber plantation Harrisons and Crosfield Limited had interests in timber (through its stake in British Borneo Timber Limited, later called Sabah Timber Company), and especially from the 1950s, palm oil, speciality chemicals and other estates agency work, including the related business from insurance and shipping. From the late 1960s the company again changed direction moving to consolidate its interests in a number of divisions, including the "Harcros" group of timber merchants and building suppliers, chemicals, animal feeds and other agricultural products. Most of the interests Harrisons and Crosfield had in individual plantation companies were merged into larger companies (e.g. London Sumatra Plantations) in the 1960s and afterwards, and those companies have subsequently been sold. The firm became a public limited company in 1982. In late 1997 the firm started the disposal of all its timber and building supplies and food and agriculture divisions, to concentrate on speciality chemicals. From January 1998 the firm has been known as Elementis Plc.
Harrisons and Crosfield established branches in the following places:
AFRICA: Nairobi branch opened in 1962/3, becoming part of Phillips, Harrisons and Crosfield from 1965 (see Ms 38092-4).
AUSTRALIA: Offices opened in 1910 in Melbourne. From 1914 Harrisons and Crosfield operated under the style Harrisons Ramsay Proprietary, with further branches in Sydney and other places (see Ms 37842-92).
BELGIUM: Office opened in Brussels in 1963 (see Ms 37090).
BORNEO: The company operated through a subsidiary company Harrisons and Crosfield (Borneo) Ltd, registered 1918 in Sandakan (Ms 37541-61). See also records of Sabah Timber Company Ltd (Ms 38103-78).
CANADA: Harrisons and Crosfield operated through offices at Montreal (opened 1905), Toronto (c 1940) and Vancouver (c 1947) (Ms 37199-207), and through a subsidiary company Harrisons and Crosfield (Canada) Ltd (Ms 37562-9). See also the records of Dillons Chemical Co (Ms 37570-1).
CHINA: Office opened in Shanghai in 1908 under the style Westphal, King and Ramsay, and from 1918 as Harrisons, King and Irwin (Ms 37642-52). See also the records of Tait and Co which operated in Taiwan (Ms 38195-204).
HOLLAND: The company operated under the style Harrisons and Crosfield (Holland) N.V., 1951-9 (Ms 37576-80).
HONG KONG: Harrisons and Crosfield operated under the style Harrisons, King and Irwin from 1946 (Ms 37642-52), and from 1963 as Harrisons and Crosfield (Hong Kong) Ltd (Ms 37581-6).
INDIA: Branch office opened in Calcutta in 1900 (under the style Lampard, Clark and Co, Ms 37914-25), and Quilon in 1911, with other offices at Calicut and Cochin (Ms 37208-50). See also the records of Davenport and Co (Ms 37462-8).
INDONESIA: Branches opened in Medan and Batavia (Jakarta) in 1910, with sub-offices at Bandoeng (Bandung) from ca. 1916, and Sourabaya (Surabaya) from c 1921 (Ms 37251-82).
JAPAN: Branch office in Kobe opened in 1917 (Ms 37283). See also the records of Jarmain, Davis and Co (Ms 37900-1).
MALAYA: Office opened in Kuala Lumpur in 1907 under the style Crosfield, Lampard and Co (Ms 37447-55). From 1921 see the records of Harrisons and Crosfield (Malaya), which also had branches at Singapore and Penang (Ms 37587-627).
NEW ZEALAND: Wellington branch opened in 1910, and from 1914 Harrisons and Crosfield operated in New Zealand under the style Harrisons Ramsay Proprietary Ltd (Ms 37842-92).
SRI LANKA: Colombo branch opened in 1895 under the style Crosfield, Lampard and Co (Ms 37447-55). See also the records of Harrisons Lister Engineering Ltd (Ms 37653-76) and Harrisons and Eastern Export Ltd (Ms 37635-41). From 1908/9 see also the records of Harrisons and Crosfield's Colombo branch (Ms 37284-309).
SWITZERLAND: Office opened in 1962 in Lausanne (Ms 37090).
TAIWAN: See records of Tait and Co (Ms 38195-204).
UNITED STATES: New York branch opened in 1904 under the style Crosfield, Lampard, Clark and Co (Ms 37456-61), from 1908 as Irwin Harrisons and Crosfield Inc, with branches in Philadelphia, Chicago and other places.
Harrisons and Crosfield also operated through a subsidiary company Harrisons and Crosfield (America) Inc of New York (Ms 37523-9). See also Harrisons and Crosfield (Pacific) Inc (Ms 37530)
Harrisons and Crosfield were appointed as secretaries and/or agents to almost all of the plantation companies in which it had a shareholding. The secretarial function was performed in London and included the provision of full management support to the boards of individual plantation companies and the administration of share registers. The overseas branches of Harrisons and Crosfield (eg Harrisons and Crosfield (Malaya) Limited) acted as agents.
Offices in Chicago and New York (and Montreal) were opened in 1904 under the style Crosfield, Lampard, Clark and Company (see CLC/B/112/MS37456-61). The company was merged into Harrisons and Crosfield in 1908 and the offices were run as H and C branches. In 1914 the subsidiary company Irwin Harrisons and Whitney Inc (CLC/B/112-089) was formed from the merger of the New York branch and the business of A P Irwin and Company (see CLC/B/112/MS37531-40). Harrisons and Crosfield also operated in the United States through the subsidiary company Harrisons and Crosfield (America) Inc of New York (See CLC/B/112-065; MS37523-30).