Archibald Gilpin qualified in medicine at King's College Medical School. In 1931 he was awarded the Ferrier Prize. In 1933 he had a travelling scholarship to study renal pathology under L Aschoff in Freiburg. In 1935 he was appointed junior physician, morbid anatomist, and curator of the museum at King's College Hospital. He held the post of Harveian Librarian at the Royal College of Physicians, and was archivist to the Society of Apothecaries. For further biographical details see Munk's Roll Vol V, pp.151-152.
For biographical information on Professor Chibnall, see Who's Who. These interviews contain further information on his life and career.
Dr Lawrence Dulake FRCS, LRCP, FRCGP (1901-1987) was a general practitioner in Reigate, Surrey.
Julian Tudor Hart DCH, FRCGP, FRCP (b 1927) was a general practitioner in Swansea.
Horfield Health Centre is in Bristol.
Dr Geoffrey Hale (b 1905) was a general practitioner in Pimlico, London, during the years 1933-1970.
Dr Francis Blacklay MA, MB, BChir, FRCGP (b 1919) was a general practitioner in Nantwich, Cheshire.
The interviews were conducted by Dr Michael Bevan of the Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, Oxford, Jul 1996.
Horder qualified MB 1898, MD 1899. After holding house appointments at St Bartholomew's Hospital and the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, he was appointed to the honorary staff of the Great Northern Hospital in 1900 and the Cancer Hospital, Fulham, in 1906. In 1912 he became a consultant at St Bartholomew's and remained there until his retirement in 1936 (Senior Physician 1933-1936). He was attached in a consulting capacity to the Royal Northern Hospital, the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, the Royal Cancer Hospital and several hospitals outside London. During the First World War he was Captain, RAMC, attached to 1st London General Hospital. He was knighted in 1918 and made a baronet in 1926 and a baron in 1933.
He was appointed honorary consultant to the Ministry of Pensions in 1939 and medical advisor to London Transport in 1940 and to Lord Woolton at the Ministry of Food in 1941. He was president of the Eugenics Society from 1935 until his death, chairman of the Empire Rheumatism Council 1936-1953, and chairman of the scientific advisory committee of the British Empire Cancer Campaign (BECC) and later of its grand council, as well as being involved in many other bodies as diverse as the Family Planning Association (FPA) and the Noise Abatement Society. Further details can be found in obituaries and appreciations in file GP/31/A.3, and in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Dr Milne-Redhead entered medical education after a period in banking and working at rubber-planting in Malaya. After graduating from Edinburgh in 1937 he held various house appointments and then saw war service in the North of England. An account of his work with ambulance trains during the Second World War has been placed in the Imperial War Museum. When the war was over he returned to Scotland and entered general practice at Mainsriddle in 1947, where he served the scattered community for 27 years. He had a keen interest in local wildlife, contributed to the Botanical Society's botanical map of the British Isles, and was a member of the Wildlife Trust of Scotland.
Born, 1736; educated at Aberdeen and Edinburgh; moved to London, where he began to lecture on chemistry and medical subjects; physician at St Thomas's Hospital; died, 1802.
C P Galtier was Professeur de Toxicologie à la Faculté de Médecine à Paris in 1839-1840.
Dr Hull was appointed assistant physician to the Norwich Hospital in 1828, and physician in 1840: he resigned in 1854.
Materials created during an oral history project on the workhouse.
[Malcolm Flemyng, M.D.; his lectures were published in the form of a text-book An Introduction to Physiology, London 1759.] Flemyng, who was a pupil of Boerhaave and Monro Primus, taught physiology in London in 1751-1752. (He died in 1764.)
William Cullen was born,1710; educated Hamilton Grammar School and the University of Glasgow; medical apprenticeship, Glasgow; service as a ship's surgeon; assistant to an apothecary, London; medical practice near Shotts in Lanarkshire, 1732-1734; practised in Hamilton, 1736-1744; graduating MD, Glasgow, 1740; moved to Glasgow continuing in private practice and lecturing semi-officially on medicine for the University of Glasgow, 1744; Lectureship in Chemistry in Glasgow, 1747; Chair of Medicine, 1751; lectured on chemistry and medicine and continued with his practice, 1747-1755; in 1755 he was appointed conjoint Professor with Plummer in Edinburgh with the succession on Plummer's death which occurred in 1756 and Cullen held the Chair until 1766; Professor of the Institutes of Medicine (Physiology) and of the Practice of Medicine, Edinburgh; retired, 1789; died, 1790.
Edward Low, son of Edward Low, a farmer, entered Trinity College Dublin in 1754, and took his BA degree in 1759. He proceeded to the study of medicine at Edinburgh, but did not graduate there.
George Macartney (1737-1806), 1st Earl Macartney, was Governor and President of Fort St George, Madras, 1780-1786.
William Roxburgh was born 1751 and died 1815. His `Flora Indica' or description of Indian plants was his most important work.
Alfred Bowyer Barton was born at Bungay, Suffolk, in 1825, and entered University College, London, in 1844. After qualifying in 1847 he joined the West India Mail Steamship Service and worked through the yellow fever epidemic in the West Indies in 1848. In 1853 he was in the Peninsular and Oriental Company's service as a medical officer and worked in the East until 1855. He then went to the Crimea where he was in charge of the transport of the sick and wounded from Balaclava to Scutari. At the end of the war he sailed for India, and on the way was shipwrecked along with Sir Henry Havelock, then on his way to command the forces suppressing the Mutiny. Barton next saw service in the China war of 1860, and afterwards practised for a time in Shanghai. In 1861 he joined Captain Blakiston and Colonel Sarel in an exploration of the Yangtsze-Kiang River, then an almost unknown river above Hankow. The party reached Pingshan on the Tibet border but were forced to return by the rebels. For their work each of them received the gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society. After his return to England Barton took the MD degree of the University of St Andrews (1866), and the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, by examination (1865). He lived in retirement in Brechin Place, South Kensington, until his death on July 4th, 1905. Further biographical information can be found in A Doctor Remembers by Dr Edwin Alfred Barton, son of A B Barton (London: Seeley, Service & Co Ltd, c.1950). See also 'Notes on the Yangtsze-kiang' by A B Barton, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 1862.
Bisset, Charles (1717-1791), physician and military engineer. Lived in the area of Skelton, Cleveland, North Riding of Yorkshire, 1753-1781.
Unknown
Bateman's work was written to illustrate the Description and treatment of cutaneous diseases, 1798-1808, by Robert William (1757-1812).
Edward Jenner was born, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, 1749; educated at private schools at Wootton-under-Edge and Cirencester; apprenticed to Daniel Ludlow of Sodbury, a surgeon; pupil-resident in the house of John Hunter, 1770-1772; employed by Sir Joseph Banks to prepare specimens from Captain Cook's voyage; studied at St George's Hospital; practiced at Berkeley, 1773; continued to correspond with John Hunter on many subjects; member of medical societies at Rodborough and Alveston, reading papers on medical subjects and natural history; Fellow, Royal Society, 1788; MD, University of St Andrew's, 1792; continued his investigations into cow pox and small pox; vaccinated a boy James Phipps with cow pox and then small pox, who contracted cow pox but not small pox, 1796; published An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolæ vaccinæ, a disease discovered in some of the Western Counties of England ... known by the name of the cow pox, 1798; sent cow pox material throughout England and abroad for vaccinations; vaccinated nearly 200 people at Petworth, Sussex, 1800; granted £10,000 by Parliament in recognition of his work, 1802; Royal Jennerian Society established to promote spread of vaccination in London, 1802; replaced by the National Vaccine Establishment, 1808; continued to work and publish on vaccination; died, 1823, Berkeley, Gloucestershire.
Publications include: Cursory observations on Emetic Tartar [1780?]; An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolæ vaccinæ, a disease discovered in some of the Western Counties of England ... known by the name of the cow pox (Printed for the author: London, 1798); Further observations on the Variolæ Vaccinæ or Cow Pox (London, 1799); A comparative Statement of facts and observations relative to the cow-pox with Dr Woodville (London, 1800); The origin of the Vaccine Inoculation (London, 1801); On the varieties and modifications of the vaccine pustule, occasioned by an herpetic state of the skin (Cheltenham, 1806; Gloucester reprinted, 1819); Facts for the most part unobserved, or not duly noticed, respecting variolous contagion (London, 1808); Letter from E. J. to W. Dillwyn on the effects of vaccination, in preserving from the small-pox. To which are added sundry documents relating to vaccination, etc (Philadelphia, 1818); A letter to C. H. Parry, M.D., ... on the influence of Artificial Eruptions in certain diseases. ... With an inquiry respecting the probable advantages to be derived from further experiments (London, 1822); The Note-Book of Edward Jenner in the possession of the Royal College of Physicians of London (Oxford University Press, London, 1931).
Professor Raphaël Blanchard obtained his MD in Paris in 1880, and was elected Member of the Académie de Médecine in 1894. He was the pioneer in the study of Parasitology in France, and 1885-1889 published his Traité de Zoologie médicale which became a standard work. He was the founder of the Société zoologique de France (1876) and of the Société d'Histoire de la Médecine in 1902.
Marie Anne Victoire Gillain Boivin (1776-1841) worked at the Hospice de la Maternité in Paris and published the Atlas des maladies de l'utérus, Paris, 1833.
Eldest son of Martin Folkes, a solicitor, and Dorothy his wife; attended University of Saumur, France; entered Clare Hall Cambridge to study mathematics, 1706; matriculated, 1709; MA, 1717; interested in coins; Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, 1719; lost Presidency of Royal Society to Sir Hans Sloane, 1727; succeeded to the Presidency following Sloane's retirement, 1741; under his Presidency the Society's meetings became very 'literary', and the Society lost much of its professional character; Folkes's papers to the Philosophical Transactions concentrated on astronomy; despite the criticisms, Folkes was elected to the 'Academie des Sciences' in succession to Edmund Halley, 1742; following his publication Table of English Gold Coins published at his own expense, his Table of Silver Coins from the Conquest was published by the Society of Antiquaries, 1744; the Tables were much consulted by antiquaries; President of the Society of Antiquaries from 1750 until his death; his communications were on Roman antiquities and coins; when his health failed, he resigned from his office at the Royal Society; died, 1754.
Fleetwood Buckle was born in 1841. He trained in medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London; he passed as L.S.A., L.R.C.P. and M.D. (St. Andrews) in 1862 and M.R.C.S. in 1863. He entered the Royal Navy in 1863 and served in various stations: in West Africa; in the Dardanelles during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878; in South America, where in 1880 he received the thanks of the Chilean government for tending wounded from the battles around Lima in the war between Chile and Peru, and in 1881 was formally thanked by the Panama Canal Company for his work during a yellow fever epidemic; in China; and in the Eastern Sudan. He attained the rank of Fleet Surgeon in 1886. He died in 1917.
Pierre Chirac was the most celebrated physician of his day; he obtained his MD at Montpellier in 1683, and by 1687 was Professor of Medicine. He was elected a Member of the Académie des Sciences in 1716, became head of the Jardin du Roi in 1718, and physician to Louis XV in 1731.
Nicolaus Cirillus was a Neapolitan physician was a pupil of Tozzi whom he succeeded as Professor of Medicine and Philosophy at Naples University in 1705. In 1717 be became first Professor of Medicine, a post he retained until his death. In 1718 he was elected FRS He created a botanical garden at Naples, and was an advocate of simple remedies and the use of cold water.
The Duc de Clermont-Tonnerre, as he became in 1815, served under Napoleon after attending courses at the Polytechnique. He was head of the Ministère de la Marine from 1821 to 1824, and then of the Ministère de la Guerre until 1828. He retired from public life in 1830, after Louis Philippe had become King of France.
Joseph Thomas Clover was born at Aylsham, Norfolk in 1825. After leaving Grey Friars Priory School he worked as an apprentice to a surgeon, and became a dresser at the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital in 1842. In 1844 he entered University College Hospital as Physician's Assistant and House Surgeon to Thomas Morton and James Syme. In August 1848 he was appointed Resident Medical Officer. He may have been present at the first major operation in England to use an anaesthetic, when, in December 1846, Robert Liston amputated a patient's thigh using open ether. Clover spent the rest of his life studying and experimenting with the administration of anaesthetics, inventing several pieces of equipment for this purpose. He became a lecturer in anaesthetics at University College Hospital and an administrator of anasethetics at the Dental Hospital, positions he held at the time of his death on 27 September 1882. He was survived by his wife, Mary Anne (neé Hall) and four children.
Sir Zachary Cope obtained his M.D. in London in 1907, and was elected FRCS Eng in 1909. He served with the RAMC in Mesopotamia 1916-1918, and was consulting surgeon to St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington. Among other works he wrote a History of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, published in 1959.
Born, Hamilton, Lanarkshire, 1710; educated, Glasgow University, and became pupil of a physician; surgeon to a merchant ship, 1729; apothecary's assistant, London; practised at Auchinlee, near Hamilton, 1731-1732; student, Edinburgh Medical School, 1734-1736; practised as a surgeon in Hamilton, 1736-1744; Chief Magistrate of Hamilton, 1739-1740; graduated MD, Glasgow, 1740; practised in Glasgow, 1744-; founded a medical school, lecturing on medicine and several other subjects; made some discoveries on the evolution of heat in chemical combinations and the cooling of solutions; Professor of Medicine, Glasgow University, 1751; joint Professor of Chemistry, Edinburgh University; began to give clinical lectures in the infirmary, 1757; delivered a course of lectures on materia medica, continuing his chemistry course, 1760-1761; Professor of the 'Institutes' or theory of physic, Edinburgh University, 1766-1773; lectured in alternate years on the theory and the practice of medicine with John Gregory; Professor of the Practice of Physic, Edinburgh University, 1773-1789; President, Edinburgh College of Physicians, 1773-1775; helped prepare the new edition of the 'Edinburgh Pharmacopeia', 1774; foreign associate of the Royal Society of Medicine at Paris, 1776; Fellow, Royal Society of London, 1777; died, 1790.
Charles Firmin Cuthbert qualified MRCS in 1879 and practised in Gloucester where he was senior surgeon of the Children's Hospital. In 1911-1912 he was sheriff of his native city.
John Bernard Davey was born in 1875 and trained at Middlesex Hospital and University College London, graduating M.B. in 1900. He was Principal Medical Officer in Tanganyika from 1902 to 1919 and again from 1940 to 1942. He died in 1967.
Frederick Gardiner was an eminent dermatologist who obtained his M.D. at Edinburgh in 1902, and became physician to the Royal Infirmary there. He was afterwards Professor of Dermatology. For further biographical information see the B.M.J. 1933, ii, p. 548.
Giberti received his Doctorate in Medicine at Avignon in 1690, and, after a stay in Paris, returned to his native town of Pernes in 1695 where he remained for the rest of his long life.
David James Hamilton (1849-1909) was Professor of Pathology at Aberdeen University from 1882, and was elected F.R.S. in 1908. For further biographical information see the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
George Washington Isaac (1857-1931) qualified at Edinburgh in 1882, and practised in Bloomsbury, London. For further information see the BMJ, 1931, i, 681.
George Harley was lecturer on physiology and histology at University College, London from 1855, and Professor of Medical Jurisprudence there in 1859 [see the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography].
Not known at present.
Unknown.