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The City of London was divided into wards for the purpose of government as early as Norman times. The wards had responsibility to keep the peace, supervise trade and oversee sanitation, and each ward has the right to elect an Alderman and Commoners to sit in the Court of Common Council.

One of the twenty-six wards of the City of London, bounded on the north by Cripplegate and Farringdon Within wards, on the south by Queenhithe, the west by Castle Baynard and the east by Cordwainer wards. The ward contained four City parish churches: All Hallows Bread Street, St Mildred Bread Street, St John the Evangelist Friday Street, and St Margaret Moses.

The City of London was divided into wards for the purpose of government as early as Norman times. The wards had responsibility to keep the peace, supervise trade and oversee sanitation, and each ward has the right to elect an Alderman and Commoners to sit in the Court of Common Council.

One of the twenty-six wards of the City of London, bounded on the north and east by Bishopsgate Ward, on the north and west by Coleman Street and Cheap wards and on the South by Walbrook and Cornhill wards. The ward contained six City parish churches: All Hallows London Wall, St Benet Fink, St Peter le Poer, St Bartholomew by the Exchange, St Christopher le Stocks and St Martin Outwich.

The City of London was divided into wards for the purpose of government as early as Norman times. The wards had responsibility to keep the peace, supervise trade and oversee sanitation, and each ward has the right to elect an Alderman and Commoners to sit in the Court of Common Council.

One of the twenty-six wards of the City of London, lying at the north of the City and being within and without the City wall; see also records specifically of Cripplegate Without Ward (CLC/W/HI). The ward contained seven City parish churches: St Mary Aldermanbury, St Alban Wood Street, St Olave Silver Street, St Alphage London Wall, St Michael Wood Street, St Giles Cripplegate and St Mary Magdalen Milk Street.

The City of London was divided into wards for the purpose of government as early as Norman times. The wards had responsibility to keep the peace, supervise trade and oversee sanitation, and each ward has the right to elect an Alderman and Commoners to sit in the Court of Common Council.

Queenhithe ward is situated on the riverside, bounded on the north by Bread Street and Cordwainer wards, east by Vintry Ward, west by Castle Baynard and south by the River Thames. The ward contained six City parish churches: St Michael Queenhithe, St Mary Somerset, St Mary Mounthaw, St Nicholas Cole Abbey, St Nicholas Olave and Holy Trinity the Less.

The City of London was divided into wards for the purpose of government as early as Norman times. The wards had responsibility to keep the peace, supervise trade and oversee sanitation, and each ward has the right to elect an Alderman and Commoners to sit in the Court of Common Council.

The coronership is an ancient county office concerned originally with pleas of the crown within the county. By 1689 the Coroner's duties had been reduced to the holding of inquests in cases of death under circumstances of suspicion and committing to trial persons against whom verdicts of murder or manslaughter had been returned by the inquest jury. Coroners were also empowered to hold inquests over 'treasure trove' and wrecks.

Under an Act of 1752 (26 Geo II c29) coroners were paid 20/- for every inquisition held and 9d for every mile travelled to view a body. These fees were paid out of the County rates by order of the justices. Coroners returned accounts of inquests held, usually in the form of a list, giving also the mileage travelled and total sum due, which were approved for payment, in Middlesex, by an Accounts Committee. Sometimes inquisitions and witnesses' depositions were returned instead of or in addition to the account.

Coroners were elected by county freeholders (except in certain liberties) and held the office for life. By the Local Government Act 1888 the power to appoint Coroners was transferred to the new County Councils.

Counties were usually divided into districts with a Coroner assigned to each. Sometimes, however, Coroners did act in the district of another Coroner. Coroner's districts changed in size and extent over time, often due to increased population and changes in local government boundaries.

Middlesex: From the 18th century the ancient county of Middlesex was divided into two main Coroner's districts - the Western and the Eastern. There were in addition two liberties having their own Coroner: the City and Liberty of Westminster, and the Liberty of the Duchy of Lancaster.

In 1862 a new district was formed, the Central District, by taking 23 parishes and liberties from the Western District. The Western District was further reduced in size in 1892, losing four parishes to the new County of London, and again in 1915 when six parishes were transferred to the Central District.

This Central District formed in 1862 was greatly reduced in size in 1892 by the transfer of most of its area to the new County of London. The situation was partly reversed in 1915 when it received six parishes from the Western District of Middlesex. The Central District vanished entirely in 1926 when it was amalgamated with the Eastern District of Middlesex.

The Eastern District of Middlesex remained intact until 1888 when it was divided into two separate districts - the South Eastern and the North Eastern Districts. Very shortly afterwards, in 1892, both districts were transferred to the new County of London, apart from the parishes of Wood Green and Tottenham. These were then formed into a new Eastern District of Middlesex which absorbed the Central District in 1926.

The City and Liberty of Westminster was a franchise Coroner's District and remained separate with its own Coroner until 1930, when it was merged with the Central District of the County of London.

The Liberty of the Duchy of Lancaster was likewise a franchise Coroner's District with two parts in Middlesex: the Liberty of the Savoy, and Edmonton with Enfield. In 1889 the Liberty of the Savoy was transferred to the County of London where it joined the Duchy of Lancaster (Clapham) remaining as a franchise district until 1930 when Clapham was merged with the Southern District of the County of London, and the Savoy with Westminster in the Central District. The Edmonton and Enfield part of the Duchy of Lancaster in Middlesex remained separate until 1932 when it was merged with the Eastern District of Middlesex.

London: The County of London was formed in 1889. At first there was no change to the existing Middlesex Coroners Districts now included, in part, within the new County. However, in 1892 the County was finally divided into districts which took in the former Middlesex parishes plus some from the former counties of Surrey and Kent. The new districts were: Eastern; Western; South Western; North Eastern; Central; Southern; Penge; South Eastern; and four franchise districts: Westminster; Duchy of Lancaster (Savoy/Clapham); Tower Liberty and Borough of Southwark.

In 1894 there were minor boundary changes to the Eastern, North Eastern and Central Districts. In 1900 Penge was transferred to Kent. 1912 saw further boundary changes between districts.

In 1930 the districts were reduced to six: Western; Eastern; Southern; Central; Northern; South Eastern; plus Southwark and Tower Liberty. In 1940 this was reduced to five, absorbing the franchise districts: Western; Northern; Eastern; South Western and South Eastern. In 1943 four districts were formed: Western, Southern; Eastern; Northern. These were reduced in 1956 to Western, Northern, Southern.

For a guide on how to use Coroners' Records and information about access to confidential records please see the hard copy guide in the Information Area or consult a member of staff.

The Duchy of Lancaster comprised areas in Middlesex, Surrey and Hertfordshire as well as the Precinct of Savoy.

The coronership is an ancient county office concerned originally with pleas of the crown within the county. By 1689 the Coroner's duties had been reduced to the holding of inquests in cases of death under circumstances of suspicion and committing to trial persons against whom verdicts of murder or manslaughter had been returned by the inquest jury. Coroners were also empowered to hold inquests over 'treasure trove' and wrecks.

Under an Act of 1752 (26 Geo II c29) coroners were paid 20/- for every inquisition held and 9d for every mile travelled to view a body. These fees were paid out of the County rates by order of the justices. Coroners returned accounts of inquests held, usually in the form of a list, giving also the mileage travelled and total sum due, which were approved for payment, in Middlesex, by an Accounts Committee. Sometimes inquisitions and witnesses' depositions were returned instead of or in addition to the account.

Coroners were elected by county freeholders (except in certain liberties) and held the office for life. By the Local Government Act 1888 the power to appoint Coroners was transferred to the new County Councils.

Counties were usually divided into districts with a Coroner assigned to each. Sometimes, however, Coroners did act in the district of another Coroner. Coroner's districts changed in size and extent over time, often due to increased population and changes in local government boundaries.

Middlesex: From the 18th century the ancient county of Middlesex was divided into two main Coroner's districts - the Western and the Eastern. There were in addition two liberties having their own Coroner: the City and Liberty of Westminster, and the Liberty of the Duchy of Lancaster.

In 1862 a new district was formed, the Central District, by taking 23 parishes and liberties from the Western District. The Western District was further reduced in size in 1892, losing four parishes to the new County of London, and again in 1915 when six parishes were transferred to the Central District.

This Central District formed in 1862 was greatly reduced in size in 1892 by the transfer of most of its area to the new County of London. The situation was partly reversed in 1915 when it received six parishes from the Western District of Middlesex. The Central District vanished entirely in 1926 when it was amalgamated with the Eastern District of Middlesex.

The Eastern District of Middlesex remained intact until 1888 when it was divided into two separate districts - the South Eastern and the North Eastern Districts. Very shortly afterwards, in 1892, both districts were transferred to the new County of London, apart from the parishes of Wood Green and Tottenham. These were then formed into a new Eastern District of Middlesex which absorbed the Central District in 1926.

The City and Liberty of Westminster was a franchise Coroner's District and remained separate with its own Coroner until 1930, when it was merged with the Central District of the County of London.

The Liberty of the Duchy of Lancaster was likewise a franchise Coroner's District with two parts in Middlesex: the Liberty of the Savoy, and Edmonton with Enfield. In 1889 the Liberty of the Savoy was transferred to the County of London where it joined the Duchy of Lancaster (Clapham) remaining as a franchise district until 1930 when Clapham was merged with the Southern District of the County of London, and the Savoy with Westminster in the Central District. The Edmonton and Enfield part of the Duchy of Lancaster in Middlesex remained separate until 1932 when it was merged with the Eastern District of Middlesex.

London: The County of London was formed in 1889. At first there was no change to the existing Middlesex Coroners Districts now included, in part, within the new County. However, in 1892 the County was finally divided into districts which took in the former Middlesex parishes plus some from the former counties of Surrey and Kent. The new districts were: Eastern; Western; South Western; North Eastern; Central; Southern; Penge; South Eastern; and four franchise districts: Westminster; Duchy of Lancaster (Savoy/Clapham); Tower Liberty and Borough of Southwark.

In 1894 there were minor boundary changes to the Eastern, North Eastern and Central Districts. In 1900 Penge was transferred to Kent. 1912 saw further boundary changes between districts.

In 1930 the districts were reduced to six: Western; Eastern; Southern; Central; Northern; South Eastern; plus Southwark and Tower Liberty. In 1940 this was reduced to five, absorbing the franchise districts: Western; Northern; Eastern; South Western and South Eastern. In 1943 four districts were formed: Western, Southern; Eastern; Northern. These were reduced in 1956 to Western, Northern, Southern.

For a guide on how to use Coroners' Records and information about access to confidential records please see the hard copy guide in the Information Area or consult a member of staff.

The Greater London Inner North District Coroner's Court was situated at Saint Pancras Coroner's Court, Camley Street, NW1. The jurisdiction of the court covered the boroughs of Camden, Hackney, Islington and Tower Hamlets.

The coronership is an ancient county office concerned originally with pleas of the crown within the county. By 1689 the Coroner's duties had been reduced to the holding of inquests in cases of death under circumstances of suspicion and committing to trial persons against whom verdicts of murder or manslaughter had been returned by the inquest jury. Coroners were also empowered to hold inquests over 'treasure trove' and wrecks.

Under an Act of 1752 (26 Geo II c29) coroners were paid 20/- for every inquisition held and 9d for every mile travelled to view a body. These fees were paid out of the County rates by order of the justices. Coroners returned accounts of inquests held, usually in the form of a list, giving also the mileage travelled and total sum due, which were approved for payment, in Middlesex, by an Accounts Committee. Sometimes inquisitions and witnesses' depositions were returned instead of or in addition to the account.

Coroners were elected by county freeholders (except in certain liberties) and held the office for life. By the Local Government Act 1888 the power to appoint Coroners was transferred to the new County Councils.

Counties were usually divided into districts with a Coroner assigned to each. Sometimes, however, Coroners did act in the district of another Coroner. Coroner's districts changed in size and extent over time, often due to increased population and changes in local government boundaries.

For a guide on how to use Coroners' Records and information about access to confidential records please see the hard copy guide in the Information Area or consult a member of staff.

The Greater London Inner South Coroner's Court District was based at Southwark Coroner's Court, Tennis Street, SE1. The jurisdiction of the court covered the boroughs of Greenwich, Lambeth, Lewisham and Southwark.

The coronership is an ancient county office concerned originally with pleas of the crown within the county. By 1689 the Coroner's duties had been reduced to the holding of inquests in cases of death under circumstances of suspicion and committing to trial persons against whom verdicts of murder or manslaughter had been returned by the inquest jury. Coroners were also empowered to hold inquests over 'treasure trove' and wrecks.

Under an Act of 1752 (26 Geo II c29) coroners were paid 20/- for every inquisition held and 9d for every mile travelled to view a body. These fees were paid out of the County rates by order of the justices. Coroners returned accounts of inquests held, usually in the form of a list, giving also the mileage travelled and total sum due, which were approved for payment, in Middlesex, by an Accounts Committee. Sometimes inquisitions and witnesses' depositions were returned instead of or in addition to the account.

Coroners were elected by county freeholders (except in certain liberties) and held the office for life. By the Local Government Act 1888 the power to appoint Coroners was transferred to the new County Councils.

Counties were usually divided into districts with a Coroner assigned to each. Sometimes, however, Coroners did act in the district of another Coroner. Coroner's districts changed in size and extent over time, often due to increased population and changes in local government boundaries.

For a guide on how to use Coroners' Records and information about access to confidential records please see the hard copy guide in the Information Area or consult a member of staff.

The PRINCESS ALICE was a paddle steamer owned by the London Steamboat Company. On September 3 1878 she was on the return leg of a routine trip from London Bridge to Gravesend. At 7:40 pm she was in sight of North Woolwich Pier, off Tripcock Point, Plumstead Marshes. The steamship BYWELL CASTLE, a cargo ship which usually took coals to Africa and was on its way to collect a fresh cargo, was also in this area. The Captain of the BYWELL CASTLE was following traditional navigation rules rather than an 1872 ruling that oncoming vessels should be passed on the port side. The captains of both ships realised there was a problem and attempted to change course, however, their course changes only brought them closer and the ships collided. The PRINCESS ALICE was much smaller than the BYWELL CASTLE and was split in two by the collision, sinking in just 4 minutes. Passengers were either trapped on the ship or thrown into the river. Around 600 people died, many of whom were never identified and were buried in a mass grave in Woolwich Old Cemetery.

The Hammersmith Literary and Scientific Society was founded in November 1887. Meetings were held in the Vestry Hall Broadway. Its first President was Major General Goldsworth.

This circuit was formed in 1936 by an amalgamation of Walham Green Church from the Chelsea (ex-Wesleyan) Circuit with the Fulham (ex-United Methodist) Circuit, which included Walham Grove Church, Munster Road Church, Bethel Chapel and Ebenezer Chapel. Munster Road transferred to the Chiswick and Munster Park Circuit in 1943; Ebenezer and Bethel were closed following war damage during the Second World War. Walham Green Church was condemned as unsafe and closed in 1965. It was resolved that the congregations at Walham Green and Walham Grove should unite to form the Fulham Central Methodist Church, which would meet at Walham Grove until new premises were ready. Fulham Central Methodist Church was opened in June 1971.

The Hammersmith Bridge Company was established by Act of Parliament in 1824 (before the introduction of the principle of the limited company). The Bridge, designed by William Tierney Clark (or Clarke), was completed in 1827. A second Act, amending some sections of the first, was obtained in 1828 Land was compulsorily acquired in accordance with the provisions of the Acts for making the approach roads, which included Hammersmith Bridge Road and what is now Castelnau in Barnes. A special clause in the first Act meant that whole of the Barn Elms Estate had to be purchased. Most of the surplus land in Barnes and Hammersmith was subsequently sold; but some properties were retained and let to tenants.

The Company's income came largely from tolls on users of the Bridge and the roads in Barnes. Tolls were not charged on users of Hammersmith Bridge Road. A floating steamboat pier was later built to increase profits, attached to the downstream side of the Surrey suspension pier. In 1880 the Bridge and pier were purchased by the Metropolitan Board of Works, under the terms of the Metropolis Toll Bridges Act. The Company's roads were transferred to the local authorities, its properties were sold , and it was wound up. The Bridge was at once freed from tolls and was replaced by the present bridge a few years later.

The first meeting to propose the foundation of Fulham Palace Road Congregational Church was held in Kensington in September 1902. Work began on the church hall on the corner of Harbord Street and Fulham Palace Road in 1904 and was completed the following year. Services were held there until the church itself was completed in 1908. The church became the Fulham Palace Road United Reformed Church in October 1972, and in January 1984 joined with the Wandsworth Bridge United Reformed Church to form the Fulham United Reformed Church. This used the existing church building on Fulham Palace Road until that was demolished in the summer of 1986 to make way for a new church building on the same site.

Munster Park Wesleyan Church was founded in 1880. In 1932, following a vote taken at a meeting of the United Methodist Church, it changed its name to Munster Park Methodist Church. For many years it was highly attended, and became a centre of community life in Hammersmith, hosting meetings of the Munster Park Wesley Guild, the Munster Park Cycling Club and the 6th Fulham Girl Guides among others. During the Second World War, the roof of Munster Park Church suffered severe bomb damage, and the congregation was temporarily transferred to the Methodist church at Munster Road. The Munster Park church organ was rescued and rebuilt in the 1950s, when the church re-opened for worship.

As the years progressed, however, the congregation dwindled, and Munster Park Church became too large to serve the Methodist community's needs and too costly to maintain. In the late 1960s, the community took the decision to sell the old church and much of the land, and to convert the existing assembly halls into a new church. The sale was completed in 1971, and the new church opened for worship in 1972. It continued to provide a venue for community groups, and in subsequent decades other local church communities also used the premises for worship. At the same time, the Methodist congregation at Munster Park became involved in an ecumenical project at St. Barnabas Anglican Church in Kensington. The Anglican-Methodist Experiment, as it became known, began in 1966 and was formalised in 1969. In the 1980s, however, the Anglican community was considerably increased by the closure of nearby Anglican churches, while the cost of maintaining St. Barnabas placed a greater strain on Anglican finances. The Methodist community consequently felt under-represented at St. Barnabas, and began to question the feasibility of the Experiment. In 1985, the Anglican and Methodist communities jointly decided to terminate the project.

Munster Park Methodist Church saw a severe decline in attendance throughout the 1980s. The Hammersmith and Fulham Methodist Circuit, taking into account Munster Park's ageing congregation and lack of religious engagement with the local community, decided to close the church, and in 1995 Munster Park's remaining assets were sold.

The permanent buildings of a new London County Council Board School in Langford Road were opened officially in June 1890 providing accommodation for 1,000 children in the Sands End are of Fulham. At the outbreak of the Second World War the school was evacuated to Cambridge. On the children's return Langford Road School became an emergency school from 19 May 1941 to 6 April 1950. It was renamed Langford Primary School by 1965.

The parish of South Mimms was the most northerly parish in Middlesex, and its borders formed the county borders. It was around 6,386 acres in size and was surrounded by Northaw, North Mimms, Ridge, Chipping Barnet, Enfield, and Monken Hadley. The parish included the modern areas of Potters Bar and High Barnet.

The first mention of churchwardens is found in 1580. Churchwardens were elected by the vicar and the Vestry. Vestry meetings appear to have been held infrequently until 1812, when they were held eighteen times a year until 1834, when they dropped to four or five times a year. Meetings were held in local inns until 1804 when they were held either at the church or the workhouse. From 1724 two overseers of the poor were elected, in 1801 a parish doctor was appointed, and a beadle was employed from 1812. Vagrancy was a problem in the area and there was a high demand for outdoor relief. In 1724 a workhouse was established in Blackhorse Lane. A surveyor of highways is first mentioned in 1752, although a salaried surveyor responsible for the whole parish was not employed until 1793. The parish joined Barnet Poor Law Union in 1835.

A church in South Mimms is first mentioned in 1140. The present church of Saint Giles dates to the thirteenth century, with fourteenth and sixteenth century extensions and restorations dating to the 1870s.

A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5: Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham (1976).

In 1841 the parish of Great Stanmore was 1,441 acres in size, bounded to the north by Bushey Heath, to the east by the border of Hertfordshire, and to the south and west by Harrow.

A parish clerk was appointed from 1508 while churchwardens were first mentioned in 1580. The Vestry met on average 3 or 4 times a year, usually in the Queen's Head public house but subsequently at the church, workhouse or schoolroom. Parish officials appointed by the Vestry included overseers of the poor, surveyors of highways, a beadle, organist and sexton. The Vestry regulated the parish charities and provided poor relief in the provision of money, clothes, food and coal, management of two parish houses and the workhouse, and the provision of a medical officer and free vaccinations. The Vestry also appointed night watchmen and purchased fire-engines.

The advowson of the parish church was held by the abbot of Saint Albans in 1119. After the Reformation it passed to the owners of the manor until 1742 when the advowson was left to trustees and thus separated from the manor. Glebe lands attached to the living measured 32 acres in 1680, but this was steadily reduced, measuring 2 acres in 1940.

From around 1300 until 1632 the parish church stood on what became the corner of Old Church Lane and Wolverton Road. In 1632 a new church was constructed and dedicated to Saint John the Evangelist. This church became too small and its ruins stand in the churchyard of its replacement, built in 1849.

Source of information: A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5: Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham (1976), pp. 102-107. Available online.

The parish of Tottenham measured 4,680 acres in 1831. It was divided by a Roman road known as High Road which ran north to south through the parish and around which most of the early settlement was situated. The parish of Tottenham also included Wood Green and Harringay. The parish was bordered to the east by the river Lea and Essex; to the north by Edmonton, to the west by Friern Barnet and Hornsey, and to the south by Hornsey, Stoke Newington and Hackney.

The parish church of Tottenham is first mentioned in 1134, when it was granted to the canons of Holy Trinity, Aldgate. A vicarage was endowed by the Bishop of London in 1198, and the position of vicar was usually held by the prior of Holy Trinity. After the Reformation the advowson was granted to the chapter of Saint Paul's. The parish church of All Hallows is situated on Church Lane. The building has been altered and extended many times since the 15th century.

Source of information: A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5: Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham (1976), pp. 307-309 and 348-355. Available online.

A church is recorded in Ickenham by the middle of the 13th century. From 1334 the advowson was usually held by the lord of Ickenham manor, until 1923 when it was transferred to Eton College who still held it in 1961. The church of Saint Giles is situated in what was the centre of the old village. The church was built in the late 14th century but has had several extensions and alterations since then, including a restoration in the 1870s. The church contains monuments of the lords of the manor. The church hall, in Ickenham High Road to the north of the churchyard, was built in 1932.

From: 'Ickenham: Church', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 4: Harmondsworth, Hayes, Norwood with Southall, Hillingdon with Uxbridge, Ickenham, Northolt, Perivale, Ruislip, Edgware, Harrow with Pinner (1971), pp. 106-108. Available online.

The parish of Saint Paul's, New Southgate, was formed in 1873 when the chapel of Saint Paul was assigned part of Friern Barnet parish east of the Great Northern Railway line. The parish has been united with St Michael's, Brunswick Park. St Paul's remains the parish church for the united parish.

The church at Finchley was first mentioned in 1274 although it was probably founded earlier. The benefice is a rectory in the patronage of the Bishop of London. The church was dedicated to Saint Mary from 1356. The oldest parts of the existing building date to the late 15th century, although the church building has several later extensions and additions. Saint Mary's has several daughter churches, founded from 1832 onwards.

From: 'Finchley: Churches', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 6: Friern Barnet, Finchley, Hornsey with Highgate (1980), pp. 82-86. Available online.

St Peter's Church, Laleham Road, Staines, was founded in 1873 by the vicar of St Mary's, Staines as a mission chapel. It was first called St Peter's Mission Chapel. A temporary 'iron church' was built circa 1885 and a permanent parish church consecrated in 1894.

St John's Chapel, Uxbridge Moor, was built as a chapel within the parish of Hillingdon in 1838. It was dedicated and consecrated in August 1838. An ecclesiastical district was assigned to the chapel in February 1842.

The church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul was founded in 1865 as a chapel of ease to the main Teddington parish church, Saint Mary's. The vicar of Saint Mary's is the patron of the church. The construction was not finished until 1873 although the tower and spire were never built. The chapel became an independent church in 1880 and had a parish assigned. This was made smaller in 1914 when Saint Michael and Saint George's parish was created.

From: 'Teddington: Churches', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 76-79. Available online.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

If a person died intestate (without a valid will) their money, goods and possessions passed to their next of kin through an administration (or letters of administration) which had the same form in law as a will.

Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

The school and library were founded by Archbishop Tenison in 1697, and were housed in Castle Street, Saint Martin in the Fields. After moving to various temporary premises in Castle Street in 1871, the school occupied its new building in Leicester Square in 1872. The school at Kennington Oval was opened officially in 1928.

The War Refugees Committee was a voluntary body set up about August 1914 to deal with refugees fleeing from the threat of the German armies in Europe, many of them from Belgium. The Committee arranged for them to be met at ports and stations, found temporary hostels for them and tried also to find work for them.

In September 1914 the Committee came to an agreement with the Local Government Board whereby the LGB took over much of the work, and the Treasury much of the funding, while the Committee, with local voluntary committees, continued to look after the allocation of refugees to places found for them and to meet trains and boats. The Committee appears in the Annual Charities Digest until 1918: presumably thereafter it was disbanded as having no further role to play.

The reception, housing and registration sub-committee, formerly the executive sub-committee, of the executive committee was set up to perform the duties in relation to refugees described by its title. It began work in late August 1914 and appears to have ceased to function in the middle of September, presumably as a result of the changing functions of the War Refugees Committee. The sub-committee minute book, though thin, gives a clear idea of the machinery set up to cope with the pre-war crisis.

BETA was founded in May 1920 as the Office Appliance Trades Association of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (OATA), and was registered under the Companies Acts in May 1927. In July 1951 OATA merged with the Association of British Business Equipment Manufacturers (ABBEM), to form the Office Appliance and Business Equipment Trades Association (OABETA). The company name was changed to BETA in October 1961, and continued as such until 1986 when it became the Business Equipment and Information Technology Association (BEITA). The association went into liquidation in August 1989, and was taken over by the Electronic Engineering Association (EEA) at Leicester House, 8 Leicester Street, London WC2H 7BN, with whom BETA had enjoyed a close relationship for some years.

Aims and structure of the association: BETA was formed "... to promote, encourage, develop and enhance the interests of the business equipment industry ...." (BETA Forward Plan, Aug 1969). Manufacturers and suppliers of, and traders in business equipment (office machines, computers, office furniture for example) became members of BETA for an annual subscription, and could submit products to the association for registration and inclusion in the Business Efficiency Exhibitions, held annually at Olympia and in the regions. As well as public relations exercises such as the above, BETA's role included the dissemination of information amongst its members, arbitration in disputes over trading ethics, and representing the interests of the industry by lobbying parliament on relevant issues, amongst other activities.

The association was governed by an elected council of 14 members, which met monthly, and administered by a staff of 17. Its membership (over 150 companies in 1977) was divided into sections, reflecting the interests of individual companies, including data-processing, microfilm and office furniture divisions for example.

The United Synagogue was established by an Act of Parliament in 1870, to join together the major ashkenazi synagogues in the London area. Its five original constituent synagogues were the Great, Hambro, New, Central and Bayswater Synagogues.

The original aims of the United Synagogue were three-fold. It aimed to provide a financial framework and an overall structure for the increasing number of orthodox synagogues in the London area, also to carry out a large amount of social and philanthropic work in the community at a level that the individual synagogues had found difficult to maintain; some of this social responsibility remained with individual synagogues, but the main activity was centralised under the United Synagogue's Head Office or under its various specially-appointed committees. The third function was to provide religious facilities for the orthodox Jewish community, by assisting in the formation of new congregations as the Jewish population of London moved into new residential areas.

Synagogues were able to select from four different types of membership: Constituent (full) membership is the most expensive, followed by District, then Affiliated and finally Associate membership for synagogues unable to bear the financial burden of higher membership categories. Synagogues were able to apply to upgrade their membership status if they wished.

The government of the United Synagogue is vested in the Council, which consists of Honorary Officers, a small number of life members and a large body of representatives elected by the constituent synagogues.

The United Synagogue maintains very close links with the Chief Rabbi's Office and the Beth Din (Court of the Chief Rabbi), providing financial support for the latter. It also works closely with the Jewish Welfare Board, formerly known as the Jewish Board of Guardians.

Bayswater Synagogue, at the west corner of Chichester Place and Harrow Road, was consecrated in 1863. In 1870 Bayswater joined the Great, New, Hambro, and Central synagogues to form the United Synagogue. The building was designed in red brick in the Gothic style. Although numbers had fallen by the time that the site was taken for the Harrow Road flyover, litigation compelled the United Synagogue to promise to rebuild on land provided by the Greater London Council. From 1965 services were held in the hall of the Lauderdale Road synagogue until a new building was constructed in 1971-2 in Kilburn Park Road.

From: 'Paddington: Judaism', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 9: Hampstead, Paddington (1989), pp. 264-265 (available online).

Clayhall Synagogue was a constituent member of the United Synagogue, following the orthodox Jewish tradition. It merged with Newbury Park Synagogue in 2015 to form Redbridge Synagogue.

The East London Synagogue was situated on Rectory Square, Stepney. This synagogue was admitted as a Constituent member of the United Synagogue in 1877. The Synagogue was closed in 1993 and merged with the Hackney Synagogue.

The Hambro Synagogue was founded in 1707, situated at Church Row, Fenchurch Street, E.C. It was one of the five original synagogues which grouped together to form the United Synagogue in 1870. It amalgamated with the Great Synagogue in 1936.

The United Synagogue (Headquarters) Staff Association was constituted in 1950. Its aims were to promote and further cordial relations between the United Synagogue and its staff at Head Office and at the Burial Society. It also aimed to promote the welfare of its members and develop sports, cultural and social activities. Membership was open to all lay members of staff.

According to their website, the Initiation Society was founded in 1745. Its aim is to ensure the highest medical and religious standards for bris milah (circumcision) amongst mohelim (practitioners). The Society works closely with the London Beth Din and their mohelim have undergone formal training in the medical and halachic (religious) aspects of bris milah.

See http://www.initiationsociety.org.uk/_index.htm for more information (accessed March 2010).

The Jews' Orphan Asylum was founded in 1831, based at Leman Street in Whitechapel. In 1876-1877 it amalgamated with the Jews' Hospital to form the Jews' Hospital and Orphan Asylum, based in Norwood, South London. The institution was later renamed Norwood Jewish Orphanage (1928) and later Norwood Home for Jewish Children (1956). The orphanage aimed to provide education and training for the children in its care.

The Mile End and Bow Synagogue was formed in 1927, when it occupied the premises of the former Harley Street Congregational Chapel. It was admitted as a District member of the United Synagogue in 1927. In 1979 the building was sold and became a gurdwara.

Solomon Arnold was a Russian Jew and a member of the New Synagogue. In his will he left 2000 pounds to the New Synagogue, the interest from which was to be used as a dowry for poor women of the congregation. The Solomon Arnold Charity was set up in 1846.

This synagogue was admitted as an Associate member of the United Synagogue in 1902. It became a District Synagogue in 1948. It was situated in New Cross until it closed in 1985.

This synagogue was admitted as a Constituent member of the United Synagogue in 1876. It was situated at the corner of Abbey Road and Marlborough Place. This structure proved too small and in 1882 a new building was begun on Abbey Road. In 1965 the synagogue moved to Grove End Road.

The South West London Synagogue was admitted as an Associate member of the United Synagogue in 1927. It became a District member in 1935. It was situated in Battersea and closed in 1997.

Founded in 1928 on Forty Lane, Wembley. An affiliated synagogue of the United Synagogue from 1931, district synagogue in 1934 and a constituent synagogue in 1956.

The New West End Synagogue is situated in St Petersburgh Place, Bayswater. It was built between 1877 and 1879, and admitted as a Constituent member of the United Synagogue in 1879.

West Ham Hebrew Congregation was founded in 1897. It became known as West Ham Associate Synagogue in 1907, when it was admitted as an Associate member of the United Synagogue. It became a District member in 1927, when it was renamed West Ham District Synagogue. In 1972 it merged with the Upton Park District Synagogue to become the West Ham and Upton Park Synagogue. It closed in 2004. The synagogue was situated on Earlham Road, Forest Gate, from 1911 onwards.

The Western Synagogue was an independent congregation, established in 1761. From 1957 it was situated in Crawford Street, Marylebone. It amalgamated with the Marble Arch Synagogue (founded 1954) in 1991 to form the Western Marble Arch Synagogue which is now an Associate member of the United Synagogue.

The Watford and District Synagogue was founded in 1946 and is situated on Nascot Road, Bushey. It was formerly called the Watford and Bushey Associated Synagogue. This synagogue was admitted as an Affiliated member of the United Synagogue in 1948 and is now a Constituent member.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

The Enfield East parliamentary constituency existed between 1950 and 1974. During this time it elected two Labour members of Parliament, Ernest Davies (1950-1959) and John Mackie (1959-1974).