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The first meeting of 'the Governors for erecting a Lying-in Hospital for married women in the City of London and parts adjacent and also for Out-patients in Phisic and Surgery' was held at the Black Swan Tavern in Bartholomew Lane on 30 March 1750. Mr Jacob Ilive was in the chair. The governors elected John Nix as the first secretary, Thomas Chaddock as treasurer, Richard Ball as surgeon and man-midwife and William Ball as apothecary. Slingsby Bethell subsequently became the first president of the hospital.

The hospital opened in May 1750 at London House in Aldersgate Street as the 'City of London Lying in Hospital for married women and sick and lame Outpatients.' The General Court of Governors decided on 6 September 1751 to admit no more outpatients and the second part of the title was dropped. The hospital moved in 1751 from London House into Thanet or Shaftesbury House also in Aldersgate Street. In 1769 the Governors decided to erect a new purpose built hospital. They leased a site from St Bartholomew's Hospital on the corner of City Road and Old Street and commissioned Robert Mylne to design the new hospital, which was opened on 31 March 1773.

The hospital was later known as the City of London Maternity Hospital and was closed in 1983.

Thomas Percy Nunn was born in Bristol in 1870, the son of a schoolmaster. He was educated and taught in his father's school. In 1903 he joined the staff of the London Day Training College where he taught mathematics and science and supervised the arrangements for teaching practice. In 1905 he was appointed Vice-Principal and was Principal of the College, 1922-1932, and Director of the Institute of Education, University of London, 1932-1936. He became a University Professor of Education in 1913, and was knighted in 1930. Nunn sat on the Board of Education's Consultative Committee, was an influential witness to the Hadow Committee, served on the Labour Party's advisory committee on education, and was a member of the Child Guidance Council. His academic interests were broad, encompassing science, mathematics, philosophy and psychology. Nunn was involved in a wide range of organisations, including the Aristotelian Society, the British Association, the British Psychological Society, the Mathematical Association and the Training College Association. His publications included The Aims and Achievements of Scientific Method: An Epistomological Essay (1907) and Relativity and Gravitation (1923), but it is for Education: Its Data and First Principles (1920) that he became most famous. Nunn died in Madeira in December 1944.

Nuffield House for paying patients was opened in 1935 on the site of the original medical school buildings of 1825. It was provided by Lord Nuffield for less well-off patients.

This company of jute manufacturers, of Calcutta, India, was part of the Inchcape Group of companies.

The NSDAP/AO was the Foreign Organisation of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP). The party members who lived outside the German Reich were pooled in this special NSDAP department. On May 1 1931 the new organisational unit was founded on the initiative of Reich Organisation Leader (Reichsorganisationsleiter) Gregor Strasser and its management was assigned to Dr Hans Nieland. But Nieland resigned from office already on May 8, 1933, because he had become head of the Hamburg police authorities in the meantime and later on a member of the Hamburg provincial government. Ernst Wilhelm Bohle was appointed director of the 'AO', that served as 43rd Gau of the NSDAP.

NSDAP Local Groups (Ortsgruppen) comprised 25 party comrades at least, so called Stützpunkte (bases) had 5 members or more. Furthermore, big Local Groups could be partitioned into Blocs (Blöcke).

Ideological training and uniform orientation of all party members in the interest of the German nation were the principal tasks of NSDAP/AO. Only Imperial Germans (Reichsdeutsche) with a German passport could become members of the AO. Persons of German descent, so called ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsche), who possessed the nationality of the country in which they lived, were refused access to the Nazi Party.

Noyes and Company, ironmongers, were based at Old Street.

Winifred M.T.Nowottny, nee Dobbs, was educated at the University of London and later taught English Literature at University College London. She published the books, Language Poets Use in 1962 and Hopkins' Language of Prayer of Praise in 1972.

This company was established in Nottingham in 1832. In 1869 its life business was acquired by Norwich Union and its fire business by Imperial Insurance Company which then changed its name to Imperial Fire Insurance Company. In turn, Imperial Fire became part of Alliance Assurance and then Sun Alliance.

The Nottingham and Lincoln line of the Midland Railway Company was opened on 8 Aug 1846.

Founded in 1900, the Notting Hill Synagogue was part of the Ashkenazi Orthodox Ritual and affiliated to the Federation of Synagogues. The Synagogue was located at 206/8 Kensington Park Road, London, W11 1NR and closed in the early 1990's being amalgamated with the Shepherd's Bush, Fulham and District Synagogue.

Born 1901; passed University of London matriculation Examination, 1920; attended Bedford College, University of London, achieving a BSc in 1925; captained the First XI Hockey Team, Bedford College, 1923-1924.

Born 1841; student at Bedford College, 1868; Resident, Bedford College Boarding House in Bedford Square and York Place, London, until 1894; Assistant, Department of Latin, Bedford College, 1881-1891; Honorary Librarian, Bedford College, 1883-1895; Member of Council, Bedford College, University of London, 1891-1901 and 1909-1913; Member of House Committee, 1891-1921, and Library Committee, 1890-1921, Bedford College; Secretary of Reid Trustees, 1882-1921; Notcutt Travelling Studentship instituted by the Reid Trust, 1918; died 1921.

Unknown.

Born, 1896; educated at Malvern College; called to the Bar, Gray's Inn, 1923; joined Lincoln's Inn, 1931; Bencher, Gray's Inn, 1942; knighted, 1943; OBE, 1943; Chief Justice, High Court, Bombay, 1943-1947; President, Commission of Inquiry, Bombay Explosions, 1944; Queen's Counsel, 1948; Vice-Chancellor, County Palatine of Lancaster, 1948-1963; Treasurer, Gray's Inn, 1956; Chairman of Departmental Committee on Hallmarking, 1956-1958; died, 1978.

Jabavu is one of the townships making up the modern Soweto. The discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886 caused an influx of thousands of people to the area, including black job-seekers. This growing population had to be housed. The townships of Kliptown, Sophiatown, and Western Native Township were established in and around Johannesburg for black and so-called Coloured people. The Native Urban Areas Act (1923) decreed that local councils had to provide housing for black people living in their areas. This led to the development of the larger townships of Klipspruit and Western and Eastern Townships closer to Johannesburg from 1927 to 1930. Demand for space and housing grew, prompting the Johannesburg Council to purchase land at Klipspruit on which Orlando East was established in 1930, the first township making up modern day Soweto.
The coming to power of the Nationalist Party in 1948 and the Group Areas Act of 1950 led to further racial segregation, controls on settlers, and separate development. During the 1950's, black people living in and around Johannesburg were forced to move to newly laid-out townships southwest of the city--Mofolo South, Moroka North, Jabavu, Molapo, and Moletsane.

Miniature replica of Czech Crown Jewels:

The crown is named after the patron Saint Wenceslas I of the Premyslids dynasty, who reigned in Bohemia between the 9th century up to the year 1306. The original crown was made from gold and precious stones and weighs 2.475kg. It was made for King Charles IV in 1346. The royal orb dates back to the era of Rudolph II; the scepter dates from the late 16th century. The original jewels are exhibited only to mark special occasions:

Marie Curie University: commemorative tea set:

Lublin University was named in honour of Marie Curie-Skłodowska (1867-1934), a physicist and chemist of Polish origin; pioneer in the field of radioactivity who discovered Polonium along with her husband Pierre Curie in 1898. She became the first person honoured with two Nobel Prizes, and the first female professor at the University of Paris.

During late 1989 Communist rule in Czechoslovakia was ended, Civic Forum became the first legal opposition movement for 40 years and Václav Havel was elected president.

Not known.

From Independence until 1987, Fiji was governed by the Alliance Party, which was pledged towards policies of multiracialism. The only challenge to its rule occurred in 1977, when Fijian voters were attracted by Fijian nationalist candidates. This led to the Alliance Party losing ground in the April General Election, and the Indian-dominated National Federation Party obtaining 26 of the 52 seats in Parliament, with 24 seats for the Alliance Party. However, owing to a leadership dispute the NFP split into factions, and the Governor-General in a surprise move, asked the Alliance Party leader and former Prime Minister, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, to form a minority administration. These events caused considerable political debate in the press, and increased factionalism in the FNP. A further General Election was held in September of the same year, and the Alliance Party was restored to power with a substantial majority.

Not known

The manuscript presumably relates to Port Royal des Champs near Versailles (from 1626 Port Royal de Paris), a French Cistercian abbey which under its abbess from 1602, Angelique Arnauld (d 1661), was a centre of Jansenist reform. The source from which this copy has presumably been translated, and its author and exact date, are not known.

Mattia Vento was born in Naples, 1735; studied at the Conservatorio di S Maria di Loreto, Naples; first operatic successes in Italy; Le deluse accortezze (1756) and La finta semplice (1759) produced at Rome; L'egiziana in Venice and Milan, 1763; went to England, 1763; active there as a composer and harpsichord teacher until his death; for the London opera, first produced the pasticcio Leucippo e Zenocrita, repeated in a command performance for the wedding of Princess Augusta (sister of George III), 1764; in succeeding seasons produced Demofoonte, 1765; Sofonisba, 1766; La conquista del Messico, 1767; also contributions to pasticcios; his aria Caro amor was successfully inserted in London performances of Piccinni's La buona figliuola, 1766; after a lapse of some years, produced Artaserse for the Harmonical Meeting, Soho Square, 1771; listed as a director at the King's Theatre, producing comic and serious operas (Il bacio, La vestale and further pasticcios), 1775-1776; also served as conductor at public concerts including those at the Pantheon; listed among the major composers in London by a visitor from Germany, 1776; criticisms included simplicity and a lack of novelty, but individual songs from the operas and the published sets were widely performed and reprinted in anthologies; other work included 11 collections of keyboard sonatas, most with subordinate violin accompaniments, criticised for their sameness, but which were retained in publishers' catalogues for half a century; the 65 sonatas date from 1764-1776; Vento brought to London from Naples the latest operatic style but changes in the sonatas suggest that he also responded to the contemporary pre-Classical synthesis of German, Italian and English elements; died in London, 1776. His oeuvre included the following instrumental works: 6 Sonatas (London, 1764); 6 Sonatas (London, c1764); 6 Sonatas (London, 1765); A Third (-Tenth) Book (Sett) of 6 Sonatas (London, 1766-76); 6 Overtures in 8 Parts (London, c1774); A Last Sett of 5 Sonatas (London, 1777).

In 1957 Kenya was a British Crown Colony, governed by a Legislative Council with 54 Members. The 1957 election was the first in which African members were elected to the Legislative Council through a restricted franchise. A Luo trade unionist, Tom M'boya, together with other Africans promoted to ministerial posts, refused to assume official responsibilities. A constitutional conference was held in London in January and February, 1960, that led to a transitional constitution legalizing political parties and giving Africans a comfortable majority on the Legislative Council.

No information was available at the time of compilation.

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The Norwegian-British-Swedish Expedition of 1949-1952 was the first in Antarctica involving an international team of scientists. Its base was located on the coast of Dronning Maud Land -- an area lying between the meridians of 20°W and 45°E. Apart from surveys and mapping the main objective was to carry out a wide ranging programme of scientific investigations with particular interest in discovering whether climatic fluctuations similar to those observed in the Arctic were also occurring in Antarctica. Norway was mainly responsible for meteorology and topographical surveys, Britain for geology and Sweden for glaciology.

Two Czech Torah scrolls were given to the Northwood and Pinner Synagogue from the towns of Kolin and Trebon. It was decided to research the history and background to these scrolls. The content of this collection is the result of that research.

Northwold Primary School on Northwold Road, Hackney, was opened in 1902 as Northwold Road School. At first it was a mixed boarding school for for 366 seniors, 306 juniors and 306 infants. The school was reorganised in 1923 to provide space for 440 boys, 440 girls and 480 infants. Separate secondary and primary schools were established by 1949, when both were renamed Northwold School. The secondary school closed by 1955, but the primary school still occupies the same building.

From: 'Hackney: Education', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 10: Hackney (1995), pp. 148-165 (available online).

The North-Western Fever Hospital, Lawn Road, Hampstead, was founded in 1870 as the Hampstead Smallpox Hospital. However, owing to pressure from local residents smallpox patients were removed from metropolitan areas shortly afterwards, and the hospital became the North-Western Fever Hospital, managed by the Metropolitan Asylums Board. The main buildings of the hospital were built in 1892, set in large grounds.

The hospital was in great demand during the frequent outbreaks of diseases such as polio in the first half of the twentieth century, and one ward was used by patients in iron lungs. In 1944, when the Goodenough Report set guidelines for the optimal number of beds that should be available to provide a proper training for medical students, the Dean of the London School of Medicine for Women, Katharine Lloyd-Williams, approached the London County Council about the possibility of allowing students access to North-Western Fever Hospital beds to augment the number of cases already available to them at the Royal Free Hospital in Gray's Inn Road.

The Hospital joined Royal Free Hospital Group on the inception of the National Health Service in 1948, and was renamed the Lawn Road or North-Western Branch of the Royal Free Hospital. As fever cases declined in Britain, the remaining infectious disease beds were transferred to Coppetts Wood Hospital in 1963, and the Lawn Road branch of the RFH became used for general cases. Throughout the 1960s the branch achieved worldwide recognition as the place where the first kidney transplants were performed, and also the hospital which pioneered home dialysis. When the Royal Free was rebuilt in Hampstead, the land on which the North-Western Fever Hospital had stood was used, and the remaining parts of the old building were demolished in 1973. The 'new' Royal Free still has a 'Lawn Road' Division, dealing with surgery, communicable diseases, renal services, and therapy services.

The North-West London Hospital (NWLH) was opened in 1878 in Kentish Town Road, founded by the Misses Learmonth for the benefit of the working classes of this densely populated area. It was unusual, for its time, in offering a designated childrens' ward. A new wing was added six years later, but by 1890 the hospital was facing serious financial difficulties. Finally, in 1907, when work on the new building of the Hampstead General Hospital (formerly Hampstead Home Hospital and Nursing Institute) was in jeopardy owing to lack of funds, the King's Fund suggested that these two hospitals merge, and on that condition provided funds for the project. Thereafter the in-patients were treated in the new Hampstead General on Haverstock Hill and outpatients at the Camden site. In 1912 a new outpatients department was built at Bayham Street, in the house in which Charles Dickens had lived as a boy, replacing the NWLH once and for all. However, the name lived on in the official title of the joint institution "The Hampstead General and North-West London Hospital" until 1948.
All surviving record series from the merged Hampstead General Hospital continue from record series of the Hampstead Home Hospital and Nursing Institute; records in this collection therefore survive solely from the NWLH up to 1908.

Born in 1652, Edward Northey was educated at St Paul's School, London, and Queen's College, Oxford University. He entered Middle Temple, London, as a barrister in 1674. He served as Attorney General of England, 1701-1707 and 1710-1718, was knighted in 1702, and acted as MP for Tiverton, 1710.

The Northern Refugee Centre (NRC), was established 1983 and is now based in Sheffield. The NRC is a registered charity supporting the integration of refugees and asylum seekers. In addition, the NRC exists to promote the welfare of all refugees and asylum seekers within the Yorkshire and Humber region.

The origins of the Northern Polytechnic lie in the Charity Commissioners' scheme of the 1880s to develop a network of polytechnics modelled on the Regent Street Polytechnic (now part of the University of Westminster). The Northern Polytechnic Institution in Holloway, North London opened on 5 October 1896. Its mission was 'to promote the industrial skill, general knowledge, health and well-being of young men and women....(and)... the means of acquiring a sound General, Scientific, Technical and Commercial Education at small cost.' In the first year, a thousand students enrolled on courses ranging from English, mathematics and chemistry to machine construction, plumbing, dressmaking and millinery, mostly in evening classes. By 1900 the number of students had doubled, and by 1911 five-year evening degrees were available, recognised by the University of London. It changed its name to the Northern Polytechic c1931.
The Northern Polytechnic introduced polymer science courses at the turn of the 20th Century and developed an expertise in rubber technology. In 1948 the Northern Polytechnic was appointed as the National College of Rubber Technology, where it enjoyed a strong reputation for teaching and research. In 1982 the College merged with the Polytechnic of the South Bank's Polymer School to form the PNL (later UNL) School of Polymer Technology.
On 26 January1971, as more polytechnics were designated, it was decided that the Northern and North Western polytechnics should merge to form the Polytechnic of North London (PNL), which then had its degrees awarded by the Council for National Academic Awards (CNAA). The PNL became the University of North London (UNL) in 1992, and in 2001 the UNL annonced that it would be merging with London Guildhall University to form London Metropolitan University.

The Northern Friendly Society was established on 31 January 1837 with the objective of being a sociable organisation which could share information of interest in the trade. An extract from the Pawnbrokers' Gazette reporting on the Jubilee of the Society in 1887 stated it was formed, "to protect the Trade against 'duffers' and to exterminate a class of vermin called 'common informers.'" The names of the founding members have not all survived, from later minutes it can be established that one was Mr James Telfer (of Ponders End) and a second was Mr Sharwood who in the Jubilee year of the Society (1887) was aged 86 and acted as the chair of the meeting, he resigned in October 1888 due to 'old age and its consequences.'

Membership was to be restricted to master pawnbrokers or gentlemen connected with the trade. The membership was limited to fifteen members according to a list of rules drawn up in 1844 (later expanded to thirty members), each paying a subscription. On occassion, Honorary Members could be elected by unanimous vote. Members were also often members of the Bouverie Society, a social club for master pawnbrokers (see CLC/034).

The subscriptions were used to defray the costs of the meetings and also to make special purchases. In the Jubilee Year of the society (1887) a silver loving cup was purchased at a cost of £35 4s; according to an inventory attached to an insurance schedule of 1965 the value of the loving had risen to £58 and this was just one of seven pieces of silver that belonged to the Society with other pieces having presented to the society by members and one piece a plain silver cup and cover with wood plinth in a case commemorating the Bouverie Society versus the Northern Friendly Gold Challenge Cup.

This company, growers and manufacturers of tea in Assam, India, was part of the Inchcape Group of companies.

This company was established in 1836 in Aberdeen as North of Scotland Fire and Life Assurance Company; it was renamed Northern Assurance Company in 1898. Its business was fire and life assurance in the United Kingdom, the Far East, "and most Foreign Countries". The company became a subsidiary of Commercial Union Assurance in 1968.

There is no unifying factor to these papers (e.g. that they relate to property owned by one estate or family or the legal work of one office), they were simply collected for their antiquarian interest before being passed to the archive.

The early educational work of the Northampton Institute reflected the trades found in the Clerkenwell district of London. Thus the six departments of the 1890s were Mechanical Engineering and Metal Trades (including the building and furniture trades), renamed Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering in 1918; Artistic Crafts (for industrial applications), which closed in 1916 and was transferred to the London County Council Central School for Arts and Crafts; Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering; Horology, which developed into a National College of Horology and Instrument Technology in 1947; Electro-Chemistry (renamed Technical Chemistry in 1900, and later Applied Chemistry); Domestic Economy and Women's Trades. The Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering department, under the direction of the Principal, was the largest department and included telegraphy and optics, and introduced pioneering sandwich courses in engineering in 1904-1905. In 1903-1904 Technical Optics emerged as a department in its own right, renamed the Department of Applied Optics in 1926, Ophthalmic Optics in 1946, and Optometry and Visual Science in 1977. In 1909 the Institute started classes in Aeronautics, with Frederick Handley Page arriving as lecturer in the following year, though Aeronautical Engineering remained with the Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering until 1958, when it became a separate Department of Aeronautics. In 1925 Electrical Engineering became a department in its own right. Physics and Mathematics became separate departments in 1937 and 1931 respectively. A Computer Unit emerged as a separate department from Mathematics in 1976. A Department of Production Technology and Control Engineering was introduced in 1959 (renamed Automation Engineering in 1968 and Systems Science in 1973), following redesignation of the Institute as a College of Advanced Technology.

Upon conversion to The City University, Civil and Mechanical Engineering became separate departments in 1966. A Department of Management Studies commenced in 1966, developing into the City University Business School in 1976. A Centre for Information Science was started in 1970. A Department of Social Science and Humanities was developed and a City University Business School evolved in 1975 from the Department of Management Studies. A Centre for Arts and Related Studies was inaugurated at the same time to cater for courses in Arts Administration, Music, Journalism and Adult Education.

Prior to 1957, the library (known as the Skinners' Library due to the original charitable contribution of the Skinners' Company to the Northampton Institute) had received little in the way of adequate funding or accommodation. It had opened in 1896 with 1700 volumes and the totat had only increased to some 4500 by 1956. Redesignation of the Institute as a College of Advanced Technology (CAT) required large investment in provision. In 1955 a further substantial donation from the Skinners' Company allowed the opening of a new Skinners' Library, though growth in holdings continued to be slow in comparison to other CATs. A new library was planned in the mid 1960s; the lack of funding and book stocks were highlighted in a survey of 1969 which placed the library at the bottom of a league table of university libraries. Major new grants were given from Senate and from the Skinners' to double the book stock within five years, and the move into the new library premises was made in 1970. The Cranwood Annexe branch library rejoined the main university library in 1976. A further floor was added and opened in 1979. In 1967 microform, non-book media collections, and the University Archives Collection were started. Special collections were acquired, including the Fincham collection on optics, the Auerbach collection on art and the London Society Library.

Under the 1883 London Parochial Charities Act, the Trustees of the London Parochial Charities were required to administer the numerous charitable funds existing in the many City of London parishes for ecclesiastical purposes and to `promote the welfare of the poor of the Metropolis by way of education, free libraries, open spaces or otherwise'. They therefore allocated capital to the formation of the City Polytechnic, of which under the Charity Commissioners' City Polytechnic Central Scheme of 1891, the Northampton Institute was one of the three constituent educational institutions. Under the original constitution of the Northampton Institute, three of the Trustees of the London Parochial Charities (or City Parochial Foundation) would be members of the Governing Body. By 1962, one Trustee still sat on the College's Governing Body, although donations from the CPF were small in relation to the College's other sources of income. Between 1891 and 1935 the CPF had donated nearly £2,000,000 to the institutions which had comprised the original Central Scheme. CPF funding from 1891-1931 covered some examination fees, and from 1902 covered endowment insurance for staff, and a compassionate scheme in 1903. The CPF was instrumental in purchasing recreation grounds for the Institute at Palmer's Green. The City University still receives monies from the CPF as the corporate successor to the Northampton Institute. In 1893 the London County Council (LCC) had set up a Technical Education Board, and a member of the Board sat on the Governing Body of the Northampton Institute. Thereafter LCC control and regulation was to strenghthen, reflecting the increasing proportion of LCC's financial contributions in relation to other sources of the Northampton's income. The 1903 Education (London) Act made the LCC the Education Authority for London, and while the power the LCC wielded over the Northampton had been discreet, from 1909 the LCC was its using its award of block maintenance grants to enforce its recommendations on the future of the Artistic Crafts Department on an unwilling Institute. By 1924, the Institute was complying with all the LCC's requirements, and LCC was regulating many of the Institute's operations, from setting student's fees, to the number of hours work required by staff to qualify for superannuation. The annual reports of the LCC Inspectors were an important influence on regulation, covering most matters from quality of courses to the standards of accommodation and hygiene.

Funding the original building and equipment of the Northampton Institute came from a number of sources. The site for the building had been donated by the Marquess of Northampton and Earl Compton. The greatest part of the building capital came from the Trustees of the London Parochial Charities (the City Parochial Foundation) who were the Central Governing Body of the City Polytechnic scheme, particularly the proceeds of the Charity of Sir Thomas Smythe, transferred from the Skinners' Company. Subsequent annual income was to come from Skinners' Company, the City Parochial Foundation, Robert Kitchen's Charity via the Saddlers' Company, the London County Council (LCC), and students' own fees. LCC funding came to predominate, and resulted in tighter central control over the expenditure and activities of the Institute. In 1962, the then Northampton College of Advanced Technology (CATs) received direct grant funding from the Ministry of Education, as the CATs moved towards full university status, with central funding overseen by the University Grants Committee.

The original Governing Body of the Northampton Institute was to comprise seventeen members composed as follows: three appointed by the Central Governing Body of the City Polytechnic (the Trustees of the London Parochial Charities, also known as the City Parochial Foundation or CPF), one by the London County Council (LCC), one by the Schools Board for London, four by the Skinners' Company, one by the Saddlers' Company, one each by the Governing Bodies of the Birkbeck Institute and the City of London College, and five co-opted members (these original five comprised three then engaged in the major local industry of the watch and clock trade). The Governing Body first met at the Birbeck Institute on 1 Feb 1892. The 4th Marquess of Northampton and his son, the Earl Compton both desired to become members of the Body, and the scheme was amended to increase its composition to twenty one members. Meetings were held monthly.
Designation of the Institute as College of Advanced Technology (CAT) in 1957 also involved a revision of the Governing Body. No less than five members were now to be appointed by the LCC, one each by the County Councils of Essex, Hertfordshire and Middlesex, one from the University of London, four by the Skinners', one by the Saddlers', three by the CPF, and six cooptative members. Not less than six of the Governors were to have current professional or industrial experience relating to the work of the college. Advisory bodies representing industry and professional bodies in each technology were also established. The transition of CATs to direct grant' funding from the Ministry of Education in 1962 involved another reform of the Governing Body; five Local Education Authorities (of which four were to be LCC), one from the Regional Advisory Council, two from the University of London, four from the Skinners', one from the Saddlers', four from the Academic Board of the College, one from the Ministry of Education, the Principal ex-officio and co-opted members. As a result of the Robbins Report of 1963, proposing the conversion of the CATs into full technological universities, the College sought interest of affiliation with other relevant institutions. Discussions were begun with Sir John Cass College, Jewry Street, London and the College of Aeronautics, Cranfield, though no resultant link was achieved. The Governing Body held its final meeting on 26 Sep 1966. This was also its first meeting as the successor body, the Council of The City University, which controls the financial and legal side of the university. The Lady Superintendent wasresponsible, under the direction of the Principal, to the Governing Body, for all matters educational and social connected with women attending the institute'. The first Lady Superintendent, Mrs A Winton Thorpe, was appointed in 1896, and was succeeded by Mrs A M Tuck in 1898. Her successor, Miss V P Muddock, was appointed in 1928. On her retirement in 1949, the post was not filled again.

City University was founded as the Northampton Institute in 1894 with the aim of "the promotion of the industrial skill, general knowledge, health and well-being of young men and women belonging to the poorer classes". In 1906 the name was changed to Northampton Polytechnic Institute, from 1935 it was Northampton Polytechnic which in 1957 became Northampton College of Advanced Technology (CAT). Following the Robbins Committee Report of 1963 the College acquired University status and its charter was granted in 1966 when it became The City University (TCU), it is now known as City University London.

The first proposal for the Institute was made in 1891 in a Charity Commissioners' scheme for a City Polytechnic, linking Birkbeck College, the City of London College and a proposed Northampton Institute in Finsbury, to facilitate funding for these institutions by the City Parochial Foundation. The City Polytechnic was dissolved in 1906 without any real links having been established between the three institutions but it had enabled funding for the building and establishment of the Northampton Institute on land given by the Marquess of Northampton. Other funding came from the Skinners' Company, the Saddlers' Company and the Technical Education Board of the London County Council.

Building began in 1894 to a design by Edward Mountford (1855-1908) and teaching at the Institute commenced in 1896 under Robert Mullineux Walmsley (1854-1924), its first Principal, with the Institute being fully operational by September 1897. The organisation of the Institute was greatly influenced by the nearby Finsbury Technical College, and, in common with the Polytechnic ethos, the social aspects of the Institute, which survived until World War I, were as important as the educational classes which concentrated on providing technical instruction, initially in the evenings only, relevant to the trades and crafts of its immediate neighbourhood of Clerkenwell. Its six departments were mechanical engineering and metal trades; artistic crafts; applied physics and electrical engineering; horology; electro-chemistry; and domestic economy and women's trades. From 1900 the Institute had a number of University of London recognised teachers and students were able to register for internal degree courses of the University. In 1903 the sandwich course system was introduced requiring students to spend one quarter of their course working under supervision in an appropriate industry. The Institute pioneered systematic courses of instruction rather than the study of isolated subjects.

With recognition as a CAT in 1957 Dip.Tech courses were introduced and residential accommodation for students was provided. The relationship with the London County Council and its funding ended in 1962 with the award of direct grant status through the Department of Education and Science, followed by transfer to the University Grants Committee in 1965 and university status the following year. City University has remained on its original site and a conscious decision to limit student numbers and not move out of London to a country site was taken in 1966.

On conversion to a university in 1966, the Northampton College of Advanced Technology (CAT) adopted typical university administrative organs. These comprised the Council as the governing body, controlling the financial and legal side of the university's business; the Senate as the supreme academic body; the Court, a body representing wide and various interests across the university and meeting annually, and Convocation, the corporate body of graduates. Senate itself has a number of committees, beneath which lie other Boards of Studies, Boards of Examiners, Departmental Boards and Staff-Student Committees. The Northampton CAT was required under the terms of the Robbins Report of 1963 to institute an Academic Advisory Committee (AAC) to inform its transition to a university, and oversee the drafting of a charter and approval of its courses. The AAC first met in May 1964.
The Academic Board of Northampton CAT began in 1962 as a replacement for the Board of Studies, which had itself started life in the Northampton Institute as the Board of Heads and Associate Heads in 1912. Under the new College Scheme of 1962, reflecting the direct funding from central government, the Academic Board acquired legal status, and four members were entitled to sit on the College's Governing Body.
The official newsletter of the Northampton College was the Northampton College Gazette which began in 1961, and continued after the change to university status in 1966 as TCU Gazette, and later as City News in 1977. The magazine Quest was produced for distribution to individual subscribers and outside bodies, including schools.

No further information at present.

The original site of the Northampton Institute comprised one and a half acres donated by the 4th Marquess of Northampton and his son. The area faced St John Street, Ashby Street and Lower Charles Street, London, on the site of the former Clerkenwell Manor House, subsequently used as a school and lunatic asylum. The Institute's first building was designed by the architect Edward W Mountford (1855-1908), later the architect of the Old Bailey. The foundations were laid in 1894, with gradual use of the facilities as completed until the official opening of the building in 1898 by the Lord Mayor of London. Extensions were provided in the courtyard of the building for Metallurgy in 1898 and Mechanical Engineering in 1901. The Governing Body authorised the building of a five storied block in the residue of the courtyard in 1908, completed and opened by the Earl of Halsbury in the following year. However growth of the Institute placed greater pressures on existing accommodation, and loans from the New River Company and Skinners' Company provided the means to provide a site for an annex by the purchase of houses on the west side of St John Street in 1908. The intervention of war and economic depression prevented the exploitation of this site until an extension fund was started in 1927. Work began in 1930, and the Connaught Building was opened in 1932 by Prince George, Duke of Kent. It occupied around half the annex site and provided accommodation for chemistry, clockmaking, furriery, a lens workshop, automobile laboratories and general classrooms. Work started on extensions and additional floors to the Connaught Building from 1938 but was curtailed by the coming of war.
The next major phase of development was carried out during from 1949, when it was proposed a further site in St John Street be acquired, the Great Hall be rebuilt, and the Gymnasium block was also to be rebuilt to provide five stories for engineering workshops, classrooms, a staffroom and new library. The site in St John Street was replaced by another in Spencer Street and work started in 1950. The new library was opened in 1955, as was the new Great Hall. The new hall block provided new laboratories in the basement. The new development was officially opened by Sir David Eccles, the Minister of Education, in 1956. In 1959 work started on adding two extra floors were added to the Connaught Building to provide extra laboratories for chemistry and additional classrooms. These were opened by Lord Fleck in 1961.
At the same time a larger development was planned on a site on the north east corner of the Connaught site. The first phase was to comprise the Electrical Building, High Voltage Laboratory and refectory block, followed by a new library, Student's Union, lecture theatres and a new hall. These were completed and handed over during the period 1969-1970, and opened by the Chancellor, Col Sir Ian Bowater, in Nov 1970.
The next development (subsequently named the Tait Building), was to comprise a new Civil and Mechanical Engineering Building and lecture theatre). Construction began in 1971 and it was opened by Dr O A Kerensky in 1974.
Northampton Hall, the first hall of residence, opened in 1964, followed by the Finsbury hall of residence on the Goswell Road site, which opened in 1972. The Saddlers' Sports Centre was opened in 1974, and another hall of residence, Heyworth Hall, was in use by 1977. The City Parochial Foundation provided the funding for the purchase of six acres of land in Oakthorpe Lane, Palmers Green, North London, in 1906, to use as playing fields for the Institute.