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On July 28 1944 at 9.41am Lewisham street market was hit by a V1 flying bomb that demolished 20 shops, damaged 30 more, killed 51 people and injured 313.

On the morning of Saturday 25 November 1944 at 12.25 pm a V2 rocket landed on Woolworth's store in New Cross Road at Deptford. At the time of impact the store was crowded with schoolchildren and housewives, and the casualties were therefore very high: 160 killed, 77 seriously and 122 slightly injured. In all, Deptford was to suffer nine V2s, far less than other localities, but five of these caused "major incidents" resulting in a death toll of 297 with a further 328 seriously injured; more than other London borough.

Source: Imperial War Museum (http://london.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/4/dday/pdfs/VWeaponsCampaign.pdf)

William Hone, a radical publisher, was made famous by the blasphemy trials of 1817 at which he was acquited. He often worked with the caricaturist, George Cruikshank, with whom he collaborated in a campaign to improve the condition of lunatic asylums. Hone began publishing the Reformists Register in 1817 and published parodies, which prompted his trial. Later in his life, he became an antiquarian publisher. Hone died in 1842.

This correspondence regarding the history of the Jewish community in Tarnobrzeg, Poland stems from a dispute in which Michael Honey, a descendant of a family from the said community took exception to an article written by Tadeusz Zych, chairman of the Tarnobrzeg Historical Society, which the former regards as anti-Semitic.

The College of Medicine for Chinese was set up in Hong Kong on the initiative of James Cantlie (1851-1926) and Patrick Manson (1844-1922) during the 1880s, and developed into the medical school of the Hong Kong University. Sun Yat Sen (1860-1925), later first President of the Chinese Republic, was one of its first pupils.

Hong Kong (Selangor) Rubber Limited was registered in 1912 to purchase property in Selangor, Malaya, known as the Hong Kong (Selangor) estate. Some areas of its estates were sub-leased to Hong Kong Tin Limited (CLC/B/112-086). Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112) replaced Bright and Galbraith as agents and secretaries of the company in 1952. Harrisons and Crosfield (Malaya) Limited (CLC/B/112-071) acted as local agents from 1953. In 1982 it became a p.l.c. (public limited company). It went into voluntary liquidation in 1983.

Hong Kong Tin Limited was registered in 1927 in England to acquire mines or rubber interests anywhere in the world, but it carried out tin ore mining in Selangor, West Malaysia. Harrisons and Crosfield and Harrisons Malaysian Plantations Berhad (CLC/B/112-080) acted as agents and secretaries until 1983. In 1982 the company was re-registered as a PLC (public limited company).

In 1984/5 Hong Kong Tin PLC became a subsidiary of Hong Kong Tin Corporation (Malaysia) Berhad (a Malaysian registered public investment holding and management company), which was known as YTL Corporation Berhad from 1988. From 1985 Hong Kong Tin's mining activities were dormant and it acted only as a management consultancy.

The Honourable Artillery Company is the oldest regiment in the British Army, traditionally dating back to 1537 during the reign of Henry VIII. Throughout our history we have had strong connections with the City of London and have also played our part in the South African War (1899-1902) and the two World Wars, as well as more recent conflicts. We have an interesting history and a range of traditions, as well as important collections of archives and artefacts.

See: https://hac.org.uk/where-we-come-from

This appears to have been a select betting club, new members referred to as 'nephews', being elected on the nomination of existing members. Officers of the Board included a President, Serjeant, Champion, Bellringer, Secretary and Steward. The meeting place from 13 March 1734/5 to 16 June 1737 was Cary's, Golden Square, and from 26 June 1737 to 12 February 1740/1, at the Fountain in the Strand. Bets were laid on any subject of topical or personal interest and were often concerned with parliamentary business; the stakes appear to have been in claret or other wine rather than money.

Alexander Hood, younger brother of Samuel, Viscount Hood, entered the Navy in 1741 and was made lieutenant in 1746. During the Seven Year War he served in the Mediterranean and under Hawke in the Channel. He was made captain in 1756 and, after further service in the Channel and in the Mediterranean, was promoted to rear-admiral in 1780. From 1784 to 1790 he was a Member of Parliament for Bridgwater, after which he sat for Buckingham until 1796. In 1787 he was promoted to vice-admiral and in 1794 to admiral. In that year he was appointed second-in-command of the Channel Fleet, under Lord Howe, and took part in the battle of the First of June, after which he was given an Irish peerage. In the following year when Howe was ashore because of ill-health, he won a partial victory over the French Fleet. For this action, he was raised to the peerage of Great Britain. When Howe finally retired in 1797, Hood was made Commander-in-Chief of the Channel Fleet. In 1800 he was relieved by St. Vincent and accepted no further active command. He was created a viscount in the same year.

See sub-fonds level descriptions for individual biographies.

Alexander Hood, elder brother of Sir Samuel Hood and cousin of Viscount Bridport and Viscount Hood, entered the Navy in 1767. In 1772 he joined the RESOLUTION for Cook's second voyage. He became a lieutenant in 1777 and a commander in 1781. In the same year be was made Flag-Captain to Rear-Admiral Samuel (later Viscount) Hood in the BARFLEUR in the West Indies, and was later given command of the AIMABLE, a French prize, which he took to England in 1783. In 1793 he commanded the HEBE and in 1794 the AUDACIOUS but was compelled in the same year to retire from active service through ill-health until 1797. In this year he was appointed to the MARS and was put ashore at the mutiny at Spithead. He was killed soon afterwards in action.

Dr Basil Hood, MRCS, LRCP, was the Medical Superintendent of the St Marylebone Infirmary, later St Charles' Hospital, from 1910 to 1941. Few further details of his career may be found in the Medical Directory.

Samuel Hood, elder brother of Viscount Bridport (q.v.) entered the Navy in 1741 and was made a lieutenant in 1746. His first command was in the Mediterranean in 1754. In 1757 he was at the blockade of Brest and was successful in a noteworthy single-ship action. Between 1760 and 1763 he served in the Mediterranean. He was employed during the peace and in 1767 was appointed Commander-in-Chief, North America, in the ROMNEY. From 1771 to 1776 he commanded the ROYAL WILLIAM, guardship at Portsmouth, and in 1778 was appointed Resident Commissioner at Portsmouth Dockyard. In the following year he was created a baronet and in 1780 promoted to rear-admiral, when he went in the BARFLEUR, with reinforcements to Rodney in the West Indies. Here he too part in the taking of St. Eustatius and the manoeuvering off Martinique. When Rodney sailed for England, Hood went to North America to reinforce Admiral Graves (q.v.) and commanded the rear squadron at the battle of Chesapeake in 1781. Early in 1782 Hood worsted De Grasse at Frigate Bay at St. Kitts, and soon afterwards took an important part in the battle of the Saints, the Ville de Paris surrendering to the BARFLEUR. As a result in 1782 Hood was raised to the Irish Peerage and was Member of Parliament for Westminster, 1785 to 1788 and 1790 to 1796 and for Reigate, 1789 to 1790. Between 1787 and 1788 he was Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth, having been promoted to vice-admiral, and from 1788 to 1795 he served at the Board of Admiralty. At the beginning of the Revolutionary Wars, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, where he commanded the forces which took Toulon In August 1793. However, he had to withdraw to Corsica in December. In late 1794 he returned to England. He was promoted to admiral and in 1796 was appointed Governor of Greenwich Hospital, which post he held until his death. He was raised to the British peerage in 1796. See David Hanoi ed. , 'Letters of Lord Hood, 1781-82' (Navy Records Society, 1895).

Samuel Hood, first Viscount Hood (1724-1816), was a successful naval officer, trusted to train Prince William in his Naval career, and a patron of Horatio Nelson. In 1784, as a popular admiral, he was nominated for the Westminster Parliamentary seat, opposing Charles James Fox. The election was marked by violence and fraud, and Hood described it as 'the most arduous and unpleasant business I ever took in hand' (Rutland MSS, 3.134, quoted in DNB entry cited below). Hood won the election and held the seat until 1796, but disliked Parliament and found London expensive. From 1788 to 1795, he served on the Admiralty board. When war was declared in February 1793 he was appointed commander-in-chief in the Mediterranean.

Source of information: Daniel A. Baugh Michael Duffy, 'Hood, Samuel, first Viscount Hood (1724-1816)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009.

The Royal Aquarium was opened in 1876 for entertainments. The main hall held palm trees, sculptures, tanks of sea creatures and an orchestra. There were also rooms for reading, smoking, and eating; an art gallery; a skating rink; and a theatre. It was hoped that an intellectual clientele would be attracted to the Aquarium, but they did not materialise, and instead it was given over to 'music hall' type entertainments including acrobats and female swimmers performing aquatic feats in the tanks. In 1903 the site was sold and the buildings demolished.

Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).

Samuel Hood, younger brother of Captain Alexander Hood, entered the Navy in 1776 and was promoted to lieutenant in 1780. For most of the American War he served in the West Indies and afterwards was employed in North America. He was promoted to captain in 1788. In 1793 he went in the JUNO to the Mediterranean where he was present at the occupation of Toulon. In 1798 he commanded the ZEALOUS, and after the battle of the Nile was left by Nelson to command the force blockading the French army in Egypt. The next year he was at the defence of Salerno and in 1800 in the Atlantic in the COURAGEUX. In 1801 he was again in the Mediterranean, and during the peace was sent out as a Commissioner for the government of Trinidad. On the death of the Commander-in-Chief, Leeward Islands, he succeeded to the position in the CONTOUR. Returning to England in 1805, he served in the Channel and lost an arm in a successful squadron action off Rochefort. From 1806 to 1807 he was Member of Parliament for Westminster and from 1807 to 1812 for Bridport. He was promoted to rear-admiral in 1807, and in the same year was at Copenhagen, still in the CONTOUR; he was then second-in-command to Admiral Saumarez (1757-1836) in the Baltic when he played an important part in assisting the Swedes against the Russians. He next covered the re-embarkation of the army at Corunna in 1809, after which he returned to the Mediterranean. He was appointed vice-admiral and Commander-in-Chief, East Indies, in 1811, and after a comparatively uneventful command died of fever in Madras.

Created by Robert Hooke as copies of papers read to the Society.

Born, 1635; Education: Pupil of Samuel Cooper and Sir Peter Lely; Westminster School; Christ Church, Oxford; MA (1663); MD (Lambeth 1691); Career: Assisted Thomas Willis and Robert Boyle with their experiments; invented the pendulum watch; Curator of Experiments at the Royal Society (1662); Professor of Geometry at Gresham College, London (1664); Cutlerian Lecturer (1664); Philosophical assistant to John Wilkins and William Petty at Durdans, Epsom, Surrey (1665); City Surveyor for London (1667); Doctor of Physic at Doctors' Commons (1691); died in penury, his salary (of several thousand pounds) as City Surveyor being found in an iron chest after his death; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1663; Curator of Experiments, 1662-1688; Secretary of the Royal Society, 1677-1682; 1677-1681; 1684; 1686; 1689-1690; 1692-1695; 1697-1699; died, 1703.

Born in Manchester, England, 1798; educated at Manchester grammar school, 1809-1813; assisted in his father's shoemaking business; following private study, became a probationer for the Wesleyan ministry, 1818; appointed by the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society (WMMS), 1819; lost his possessions in a shipwreck on the way to Madras, India; arrived, 1820; a pioneer missionary in the area, serving at Bangalore, Negapatam, Madras, and Seringapatam; elected a member of the committee for revising the Tamil version of the Bible, 1822; his Tamil translations included a hymnbook, 1825; left India owing to ill-health, 1828; returned to England, 1829; employed at Missionary House, London, 1829-1830; superintendent of schools in Ireland, 1830-1834; returned to London, 1834; Assistant Secretary of the WMMS, 1834-1836; married Elizabeth (d 1880), daughter of the lockmaker Charles Chubb, 1835; WMMS General Secretary, 1836-1872; Honorary Secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jews and of the Home for Asiatics, London; Doctor of Divinity; died, 1872. Publications include: Personal Narrative of a Mission to the South of India, from 1820 to 1828 (1829); Madras, Mysore, and the South of India: or, a personal narrative of a mission to those countries from 1820 to 1828 (2nd edition, 1844); Dureisani-Tamil-Puttagam: the Lady's Tamil Book; containing the Morning and Evening Services, and other portions of the Book of Common Prayer, in ... Tamil ... with an Anglo-Tamil grammar and vocabulary (1859); introduced E J Robinson's Tamil Wisdom: traditions concerning Hindu sages, and selections from their writings (1873); contributed articles to the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society and London Quarterly Review.

Unknown

In the late 18th century, John Hooper attended comparative anatomy lectures by Henry Cline (1750-1827); midwifery lectures by William Lowder (fl 1778-1801); and clinical lectures by William Saunders (1743-1817).

Robert Hooper was MA and MB of Pembroke College, Oxford in 1804, and MD at St. Andrews, Aberdeen in 1803. He practised in Savile Row, London, and was the compiler of a Medical Dictionary first published in 1798 which ran into many editions.

Lt William Harvey Hooper was ship's purser on HMS ALEXANDER, HMS HECLA and HMS FURY, 1818-1825. He died, 1833.

Hope entered the Navy in 1811. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1817 and to commander in 1822 and commanded the BRISK, Nore, 1824 to 1826. He was promoted to captain in 1826. Between 1830 and 1834 he commanded the TYNE, South America. From January to July 1835 he commanded the DUBLIN, fitting out at Plymouth. Between 1841 and 1845 he was Senior Officer at Chusan during the First China War. He was made Superintendant of Sheerness Dockyard and captain of the MONARCH, guardship of the ordinary at Sheerness, 1851 to 1854. He was promoted to Rear Admiral and died in 1854.

John Hope was Professor of Botany at Edinburgh University in 1761. He had obtained his MD at Glasgow in 1750, and was later elected FRS.

June M Hopkins raised several orphaned duikers and other animals for the Zoo of the University of Ibadan.

The Ebers Papyrus was named after its owner, Georg Moritz Ebers (1837-1898) and comprises an ancient Egyptian text on medicine. A translation from ancient Egyptian into German was published by Dr. Heinrich Joachim in 1890. These papers comprise a translation of Joachim's work into English by Dr. Arthur F. Hopkirk.

Born 1896; educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, the City School, Lincoln, and Loughborough College; served in World War One, 1914-1918; service on Western Front with Corps of Royal Engineers, 1915-1918; Associate Member, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1924; Civil and Mechanical Engineer, ICI Limited, 1925-1939; Officer Commanding 107 Company, Corps of Royal Engineers (Reserve), Territorial Army, 1931-1935; Fellow, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1933; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Assistant Director of Works, General Headquarters, BEF (British Expeditionary Force), France, 1939-1940; awarded OBE, 1940; Deputy Chief Engineer, Home Forces, 1940-1941, and Western Command, 1941; Deputy Controller, Military Works Services, War Office, 1941-1943; Director of Fortifications and Works, War Office, 1943-1945; Assistant Secretary, ICI Limited, 1945-1958; awarded CBE, 1946; Member, Central Advisory Water Committee, Ministry of Housing and Local Government, 1951-1969; Member of the Bowes Committee, Committee of Inquiry into Inland Waterways, 1956-1958; Hon Secretary and Vice President, Royal Institution, 1960-1968; Vice Chairman, Isle of Wight River and Water Authority, 1964-1973; Vice President, Round Tables on Pollution, 1965-1973; Member of Council, Solent Protection Society, 1975-1985; UK Representative to Council of European Industrial Federations; Hon Life Member, Solent Protection Society; died 1992.

Born 7 January 1871, the son of Albert Horder, of Shaftesbury. He was educated privately, and at the University of London and St Bartholomew's Hospital, London.
Horder served as Captain (temp. Major) Royal Army Medical Corps; Adviser to Minister of Food and President of Food Education Society; Chairman of Committee advising Ministry of Labour and National Service on medical questions connected with Recruiting; Chairman of Shelter Hygiene Committee of Ministry of Home Security and Ministry of Health; Hon. Consulting Physician to Ministry of Pensions; Consulting Physician Cancer Hospital, Fulham; President, Harveian Society of London; Chairman of British Empire Cancer Campaign and Chairman Advisory Scientific Committee; Chairman of Advisory Committee, Mount Vernon Hospital; President of Fellowship of Medicine; Consulting Physician to the Royal Orthopædic Hospital, to the Royal Northern Hospital and to the Hospitals of Bury St Edmunds, Swindon, Bishop's Stortford, Leatherhead, Beckenham and Finchley. He was also a member of numerous associations and committees.
He was awarded GCVO, 1938; (KCVO, 1925); Kt, 1918; MD; BSc; Hon. DCL (Dunelm.); Hon. MD (Melbourne and Adelaide); FRCP. In 1923 he was created Thomas Jeeves Horder, Baronet of Shaston; in 1933 created, 1st Baron Horder, of Ashford in the County of Southampton.
He also held the positions of Deputy Lieutenant County of Hampshire; Extra Physician to the Queen (formerly Extra Physician to King George VI); and Consulting Physician to St Bartholomew's Hospital.
In 1902 Horder married Geraldine Rose Doggett (died 1954), of Newnham Manor, Hertfordshire. He died 13 August 1955.
Publications
Clinical Pathology in Practice; with a short account of Vaccine-Therapy, Oxford Medical Publications. 1907; Cerebro-spinal Fever, Oxford War Primers 1915; Medical Notes, London, 1921; A Preliminary Communication concerning the "Electronic Reactions" of Abrams with special reference to the "Emanometer" Technique of Boyd. Read before ... the Sections of Medicine and Electro-Therapeutics of the Royal Society of Medicine by Sir T. Horder on behalf of M. D. Hart, C. B. Heald, etc. J. Bale & Co, London, 1925; with A E Gow, The Essentials of Medical Diagnosis, Cassell & Co, London, 1928; Obscurantism, Watts & Co, London, 1938; Health & a Day. Addresses, J. M. Dent & Sons: London, 1937; Rheumatism. Notes on its causes, its incidence and its prevention; with a plan for national action in collaboration with the Empire Rheumatism Council, H. K. Lewis & Co, London, [1941]; Fifty Years of Medicine. [An expanded version of three Harben lectures delivered at the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene, 1952.], Gerald Duckworth & Co, London, 1953; with Sir Charles Dodds and T Moran, Bread. The chemistry and nutrition of flour and bread, with an introduction to their history and technology, Constable, London, 1954.

Horder qualified MB 1898, MD 1899. After holding house appointments at St Bartholomew's Hospital and the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, he was appointed to the honorary staff of the Great Northern Hospital in 1900 and the Cancer Hospital, Fulham, in 1906. In 1912 he became a consultant at St Bartholomew's and remained there until his retirement in 1936 (Senior Physician 1933-1936). He was attached in a consulting capacity to the Royal Northern Hospital, the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, the Royal Cancer Hospital and several hospitals outside London. During the First World War he was Captain, RAMC, attached to 1st London General Hospital. He was knighted in 1918 and made a baronet in 1926 and a baron in 1933.

He was appointed honorary consultant to the Ministry of Pensions in 1939 and medical advisor to London Transport in 1940 and to Lord Woolton at the Ministry of Food in 1941. He was president of the Eugenics Society from 1935 until his death, chairman of the Empire Rheumatism Council 1936-1953, and chairman of the scientific advisory committee of the British Empire Cancer Campaign (BECC) and later of its grand council, as well as being involved in many other bodies as diverse as the Family Planning Association (FPA) and the Noise Abatement Society. Further details can be found in obituaries and appreciations in file GP/31/A.3, and in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

Horfield Health Centre is in Bristol.

No information was available at the time of compilation.

R.S. Phipps Hornby, son of Sir Geoffrey Phipps Hornby, entered the Navy in 1879. He became a lieutenant in 1886. From 1901 to 1903 he commanded the PYLADES on the Australian Station and was promoted to captain in 1903. While commanding the DIANA in the Mediterranean, 1904 to 1906, he was involved in the Akbar boundary dispute. After commanding the GLORY in home waters from 1907 to 1908, he was appointed Captain of the Vernon (the naval torpedo school) where he remained until 1911. He then commanded the SWIFTSURE, INFLEXIBLE and MONARCH before being promoted to rear-admiral in 1913. Re was Commander-in-Chief, North America and West Indies Station, 1914 to 1915, when he went in the GLORY to reinforce the Allied Fleet at the Dardanelles. He was invalided during this voyage for the rest of the war and was engaged in torpedo work. He was involved between 1917 and 1920 in the work of several Admiralty committees, including the Submarine Committee, the Armament Personnel Committee and the Post-War Reconstruction Committee. He was promoted to admiral in 1922 on the retired list.

See sub-fonds level descriptions for individual biographies.

Geoffrey Phipps Hornby, son of Sir Phipps Hornby, entered the Navy in 1837 and became a lieutenant in 1844. In 1852 he was promoted to captain but remained on half-pay until 1858, after which he commanded the TRIBUNE, China, 1858 to 1860, NEPTUNE, flagship, Mediterranean, 1861 to 1862, and EDGAR, flagship, Channel, 1863 to 1865. In 1865 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief on the west coast of Africa. He was promoted to rear-admiral in 1869 and commanded the Flying Squadron in the LIVERPOOL on its voyage round the world, 1869 to 1871, and then the Channel Squadron from 1871 to 1874. Hornby was one of the Lords of the Admiralty from 1875 to 1877. He was promoted to vice-admiral in 1875. From 1877 to 1880 he was Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean. He played an important part in the Balkan crisis of 1878, for which he was knighted and was promoted to admiral in 1879. He was President of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, 1881 to 1882, and Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth, 1882 to 1885. In 1885 he commanded an Evolutionary Squadron and became Admiral of the Fleet in 1888. See Mrs Frederick Egerton, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Geoffrey Phipps Hornby, G.C.B., a biography (London, 1896).

Hornby entered the Navy in 1797, was promoted to lieutenant in 1804 and to captain in 1810. He was in command of the VOLAGE in the Mediterranean, 1810 to 1811, and took part in the action off Lissa in March 1811. From 1812 to 1814 he commanded the STAG at the Cape of Good Hope and from 1814 to 1816 the SPARTAN in the Mediterranean. Between 1816 and 1832 he was on ashore on half-pay. He then held several posts ashore until his promotion to rear-admiral in 1846. From 1847 to 1850 he was Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Station. On his return he served briefly as a Lord of the Admiralty. He became a vice-admiral in 1854 and an admiral in 1858.

Son of Admiral R.S. Phipps Hornby (q.v.), W.M. Phipps Hornby entered the Navy in 1909. After his time at the Royal Naval Colleges at Osborne and Dartmouth and in the training ship Cumberland, he was appointed midshipman in 1914 in the Hampshire, moving to the Warspite in 1915. He was promoted to sub-lieutenant in 1916, joined the Ramillies in 1917, was promoted to lieutenant in 1918, to lieutenant-commander in 1925 and retired in 1932

Until 1945 Hornchurch was part of the Romford parliamentary constituency. The party for the Hornchurch Urban District Council area was the Hornchurch Central Labour Party, which sent delegates to the Romford Divisional Labour Party. In 1945 Romford was split into the Barking, Dagenham, Romford and Hornchurch parliamentary constituencies, and on 15 March 1945, Hornchurch Divisional Labour Party was formed. Hornchurch Constituency Labour Party is an alternative title for this body. As a result of the redistribution of parliamentary boundaries in 1969, the Hornchurch Constituency Labour Party ceased to exist in March 1971. Its successor was the Havering-Hornchurch Constituency Labour Party.

Herbert Horne was born in London, 1864 and worked there as an architect, in partnership with A H Mackmurdo, during the 1880s and early 1890s. From the mid 1890s onwards he worked more on Italian art history, moving to Florence permanently in about 1904. He died in 1916.

John Horne took his MD at Edinburgh in 1859 and practised in Scarborough. He became Honorary Consulting Surgeon to the Scarborough Hospital and Dispensary, and Honorary Consulting Physician to the Scarborough Cottage Hospital. He was also a Justice of the Peace. His date of death is given variously as 1911 or 1913.

Joseph Christopher William Horne worked for many years in the British Museum Library and was well known as a translator of Hungarian poetry.

Born, 1861; educated Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, 1878-1880; Royal Artillery, 1880; staff captain, Meerut, 1890; adjutant of the Royal Horse Artillery, Kirkee; 1892; served in the South African War, 1899-1902; served in World War One, 1914-1918; general officer commanding-in-chief, Eastern Command, 1918-1920; Baron [1919]; aide-de-camp general to King George V, 1920; retired from Army, 1926; died 1929.

The firm originates from the partnership of Randolph Horne and John Engall which formed and developed throughout the latter nineteenth century. Harry Scott Freeman became a partner in the firm around 1900. Mr. Engall retired about 1910, Mr. Horne having retired some twenty years earlier.

The firm or one of its members acted as clerk to many public bodies, including the Staines-Hampton and the Bedfont-Bagshot Turnpike Trusts, the Staines Bridge Commission, the Cranford Sewer Authority, the Staines Local Board, and the local Tax Commissioners. They were also clerk to private companies and institutions, including Staines Independent Chapel, Staines and Egham Gas and Coke Company, the Staines Scientific and Literary Society and the Spelthorne Militia. Mr. Scott Freeman served as Deputy Acting Returning Officer for the Spelthorne Division in the 1918 and 1922 General Elections.

Horne and Engall were both stewards of local manors, and it is no doubt due to this fact that these archives first came to include court rolls, court books, surveys, and a large number of copies of court rolls for the manors of Staines, Ashford, Stanwell, and Hammonds and Milton in Surrey. However, Mr. Engall acquired the lordship of the manor of Ashford in 1890, and Mr. Scott Freeman subsequently became lord of all the Middlesex manors just mentioned, thus becoming owner of the relevant manorial documents.

Leonard Horner was born and educated in Edinburgh. He worked initially in his family's linen business and later, unsuccessfully, as an underwiter at Lloyd's insurance office; after his father's death in 1829 he had a private income. From 1833 to 1859 he was a member of the Royal Commission on the employment of children in factories and worked hard to ensure that factory workers received the legal protection to which they were entitled. Horner was very interested in scholarship: in 1821 he founded the Edinburgh School of Arts (later to become Herriot-Watt University) and was the first warden and secretary of the new University of London (later University College London) during 1827-1831. His keenest interest was in geology and he served twice as president of the Geological Society (1845-1846 and 1860-1861), controversially allowing women to attend meetings during his second term of office. In 1813 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

Francis Horner, 1778-1817, studied at Edinburgh, was called to the Scottish Bar in 1800, and joined the English Bar in 1807. He was MP for St Ives in 1806, for Wendover in 1807, and was returned for St Mawes in 1813. As an MP he took part in debates on the Corn Law and slavery in 1813-1815, and proposed a measure to regulate the proceedings of the Irish grand juries in 1816. As chairman of the bullion committee in 1810, he recommended early resumption of cash payments. Francis Horner also translated Euler's Elements of Algebra in 1797 and published Short Account of a late Short Administration in 1807.

The Hornsey Central Hospital, formerly the Hornsey Cottage Hospital, at Park Road, Crouch End, was built by Hornsey Borough Council on land donated by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. Although the foundation stone was laid in 1907, the hospital did not open until January 1910.

The building was extended three times, in 1921, 1938 and 1956, and in 1927 changed its name to the Hornsey Central Hospital, mainly because of difficulties recruiting nursing staff, who were unwilling to work in a cottage hospital.

Until 1974 it was a general hospital but from 1974 until 1981 it specialised in acute cases. Since 1981 the hospital has dealt mainly with geriatric patients.

After the introduction of the National Health Service in 1948, Hornsey Central Hospital was administered by the North West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board, and, on a local level, by the Archway Group Hospital Management Committee from 1948 to 1963 and by its successor the North London Group from 1963 to 1974. Since 1974 the hospital has been the responsibility of the North East Thames Regional Health Authority and the Islington District Health Authority, which amalgamated with the Bloomsbury Health Authority in 1990 to become the Bloomsbury and Islington District Health Authority.

The introduction of the National Health Service in 1948 caused many and widespread changes in the management of London hospitals. The Northern Group Hospital Management Committee was set up to administer the Royal Northern and seven other hospitals, which now formed the Northern Group of Hospitals. These other hospitals were the Northaw House Children's Hospital, Highlands Hospital, Wood Green and Southgate Hospital, and the City of London Maternity Hospital. The Maternity Nursing Association was also affiliated to the group.

Collected by Art and Design Learning Resources, Middlesex Polytechnic.

The Domestic Design collection was begun in the 1950s by staff at the former Hornsey College of Art at a time when books on 19th and early 20th Century architecture and designs could be acquired very cheaply. In the 1960s the acquisitions policy was extended to include trade catalogues of mostly British furnishers, upholsterers and interior decorators, and continues to the present day.

In 1882, Charles Swinstead (1815-1890), an artist and art teacher, selected a site at Crouch End Hill, north London, and commissioned a purpose-built private school of art complete with teaching studios and an adjacent headmaster's house. Building was completed in 1882 and the Hornsey School of Art was opened officially in the autumn of the same year.At the first meeting of the Committee of the School on 18 August 1882, responsibility for its financial and administrative control was formally invested in the owner and headmaster, Charles Swinstead. At first the School was only open on three mornings and three evenings a week, later extended to a five-day week and Saturday mornings. Subjects taught included drawing, oil painting, watercolour painting, geometry and perspective. Swinstead's role was gradually taken over by his son, Frank Hillyard Swinstead, who became headmaster on his father's death in 1890.
In 1894, the management structure of the School changed. Regular annual grants from Middlesex County Council were initiated in this year, and the School's Committee was replaced by a Joint Committee with the Council. The Joint Committee acquired greater responsibility, and was soon answerable for most aspects of the running of the School. The curriculum was expanded to include subjects of industrial and practical value, such as modelling, design and wood carving. By 1904, the School was under the joint control of the Board of Education and the Middlesex County Council. Numbers were increasing, and the need for larger accommodation led to the conversion of the headmaster's house into teaching rooms.
Following World War One, when more classes relating to trade, such as lithography, etching and fashion drawing, were added to the curriculum, the County Council took over full financial responsibility for the School from the Swinstead family (1920) and appointed a reconstituted governing body. The Council bought the freehold of the property in 1925. Frank Swinstead was succeeded as headmaster in 1927 by John Charles Moody, who presided over a major development of the School buildings. A new extension was opened in 1931, and in the same year the School was renamed the Hornsey School of Arts and Crafts'. Student numbers continued to grow, and teaching subjects soon included graphics and printing. Teaching continued throughout World War Two, despite bomb damage to the buildings, and in 1944 photography was added to the curriculum. In 1947, Moody retired and J G Platt was appointed principal of the School. In 1951, the School became a constituent college of the University of London Institute of Education for the purposes of awarding the Art Teachers Certificate, and in 1952 was renamed theHornsey College of Arts and Crafts'. This was subsequently abbreviated to `Hornsey College of Art'. Platt retired in 1957 and was replaced by Harold Herbert Shelton during a period of great reforms in advanced art education, and the introduction of the Diploma in Art and Design (DipAD). The College grew rapidly, expanding into several annexes scattered around north London. In 1965, the London Government Act removed the College from the control of Middlesex County Council and made it the responsibility of the newly formed Borough of Haringey.
The 1970s saw a huge change in the life of the College, when building began at a site in Cat Hill with the intention of housing the whole College; the work was finished in 1979. In 1973, the Hornsey College of Art had merged with Enfield and Hendon Colleges to form Middlesex Polytechnic, and 1981 saw the final removal from the Crouch End Hill site.

The Hornsey Housing Trust was founded in 1933 by Margaret Hill, C.B.E. Its object was to convert houses for occupation by more than one family and to let them at low rents to help those on low incomes to find improved accommodation. Increasingly the trust provided homes for elderly persons. Hornsey Borough Council provided loans to assist in the purchase of property for conversion. After the Second World War, the trust joined with other charitable organisations to build homes, mainly for the elderly. It still continues to acquire properties for rehabilitation.

The trust is administered by a Committee of Management. A full time housing manager was first appointed in about 1945. Previously, this work and that of collecting rents was carried out by unpaid volunteers.