During World War II the fort at Breendonk, Belgium was briefly used as the General Headquarters of King Leopold III, leading the Belgian armed forces. After his surrender to the Germans it was transformed into a concentration camp by the Nazis (primarily as a transit camp for transport to Auschwitz). It gained a grim reputation as a place of torture and interrogation of a wide variety of prisoners.
After qualifying at Cambridge, Heald served in the Navy as a Temporary Surgeon, 1914 to 1915. He was in the ROHILLA, hospital ship, which was wrecked in 1914, and then the CONQUEROR. He was subsequently Principal Medical Officer, RAF, Middle East, and Medical Adviser, Department of Civil Aviation, Air Ministry. Dr Heald was Consulting Physician to the Royal Free Hospital and Consulting Physician, Rheumatic Diseases at the Middlesex Hospital.
The organisation now known as the Health Visitors' Association was founded in 1896 as Women Sanitary Inspectors' Association; renamed in 1915 as the Women Sanitary Inspectors' and Health Visitors' Association and in 1930 became the Women Public Health Officers' Association. The name Health Visitors' Association was adopted in 1962.
The Women Sanitary Inspectors' Association was founded in 1896 by seven women sanitary workers, all based in London. By 1906 the membership had risen to sixty-three and that year invitations to join the Association were sent out to those working in the provinces. The main aims of the Association have remained constant throughout its history - to safeguard the interests and improve the status of women public health workers and to promote the interchange of relevant technical and professional knowledge. In 1915 the name of the Association was changed to The Women Sanitary Inspectors' and Health Visitors' Association to reflect the increased number of Health Visitors who had joined, and in 1929 it became The Women Public Health Officers' Association due to the inclusion in the membership of others working in the public health field. In 1962 it adopted the new name of The Health Visitors' Association as this was seen as more indicative of the work and function of most members, although other types of workers were not excluded.
Throughout its history the Association has been interested in the work of the many different types of health worker who have been eligible for membership at one time or another such as school nurses, tuberculosis visitors, sanitary inspectors, clinic nurses, family planning nurses, domiciliary midwives and matrons of day nurseries as well as health visitors themselves, and has shared connections with parallel professions such as nursing, social work, district nursing and midwifery. In 1918 the Association affiliated to the National Union of Women Workers and in 1924 was the first health service union to affiliate to the Trades Union Congress and has actively negotiated and campaigned on a variety of issues such as pay and conditions, state welfare benefits, training, etc.
The early emphasis of health visiting was on mother and child care, as part of the tide of concern over infant mortality during the late 19th and early 20th century, but later, particularly after the National Health Service Acts of 1946-7, their work extended into involvement with the health of the whole family and other groups such as those needing after-care following admission to hospital, those with long term illness, the recently bereaved, and families with social problems, although the emphasis throughout has remained on public health education. Because of this, and the varied settings in which its members have worked at different times over the years, such as the home and school, workshop and factory, as well as the health centre, clinic and hospital, the records of the Association, and of the individual health visitors which lie alongside them, document many social, rather than purely medical, aspects of health and disease in a wide range of areas ranging from the working conditions of outworkers and the recovery of the tuberculous at the beginning of the century, to, more recently, concern over cigarette advertising and the public health implications of the chemical and nuclear industries.
Anthony Heap, was born on 13 March 1910 and lived all his life in Holborn and St Pancras. From the late 1920s he was a regular 'first-nighter' in London theatres, extending his interest to the cinema and later television and opera. A large part of his diaries consists of his reviews of performances which towards the end of his life diverge increasingly from the judgements of professional critics. In the 1950s he began to note and review books he read. He was never employed as a professional critic but from 1969 to 1980 wrote reviews, as he says copied from his diary, for the National Association of Local Government Officers 'house' magazine, known for part of that time as Public Eye.
From 1932 to 1980 he reviewed each year at its end. His life, though full, appears from the diaries to have declined from the expectations of youth into the sadness of later life. We know from references in later diaries that he attended Mrs Kemp's School in Great Ormond Street and St Clement Danes School in Holborn. When he began keeping the diaries he was living with his parents at 139 Grays Inn Road, taking evening and correspondence courses and active in the Holborn Rovers (where he soon became acquainted with Ralph Reader). He was already working for Peter Robinson's. He was also already a frequent theatre-goer although the diaries do not contain reviews until 1931.
In 1932 he moved house twice with his mother, his parents having parted, although previous diaries give no indication of family problems. The following year his father killed himself. In 1934 he and his mother moved again. Later that year his mother was found to be suffering from cancer although she appears to have been cured or to have suffered a lengthy remission. His grandmother, whom he had visited regularly, died. In 1937 they moved again to the block of flats his mother was to live in until her death.
Although he was not accepted for military service and neither he nor his family according to the diary sustained any losses during the war, the war years were eventful for the diarist. He was not at all a jingoist, and the general tone of the diaries of the first few years is of defeatism, a preference for Germany rather than 'lefties', hostility to Churchill. In the 1930s he had admired fascism and for several years belonged to British Union of Facists, having in the late 1920s examined Moral Re-armament; in 1937 he joined the local Conservative Association (his mother was for many years a supporter). After the war he appears to have been more active in the National Association of Local Government Officers than in local or national politics. It was his son whose interest in the Young Conservatives is chronicled in the diaries 1967-1970. The diarist's own post-war political loyalties fluctuated.
After 13 and a half years he was dismissed from Peter Robinson in July 1940 but before the end of the year joined St Pancras Borough Council and stayed there until the end of his working life. He had wanted to leave Peter Robinson for most of the period covered by the diaries.
The diary for the end of 1940, with references to the blitz and life in the shelters and to 'sight-seeing in the raid devastation areas' (the diary for 1936 recorded his irritation at not having seen the fire at Crystal Palace), recorded the end of a friendship with a married woman who for some time had attempted to leave her husband, taking her children, and perhaps live with the diarist. The beginning of the friendship is not recorded but the affair seems to have been more serious than the two previous female friendships he recorded in 1932 and 1933. But in 1941 the diarist married Marjorie Heatley and moved to another flat. The marriage began happily, although there were some doubts after a year or so, but the birth of their only child Anthony in February 1949, after years of indecision about having a family, brought them both great happiness. Hence-forward the diaries are filled with the father's love of and pride in his son.
Unhappily in 1953 came the first entries recording Mrs Heap's mental illness which was to recur with increasing intensity to the end of her husband's life. She spent some years in hospital and from 1970 attended daily clinics. The diaries record only the climaxes of each bout but the strain of the daily pressure on the diarist becomes apparent in his increasing gloom, increased as his son grows up and moves to his own flat in 1971.
In 1956 the diarist purchased a television set and began to include reviews of programmes, usually plays, in his diaries. In 1958 he was sadly grieved by the death of his mother and in 1959 by the death of his 'Aunt Pop' who had emigrated to America when he was a boy and who was a regular correspondent.
From now on the regularity and strain of the diarist's life was broken by holidays with his son, first in England and then abroad, followed by holidays taken on his own (including one in 1971 which brought him a platonic friendship with a married woman which he felt unable to sustain for more than a few months). After 1974 the holidays became day trips. He arranged fairly regular meetings with old friends though not always with happy results.
In 1975 he retired from Camden Council and took up part-time work with a friend, work he continued until his death. He began to visit the Old Bailey (and watched part of the trial of the Balcombe Street IRA terrorists in 1977) and the British Library's Newspaper Library at Colindale to try to recapture the spirit of the 1930s.
In 1985 the diarist died, having previously aranged for the disposal of his diaries, his Rover log-books and his collection of theatre programmes. He continued throughout his life to visit the theatre and cinema despite times of financial stringency and of personal unhappiness. He felt himself increasingly out of step with the times and deplored innovations from the Beveridge Report to the Beeching Plan, but the diaries record clearly one man's response to post-war London.
Born in Birmingham, 31 July 1869; educated at Walsall and Manchester Grammar Schools, London University (MA), Peterhouse at Cambridge University (Historical Scholar, MA, LLM), Dublin University (LLD), Cambridge (LittD); External Examiner in History in London University 1909-1913, Durham University 1912-1913, Manchester University 1914-1917, Bristol University 1921, University of Wales 1930; Professor of History at University College, Southampton, 1900-1910; Professor of Modern History in the Armstrong College of the University of Durham, 1910-1912; Professor of Medieval History at King's College London, 1912-1934; Honorary Secretary of the Royal Historical Society, 1931-1934; President of the Historical Association, 1936-1938; Fellow of King's College London, 1926; wrote The centenary history of King's College London, 1828-1928 (G G Harrap & Co, London, 1929); died 10 March 1946.
Publications: Editor of Relics of old Southampton (H M Gilbert & Son, Southampton, 1904); editor and transcriber of Court Leet Records A D 1550 [etc] with D M Hearnshaw (1905 etc); editor of On the proposals for peace with the Regicide Directory of France: letter I (W B Clive, London, 1906); Leet Jurisdiction in England, especially as illustrated by the records of the Court Leet of Southampton (1908); The life of Sir Henry Vane the Younger, Puritan Idealist (1910); A short history of Southampton, in two parts, part I: The story of Southampton in relation to the history of England (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1910); Legal literature [of the age of Dryden] (1912); England in the making (1913); editor of King's College lectures on Colonial problems (G Bell & Sons, London, 1913); Court and Parliament, 1588 to 1688 (1913); A first book of English history (1914); Freedom I Service: six essays on matters concerning Britain's safety and good government (John Murray, London, 1916); Main currents of European history, 1815-1915 (Macmillan & Co, London, 1917); Democracy at the crossways: a study in politics and history with special reference to Great Britain (Macmillan & Co, London, 1918); Municipal records (1918); An outline sketch of the political history of Europe in the Nineteenth Century (Macmillan & Co, London, 1919); editor of Select extracts from chronicles and records relating to English towns in the Middle Ages (London, 1919); Democracy and the British Empire (Constable & Co, London, 1920); editor of Macmillan's historical atlas of modern Europe (Macmillan & Co, London, 1920); editor ofMediaeval contributions to modern civilisation: a series of lectures (G G Harrap & Co, London, 1921); The European revolution and after, 1848-1854 (1923); editor of The social and political ideas of some great Mediaeval thinkers: a series of lectures (G G Harrap & Co, London, 1923); Newcastle-upon-Tyne...with illustrations (London, 1924); Democracy and labour: a sequel to 'Democracy at the crossways' (Macmillan & Co, London, 1924); A first book of world history (Macmillan & Co, London, 1924); editor of The social & political ideas of some great thinkers of the Renaissance and the Reformation: a series of lectures (G G Harrap & Co, London, 1925); editor of The social & political ideas of some great thinkers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries: a series of lectures (G G Harrap & Co, London, 1926); editor of The political principles of some notable Prime Ministers of the nineteenth century: a series of lectures (Macmillan & Co, London, 1926); History of Europe revised and brought up to date (Macmillan & Co, London, 1926); The development of political ideas (London, 1927); A survey of socialism, analytical, historical and critical (Macmillan & Co, London, 1928); British Prime Ministers of the eighteenth century (London, 1928); editor of The social & political ideas of some English thinkers of the Augustan age, AD 1650-1750: a series of lectures (G G Harrap & Co, London, 1928); editor of The dictionary of English history (Cassell & Co, London, 1928); The centenary history of King's College London, 1828-1928 (G G Harrap & Co, London, 1929); The "Ifs" of history (George Newnes, London, 1929); British Prime Ministers of the Nineteenth century (London, 1930); editor of The social & political ideas of some great French thinkers of the Age of Reason: a series of lectures (G G Harrap & Co, London, 1930); editor of The social & political ideas of some representative thinkers of the revolutionary era: a series of lectures (G G Harrap & Co, London, 1931); editor of The social & political ideas of some representative thinkers of the age of reaction & reconstruction, 1815-65: a series of lectures (G G Harrap & Co, London, 1932); editor of The social & political ideas of some representative thinkers of the Victorian age: a series of lectures (G G Harrap & Co, London, 1933); Conservatism in England: an analytical, historical and political survey (Macmillan & Co, London, 1933); editor of Edwardian England, A D 1901-1910: a series of lectures delivered at King's College University of London, during the session 1932-3 (Ernst Benn, London, 1933); The place of Surrey in the history of England (Macmillan & Co, London, 1936); Prelude to 1937: being a sketch of the critical years, A D 1931-1936 (John Murray, London, 1937); Some great political idealists of the Christian era (G G Harrap & Co, London, 1937); The development of political ideas...revised and enlarged edition (London, 1937); Outlines of the history of the British Isles (G G Harrap & Co, London, 1938); Vyvoj politickych idei (Prelozil Vladmir Dedek) (Praha, 1938); Germany the aggressor throughout the ages (W & R Chambers, London & Edinburgh, 1940); Sea-power & empire (G G Harrap & Co, London, 1940); The Socialists' "New Order" (Individualist Bookshop, London, 1941); The socialists' "New Order" (Society of Individualists, London, 1943); The place of Surrey in the history of England: with illustrations by Elizabeth S. Hearnshaw (S R Publishers, Wakefield, 1971).
John Benjamin Heath was born to an English nonconformist mercantile family in Genoa, Italy, in 1790. He was educated at Harrow School before entering the family business. He served as a director of the Bank of England for 50 years, including terms as deputy governor and governor. In 1867 he received a barony in the Kingdom of Italy.
John Heath, John Lymell and Joseph Manlove became co-partners as fishmongers and dealers in venison with shops at Temple Bar, Saint Clement Danes and Berkeley Square in 1759.
Heathcote was Reader in the History of Science Department at University College London from 1946 to 1973.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Betty Heathfield (1927-2006) was born into a mining family in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. She attended Chesterfield Girls' School and won a university scholarship, which she did not take up for financial reasons. Instead she left school at sixteen to work as a secretary in a local engineering company and became interested in left-wing politics, joining the Young Communist League. In 1953 she married Peter Heathfield, a miner who became the general secretary of the National Union of Mineworkers. She was active in her own right in labour politics in Chesterfield, as a member of the Co-Operative Women's Guild, and a founding member of the Derbyshire Women's Action Group. She became one of the spokeswomen and leading members of the national Women Against Pit Closures organisation during the miners' strike of 1984-1985. Alongside Anne Scargill she led the support campaign for miners' families - organising financial aid, holidays for children, and touring the USA and Canada to raise support for British mining communities. She also took part in an oral history and writing project to document the experiences of women during the action. After the end of the strike, Heathfield studied for a politics degree at Lancaster University. She was also involved in a Women's Co-operative Guild Age Exchange Theatre Company project on the history of the Guild. After suffering from Alzheimer's disease she died on 16 Feb 2006.
Heatley was born in 1911 and educated at Tonbridge School and St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1933. From 1933 to 1936 he worked under Joseph Needham at the School of Biochemistry, Cambridge, on microchemical methods applied to biological problems, and obtained his doctorate in 1936. In September 1936 Heatley came at the invitation of H.W. Florey to the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, initially to work with E.B. Chain and, from October 1939, directly with Florey on the early research and development of penicillin. This close collaboration continued to June 1941 when Heatley accompanied Florey to the USA, bearing with him his research notebooks and sketches for apparatus. He remained there until June 1942. After his return to Oxford he resumed work at the Dunn School, and was a Nuffield Research Fellow of Lincoln College, 1948-1978. He was awarded the OBE in 1978 for his contributions to scientific research.
The executors of the estate were George Heaver (later transferred to Miss J Heaver); Revd. Alfred Heaver; Lily Havers; and Mrs P M Havers. The plan is colour coded, showing which properties were assigned to which party under the terms of the bequest.
John Heaviside was a medical student and later lectured at Surgeon's Hall.
John Hunter (1728-1793) and his brother William ran a School of Anatomy in Great Windmill Street, opened by William in 1768. John practised as surgeon in Golden Square from 1763 and was Surgeon to St George's Hospital from 1768. He began to lecture on the principles and practice of surgery in 1773. His publications included A treatise on the venereal disease (London, 1786) and A treatise on the blood, inflammation, and gunshot wounds (London, 1794).
Born Camden Town, London, 18 May 1850, the youngest of four sons to Thomas Heaviside and his wife Rachel West, whose sister Emma had married Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1847. Thomas Heaviside was a wood engraver and his wife was a governess and had taught the Spottiswoode family, including Sir William Spottiswoode who became President of the Royal Society. However, the family were very poor and the poverty of those early years had a lasting influence on Oliver. His education began at a girls' school run by his mother, but when this failed he was taught by Mr F R Cheshire at the Camden House School. He did not go to university but became a telegraph clerk for the Anglo Danish Telegraph Company, later the Great Northern Telegraph Company, in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1868. He retired from work due to increasing deafness in 1874. He then began work on a series of problems in telegraphy and signal transmission using experimentation, mathematics and vector analysis. He worked on James Clerk Maxwell's equations concerning the electromagnetic theory of light. He predicted the existence of an ionised reflective layer in the atmosphere which would bounce radio signals back to earth - the ionosphere - which is known as the Heaviside layer in his honour, and also predicted the existence of sub-atomic particles and the idea that the mass of an electric charge increases with its velocity. Heaviside was a difficult and eccentric man, partly caused by his deafness, who cared nothing for the opinions of other scientists, but was convinced of the correctness of his workings using mathematical notation (vector algebra) which was almost impossible to understand by his contemporaries but which forms the basis of important areas of electrical engineering theory to this day. He had long and famous disagreements with Sir William Henry Preece over the introduction of inductance to long distance communication cables to improve the transmission of signals, and with Lord Kelvin over the process by which electricity travelled down wires, leading to the production of Heaviside's transmission line equations, and over Kelvin's use of heat diffusion theory to calculate the age of the earth; however, they remained life-long friends. Heaviside moved to Paignton in Devon with his parents to live near his brother Charles and his family. His parents died in 1894 and 1896 and in 1897 Heaviside moved to Newton Abbott where he lived until 1908 when he moved in with his sister in law's sister, Miss Mary Way in Torquay. He lived there until his death on 3 February 1925. He was awarded the Faraday Medal by the IEE and was an Honorary Member of the AIEE. His published works include numerous papers and articles, Electromagnetic Waves (1889), Electrical Papers (1892) and Electromagnetic Theory (3 vols 1893-1912).
Born, 1865; educated Cambridge University; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1886-1949; took cources in surveying, geology and botany; took part in a scheme for settling Santals in Bengal Duars, India; joined staff of RGS, 1894; Librarian of the RGS, 1901-1934; Research Medal of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society, 1933; RGS Victoria Medal, 1934; Librarian Emeritus, 1934-1949; died, 1949.
William Heberden was born in London in August 1710, of an old Hampshire family. He was educated at St Saviour's Grammar School, Southwark, before being sent at an early age to St John's College, Cambridge, in 1724. He graduated BA in 1728, and then MA in 1732. He was elected Fellow of his College in April 1731 and began to study medicine, partly at Cambridge and partly in a London hospital. In 1734 he received a fellowship of his College. Between 1734 and 1738 he was Linacre Lecturer in Physic, and proceeded to MD in 1739. During the next decade he practiced medicine in the university, and gave an annual course of lectures on materia medica. Whilst at Cambridge he acquired a reputation as a good classical scholar, and was well versed in Hebrew. He contributed A Letter from Cleander to Alexias on Hippocrates and the State of Physic in Greece' to the collection called The Athenian Letters (1741). A specimen of his method of lecturing is preserved in his Antitheriaca: An Essay on Mithridatium and Theriaca (1745), which is a warning against superstitious polypharmacy and is charactised bylearning and good sense' (Munk's Roll, 1878, p.160).
In 1745 Heberden was admitted a candidate of the Royal College of Physicians, and was made Fellow in 1746. In 1748 he was persuaded to move to London by Sir Edward Hulse, physician to George III, and settled in Cecil Street where his practice began to thrive. Upon leaving Cambridge he donated his collected specimens, used to illustrate his lectures, to St John's College. In 1749 he was made Fellow of the Royal Society, and was made Gulstonian Lecturer and Censor at the Royal College of Physicians. In the following year he was nominated Harveian Orator at the College. He gave up his fellowship at St John's College in 1752 to a poorer scholar, and in the same year married Elizabeth Martin.
In 1760 he held the offices of Croonian Lecturer and Censor at the Royal College of Physicians. Heberden was held in high esteem by George III, and in 1761 upon Queen Charlotte's arrival in England was named her physician in ordinary. However Heberden chose to decline the post because, it is said, `he was apprehensive it might interfere with those connections of life that he had now formed' (ibid, p.163). In 1762 he was constituted an Elect of the College, an office in which he remained until 1781.
Heberden is considered one of the most eminent of English physicians of the eighteenth century, and was renowned for his charity and gentle manner. Samuel Johnson, lexicographer, literary biographer and one of Heberden's patients, spoke of him as Ultimus Romanorum, the last of our learned physicians', although it has been asserted that he was more thefirst of the moderns' (DNB, 1891, p.360). It has been said that he made `valuable contributions to the science of medicine', although he was not a prolific writer (ibid, p.359). He published several papers in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, and in the Medical Transactions of the College of Physicians, a publication Heberden first promoted in 1763. His account of angina pectoris was the first description of this disease, whilst his paper on chickenpox was also original. Heberden was a patron of learning and printed, at his own expense, two editions of Euripides' plays, edited by Jeremiah Markland, the Greek scholar. He also published Conyers Middleton's Appendix to his Dissertation on the Servile Condition of Physicians among the Ancients. His interest in classical literature was further reflected in his election, in 1770, to Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries.
About 1770 he moved to Pall Mall, where he continued in practice. He was made honorary member of the Royal Society of Medicine in Paris in 1778. In 1783, after over thirty years continuous practice in London, he took partial retirement and resided during the summer months in a house he had bought at Datchet, near Windsor. He continued for some years to return to London to practice during the winter, eventually retiring from practice completely some years before his death. He began to compile in his seventies his Commentaries on the History and Cure of Diseases (1802), which his son William Heberden the younger published, in Latin and then in English, after his death. As an acute clinical observer he had always been in the habit of taking copious notes of his cases, and these formed the basis of this work. The Commentaries proved extremely popular, both in England and abroad, and passed through several editions.
Heberden's first wife died in 1754, just two years after their marriage; she left him one son, Thomas, who became Canon of Exeter. In 1760 he married Mary Wollaston and had eight children, of whom only two survived their father, one being the aforementioned William Heberden the younger, a reputed physician in his own right.
Heberden died on 17 May 1801 at the age of 90, at his house in Pall Mall. He was buried in the parish church at Windsor, where his family erected a monument to his memory.
Publications:
Antitheriaca: An Essay on Mithridatium and Theriaca (1745)
Commentarii de Morborum Historia et Curatione (London, 1802, 1807; Frankfurt, 1804; Leipzig, 1805, 1927; English translation ascribed to William Heberden junior, London, 1803, 1806)
Medical and non-medical papers in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society and the Medical Transactions of the College of Physicians
Strictures upon the Discipline of the University of Cambridge addressed to the Senate, anonymous - attributed to Heberden by Halkett and Laing and Bowes (London, 1792)
An Introduction to the Study of Physic, with a prefatory essay by L. Crummer with a reprint of Heberden's Some Account of a Disorder of the Breast, Le Roy Crummer (New York, 1929)
Publications by others about Heberden:
William Heberden: Physician of the Age of Reason, Ernest Heberden (London, 1989)
William Heberden was born in Southwark, London, in 1710. He was educated at the local grammar school. He transferred to St John's College, Cambridge, in 1724, and became a Fellow in 1730. He practised as a physician in Cambridge for several years, delivering a series of lectures on Materia Medica, for 10 years. He was admitted as a Candidate of the College of Physicians, in 1745 and a Fellow in 1746. He settled in London in 1748, and was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1749. He was also nominated Gulstonian Lecturer in 1749; Harveian orator in 1750; and Croonian lecturer in 1760. He was censor in 1749, 1755, and 1760; Consiliarius in 1762; and was constituted an Elect in 1762, which he resigned in 1781. He died in 1801.
The Hebrew Committee of National Liberation was launched in May 1944. Its origins were in the Emergency Committee to save the Jewish People of Europe, which itself had been formed at an Emergency Conference in July 1943. The founder was Hillel Kook (Peter Bergson). The new committee's aims were to continue to agitate for the rescue of Jews in Europe and to struggle against the British in Palestine. It aspired to be something of an alternative to the Jewish Agency.
The Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) grew from organisations founded in 1881 to assist Jewish migrants arriving at Ellis Island, USA. During World War Two HIAS provided immigration and refugee services. After the war, HIAS was instrumental in evacuating the displaced persons camps and aiding in the resettlement of some 150,000 people in 330 U.S. communities, as well as Canada, Australia and South America. More recently, since the mid-70s, HIAS has helped more than 300,000 Jewish refugees from the former Soviet Union and its successor states escape persecution and rebuild new lives in the United States. As the migration arm of the organised American Jewish community, HIAS also advocates on behalf of refugees and migrants on the international, national and community level.
Hechaluz, was an umbrella organisation founded in 1917 to propagate the settlement of Jews from the Diaspora to Kibbutzim in Palestine.
Born 1914; educated Roslyn public schools, Swarthmore College, and Columbia University; taught political science at Columbia, Barnard, Princeton and Marshall Universities; research assistant to Judge Samuel Rosenman and President Franklin D. Roosevelt on Roosevelt's public papers; section chief, Bureau of the Census, 1940; personnel officer, Office for Emergency Management, 1941; administrative analyst, United States Bureau of the Budget, in 1942 and 1946; entered the United States Army in 1942 as a private in the Infantry; commissioned a second lieutenant, Armored Force, in 1943; assigned to European Theater of Operations as combat historian in 1944, where he interrogated German prisoners of war; special assistant to President Truman 1949-1953; associate director of American Political Science Association at Washington, D.C., 1953-1956; research director, presidential campaign of Adlai Stevenson, 1956; administrative aide to Senator John A. Carroll of Colorado in 1957; moved to Huntington, W.Va., in 1957 to teach at Marshall University; delegate Democratic National Conventions, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1980 and 1984; elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-sixth and to the eight succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1959-January 3, 1977); host of a daily talk show and a writer for a weekly newspaper column; science consultant, House Committee on Science and Technology, 1980-1982; taught at the University of Charleston and Marshall University, 1981-1984; elected secretary of state of West Virginia in 1984.
Publications: Author of Insurgency: personalities and politics of the Taft era (Columbia University Press, New York, 1940) and The bridge at Remagen (Hamilton, London, 1961).
Selig Hecht, American biophysicist, was born in Glogow, Austria (now Poland) in 1892. He moved to the United States in 1898 and graduated from the College of the City of New York (BS, 1913) and from Harvard (PhD, 1917). After organising the laboratory of biophysics at Columbia University, he was Professor of Biophysics there from 1926. He pioneered the application of physiochemical principles to sensory physiology and is known for his determination of minimal quantal requirements at the threshold of vision and for his successful laboratory regeneration of visual purple. An advocate of popular scientific education, he wrote Explaining the Atom, 1947 and died in the same year.
The firm is listed in directories from 1879 only, as follows: 1879: merchants, of 2 Cowper's Court; 1880-5: commission merchants, of 8 Finch Lane; 1886-1907: underwriters, 8 Finch Lane; 1908-16: underwriters, at various addresses. It is not found after 1916.
Robert Heelis, of no 14 Church Row, Limehouse, was a surgeon and apothecary.
Born 26th January 1905, of parents both born themselves in the Parish of Clareen in Ireland. In infancy he was taught by Ursuline nuns who termed him 'Jackie Lantern'. He went to St. Ignatius College, Stamford Hill, London to be educated by the Jesuits and from there at 17 went on to Ushaw, which then had large numbers of ex-Servicemen. At the age of 19 he entered the Venerable English College where his acting and impersonation exploits became legendary. He was ordained in his own Ilford Parish Church and sent as Curate to St. Ethelburga's, Barking, Essex.
In 1937 aged 32, he became Parish Priest of Manor Park where he was to remain throughout the war until 1947. During these years of shared joy and suffering with his people he re-lived his childhood experiences when Zeppelins had lazily floated over London to drop primitive bombs. Now, however he was pulling trapped victims out of blitzed and burning buildings, putting out fires in his own parish school and spending nightly vigils at the local Fire Station. In 1940 he began broadcasting on the service to America - in a series called 'Britain Speaks'. He gave many talks on programmes for the Forces. He became known for his newspaper articles and public speaking.
While a Parish Priest he published five books; the best known being one about his former Rector in Rome, Cardinal Hinsley.
In 1947 he became Head of the Catholic Missionary Society when it was re-organising after the war. He gathered a strong team around him including two former VEC colleagues, G P Dwyer (later Archbishop) and T Holland (later Bishop). They used a motorised Chapel with loudspeakers for this. He was now in constant demand for talks and retreats. Much of his material he published in a new book, The People's Priest. As the book came into the shops he was named Bishop of Leeds.
His priests could now read their destiny. He brought instant activity to a Diocese that had previously had an ailing Bishop. Clergy were moved about rapidly and the Diocese earned the nickname 'the cruel see'. Choosing to live close to his people he was part of the Cathedral staff, he instituted an Open Day each Friday when anyone could see him without appointment.
New churches sprang up in this post-war era and his flock were most distressed to lose him to Liverpool in 1951 as Archbishop. He pushed for the building of the neglected Cathedral and launched a competition for the best design, which resulted in the consecration in 1967 of that unique Liverpool shape dominating the University skyline. By then Heenan had moved on to Archbishop of Westminster 1963-1975, and was created Cardinal Priest of San Silvestro in Capite on 22 February 1965.
He attended the Vatican Council, 1962-1965 where he was cautious yet determined about implementing its decisions. He set up both a Senate of Priests and a Pastoral Council and also a College for training religious teachers in the new thinking. The latter had a chequered existence. He sought fresh links through his own friendship with the Chief Rabbi and the Archbishop of Canterbury.
He led the Bishop's Conference on public statements about moral issues and was an outspoken opponent of abortion, contraception and euthanasia. These topics had just come alive as social phenomena.
At Rome he was a member of the Sacred Congregation for Bishops and also of the Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the Code of Canon Law. In 1967 he suffered a serious illness and for the next 6 years had to fight much ill-health. Heart attacks in 1973 and 1974 eventually led to his death on 7 November 1975 aged 70.
Maurice Heiber founded an organisation to save Jewish children in Belgium. He worked both for the Judenrat (Jewish Council) in Belgium's children's department (AJB) and for the Committee for the Defense of Belgian Jews (CDJ) as a special emissary. He managed the children's department for the CDJ, 1942. Heiber transferred a copy of the card index containing the names of all 'official' Jews from the AJB to the CDJ and visited these homes with persuasive proposals for hiding children.
The articles, written by a variety of authors, were commissioned by Dr Heilbrunn with the intention of publishing a book on the recent history of Franfurt's Jews. The book was never published.
The Heinemann African Writers Series was begun in 1962 and is ongoing.
No biographical information has been found for Otto Heinrich.
No further information available at present.
Ronald Heisler started collecting books and pamphlets in 1948.
Margaret Heitland (1860-1938) was born in 1860, the daughter of the Rev WH Bateson DD, Master of St John, College, Cambridge University, and his wife Anna Aitkin. Margaret was educated at Highfield School, Hendon and in Heidelberg, Germany. She and her two sisters, Anna and Mary Bateson were involved with the women's suffrage movement alongside their mother. When the Cambridge Women's Suffrage Association was formed in 1884, Margaret Bateson was appointed the first honorary assistant Secretary. However, her main interest was journalism and she entered the profession in 1886. Two years later she began working for the Queen magazine, where she remained for most of her career. In Jan 1888 she organised a campaign of meetings in various towns for the Women's Suffrage Society and in 1895 she was editor of a collection of interviews, which was published under the title of 'Professional Women upon their Professions'. She married William Emmerton Heitland MA, Fellow of St John's College, in Jul 1901 but continued her work after this time and was elected to the executive committee of the Cambridge Association of Women's Suffrage the following year. She supported the Association financially, paying the costs of a Secretary for seven months in 1905. In Dec 1908 she was asked to speak at a private meeting in Bedford which led to the founding of the Bedford Society for Women's Suffrage. It was in Bedford in 1912 that she also spoke to members of the local branch of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies in support of the national organisation's Election Fighting Fund which was aimed at supporting Labour Party candidates in seats where an anti-suffrage Liberal candidate was standing. By 1913 she was the president of the Cambridge Women's Suffrage Association, a member of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies Executive committee and vice president of the Central Bureau for the Employment of Women, which she had helped to found and on whose behalf she had lectured on women's employment since 1906. In 1920, Heitland was a member of the standing committee of the Cambridge branch of the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship. She died in 1938.
Petar Hektorovic (1487-1582), was a Croatian nobleman and well known figure in sixteenth century Croatian literature. He lived on the island of Hvar which was at that time under Venetian rule but was under threat from invasion by the Ottoman Empire which had conquered most of South-Eastern Europe at that time.
Wolfgang Held (1933-2016) was a writer, translator, artist and musician, and a key figure in Anglo-German literary relations.
Born in Frieburg, Germany, in 1933. Educated in Karlsruhe, Heidelberg and Freiburg. Completed a PhD on the Austrian poet, Georg Trakl, and subsequently spent four years at the University of Madras. Taught at the University of Ljubljana, in the former Yugoslavia, in the 1960s. Moved to Edinburgh (by 1971) and then to Greenwich University. Retired in 1985, to focus on his own writing.
His translation work includes German translations of Wyndham Lewis, T.S. Eliot, Samuel Beckett, Michael Holroyd's biography on George Bernhard Shaw and the poetry of John Donne and Emily Brontë.
His novels include Die im Glashaus (Those in Glass Houses, 1965), Ein Brief des Jüngeren Plinius (A Letter from Pliny the Younger, 1979), Rabenkind (Raven Child, 1985), Geschichte der Abgeschnittenen Hand (Tale of the Severed Hand, 1994), Traum vom Hungerturm (Dream of the Hunger Tower, 2007) and Schattenfabel (Shadow Tale, 2014). He also wrote a play, Hoffmanns Verbrennung (Hoffmann’s Burning, 1986).
As a pianist Held gave concerts and made recordings and commentaries for German radio. He also published a biography of Robert and Clara Schumann, Manches Geht in Nacht Verloren (Things Go Astray in the Night, 1998), republished as Geliebte Clara (Beloved Clara, 2008).
Held was also a collagist and hosted the Raven Studio in his London home from 1989-1992, exhibiting works by other contemporary artists.
His first wife was Eva (nee Hellmansberger). The pair later divorced. Married his second wife Madeline in 1971, with whom he had a daughter, Natasha.
Una M Heler (fl 1977-1981) worked in the advertising industry for most of her life. She appears to have been a member of staff at the Rumble, Crowther and Nicholas Ltd advertising company working on a drink survey carried out between May and Jun 1949 and she was still working for Impact Stationers Ltd into the 1980s. In this capacity, she became a member of the Women's Advertising Club of London and sat on its Executive Committee at the end of the 1970s. In 1977 she took over the position of representative of the Advertising Club on the Standing Committee of the Advisory Council to the Women's Royal Voluntary Service, a position which she held until at least 1981.
Michael Hellman came to the UK from Austria in 1938. In 1950 he underwent a surgical procedure to cure a fissure and the resultant problems led to his referral to a psychiatrist and his sectioning and detention in Horton Hospital, Epsom in 1955. There he was treated for an alleged serious mental illness including the use of insulin comas and ECT. Michael Hellman was released from Horton Hospital in January 1956. In 1958 he applied for a copy of his certificate and reception order from Horton Hospital which confirmed that his original medical condition had been ignored by the Hospital. Hellman later attempted to bring his case to court and sue the doctor involved. However, having been refused legal aid and conducting his own case he was refused leave to bring proceedings. All subsequent attempts to have the case reviewed by the Department of Health were refused. In 1997, Glenda Jackson, MP for Hampstead, took up the case with the Ministry of Health, but to date no enquiry has ever been held.
Alex Helm was a writer and Fellow of the Folk Lore Society. Starting in 1955, he collected together material relating to British folk drama, which he hoped to publish as a complete geographical index. Later, joined by Dr E C Cawte and N Peacock, Helm produced the first part of this work, A Geographical Index of the Ceremonial Dance in Great Britain, in 1960, and the second, English Ritual Drama, a Geographical Index, in 1967.
John Sebastian Helmcken was born at Whitechapel, London, 1824; educated at St George's German and English School, 1828; apprentice to Dr Graves to train as a chemist and druggist, 1839-1841; student, Guy's Hospital, 1844; first prize for Practical Chemistry and second prize for Materia Medica, 1845; Licentiate of the Apothecaries Company, 1847; won one of the two Pupils Physical prizes; Ship's Surgeon with the Hudson's Bay Company, 1847; made voyages to Hudson's Bay and Bombay, India; admitted to the Royal College of Surgeons, 1848; surgeon for the Hudson's Bay Company emigrants, Vancouver Island, 1850; Hudson's Bay Company surgeon to Fort Rupert in May 1850; appointed magistrate in 1850; maintained private practice in Victoria; member of the first Legislative Assembly of Vancouver Island for Esquimalt and Victoria, 1856; Speaker of the Assembly, 1856-1866; elected as a member for Esquimalt/Metchosin, 1860; President of the Board of Directors for the Royal Jubilee Hospital, 1862-1872, as well as serving as Doctor to the Jail; Chief Trader of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1863-1870; Surgeon, Hudson's Bay Company at Victoria, 1863; elected to the Legislative Council of British Columbia for Victoria/Esquimalt, 1866; re-elected to the Legislative Council, 1868; one of three negotiators at Ottawa to negotiate British Columbia's entry into Canada; appointed to the Executive Council of British Columbia, 1869; retired from politics, 1871; continued practicing medicine as physician to the jail until retiring, 1910; President, British Columbia Medical Association, 1885; died, 1920.
Publications include: The reminiscences of Doctor John Sebastian Helmcken edited by Dorothy Blakey Smith (University of British Columbia Press [1975]); To the electors of Esquimalt and Metchosin District. gentlemen, the Legislative Assembly has been dissolved, a general election will shortly ensue [1863?]; To the electors of Esquimalt and Metchosin District. fellow colonists having received an address signed by several of the electors in our district, requesting me again to become a candidate for your suffrage etc [1863?].
Born at Kidderminster, England, 1815; studied at Homerton College; appointed London Missionary Society (LMS) missionary to Africa; ordained at Leamington, 1838; married Anne Garden; sailed to South Africa, 1839; arrived at Cape Town; proceeded to Griqua Town; moved to Lekatlong and took charge of that station, 1840; moved to Borigelong, between Lekatlong and Taung, connected with the Kuruman mission, 1842; returned to work in Lekatlong, 1843; returned to England, his health having failed, 1856; appointed to open a mission among the Makololo, north of the Zambesi, 1858; arrived at Cape Town with his wife and four children and proceeded to Lekatlong; left Kuruman, 1859; arranged to travel with Roger Price and family to meet David Livingstone at Linyanti; after a difficult journey, arrived at Linyanti, where he, his wife and two children died of fever, 1860; the mission to the Makololo was abandoned.
In 1923, the London Stock Exchange Dramatic and Operatic Society decided to put on additional performances to provide funds for hospitals. In order to augment the money raised, a Christmas Draw was organised and people and businesses in and around the Stock Exchange were invited to donate prizes. A separate organisation, the Help Yourself Society, was formed in 1927 to run these fundraising activities. Subscribers to the Society were entitled to a draw ticket for each subscription paid (originally half a crown). The funds raised were distributed amongst institutions and organisations nominated by the trustees of the Society. Many of the gifts donated for the draw were deliberately of a comic kind and from 1926 details were published in a catalogue. This became the Help Yourself Annual which was published until 1950 when it was replaced by a gift list, later by a newsletter and subsequently by a list of prizewinners. After the Second World War, with the creation of the National Health Service, the Society shifted its support from hospitals and large institutions to smaller charitable organisations which relied on voluntary contributions for the bulk of their income. The Society was wound up in 1986.
Arthur Helps was born in Balham, Surrey in 1813. He was educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge. After graduating, he entered the civil service, initially as private secretary to the Chancellor of the Exchequer. In 1843, Helps purchased a large estate in Hampshire and subsequently spent much of his time there writing both novels and non-fiction. He was concerned with social reform, which he addressed both in his writing and through fundraising. From 1860 until his death he served as Clerk of the Privy Council and edited some of the royal family's papers for publication. He was knighted in 1872.
An antiquary and local historian; revised and enlarged George Ormerod's The History of the County Palatine and City of Chester (first published, 1819) for its second edition (3 volumes, London, 1882); a member of Lincoln's Inn.
George Heming of Piccadilly, goldsmith, citzen and musician of London married Katherine Vaughan of Kensington in 1765.
Alice [née Weaver] Hemming (1907-1994) was born in London on 18 Sep 1907. The family moved to Canada where Alice received her education. She graduated from the University of British Columbia and began working as a journalist on the Vancouver Province newspaper. Whilst working as a journalist, Alice interviewed Harold Hemming, a banker by profession who was leading a delegation of British headmasters visiting universities in Canada. Alice returned to London in order to work with Harold Hemming, translating books written by the French economist, André Siegfried. Alice and Harold Hemming were married in 1931. Following her involvement in war work in London, Alice returned to Vancouver in 1940 and began working as a journalist again. She was employed to write two regular newspaper columns and presenting a daily radio broadcast, all in support of the British war effort. Alice was also involved in giving lectures and created the information department of the Canadian National Film Board, based in Ottawa. In 1944, Alice returned to London with her two children and dedicated her time and energy to the women's movement. Alice was vice-president of the International Alliance of Women and the Women's Council for many years. She was president of the British Commonwealth League, renamed the Commonwealth Countries League in 1963, for forty years 1953-1972, and was also the Commonwealth Countries League's representative to the Status of Women Committee. Furthermore, Alice was responsible for establishing the Commonwealth Countries League annual fair from her own home in Primrose Hill, which developed into a major international event working to raise funds to provide education for girls in Commonwealth countries. It was for this work that Alice received an OBE in 1975 as well as honours from Canadian universities. Alice Hemming died on the 28 Mar 1994.
James Hemming was born in Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester, had a sporadic formal education, but he earned a BA through a correspondence course at Birkbeck College, London. He taught in schools in Bristol, Bournemouth and lastly at Isleworth grammar school, Middlesex. When the Second World War broke out, he stayed at Isleworth and taught English and PE. He started a campaign to get the cane abolished in schools, bringing considerable odium from the educational establishment.
His first book, The Child is Right - a Challenge to Parents and Other Adults (1947), was written in collaboration with Josephine Balls. Instead of God is subtitled 'A Pragmatic Reconsideration of Beliefs and Values'; The Betrayal of Youth tackles the secondary educational system, warning against an overemphasis on academic values. He gave much time and energy to the British Humanist Association, serving as its President between 1977 and 1980. His other books included Problems of Adolescent Girls, Individual Morality, Sex Education in Schools, Sex and Love, and You and Your Adolescent.
Hemming appeared as a defence witness in the Penguin Books obscenity trial of Lady Chatterley's Lover in 1960 and was a regular panel member on the 1970s BBC programme If You Think You've Got Problems. During the 1980s and 90s, he was a humanist representative on the Religious Education Council of England and Wales, an honorary associate of the Rationalist Association and a vice-president of the Gay and Lesbian Humanist Association.
This firm of merchants had premises successively at 15 and 18 Lawrence Pountney Lane.
Educated at St John's College Cambridge and at Guy's Hospital. Obtained BA Cambridge, MB BCh Camb 1895, FRCS Eng 1902. Entered Guy's Hospital, Sep 1891.
Eugenie Jane Andrina Henderson was born on 2 October 1914. After leaving school she went to University College, London to read English, where she later studied phonetics under Daniel Jones. Although she specialised in phonetics and phonology, she also made an invaluable contribution to the field of general linguistics, and advanced the study of many South East Asian languages, notably Karen, Khasi, Thai and Chin. She married George Meier in 1941.
Her career at the School of Oriental and African Studies started in 1944, following a short spell working for the Ministry of Economic Welfare during the Second World War. She taught under Professor Firth, initially teaching Japanese to armed services personnel. She researched the subject of prosodic phonology, a theory advocated by Firth, and published several significant works in this field. She stayed on at SOAS after the end of the War, lecturing in the languages of South East Asia, and became Head of Department in 1960. During the six years of her appointment, she furthered the development of the department by introducing the study options of combining language courses with social anthropology or history. In 1966 she was appointed Head of the Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, during which time she undertook much of her work on prosodic phonology. She became an honorary fellow of the School in 1985 and a Fellow of the British Academy in the following year.
Eugenie Henderson's published works included Tiddim Chin: a descriptive analysis of two texts (1965), The Domain of Phonetics (1965) and The Indispensable Foundation: a Selection from the Writings of Henry Sweet (1971). Her magnum opus was the compilation of material for a dictionary of Karen, although she died on 27 July 1989 before the work was published. In addition to having many of her own works published, Eugenie Henderson assisted in the publication of the works of other scholars like Gordon Luce, who wrote Pre-Pagan Burma.
Born, 1836; Professor of Surgery at Lahore University; Superintendant of Central Jail, Lahore; medical officer and scientist, political mission to Yarkand under Sir Douglas Forsyth, 1870; Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens and Professor of Botany, Calcutta University; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1871-1929, made a Life Fellow in 1871; died, 1929.