Born 1900; educated at Mount School in York, and Bedford College, University of London, where she graduated in modern languages; prospective parliamentary candidate for St Albans, 1936-1941; admitted to the Inner Temple, 1941, and called to the Bar, 1943; practised as a barrister in London and on the Midland Circuit; during World war Two, lectured on current events to troops under the War Office Scheme for Education; stood as Liberal candidate for Barnet, 1945, Lincoln, 1950, and Luton, 1955; prospective parliamentary candidate for Watford, 1953; contested Hendon Borough Council elections (Garden Suburb Ward), 1949 and 1953; Honorary Secretary, Women's Liberal Federation, [1941-1949]; served on the Executive of the Liberal Candidates Association; President, Hampstead Garden Suburb Ward Liberal Association; independent member of five Industrial Wages Councils; Head of Chambers, 5 Pump Court, Temple, [1970-1979]; Member, Management Board, Gladstone Benevolent Fund for Liberal Agents, [1973-1988]; died 1997.
Henderson entered the Navy in 1859, served on the North America and West Indies Station, 1860 to 1864, in the NILE and the STYX and then joined the Channel Squadron in the PRINCE CONSORT. He became a lieutenant in 1866 and was at Portsmouth in the CROCODILE from 1867 until he took part in the voyage round the world of the Flying Squadron in the LIVERPOOL, flagship of Sir Geoffrey Phipps Hornby. From 1872 to 1875 he was in the PETEREL, Pacific Station, in the ECLIPSE in 1877 on the North America and West Indies Station, and was on 'particular service' in the HYDRA, 1878. He was promoted to commander in 1879 and to captain in 1886, after having been in Australia for four years, 1881 to 1885. Going to the East Indies in command of the CONQUEST, 1889 to 1892, Henderson was in the Naval Brigade under Sir Edmund Fremantle in the punitive expedition against the Sultan of Vitu, 1890. He then went out to the Mediterranean and later to China in the Edgar, 1894 to 1896, when he returned to Devonport to command the Fleet Reserve. From 1898 to 1900 he was Commodore and Naval Officer in command at Jamaica and was Admiral Superintendent of Devonport Dockyard, 1902 to 1906. At the end of this appointment he retired and occupied himself with voluntary work such as his service for the Metropolitan Asylums Board, 1909 to 1921. Always much interested in the professional education of naval officers, in 1913 he was one of those who founded the Naval Review, which he edited for several years.
The Chilean merchants Balfour Williamson & Company Ltd were founded in 1851.
Hendon District Hospital was founded in 1913 on a site on the corner of Hendon Way and Elliot Road, London NW4. By 1937 it had 65 beds of which 20 were in a private wing. It received financial help from King Edward's Hospital Fund for London, whose records include two files relating to Hendon Cottage Hospital 1918-c.1937 (reference A/KE/249/8, A/KE/518/4). In 1948 the hospital was transferred to the National Health Service and came under the control of the North West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board as part of the Hendon Group of hospitals.
Hendon Group Hospital Management Committee was set up in 1948 by the North West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board to manage the following hospitals and clinics - Edgware General Hospital, Bushey Maternity Hospital, Hendon District Hospital, Colindale Hospital, Hendon Isolation, later West Hendon Hospital, Roxbourne Hospital, Oxhey Grove, Stanmore Cottage Hospital, Harrow Chest Clinic and Edgware Chest Clinic. Records from the first three hospitals have also been transferred to the London Metropolitan Archive. Kingsbury Hospital was added to the Group in 1972.
A major reorganisation of the standing committees and the administrative structure took place in 1966-1967. The Group hospitals were formed into three main functional sub-groups, namely:-
1 Edgware General and Bushey Maternity Hospitals.
2 Colindale and Hendon District Hospitals and the two chest clinics.
3 West Hendon Hospital and the geriatric hospitals (ie Oxhey Grove, Roxbourne, Glebe House, Stanmore Cottage Hospital and Orme Lodge).
The Staff and Establishment Committee, the Finance and General Purposes Committee and the Works and Building Committee were replaced by the Finance and Staff Committee and the Planning and General Purposes Committee. The six Hospital Committees were replaced by three Hospital Committees, one for each main sub-group.
Hendon Group Hospital Management Committee ceased to exist in 1974 when the National Health Service was reorganised.
Edgware General Hospital was originally known as Redhill Hospital and was built by Hendon Board of Guardians in December 1927. It was taken over by Middlesex County Council on 1 April 1930 who renamed it Redhill County Hospital. The hospital became part of the National Health Service in 1948 and came under the control of the North West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board and Hendon Group Hospital Management Committee. Its name was changed the same year to Edgware General Hospital.
In 1937 Middlesex County Council acquired a newly built private clinic in Heathbourne Road, Bushey Heath, Hertfordshire to be used as a maternity hospital. It opened on 1 January 1938 with 48 beds as Middlesex County Maternity Hospital. It was administered from Redhill County Hospital, now Edgware General Hospital. In 1948 it became part of the National Health Service as one of the Hendon Group of hospitals of the North West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board. The name of the hospital was changed to Bushey Maternity Hospital. The hospital closed in c 1977.
Hendon District Hospital was founded in 1913 on a site on the corner of Hendon Way and Elliot Road, London NW4. In 1948 the hospital was transferred to the National Health Service and came under the control of the North West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board as part of the Hendon Group of Hospitals.
Hendon Group Hospital Management Committee was set up in 1948 by the North West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board to manage the following hospitals and clinics - Edgware General Hospital, Bushey Maternity Hospital, Hendon District Hospital, Colindale Hospital, Hendon Isolation, later West Hendon Hospital, Roxbourne Hospital, Oxhey Grove, Stanmore Cottage Hospital, Harrow Chest Clinic and Edgware Chest Clinic. Hendon Group Hospital Management Committee ceased to exist in 1974 when the National Health Service was reorganised.
An Act of 1792 established seven 'Public Offices' (later Police offices and Police courts) in the central Metropolitan area. The aim was to establish fixed locations where 'fit and able magistrates' would attend at fixed times to deal with an increasing number of criminal offences.
Offices were opened in St Margaret Westminster, St James Westminster, Clerkenwell, Shoreditch, Whitechapel, Shadwell and Southwark. An office in Bow Street, Covent Garden, originally the home of the local magistrate, had been operating for almost 50 years and was largely the model for the new offices.
In 1800 the Marine Police Office or Thames Police Office, opened by 'private enterprise' in 1798, was incorporated into the statutory system. In 1821 an office was opened in Marylebone, apparently replacing the one in Shadwell.
Each office was assigned three Justices of the Peace. They were to receive a salary of £400 per annum. These were the first stipendiary magistrates. Later they were expected to be highly qualified in the law, indeed, to be experienced barristers. This distinguished them from the local lay justices who after the setting up of Police Offices were largely confined, in the Metropolitan area, to the licensing of innkeepers. In addition each office could appoint up to six constables to be attached to it.
The commonly used term of 'Police Court' was found to be misleading. The word 'police' gave the impression that the Metropolitan Police controlled and administered the courts. This was never the case, the word 'police' was being used in its original meaning of 'pertaining to civil administration', 'regulating', etc.
In April 1965 (following the Administration of Justice Act 1964) the London Police Courts with their stipendiary magistrates were integrated with the lay magistrates to form the modern Inner London Magistrates' Courts.
The police courts dealt with a wide range of business coming under the general heading of 'summary jurisdiction', i.e. trial without a jury. The cases heard were largely criminal and of the less serious kind. Over the years statutes created many offences that the courts could deal with in addition to Common Law offences. Examples include: drunk and disorderly conduct, assault, theft, begging, possessing stolen goods, cruelty to animals, desertion from the armed forces, betting, soliciting, loitering with intent, obstructing highways, and motoring offences. Non-criminal matters included small debts concerning income tax and local rates, landlord and tenant matters, matrimonial problems and bastardy.
Offences beyond the powers of the Court would normally be passed to the Sessions of the Peace or Gaol Delivery Sessions in the Old Bailey (from 1835 called the Central Criminal Court). From the late 19th century such cases would be the subject of preliminary hearings or committal proceedings in the magistrates' courts.
Outside the London Police Court Area but within the administrative county of Middlesex lay justices continued to deal with both criminal offences and administrative matters such as the licensing of innkeepers.
The exact area covered by a Court at any particular time can be found in the Kelly's Post Office London Directories, available on microfilm at LMA. The entries are based on the original Orders-in-Council establishing police court districts. A map showing police court districts is kept in the Information Area of LMA with other reference maps. Please ask a member of staff for assistance.
Hendon Urban District Council was formed in 1894. In 1932 the UDC became the Municipal Borough of Hendon. The municipal borough was abolished in 1965 and the area became part of the London Borough of Barnet. The responsibilities of both an urban district council and a municipal borough included safeguarding public health.
Poor rates were administered by parishes, and were levied to assist the poor of that parish. The duty of relieving the poor was given to parish overseers. The 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act established Boards of Guardians which were responsible for the care of poor persons in a group of parishes, known as Poor Law Unions. Hendon Poor Law Union was formed in 1835, and comprised the parishes of Hendon, Harrow, Pinner, Edgware, Kingsbury, Great and Little Stanmore, and Willesden. A red-brick workhouse was built at Redhill, Edgware Road, in 1835 to hold 350 inmates; a union school for 150 children was erected near by in 1859 and the workhouse itself was extended in 1889.
Poor relief was based on the Act for the Relief of the Poor of 1601 which obliged parishes to take care of the aged and needy in their area. Parish overseers were empowered to collect a local income tax known as the poor-rate which would be put towards the relief of the poor. This evolved into the rating system, where the amount of poor-rate charged was based on the value of a person's property. Early workhouses were constructed and managed by the parish. However, this process was expensive and various schemes were devised where groups of parishes could act together and pool their resources. As early as 1647 towns were setting up 'Corporations' of parishes. An Act of 1782, promoted by Thomas Gilbert, allowed adjacent parishes to combine into Unions and provide workhouses. These were known as 'Gilbert's Unions' and were managed by a board of Guardians.
Under the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, the Poor Law Commission was given the power to unite parishes in England and Wales into Poor Law Unions. Each Union was to be administered by a local Board of Guardians. Relief was to be provided through the provision of a workhouse. An amendment to the 1834 Act allowed already existing 'Gilbert's Unions' or Corporations of parishes to remain in existence, although they were encouraged to convert themselves into Poor Law Unions. Although there was some reorganisation of union boundaries, particularly in London, the majority of Unions created under the 1834 Act remained in operation until 1930. In March 1930 a new Local Government Bill abolished the Poor Law Unions and the Board of Guardians. Responsibility for their institutions passed to Public Assistance Committees managed by the county councils - in the metropolis either the London County Council or the Middlesex County Council.
Fostering - that is the arrangement whereby one person pays another for the care of a child - has always existed in one form or another. It had its abuses, the grossest of which was baby farming, the scandal of which necessitated legislation in the form of the Infant Life Protection Act 1872 which made it compulsory for persons taking for hire two or more infants less than a year old to register with the local authorities, who were the Councils in the care of the boroughs and the Justices in the case of counties. Child life protection as a whole was transferred to the Poor Law authorities, whose duties comprised the receiving of notice where a person undertook for reward the nursing and maintenance of an infant under the age of 7; the appointment of visitors to inspect such children; the limitation of the number in a dwelling; the removal of such infants improperly kept; and the receiving of fines imposed from offences.
Hendon Poor Law Union was founded in May 1835. It was formed from parishes in Edgware, Harrow-on-the-Hill, Hendon, Kingsbury, Pinner, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore and Willesden. Harrow Weald, Wealdstone and Wembley parishes were added in 1894. Willesden separated in 1896.
In 1838 the Hendon Union workhouse was built at Burnt Oak on the north side of the Edgware Road. In 1930 it was taken over by Middlesex County Council and became Redhill Public Assistance Institution, and later Redhill Hospital, which was renamed Edgware General Hospital. Hendon Union Schools were erected near the workhouse in 1859 and later became part of the hospital.
Source of information: Peter Higginbotham at The Workhouse website.
Finchley Teachers' Association and Hendon Teachers' Association were professional associations representing and supporting local teachers.
After an early career in the Army, David Heneker turned his hand to songwriting, composing several songs for revues and cabarets in the 1930s, and composing war time songs during the Second World War. In 1948 he resigned his commission from the Army and became a songwriter, while also working as a pianist at the Embassy Club. He went on to compose or to contribute to several musicals, his works include 'Charlie Girl', 'Irma la Douce', 'Phil the Fluter', 'Jorrocks', 'Popkiss', 'Expresso Bongo' and 'Half a Sixpence'. He also composed songs for films and for advertising.
After an early career in the Army, David Heneker turned his hand to songwriting, composing several songs for revues and cabarets in the 1930s, and composing war time songs during the Second World War. In 1948 he resigned his commission from the Army and became a songwriter, while also working as a pianist at the Embassy Club. He went on to compose songs for or to contribute to several musicals. Some of his notable works include 'Charlie Girl', 'Irma la Douche', 'Phil the Fluter', 'Jorrocks', 'Popkiss', 'Expresso Bongo' and 'Half a Sixpence'. He also composed songs for films and for advertising.
Frank Henley (formerly Otto Lichtenstein) came to England from Cologne on the Kindertransport, Dec 1938.
It is possible that John Henley is "Orator Henley" (1692-1756) a dissenting minister who moved to London in 1720, initially taking up preaching posts and undertaking writing work. In 1725 he resigned all his posts and founded his own chapel, The Oratory, where he gave religious sermons and political or academic lectures. His subjects became increasingly bizarre and were often met with criticism in the press and riot and uproar in the chapel. He only stopped lecturing when he became ill in 1755.
William Ernest Henley was born in Gloucester in 1849. He was educated at the Crypt School there, where the poet T E Brown was his headmaster. He left school in 1867 and moved to London, where he worked as a journalist. He was often in ill-health and spent nearly two years in hospital in Edinburgh, where he met both Hannah Johnson Boyle, whom he married in 1878, and the writer Robert Louis Stevenson, who became a close friend and collaborator for several years. Henley spent most of his life working as a writer and editing periodicals, including the National Observer, and the New Review. He was also a poet of some note, perhaps best known for the line 'I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul'.
Michael Henley ([1742-1813]) was an apprentice waterman and lighterman from 1757 to 1764. By 1770 he was trading as a coal and rope merchant and three years later he acquired a wharf and premises in Wapping. In 1775 he appears to have purchased his first sea-going ship; other vessels followed, which he employed in the east coast coal trade, and later in other trades in the Atlantic, West Indies, Mediterranean and Baltic, mostly on charter. During the American War of Independence, he also chartered ships to the government as transports. In 1780 his eldest son Joseph (1766-1832) was bound apprentice to him and within a few years he was running the day-to-day aspects of the business. Michael Henley spent much of his time travelling to the various ports at which his ships called regularly, in particular Newcastle and Portsmouth, but on occasions he also visited Ireland and Scotland. The shipping activities of the Henleys increased substantially during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. Between 1775 and 1832 they owned over a hundred and twenty ships. They stopped trading directly as coal merchants early in the nineteenth century, though retaining a strong interest in the trade. At the same time their ships became more involved in the West Indies trade and in the timber trades with the Baltic, North America and Canada and the Bay of Honduras. Many of their vessels were chartered to the Transport Board, after its re-establishment in 1794, as troop and horse ships or victuallers. After 1815 shipping suffered from the post-war slump and Joseph now divided his time between his shipping interests and Waterperry, his Oxford estate. He owned a smaller number of ships, which were principally involved in the North American and Baltic trades, although there were two notable Transport voyages to Ceylon and the Mediterranean between 1820 and 1822. He appears to have continued to own one or two ships up until the time of his death.
Born, 1947; educated, St John's College Cambridge, 1969; reporter: Times Higher Education Supplement, 1972-1974; The Times, 1974-1976; Lobby Correspondent, Financial Times, 1976; Whitehall Correspondent, The Times, 1976-1982; journalist, The Economist, 1982; home leader, writer and columnist, The Times, 1982-1984; co-founder of the Institute of Contemporary British History, 1986; columnist: New Statesman, 1986-1987; The Independent, 1987-1991; Director, 1989-1993; The Tablet, 2003-; regular presenter of the BBC Radio 4 Analysis programme, 1987-1992; Professor of Contemporary History, Queen Mary, University of London, 1992-2000; Atlee Professor of Contemporary British History, Queen Mary, University of London, since 2001.
Publications: Cabinet (1986),
Whitehall (1989),
Never Again: Britain 1945-51 (1992),
The Hidden Wiring: Unearthing the British Constitution (1995),
The Prime Minister: The Office and Its Holders since 1945 (2000)
The Secret State: Whitehall and the Cold War (2002)
Having It So good: Britain In The Fifties (2006)
Rose Henriques was born in London in 1889, the daughter of James Loewe, a well-known figure in Jewish communal life. Her brother achieved standing as Reader in Rabbinics at Cambridge University.
Rose Loewe came from a comfortable middle class background and had a love of music, performing regularly on the harmonium at her local synagogue in St John's Wood. She studied piano in Breslau. Returning at the outbreak of the First World War, she met Basil Henriques, who persuaded her to join him in a venture to establish a Jewish boys' club in the East End of London. The Oxford and St George's Club dominated the lives of the couple for decades. Rose initially took charge of the girls' section, eventually managing the boys' section as well when Basil went off to do his patriotic duty. The couple married in 1916.
They lived on the premises of their club from which base they undertook a wide range of welfare work involving not only youth work but mother and baby welfare, help for the aged and the promotion of education, participation in Jewish religious life and in the arts. Eventually Berner street, on which the home was situated, was renamed Henriques Street in her honour.
The Nazi persecution of Germany's and Europes's Jews roused the interest and compassion of Rose at an early stage. In 1943 she found the opportunity to become actively involved in planning for the end of the war by joining the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad (JCRA) which was formed by the Joint Foreign Committee of the Anglo Jewish Association and the Board of Deputies of British Jews. The JCRA had as one of its chief goals the establishment of the Jewish Relief Unit (JRU)- an active service unit carrying out welfare work among the surviving remnant of European Jewry in Germany. Rose Henriques served as head of the German department of the JCRA. She was part of the second team to arrive at Bergen Belsen after its liberation and based herself at the nearby town of Celle.
Rose Henriques remained preoccupied with welfare work in displaced persons' camps until 1950 when Bergen Belsen was closed and most Jewish DPs emigrated to Israel or to the USA.
In the post-war era Rose Henriques became actively involved in the British ORT organisation (ORT are the Russian initials of the Society for Spreading Artisan and Agricultural Work among Jews). She also served as chair of the British Society for the Protection of the Health of Jews; established work rooms for the elderly in East London; presided over the League of Jewish Women, the Association for the Welfare of the Physically Handicapped; the Whitechapel Art Gallery and the Jewish Research Unit.
When Basil Henriques was knighted in 1955, Rose became Lady Henriques. She died in 1972.
Augustine Henry was born in Dundee on 2nd July 1857 to Bernard Henry and Mary MacNamee. His father was originally from Tyanee in county Londonderry, Northern Ireland, and had worked as a gold prospector in both California and Australia. The family moved to Cookstown, co Tyrone shortly after Augustine’s birth where his father owned a grocery shop and worked flax dealer. Henry spent some of his childhood with his grandparents in Tyanee.
Henry was educated at the Cookstown academy and in Queen’s college, Galway. He studied natural sciences and philosophy, graduating with a first-class degree and gold medal in 1877. While at Queen’s college, Galway, he met Evelyn Gleeson who became a lifelong friend and correspondent. He then moved to Queen’s College, Belfast to take a MA the following year. After this he worked for a year in a London hospital and in 1879 passed the Queen’s University examination in medicine. During this time, one of his professors suggested the possibility of a position with the Chinese Customs service. For this Henry needed a medical qualification and he gained this possible at the Royal College of Physicians in Edinburgh, taking special examinations to speed up the process. By 1881, he had his medical qualification and accepted a post as a medical officer, setting out for China in the summer of that year.
Henry arrived in China at Hong Kong and then was ordered to his first posting at Shanghai. He spent the winter at Shanghai learning about the ways of the customs services and in the spring of 1882 he was assigned to the port of Ichang in the Hubei province on the Yangtze river, more than 900 miles inland as assistant medical officer. It was at Ichang that Henry started collecting plants. The area immediately surrounding the town is plains while only a few miles were the San Xia, a hundred miles of gorges filled with vegetation. Henry began to collect at the weekends as a hobby and then more as part of his duties as customs officer. After four months of collecting and struggling to name the plants, he wrote to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew seeking their advice. After the initial letter brought instructions on plant collecting, he wrote again offering to send them his specimens if they would identify them for him. The offer was accepted and he sent his first collection of around 1000 specimens to Kew in November that year. Henry continued to send specimens to Kew throughout his time in China and corresponded regularly with the director of the time, Mr Thiselton-Dyer. In 1888, he arranged special leave from his post to go plant collecting on behalf of Kew.
During this leave, Henry made two long journeys, one to the mountains southwest of the Yangtze and the other to the mountains in the north in the Hubei district. The main objective of these expeditions was to study the vegetables used in Chinese medicine. In addition to this, Henry also found many plants that were not known to grow in China. The areas he travelled were largely unknown to botanists and in some areas he was the western man to travel there. Although these trips were on behalf of Kew, it is unlikely that Henry was paid for his specimens. In order to recoup some of the money spent on the trips, Henry prepared several other sets of specimens which he then sold to other herbaria. In addition to these trips, Henry also was the first to employ native people as collectors on his behalf when he was not able to leave Ichang. They collected the some of the specimens that Henry sent to Kew.
In 1889, after a failed bid by Thiselton-Dyer for Henry to go collecting again, Henry was transferred to the island of Huinan. During the four months that he spent in Huinan, Henry collected 750 specimens. Henry then contracted malaria, endemic to Huinan. He was removed Hong Kong and then, after eight years in China, he returned home.
The year he spent at home was divided between Ireland and London. In London, he spent a great deal of time at Kew, staying with the Thiselton-Dyers. He also attended meetings of the Linnean Society, having become a fellow in 1888. During this year he met and married Caroline Orridge, a friend of Evelyn Gleeson and an artist. In 1891, he returned to China with Caroline. It was a difficult journey as Caroline was suffering from tuberculosis and she was taken seriously ill on the journey. Henry was based at Shanghai and was not able to go plant collecting due to his work and Caroline’s health. The Henry’s then moved to Taiwan in hopes that it would better suit Caroline. Henry took up collecting again although he was disappointed with the results. He became very interested in the native people and their use of plants. His wife health continued to suffer and in 1894, she and Henry’s sister Mary set out for Denver, Colorado to improve her health. Henry was about to leave China to join them, having arranged to sell his herbarium to Harvard, when Caroline died in September 1894.
After her death, Henry returned to Europe for a year, becoming a member of the Middle Temple. In 1895 he returned to China and was once again based at Shanghai. In May 1896 he was posted to Mengzi in South Yunnan, once of the most remote posts in China. During his time at Mengzi, he studies the local people and he began plant collecting again. His first trip into the surrounding countryside was spoilt by the weather but there were many others. Here he found lilies, magnolias and many others. When he left Mengzi, he sent off 32 cases of botanical specimens. In 1898, Henry was transferred again, this time to Simao. He was now Acting Chief Commissioner of Customs. This meant that Henry had less time to go collecting and he relied more on one of his native collectors who had been with him for many years to do the actual collecting. Henry started to learn the language of the local people, the Lolos. In 1899, he became alarmed at the rate of deforestation in the province and wrote to Mr Thiselton-Dyer and Mr Sargent at Harvard about sending out a professional collector. In the end, neither sent a collector but one was sent by James Veitch and Sons, nursery owners. This collector was E. H. Wilson, better known as Chinese Wilson. Wilson went to see Henry when he arrived in China to learn about plant collecting in China. About the time he arrived, Henry was moved back to Mengzi again and they went their separate ways, Wilson taking Henry’s plant specimens to send back to Europe when he reached the coast.
The political situation in China, which had been unsettled for many years, now became increasing dangerous. Henry became worried by this and almost resigned in 1900. This was now the time of the Boxer rebellion and later that year he had to abandon his post at Mengzi and go to Hekou. There he remained for several months. At the end of December 1900, he left China, officially on leave but in reality having resigned. He returned to London via Sri Lanka where his sister Mary was then living. Much of the next year was spent at Kew working on the collections he had sent back from China. He was now a well known plant collector and it seems that it was at this time that he became particularly interested in forestry.
In 1902, when there was no longer any question of him returning to China, Henry began to study forestry at the premier forestry school in Europe, at Nancy in France. He struggled during his time at Nancy, disliking the teaching methods and finding the French language hard to master. He was also much older than his fellow pupils which may have caused him disquiet. After a time, Henry began to wish for a job back in Ireland but none was forthcoming. He left Nancy before the end of the course and he then co-authored The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland with H. J. Elwes. This huge work, eventually published in seven volumes, took several years to complete and Henry travelled all over the country to collect information. Once it was completed, he was without a set purpose and entered into the social whirl of London in the early twentieth century. In 1907 he became engaged to Alice Brunton who became his second wife on St Patrick’s day, 1908. Henry also became professor of forestry at the new Forestry school at Cambridge University. In 1913, Henry got the position that he had always wanted when he was appointed to the newly created chair of forestry at the College of Science in Dublin. He continued at the college until his death in 1930 after a short illness.
Stacey was appointed to be chief instructor at the Regent Street Polytechnic School of Hairdressing in 1939, having previously been in charge of the hairdressing department at Harrods. Leslie Henry was a pupil at the School from 1938-41. He later became head of hairdressing at Brighton Technical College.
Hairdressing was one of four trade and technical schools at the Polytechnic which were amalgamated in 1929 to become the Craft Schools. They provided general education and specialist trade instruction for boys from 14-17. The Schools also had large evening departments. There were usually about 350 day boys, and in September 1939 about half that number were evacuated to the village of Winscombe in Somerset. A garage was converted into a ladies hairdressing saloon. In 1942, Hairdressing was one of two Schools allowed to make an early return to London. Changes after the War, including the implementation of the 1944 Education Act, meant that the Craft Schools were unable to continue as before, and in 1952 the London County Council moved the Senior School of Hairdressing to Barrett Street Technical College (one of the predecessor bodies of London College of Fashion).
Henslow entered the dockyard service as a shipwright apprentice to Sir Thomas Slade (d 1771). After a period at the Navy Office as a draughtsman, he moved quickly up the service as Master Boat Builder at Woolwich, 1762 to 1764, Purveyor of Chatham Yard, 1764 to 1765, and Master Caulker of Portsmouth, 1765 to 1767. In 1767 he was Second Assistant to the Master shipwright at Portsmouth and in 1771 was the Assistant to the Surveyor of the Navy. He was Master Shipwright at Plymouth, 1775 to 1784 In 1785 he was appointed Surveyor of the Navy, which post he held until 1806.
John Hepburn was a student at University College London during the session 1846-1847.
Kathe Cahn-Hepner and Mrs Jacobs-Hepner, the depositors of this collection, are the daughters of Fritz and Leonie Cahn, German Jews who spent the war years in Switzerland. The depositors provided brief notes about most of the correspondents, many of whom perished in the Holocaust.
Alan Herbert retired in 1997 after a career in pensions in the brewing, food and oil industries spanning 37 years, including periods at Associated British Foods and BP. He sat on the panel of judges for the Pensions Management Awards in 2000 (having won its Pensions Manager of the Year Award in 1996) and the Professional Pensions Awards in 2007.
Herbert was also a member of the Trustee Code of Conduct Group, established in 2001 by Brian Holden of Co-operative Insurance Society Limited to develop a code of conduct for lay trustees, who were subject to increased requirements from the Pensions Act 1995. The Code of Conduct was launched in June 2002.
He established The Pensions Archive Trust in 2002, and continues to act as PAT's chairman. He was also a non-executive director of Dunnett Shaw & Partners Limited between 2000 and 2005, and was involved in Dunnett Shaw's Raising Standards in Pensions Administration initiative.
Julia Ashbourne Herbert was born at Brighton on 26 Mar 1881, the daughter of F A Herbert. She trained as a nurse at King's College Hospital, and in 1912, joined the Territorial Force Nursing Service (TFNS). At the outbreak of World War One, Herbert was employed at the Royal Free Hospital, Gray's Inn Rd, London. In August 1914, she joined her TFNS unit - the 4th Northern General Hospital, Lincoln, where she worked until Mar 1917.
In 1917 Herbert volunteered for service in the field and was posted to the No.35 General Hospital at Calais, France, from Mar 1917-Aug 1918, then to the No1 Casualty Clearing Station near Arras and Mons, until demobilised, Mar 1919.
Herbert was mentioned in despatches, 7 Nov 1917, and awarded the Military Medal for conspicuous devotion to duty after being wounded in the head by an aerial bomb. She received three blue service chevrons, and the British War Medal, 1914-1919; and The Victory Medal with oak leaf emblem.
Herbert later joined the Society of St Margaret, East Grinstead, a Church of England religious community, where she was known as Sister Julian.
William Herbert was an antiquarian writer and Librarian of the Guildhall from 1828 to 1845. He published the History of the twelve great livery companies, (London, 1837), Antiquities of the Inns of Court and Chancery, (Vernor and Hood, London, 1804), and similar works.
William Herbert was the first librarian of Guildhall Library, 1828-45.
In 1867 Herbert Chappell founded a firm of tailors, H. Chappell, at 81 Bishopsgate Street. Chappell was originally from Woodbridge, Suffolk, where his father was also a tailor. In 1892 the business moved to 50 Gresham Street, where it remained until it was sold in 1964. In 1923 the name of the business became Herbert Chappell Limited. Further information on the history of the company can be found in CLC/B/114/MS35214.
Herbert Stebbings and Sons Limited, beer, wine and spirits merchants, of 149 High Street, Lowestoft, was established in 1777. It was incorporated in 1903; and acquired by Courage, Barclay and Simonds in 1969.
Entered the navy in 1851 and later employed as Midshipman to the 120 gun vessel, TRAFALGAR, taking part in the bombardment of Sevastopol, October 1854. Served in China during 1857-8 in various parts of the Canton River at the action of Falshan and landed with the Naval Brigade at the taking of the Canton. Hereford was appointed Acting Lieutenant of the NANKIN on 22 August 1858 at Hong Kong, later being appointed Lieutenant of the VICTORIOUS on 26 April 1859 and the EXCELLENT on 5 May 1859. Appointed to the ARROGANT for gunnery duties, Hereford was actively employed in the suppression of the slave trade on the West Coast of Africa, on various expeditions up the Rivers Gambia and Congo and near Lagos. He was then appointed commander of the BRITANNIA on 4 August 1868 and her tender the DAPPER for the instruction of Cadets from 1863-8, at which point Hereford was promoted to Commander. Served in the East Indies from November 1872 until May 1874 when he retired.
Hermes Securities Limited, incorporated 1969, was a holding company based at 165 Queen Victoria Street, City of London. Its subsidiary, Hermes Credit Corporation Limited, were investment bankers registered at the same address.
Colonel John Herschel was the son of Sir John Frederick William Herschel.
Sir William Herschel (1738-1822) was born in Hanover and came to England in 1757, where he taught music in Leeds, Halifax and Bath. He devoted himself to the study of mathematics and astronomy, built his own telescope in c.1773, and with it discovered the planet Uranus in 1781 (which he named 'Georgium Sidus' in honour of George III). He was appointed private astronomer to George III in 1782 and knighted in 1816, and is regarded as the virtual founder of sidereal science.
John Frederick William Herschel was born on 7 March 1792, only child of William Herschel and Mary Baldwin Pitt, widow of a prosperous merchant. After Eton and Dr Gretton's private school at Hitcham and private tutoring in mathematics, Herschel entered St. John's College, University of Cambridge, in 1809, where his exceptional abilities were revealed. He became founding member and first president of the Analytical Society to promote study of continental mathematics at Cambridge. Other members were Charles Babbage (1792-1871), George Peacock (1791-1858) and William Whewell (1791-1866). In 1813 he became Senior Wrangler and First Smith's Prizeman, was elected to the Royal Society, and became a Fellow of St John's College. He planned for a career in law, entering Lincoln's Inn in 1814, but in 1815 returned to Cambridge as sub-lector, though he found instructing undergraduates not to his liking. In 1816 he began to study astronomy, and left Cambridge to continue his father's observations. By 1820 astronomy had become his chief concern in science. He founded the Astronomical Society in that year, which in 1831 became the Royal Astronomical Society, becoming its President in 1827, 1839 and 1847. He took up the observation of double stars in collaboration with James South, their first catalogue being awarded the Lalande Prize of the French Academy and a gold medal from the Astronomical Society. His most important contribution to physics in the 1820's was his article 'Light' in 1827. From 1824 to 1827 he was Secretary of the Royal Society, an ideal choice both because of his effectiveness as a correspondent and because he knew personally many leading continental scientists through trips made during the 1820's. His contribution to the philosophy of science was in the publication of his much translated Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy, which deeply influenced Charles Darwin and Willliam Whewell, and his Treatise on Astronomy in 1833, a highly successful presentation for the educated public. From 1834 to 1838 he was at the Cape of Good Hope with his family, involved in the detailed survey of the southern celestial hemisphere. In 1839 he made contributions to the development of photographic techniques, for which he was awarded the Royal Medal in 1840. He continued to make contributions to the philosophy of science, with his reviews of Whewell's publications, his role in John Stuart Mill's famous System of Logic of 1842 and his review of Adolphe Quetelet's Theory of Probabilities. Herschel also became involved in the discovery and arbitration of the controversy over the discovery of Neptune in 1846. In 1849 he published his authoritative Outlines of Astronomy, which like his earlier writings had concentrated on the two questions central to his father's researches - what is the structure of the Milky Way and what is the nature of nebulae. The great esteem in which he was held was shown by the honours and positions offered to him, including the Royal Society's Copley Medal for his Cape Results in 1847 and an obelisk erected on the site in South Africa where his telescope had stood. He was Master of the Mint from 1850 to 1854, then returned to writing, publishing Meteorology, Physical Geography and Telescope, originally as articles and then by 1861 as substantial books. During the last 6 years of his life he compiled a catalogue of all known double and multiple star systems, which appeared posthumously in 1874 with final editing by Charles Pritchard and Robert Main. Herschel died on 11 May 1871, being buried in Westminster Abbey next to the tomb of Sir Isaac Newton. He had 12 children by Margaret Brodie Stewart, whom he married in 1829. His achievements were recognised with a knighthood in 1831, raised to a baronetcy in 1838.
John Frederick William Herschel was born on 7 March 1792, only child of William Herschel and Mary Baldwin Pitt, widow of a prosperous merchant. After Eton and Dr Gretton's private school at Hitcham and private tutoring in mathematics, Herschel entered St. John's College, University of Cambridge, in 1809, where his exceptional abilities were revealed. He became founding member and first president of the Analytical Society to promote study of continental mathematics at Cambridge. Other members were Charles Babbage (1792-1871), George Peacock (1791-1858) and William Whewell (1791-1866). In 1813 he became Senior Wrangler and First Smith's Prizeman, was elected to the Royal Society, and became a Fellow of St John's College. He planned for a career in law, entering Lincoln's Inn in 1814, but in 1815 returned to Cambridge as sub-lector, though he found instructing undergraduates not to his liking. In 1816 he began to study astronomy, and left Cambridge to continue his father's observations. By 1820 astronomy had become his chief concern in science. He founded the Astronomical Society in that year, which in 1831 became the Royal Astronomical Society, becoming its President in 1827, 1839 and 1847. He took up the observation of double stars in collaboration with James South, their first catalogue being awarded the Lalande Prize of the French Academy and a gold medal from the Astronomical Society. His most important contribution to physics in the 1820's was his article 'Light' in 1827. From 1824 to 1827 he was Secretary of the Royal Society, an ideal choice both because of his effectiveness as a correspondent and because he knew personally many leading continental scientists through trips made during the 1820's. His contribution to the philosophy of science was in the publication of his much translated Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy, which deeply influenced Charles Darwin and Willliam Whewell, and his Treatise on Astronomy in 1833, a highly successful presentation for the educated public. From 1834 to 1838 he was at the Cape of Good Hope with his family, involved in the detailed survey of the southern celestial hemisphere. In 1839 he made contributions to the development of photographic techniques, for which he was awarded the Royal Medal in 1840. He continued to make contributions to the philosophy of science, with his reviews of Whewell's publications, his role in John Stuart Mill's famous System of Logic of 1842 and his review of Adolphe Quetelet's Theory of Probabilities. Herschel also became involved in the discovery and arbitration of the controversy over the discovery of Neptune in 1846. In 1849 he published his authoritative Outlines of Astronomy, which like his earlier writings had concentrated on the two questions central to his father's researches - what is the structure of the Milky Way and what is the nature of nebulae. The great esteem in which he was held was shown by the honours and positions offered to him, including the Royal Society's Copley Medal for his Cape Results in 1847 and an obelisk erected on the site in South Africa where his telescope had stood. He was Master of the Mint from 1850 to 1854, then returned to writing, publishing Meteorology, Physical Geography and Telescope, originally as articles and then by 1861 as substantial books. During the last 6 years of his life he compiled a catalogue of all known double and multiple star systems, which appeared posthumously in 1874 with final editing by Charles Pritchard and Robert Main. Herschel died on 11 May 1871, being buried in Westminster Abbey next to the tomb of Sir Isaac Newton. He had 12 children by Margaret Brodie Stewart, whom he married in 1829. His achievements were recognised with a knighthood in 1831, raised to a baronetcy in 1838.
Sir John was the son of Sir William Herschel. He was Senior Wrangler at Cambridge and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1813 for his contributions to chemistry and mathematics. Through assisting his father he came to adopt astronomy as his career and went to live at the Cape of Good Hope from 1833 to 1838, making a star survey of the southern sky. The results of this work were published in 1847. On his return to England, Herschel became an active member of several scientific societies. He was employed as Master of the Mint from 1850 to 1855 and wrote many articles for the Encyclopaedia Britannica and other general works of reference. There is a translation of Gunther Buthman's 'The shadow of the telescope. A biography of John Herschel' by B E Pagel (New York, 1970).
See sub-fonds level descriptions for individual biographies.
Sir William Herschel (1738-1822) was born in Hanover and came to England in 1757, where he taught music in Leeds, Halifax and Bath. He devoted himself to the study of mathematics and astronomy, built his own telescope in c.1773, and with it discovered the planet Uranus in 1781 (which he named 'Georgium Sidus' in honour of George III). He was appointed private astronomer to George III in 1782 and knighted in 1816, and is regarded as the virtual founder of sidereal science.
William Herschel was a self-taught astronomer who began life as an army musician in Hanover and came to England in 1758 as a refugee during the Seven Years War. In 1781 he discovered the planet Uranus and was made a Fellow of the Royal Society. George III appointed him Court Astronomer. He settled at Slough in 1786 and built a telescope which was the largest in the world until it was dismantled in 1839. In 1788 he married Mary Pitt (nee Baldwin). Among a number of biographies is Angus Armitage, William Herschel (London, 1962).
Sir William Herschel (1738-1822) was born in Hanover and came to England in 1757, where he taught music in Leeds, Halifax and Bath. He devoted himself to the study of mathematics and astronomy, built his own telescope in c 1773, and with it discovered the planet Uranus in 1781 (which he named 'Georgium Sidus' in honour of George III). He was appointed private astronomer to George III in 1782 and knighted in 1816, and is regarded as the virtual founder of sidereal science.
His sister Caroline Lucretia Herschel (1750-1848) discovered eight comets, receiving a salary from George III in 1787. She received the Astronomical Society's gold medal for her catalogue of Sir William Herschel's star clusters and nebulae, 1828, and was created an honorary member of the Society in 1835.
Sir John Frederick William Herschel (1792-1871), the son of Sir William Herschel, was a fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, and obtained his M.A. in 1816. With George Peacock (1791-1858) he translated Lacroix's Elementary Treatise on the Differential Calculus, and was elected FRS in 1813.
His son Alexander Stewart Herschel (1836-1907) was born in South Africa, and studied meteorology at the Royal School of Mines, London, 1861. He was professor of physics at Glasgow, 1866-1871 and at Durham College, Newcastle, 1871-1886. He reported on observation of meteors to the British Association, 1862-1881, observing a solar eclipse in Spain in 1905, and was elected FRS in 1884.
The Herst Leather Corporation Ltd was founded by Norbert Herst. The 1935 Post Office Directory lists Norbert Herst as a leather merchant based at 13 Market Street, SE1. By 1950 the listing has changed to N Herst Leather Corporation Ltd of 51 Weston Street, Southwark, SE1 and 3 and 4 Leather Market, SE1. Leading Leathers Ltd and Avondale Tannery were both incorporated by the Herst Leather Corporation in the 1950's.
Joseph Hermann Hertz was born in Slovakia in 1872. In 1844 he moved to the United States where he was educated and was one of the first graduates of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Between 1894 and 1896 he was Rabbi of the Congregation Adath Jeshurun at Syracuse, New York. In the late 1890s he moved to South Africa to work as a rabbi in Johannesburg and later served as Professor of Philosophy at Transvaal University College. Joseph Hertz was expelled from the country during the Boer War after he denounced Boer conduct towards the Uitlanders and also called for political emancipation of Jews. From 1911 to 1913 he again worked in New York, this time as Rabbi of the Orah Hayyim Congregation. In 1913 he was elected Chief Rabbi in Britian.
The Jewish Chronicle on the occasion of Hertz's death in 1946, described the Chief Rabbi as "Jewry's Fighter-Scholar": two world wars, the rise of fascism in Europe, the holocaust and the growth of Zionist activity dominated his period of office. Hertz was a fervent and vocal Zionist at a time when many Jewish leaders were not, often coming into conflict with other Anglo-Jewish leaders. In 1917 he wrote to the Times to protest against the attempts of the Presidents of the Board of Deputies of British Jews and the Anglo-Jewish Association to "strangle the Balfour Declaration before its birth". In 1945 Hertz declared, in a telegram to ministers that the 6 October (a Jewish Sabbath) was to be a day of solidarity with the remaining European Jews and stated that British Jews looked to the British Government to provide Jews with a haven of refuge (Palestine). The Honorary Officers of the United Synagogue were opposed to what they regarded as the introduction of politics into a religious service and wrote to all United Syngogue ministers to warn them against the Chief Rabbi's words. The sharp dispute within the community was unresolved at the time of the Chief Rabbi's death a few months later. The episode typified his periodically fraught relationship with prominent communal leaders, in particular with Sir Robert Waley Cohen (President of the United Syngogue for much of his term of office). The historian Cecil Roth remarked "Hertz was greatly in favour of a peaceful solution to disputes, but only after he had exhausted every other possibility first".
Chief Rabbi Hertz was opposed to the Liberal Jewish movement in Britian and roundly rebuked its adherents. In 1927 he published Affirmations of Judaism, a volume of sermons including severe criticisms of the movement. In 1934 Hertz attended the opening ceremony of the Reform Syngogue's new communal hall and later lectured there. He was a notable Jewish scholar whose publications included his widely used annotated edition of the Pentateuch and his book of Jewish Thoughts.
Joseph Hertz championed the oppressed Jews in Russia, eastern Europe and Nazi Germany; in 1913 he denounced the Russian government at the International Congress for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic. Later in his term of office he organised support for German refugees in the form of the Chief Rabbi's Religious Emergency Council and encouraged rescue operations.
In 1920-21 Joseph Hertz carried out the first pastoral tour of Jewish communities in the British Empire. Following his Dominions tour in 1921-22 the designation "Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the British Empire" was drawn up as part of the attempt to provide a central focus for Jews in the British Empire.
Joseph Hertz died on 14 January 1946.
Edith Herzer was born in Berlin in 1912 and emigrated to Great Britain in October 1938. Edith worked at a succession of house keeping jobs in London, then as a nursery nurse and finally as an office worker at Pearl Life Assurance, Holborn, from 1953.
The family owned property in Potsdam-Babelsberg (which was eventually appropriated by the East German government, having been used for delegates to the Potsdam Conference in June 1945); and at Neue Jakobstr. 14, Berlin. Property compensation claims had to be made through the Foreign Compensation Commission, the authority established by the DDR regime to handle claims made by those who suffered under the Nazis [see 1234/73 for correspondence and forms].
Charles W. Marten and Edward Heseltine began trading together as stock and share brokers under the name Marten and Heseltine in 1848 at 9 Finch Lane, Cornhill.
In 1852 Thomas W Powell joined the business and its name was listed in the London Directories from that year as Marten and Powell (1852 only) and Heseltine, Powell (1852-1866). In 1867 its style changed to Heseltine, Powell and Company and remained as such for the next 110 years.
In 1977 the name of the business changed to Heseltine, Moss and Company and in 1987 they became members of Brown Shipley Stockbroking Limited.
Edward Heseltine and Thomas Powell were particularly interested in the shares and bonds of the developing American railroads and, in letters to the Stock Exchange in 1908, the company claimed that it was their encouragement of investors which had stimulated interest in the American market and helped to create the arbitrage business.
The firm remained at Finch Lane until 1856, but thereafter made several moves, to Spread Eagle Court, 3 Threadneedle Street (1856-60)); 2 Royal Exchange Buildings (1861-6); 6A Austin Friars (1867-78); 1 Drapers Gardens, Throgmorton Street (1879-1962); 3/4Trump Street (1963-86); and 10 Foster Lane (1987- ).
Eleanor Hess was born in Munich on 20 December 1923 into a middle class Jewish family. Her father, Julius, was a cavalry officer in the First World War. He died in 1932. Eleanor came to Great Britain with her mother, Trude, in 1939. Her brother, Herbert, emigrated to Brazil where he spent the rest of his life. For a brief period Eleanor went to live with her brother in the early 1950s. She died in London c1999.
Sergius Hessen (1887-1950), philosopher and educationalist, was born in Ust Sysol'sk, Northern Russia. He studied at German universities before returning to Russia to became a lecturer at St Petersburg and Tomsk Universities. In 1922 Hessen left Russia to live first in Czechoslovakia and after 1935 in Poland where he lectured on education at Warsaw University. During the Second World War he was one of the professors who established a clandestine university during German occupation. After 1945 he was Professor of Education at Lodz University. Ref: "Slavonic and East European Review" vol 29, no 72, 1950, pp 296-298