T.R.S. Limited was registered in 1957 as an investment company. It was a subsidiary of Rubber Plantations Investment Trust Limited. T.R.S Limited was dormant from 1980, and in 1986 it went into voluntary liquidation.
This firm was established as tea merchants and commission agents in Amoy, China, in 1846. An interest in the company was acquired by Irwin Harrisons and Whitney (CLC/B/112-089) in 1922. In 1926 it became a limited company. Irwin Harrisons and Whitney purchased the Taipeh part of the business in 1927. The Amoy part of the business continued as an unlimited partnership but later went bankrupt.
In 1947 Harrisons, King and Irwin (CLC/B/112-083) acquired share capital from Harrisons and Crosfield Limited and Irwin Harrisons and Whitney. Tait and Company was a wholly owned subsidiary of Harrisons, King and Irwin until it was liquidated in 1963, after which it was owned by Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112). In 1990 the company was sold by Harrisons and Crosfield Limited as part of its general trading division.
For historical notes on Tait and Co see CLC/B/112/MS37392 and CLC/B/112/MS38199. For staff lists see CLC/B/112/MS37340-1.
Tanah Datar Rubber Estates Limited was registered in 1912 to acquire Tanah Datar and Doesoen estates in the province of Batoe Bahara, Sumatra, Indonesia. Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112) replaced Bright and Galbraith as secretaries and agents of the company in 1952. It held this post until 1967.
Tandjong Rubber Company Limited was registered in 1907 to acquire Tandjong Kassau estates in the district of Batoe Bahara, on the East Coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. In 1960 it was acquired by London Sumatra Plantations Limited (CLC/B/112-110). In April 1982 it became a private company.
Technical Advisory and Service Company Limited was formed in 1963 as general engineering consultants. It was a wholly owned subsidiary of Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112-001-016). One of its principal activities was the selling, on an agency basis, of palm oil processing machinery.
United Serdang (Sumatra) Rubber Plantations Limited was registered in 1907 to acquire Begerpang and Namoe Rambei estates in Serdang, Sumatra. In 1927 it took over Amalgamated Rubber and General Estates Limited and Amalgamated (Rubber) Development Co Limited.
Its estates and assets in Sumatra were vested in N.V. Landbouw Maatschappij Senggoro, N.V. Nagodang Rubber Maatschappij and N.V. Vereenigde Plantage Maatschappij. In 1960 it was acquired by London Sumatra Plantations Limited (CLC/B/112-110); in April 1982 it became a private company.
Wallardie Tea Estates Limited was registered in 1913 to acquire estates in Travancore, South India. In 1923 it was acquired by Malayalam Plantations Limited (CLC/B/112-113).
This company was registered in 1926 in Kuala Lumpur to produce linatex and other crepe rubber. It had a factory in Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaya. It was partly owned by Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112-001-016), and Harrisons and Crosfield (Malaya) Limited (CLC/B/112-071) acted as secretaries for the company.
Harrisons and Crosfield Limited and, from 1930, Wilkinson Rubber Linatex Limited (CLC/B/112-166) acted as sole concessionaires in Europe of the company's products.
In 1966 its name was changed to Wilkinson Process Rubber Company Berhad, and from 1990 it was known as Linatex Process Rubber Berhad. In 1989 Harrisons and Crosfield became the majority shareholder.
For staff lists see CLC/B/112/MS37341.
In 1867 Herbert Chappell founded a firm of tailors, H. Chappell, at 81 Bishopsgate Street. Chappell was originally from Woodbridge, Suffolk, where his father was also a tailor. In 1892 the business moved to 50 Gresham Street, where it remained until it was sold in 1964. In 1923 the name of the business became Herbert Chappell Limited. Further information on the history of the company can be found in CLC/B/114/MS35214.
The firm was established in Colombo, Ceylon [Sri Lanka] in the 1860s as an import/export shipping agency house. It was acquired by the first Earl of Inchcape in 1918. An associated company, Delmege, Allen and Company (CLC/B/123-21) was established in 1919 to act for Delmege, Forsyth and Company in the United Kingdom. Both companies were part of the Inchcape Group of companies.
Duncan Macneill and Company Limited was incorporated in London in 1951, giving limited liability and a new name to Macneill Barry and Company, a merger in 1950 of the old-established partnerships Duncan Macneill and Company and J B Barry and Son.
DUNCAN MACNEILL AND COMPANY: established in London in the 1870s by Duncan Macneill and John MacKinnon, nephews of Sir William MacKinnon (for details of the shipping, trading and agency firms established by MacKinnon, see the Inchcape Group introductory note in CLC/B/123). The firm handled the UK end of agency business in shipping, coal, tea and jute transacted by its associated firm, Macneill and Company of Calcutta.
NB: see also Rivers Steam Navigation Company (CLC/B/123-47) for records of Duncan Macneill and Co's management of Rivers Steam Navigation Company.
J B BARRY AND SON: set up in London in the 1860s by the son of Dr J B Barry, a tea garden doctor (or horticulturist) from Assam. Concerned initially with the sale of tea shipped to London by its sister firm Barry and Company of Calcutta, its interests expanded thereafter to include the handling of oil cake, jute and coal.
In 1915 Lord Inchcape, as commercial successor to Sir William MacKinnon, took over the Macneill and Barry partnerships in England and India. The firm was incorporated in 1951 in the period of company restructuring overseen by the third Earl Inchcape prior to the launch of Inchcape and Company Limited in 1958. It was included in the new enterprise as a principal subsidiary.
Duncan Macneill and Company had offices at 7 Lothbury, ca. 1880-6; Winchester House, 50 Old Broad Street, 1887-1926. J B Barry and Son had offices at 110 Cannon Street, c 1880-1918; Winchester House, 50 Old Broad Street 1919-26. Thereafter, both firms shared premises at 117-118 Leadenhall Street 1927-53; Dunster House, Mincing Lane 1954-61, and 40 St Mary Axe 1962-88.
This company, of Bengal, India, was part of the Inchcape Group of companies.
This company, operating in Assam, India, in the 19th and 20th centuries, was part of the Inchcape Group.
This company, operating in Assam, India, was part of the Inchcape Group.
This company acted as shipping agents and managers of Australasian United Steam Navigation Company (see CLC/B/123-07). Both companies were part of the Inchcape Group of companies.
This company of tea growers and manufacturers, operating in Assam, India, 1865-1969, was part of the Inchcape Group of companies.
This company was part of the Inchcape Group of companies.
The firm was established as a partnership in Zanzibar in 1875, to manage the East African mail contract granted to the British India Steam Navigation Company in 1872. Archibald Smith had earlier worked for W. MacKinnon and Company (CLC/B/123-57) in Glasgow; Edmund N. MacKenzie had had experience in London of the operations of Gray, Dawes and Company (CLC/B/123-30). From the first, Gray, Dawes and Company enjoyed strong links with the firm, having invested heavily in its launch.
As agents of the British India Steam Navigation Company, Smith, MacKenzie and Company were soon involved in the import and export of goods carried alongside the mail. BI ships brought in British and British Indian goods, rice and cotton among them.
Locally produced exports included cloves, chillies, coconuts, copra and ivory. Agency work extended to include the representation of the Union Steam Navigation Company, Lloyd's, Reuters and several British insurance companies. The firm also furnished the expeditionary and military needs of the Imperial British East Africa Company, and, from its formation in 1895, the East Africa Protectorate (covering the territory of modern Kenya and Tanzania, excluding Zanzibar). It was further responsible for supplying coal to British and German naval vessels in the area; an activity which proved especially significant during World War One. WJW Nicol joined the staff in Zanzibar as an assistant in 1887, and became a partner in 1890.
Between 1916 and 1923, new offices were opened in Nairobi, Kisumu, Kampala, Dar es Salaam, Tanga and Lindi. Also at this time, the firm's shipping activity was hived off into a subsidiary, the African Wharfage Company Limited. This company soon established its own subsidiaries, including a branch in Tanganyika; the African Marine and General Engineering Company Limited; and the Kenya Landing and Shipping Company Limited.
In 1936, the firm became Smith, MacKenzie and Company Limited, registered in Nairobi with its main East African office in Mombasa. However, it was not until 1950 that the direction of operations moved wholesale to Kenya.
In the preparations for the launching of the Inchcape group in 1958 (see Inchcape Group introductory note), Gray, Dawes and Company Limited increased its shareholding in the firm to 53.03%. A further 29% holding was purchased by the group in 1964.
This company was part of the Inchcape Group of companies.
The Institute of Meat was formed in 1946 as a membership company which provided the organization and management of the UK meat industry training. It was based at 19-20 Holborn Viaduct, 1946-73, 91-3 Charterhouse Street, 1973-85, 56-60 St John Street, and Butchers' Hall, 1985-94, but also held meetings at other venues. Its training and educational roles were taken over in 1993 by the newly-formed Meat Training Council. The Institute continued as an independent body, changing its name at some point after 1995 to the Worshipful Company of Butchers' Guild to reflect its close association with the livery company.
J Tylor and Sons was founded by John Tylor, a Quaker, who was free of the Armourers' and Brasiers' Company in 1778. (The company histories - see MS29374 - mention "Joseph" Tylor and "1777" but do not make any reference to sources. The London trade directories consistently show John Tylor.)
The firm became a limited company in 1892, known as J Tylor and Sons Ltd but underwent two more changes of name, to Tylors (Water and Sanitary) Ltd in 1920 and Tylors of London Ltd in 1947. At first the company specialised in manufacturing tea-urns but gradually expanded its range of items. In the late 19th century J Tylor and Sons were known as hydraulic and sanitary engineers and brass founders and produced water meters, diving suits, soda syphons and urinals as well as many other items. The company appears to have responded quickly to new and growing markets and to have dropped unprofitable lines. In the 20th century a line of bathroom requisites was developed, the motor-car trade appeared briefly and in 1956 all sanitary connections were dropped altogether.
The firm merged with HRI Flowmeters in 1956 and in 1958 became a subsidiary of an American firm, Crane Ltd. In 1975 both firms were incorporated into the General Electric Company.
The firm was based at 75 Wood Street 1778-93; 3 Cripplegate Buildings 1794-1828; College of Physicians, Warwick Lane (later called 2 Newgate Street) 1829-91; 2 Newgate Street and Belle Isle, King's Cross 1892-1907; Belle Isle and 232 Tottenham Court Road 1908-56; and at Burgess Hill, Sussex from 1956.
James Budgett founded H H and S Budgett and Company, wholesale grocers, at 22 Mincing Lane in 1857. The Company moved to 5 Monument Yard in 1858. In 1875 it moved to 22 Eastcheap as a wholesale tea and coffee dealer, while a new firm was founded to carry on its sugar, rice and fruit business at Monument Yard.
James Budgett and Son moved to 3-4 Lawrence Pountney Lane in 1880, 2-4 Idol Lane in 1915 and 60 Mark Lane in 1972. It became a private limited company in 1886. It changed its name to Kirtlington Holdings Limited in 1980, but the old name and the sugar business were continued under new owners, E D and F Mann Limited.
Gordon Lewis Jacobs (b 1880) first appears in the directories as a stockbroker in 1904 at 61 Old Broad Street. In 1910 the firm is listed as Gordon L Jacobs and Company at 3 Tokenhouse Buildings, moving to 2 Austin Friars in 1922, and to 123 Old Broad Street in 1927. The firm merged with Nathan and Rosselli and James Capel and Company in 1961.
Nathan and Rosselli, a firm of stockbrokers, was formed by the partnership of David Nathan (b.1839) and Joseph Rosselli (1860-1930) in 1888. It grew into one of the leading houses doing arbitrage business in New York and Europe. It later specialised in fixed interest securities and US stocks.
The firm was based at initially at 3 Adams Court (1888-95), and subsequently at 7 Adam Court (1895-1958) and 16 Old Broad Street (1958-65). In 1961 it merged with Gordon L Jacobs and Company, but continued to practice as Nathan and Rosselli. In 1965 it merged with James Capel and Company, under whose name the resulting firm was known.
This company began trading as wine and spirit merchants, spirit distillers, and isinglass manufacturers and rectifiers, specialising later on in the manufacture of isinglass and wine filtration aids. The company began trading in 1841 from 11 Mark Lane. By 1842 it had moved to premises at 6 Devonshire Square which housed a distillery, a warehouse and one of the family homes. The family remained there until 1940. The company then moved to Coggeshall, Essex. The company also had premises at 23 Little Britain, 1851-79, and 74 Aldersgate Street, 1856-80. James Vickers appears to have been a substantial City business man. In addition to his business premises, he also owned or rented the following private addresses: 52 Parliament Street, Westminster; 41 Holland Park; and Woodlands, Tooting
James Vickers and his brother Edward were partners between circa 1841 and 1863 when the partnership was legally dissolved. Upon James Vickers' death (30 April 1877), Edward Vickers was once more actively involved with the company for a short time, primarily with the premises at 74 Aldersgate Street. Some of the Vickers papers are family and household papers relating to the division of James Vickers' estate and the provisions he had made for his children. His widow, Mrs Frances Vickers, became a partner with John Watney and oversaw the company as executors of James Vickers' estate until October 1887 when their partnership was legally dissolved. In 1887 John Watney retired from his position in favour of S.F. Vickers.
Janson, Cobb, Pearson and Company, solicitors, of 22 College Hill (1900-79); previously of 83 Basinghall Street (1728-1820), 4 Basinghall Street (1821-65), and 41 Finsbury Circus (1866-1900). Until 1885, the records are those of a succession of partners working under partnership agreements, in their own names, at the addresses above. Since 1885, the partners have retained the title Janson, Cobb, Pearson and Co. Partners prior to 1885 were as follows: Nathaniel Cole (1728-58), John Partridge (1758-74), Godfrey Kettle (1763-91), Thomas Loggen (1780-1810), James Pearson (1792-1803), Richard Smith (1804-37), George Rickards (1811-25), Robert Riddell Bayley (1826-52), Frederick Halsey Janson (1836-1913), Charles Cooper (1852-4), Thomas Pix Cobb (1855-98), and John Michael Pearson (1825-92). See Ms 18743 for a list of partners giving further details, 1728-1966.
Richard Kelsey was surveyor to the City of London Commissioners of Sewers, 1832-46.
Kleinworts was founded in 1855 by Alexander Kleinwort, although its origins may be traced to Herman Greverus, who established a business as a merchant at 3 White Hart Court, Lombard Street, in 1830. He formed a partnership with Edward Cohen in 1851 under the style Greverus and Cohen and retired in 1855, whereupon Alexander Kleinwort became Cohen's partner, and the firm was restyled Kleinwort and Cohen. Kleinwort had served an apprenticeship and gained some experience as a merchant in Hamburg before going, in 1838, to Havana, Cuba, then an international trading centre based upon its sugar, coffee and tobacco production. In Cuba he became acquainted with his future business partners, Edward Cohen and James Drake, and gained further experience as a merchant and banker. He also accumulated sufficient capital to establish business in London with Edward Cohen.
In 1858, James Drake became a partner, contributing capital and his name, but taking no part in running the partnership, which was known as Drake, Kleinwort and Cohen. He died in 1871 and the firm then became Kleinwort, Cohen and Company, with 80 % of the capital supplied by Kleinwort.
In 1881, Herman Greverus Kleinwort, Alexander's elder son, became a partner, and, in 1883, when Edward Cohen retired, Alexander's younger son, Alexander Drake Kleinwort, also became a partner, the firm being renamed Kleinwort, Sons and Company. Alexander senior died in 1886 and the business was continued by his two sons until 1907, when their nephew Herman Anton Andreae also became a partner. Alexander Drake Kleinwort was created a baronet in 1909, and Herman Greverus Kleinwort retired from active participation in the partnership in 1914.
In 1927, Sir Alexander Drake Kleinwort's two sons, Ernest Greverus Kleinwort and Cyril Hugh Kleinwort, were brought into the partnership. Sir Alexander Drake Kleinwort died in 1935. His brother Herman Greverus Kleinwort withdrew completely from the partnership in 1939 and died in 1942. In 1945 Herman Kleinwort Andreae, son of Herman Andreae, became a partner.
In 1948 the partnership became a private limited company, and in 1955 the company changed its name to Kleinworts Limited and became the holding company for a new company, Kleinwort, Sons and Company, which was created to carry on the banking business formerly conducted under the same name. In 1961 a merger with the firm of Robert Benson, Lonsdale and Company, investment bankers, created Kleinwort, Benson Limited.
The firm had offices at 3 White Hart Court, Lombard Street, 1830-54; 4 Cullum Street, 1855-9; 7 Mincing Lane, 1859-66; and 20 Fenchurch Street from 1867. It is variously described in London directories as merchants; merchants and foreign bankers; and bankers and commission merchants.
A subsidiary of Rood Lane Properties Limited, engaged in the business of letting office accommodation at 13 Rood Lane, City of London.
Victor Kullberg was a watch and chronometer maker, of 105 Liverpool Road, Islington (before 1869 known as 12 Cloudesly Terrace).
The company has its origins in the formation of Lambert, Ridley and Company, coal factors and ship and insurance brokers in 1845. By 1869 the name had changed to Lambert Brothers and Scott, with a head office at 85, Gracechurch Street, London. The company expanded and moved into other areas of business including: the merchanting and exporting of coal; ownership of carrying vessels; insurance of ship and cargo and purchase and sale of ships.
Newton Dunn joined the company in 1876, became a partner in 1892, and the first chairman of Lambert Brothers Limited in 1902. The newly formed public company continued as coal depot proprietors, coal exporters, foreign coaling agents, and shipowners and ship and insurance brokers. Coal remained the mainstream of the business, but the company moved increasingly to more diverse areas, like ship and aircraft brokering. Later years saw the expansion of overseas business, notably with the installation of a subsidiary, Ybarrola Depositos de Aceite Combustible S.A., at Bilboa to meet bunkering and agency needs of ships involved in the export of iron ore.
Lambert Brothers Limited was bought by Hill Samuel in 1968, who were in turn acquired by TSB Group Plc. In May 1992 the shipping business was purchased by Inchcape Group, although the company is still owned by TSB and called Endeavour Marine Services.
John Lane, of King Street, Covent Garden, was an attorney-at-law, as were his son Thomas Lane and grandson John Lane. Thomas was clerk to the Goldsmiths' Company from 1785-1820 and was succeeded as clerk by his son John (1820-52).
The firm was established by six lawyers in 1836 as Legal and General Life Assurance Society with offices at 10 Fleet Street, City of London. It changed its name to Legal and General Assurance Society in 1919. Its head office moved to Temple Court, Queen Victoria Street in 1962. The company initially dealt with life assurance business, but grew to become a major financial services company also providing pensions, investments and general insurance plans.
The firm was established by six lawyers in 1836 as Legal and General Life Assurance Society with offices at 10 Fleet Street, City of London. It changed its name to Legal and General Assurance Society in 1919. Its head office moved to Temple Court, Queen Victoria Street in 1962. The company initially dealt with life assurance business, but grew to become a major financial services company also providing pensions, investments and general insurance plans.
The Victory Insurance Company was based successively at Lombard House, King William Street, Leadenhall Street, and, after 1971, Folkestone. It was founded in 1919 and taken over by Legal and General Assurance Society in 1973.
The first recorded meeting of the Liverpool Independent Legal Victoria Burial Society took place on 3 March 1843. From as early as 1845, the Society did not confine its activities to the city of Liverpool, and in 1845 collectors were established in Runcorn, Chester, Warrington, Ormskirk and Northwich. By 1863, its operations had extended to Scotland, Ireland and Wales, and in England as far north as Newcastle and as far west as Plymouth, with outposts in London. Prior to the Friendly Societies Act of 1875, the society was governed by a committee of management (general committee) and a sub-committee. The decisions of the sub-committee, which met weekly, were ratified at the quarterly meetings of the management committee. From 1875, Liverpool Victoria was governed by a single body called the committee of management or general committee which consisted of two officers, eight district managers or agents and ten employees. In 1906 it was proposed that the society should be converted to a limited liability company. This move was opposed by some members, who formed a Members' Defence Committee, and published a number of anti-conversion leaflets. The dispute was put to external arbitration, which decided that although the conversion could not take place, the society could form a subsidiary to promote its interests. As a result, the Liverpool Victoria Insurance Corporation was established in 1907.
Under the National Insurance Act of 1911 a system of compulsory health insurance for the working-class was established, to be administered by "approved societies". In 1912 the Liverpool Victoria Approved Society was constituted. By the end of that year it had over 350,000 members and later became one of the largest and most successful of the Approved Societies. Between 1843 and 1861 the society was known variably as the Liverpool Victoria Burial Society, Victoria Legal Burial Society or Liverpool Victoria Legal Burial Society. From about 1861, it was called the Liverpool Victoria Legal Friendly Society. In 1918 the name was changed to the Liverpool Victoria Friendly Society.
The society was based in Liverpool at 37 Blake Street (1843-51), 49 Great Newton Street (1851-67), 32 Great Newton Street (1868), 23 Islington (1870-80) and 144 Islington (1881-5). In 1885 the society moved its chief office to London and was based at 18 St Andrew Street (1885-1926), "Victoria House", Southampton Row (1926-97). In around 1998 the chief office was moved to County Gates in Bournemouth.
In the late seventeenth century, Edward Lloyd opened a coffee house in Tower Street, and later Lombard Street, where merchants and bankers were accustomed to meet to write insurance on ships and cargoes. In 1769, a group of such underwriters, who wished to distance themselves from a reputation for speculation, set up a New Lloyd's coffee house, at 5 Pope's Head Alley. Lloyd's first took on a collective identity when, two years later, the underwriters paid a subscription and elected a Committee, with the intention of establishing themselves in more suitable quarters and regulating the conduct of their business.
Lloyd's was governed by the Committee according to a constitution defined by a trust deed of 1811 and redefined by an Act of Parliament of 1871, which incorporated Lloyd's, and later Acts of 1888, 1911, 1925 and 1951. The management structure was revised under the terms of the Lloyd's Act of 1982 which established the Council of Lloyd's as the new governing body with powers to regulate the business of insurance at Lloyd's. The Committee of Lloyd's continued in existence with reduced powers.
Lloyd's remains a market for marine insurance, although, in the twentieth century, its business has expanded into other areas of insurance. Lloyd's was established at the Royal Exchange in 1774, and remained there until 1928, with only a brief interruption between the years 1838-44, following a fire. From 1928, Lloyd's occupied a site on the corner of Lime Street and Leadenhall Street; subsequently opening a new building, on the other side of Lime Street, in 1957, and another new building, on the original site, in 1986.
The inland section of the Federation of British Wholesale Fish Merchants' Associations was formed in 1936 to represent the concerns of inland wholesalers. It resigned from the federation in 1938 over differences with the coastal section.
The London Fish Trade Association was formed in 1880 as the London Fish Salesman's Association to protect the interests of Billingsgate merchants. It changed its name to the London Fish Trade Association in 1881. From 1884 it occupied the subscription rooms in Billingsgate Market. From 1934 the Association operated coastal advice and bulking schemes for the benefit of members; various other schemes were undertaken later.
The Association was incorporated in 1946 as the London Fish Merchants' Association (Billingsgate) Ltd (see CLC/B/151-01), and a trading company, London Wholesale Fish Trade (Billingsgate) Ltd (see CLC/B/151-05), was formed at the same time to take over the operation of the various schemes.
The Federation was established to represent inland wholesale fish merchants of Great Britain, to promote commerce and to protect the rights and interests of members.
The company's offices were successively at 49-51 Eastcheap and 21 Mincing Lane.
The National Society for the Exemption of Plant and Machinery from Rating was formed in 1887. It was succeeded in 1893 by the Machinery Users' Association which was incorporated in 1905. It was established to achieve reform in the system of rating of plant and machinery. With the Rating and Valuation Act of 1925 it achieved its main objective.
In 1905 the Association had widened its objectives to include all matters of interest to the owners and users of machinery, assisting its members in appeals against rating assessments. This led, in 1913, to the establishment of a surveying and rating department within the Association, whose services included revaluations and monitoring prospective legislation.
In 1981 MUA Property Services was established, offering advice to industry and commerce on property sales, rent reviews, valuations of land and buildings etc.
The Association had offices at Lawrence Pountney Hill (1887-94), Lawrence Pountney Lane (1895-1913), Lawrence Pountney Hill (1913-84), Chancery Lane (1985-9) and Saville House, Lindsey Street (1989-).
In 1802 Matthew Clark began work for a firm of British merchants in Rotterdam. In 1809 another firm, Christopher Idle and Company, sent him to the Dutch island of Walcheren to investigate general trading prospects. Matthew Clark set up his own wine and spirit broking business in 1810. He took E.H. Keeling into partnership with him in 1825, and the business became known as Matthew Clark and Keeling. The firm was an important client of Johannes de Kuyper and Zoon bv of Rotterdam. In 1833 the company was appointed sole London agents of Martell and Company.
E.H. Keeling retired in 1844 and the company was known as Matthew Clark and Son, becoming Matthew Clark and Sons in around 1847. Matthew Clark retired in 1849 and his sons, Gordon Wyatt Clark and Matthew Edward Clark took over the business as sworn brokers and auctioneers. In 1873 the brokering and auctioneering side of the business was given up. They traded many brands of port, sherry, madeira, tarragona, bordeaux and Rhone wines, as well as cognac and gin, and exported to Australia and New Zealand.
In 1920 the business became a limited company. In 1963 the name was changed to Matthew Clark and Sons (Holdings) Limited. It was taken over in 1998.
The company was based at 68 Great Tower Street (1812-21), 72 Great Tower Street (1822-82), 6-7 Great Tower Street (1882-1925), 14 Trinity Square (1925-56) and Walbrook House, 23-29 Walbrook (1956-1972), Moreland Street, Islington (1972-1998).
George Peabody, a partner in Peabody Riggs and Company, merchants of Baltimore, with offices at 31 Moorgate, established his own business as a merchant at the same address in 1838. He ended his association with the American firm in c 1843 and removed to 6 Warnford Court in 1845. In 1852 he took Mr O C Gooch into partnership and the style of the firm changed to George Peabody and Company, merchants.
In 1854 it moved to 22 Old Broad Street. In the same year Junius Spencer Morgan became a partner and upon Peabody's retirement in 1864 the style of the firm became J. S. Morgan and Company (London Directories refer to it as Junius Spencer Morgan and Company until 1895). Edward Grenfell became a full partner in 1904 and the style Morgan Grenfell was adopted on 1 January 1910. Between 1918 and 1934 the bank was a private unlimited company, and in 1934 it became a private limited company.
James Morrison and John Cryder were London-American and general merchants. The company was later known [from about the mid-1840s?] as Morrison, Sons and Company. It had London offices successively at 9 Broad Street Buildings and 62 Moorgate.
The Whittington Life Assurance Company was established in 1855. It was based at 37 Moorgate Street. It moved to 58 Moorgate Street in 1877, where it was located until it was taken over by the National Life Assurance Society in 1894 after 3 years of negotiations.
The National Provident Institution was formed in 1835 as a friendly society, modelled on the Friends Provident Institution, to offer life assurance to a wide range of people. Its first office was at 13 Nicholas Lane; in 1843 it moved to 48 Gracechurch Street and, in 1857 and 1859, 49 and 50 Gracechurch Street were acquired. The existing buildings were demolished and a new office constructed on the site which was opened on 15 December 1862. A new building, incorporating 3 Eastcheap, was erected on the site and opened as the Institution's Head Office in 1960.
In the late 16th-century, there was a pressing need for a fresh water supply to the City of London. Work was begun on a new conduit in 1609, which was completed in 1613. The New River rises from Chadwell Spring in Hertfordshire and ends in the Round Pond at New River Head. The New River Company was incorporated in June 1619.
In 1902 the provision of London's water supply passed to the newly created Metropolitan Water Board. Following this takeover, the New River Company was re-incorporated as a modern property company.
The first Ottoman Bank was formed in 1856 as a British chartered company by a group of London businessmen with interests in Turkey. It was liquidated in 1863 when a new Turkish company, the Imperial Ottoman Bank was formed, with its head office in Istanbul and a board of directors divided between London and Paris. This new Turkish company which absorbed all the business of the old British company, operated under a concession granted by the Turkish government, and acted as the state bank of Turkey. In 1923 the new Turkish republic established its own central bank and the Imperial Ottoman Bank became an ordinary bank. In 1925 the bank reverted to its original title, the Ottoman Bank, as a condition of the renewal of its concession by the Turkish government.
The head office was located in Istanbul, but with management control resting with a board of directors, half of which sat in London and the other half in Paris, decisions taken by one half being subject to ratification by the other. Annual general meetings were held in London. Branches of the bank were opened throughout the Ottoman Empire; these became subsidiary banks when the Empire disintegrated. The branches in Turkey and subsidiaries in Yugoslavia and Syria were the particular interest of the Paris group of directors, while the London group supervised the branches in Egypt, Cyprus, Palestine, Iraq, Iran, Transjordan and Roumania. In 1969 the branches of the bank in London, Cyprus, Jordan, Sudan, Uganda, Arabia and Jersey were taken over by Grindlay's Bank.
The London office had premises at 26 Old Broad Street 1856-62; 4 Bank Buildings, Lothbury 1863-71; 26 Throgmorton Street 1872-1947 (including 27 Throgmorton Street 1925-7); 20-22 Abchurch Lane 1948-58; 18-22 Abchurch Lane 1959-69; 23 Fenchurch Street 1970-71; 2-3 Philpot Lane 1972-83; 3rd floor, Dunster House, 17-21 Mark Lane 1984-7; and King Wiilliam House, 2A Eastcheap from 1988.
This firm of chronometer, clock and watch makers was established in 1801 by William James Frodsham (1778-1850) and William Parkinson (died circa 1842). It traded from 4 Change Alley 1801-90, 16 Queen Victoria Street 1891-2, 35 Royal Exchange 1893-5, 15B Royal Exchange 1896-1905 and 5 Budge Row 1906-47.
Initially the firm specialised in marine and pocket chronometers. It had an extensive export business, and supplied the Admiralty and numerous shipping companies. After the founders' deaths the business was continued by Frodsham's elder sons and grandson until 1912, when the name and business were sold to the foreman, William Harris. Harris and his son Geoffrey ran the business successfully until 1944 when the firm's premises in Budge Row were bombed. Geoffrey Harris worked for a time from home, but Parkinson and Frodsham ceased trading in 1947.