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When local juvenile advisory committees were appointed by the Board of Trade in 1910 to advise school leavers on the choice of employment, the London County Council invited the care committee workers to co-operate. These juvenile advisory committees were succeeded in 1917 by similar bodies appointed by the Minister of Labour, and they in turn were superseded in 1949 by youth employment committees whom the London County Council appointed, having decided, under the Employment and Training Act 1948, to operate the youth employment service.

This service provided individual guidance to potential leavers, assistance in placing them in employment, and gave them advice or help after starting out in work. The need for co-operation between the youth service, the youth employment service, and the colleges was fully recognised. Co-operation between youth officers, employers, parents and teachers had beneficial results.

Margaret Bruce married Thomas Henry Ismay (1837-1899) in 1859. At this time Ismay was running a fleet of sailing ships to the west coast of South America. In 1864 he became director of a steamship line trading between Liverpool and New York and in 1867 purchased the White Star Line, which ran fast sailing ships to Australia and New Zealand and which found itself in difficulties through lack of capital. Soon afterwards he set up the firm of Ismay, Imrie and Company and the partners and he established the Oceanic Steam Navigation Company (generally known as the White Star Line). In 1902 the Company was taken over by the new American Combine, the International Mercantile Marine Co., but their ships still sailed under the British flag.

Wilfrid Israel, born in London in 1899 to an English Jewess and a German Jew, enjoyed a very privileged existence growing up in Berlin, where he inherited the family business, the famous N Israel department store, with its 2000 employees. Whilst conforming to family expectations, he entertained interests in socialist Zionism, pacifism and internationalism.

During the war years he became a secret intermediary, the confidant of such major figures as Chaim Weizmann and Albert Einstein, as well as hundreds of others, for whom he was able to arrange escapes, on account of his dual nationality and familiarity with Gestapo extortion techniques.

On a return flight from Portugal in 1943, where he was effecting the rescue of more Jewish refugees, he died when his plane was shot down by German fighters.

Wilfrid Israel, born in London in 1899 to an English Jewess and a German Jew, enjoyed a very privileged existence growing up in Berlin, where he inherited the family business, the famous N. Israel department store, with its 2000 employees. Whilst conforming to family expectations, he entertained interests in socialist Zionism, pacifism and internationalism. During the war years he became a secret intermediary, the confidant of such major figures as Chaim Weizmann and Albert Einstein, as well as hundreds of others, for whom he was able to arrange escapes, on account of his dual nationality and familiarity with Gestapo extortion techniques. On a return flight from Portugal in 1943, where he was effecting the rescue of more Jewish refugees, he died when his plane was shot down by German fighter aircraft.

An Issuing House is an organisation, usually a merchant bank, which arranges the details of an issue of stocks or shares, and the necessary compliance with Stock Exchange regulations in connection with the listing of that issue. On 30 November 1944, representatives of constituents of the Accepting Houses Committee which acted as Issuing Houses in respect of foreign government and municipal loans, met to discuss their unsatisfactory relationship with the Council of Foreign Bondholders. Although the Issuing Houses subscribed to the Council, they felt that it did not consult them sufficiently with regard to negotiations with defaulting governments.

It was initially suggested that a sub-committee of the Accepting Houses Committee should be formed to represent the Issuing Houses of foreign bonds only. However, in 1945, after much discussion, it was decided to form a separate association of Issuing Houses to provide a forum for discussion of all the concerns of its members and a vehicle for putting the views of those members to the government, Bank of England and other authorities. Following the establishment of the City Code on Mergers and Take Overs, the Issuing Houses Association assisted in its administration; its members were required to observe the Code and accept its jurisdiction. The Association's approach to membership was a liberal one: any institution involved in the field of issue or takeover activity might apply, with the exception of stockbrokers and foreign banks.

The Issuing Houses Association worked closely with the Accepting Houses Committee with which it shared premises and a small secretariat. The premises were: 16 Bishopsgate, 1945-59; 19 Fenchurch Street, 1959-63; St Albans House, Goldsmith Street, 1963-9; 20 Fenchurch Street, 1969-73; Roman Wall House, 1-2 Crutched Friars, 1973-81; and Granite House, 101 Cannon Street, 1981-8. In 1988, the Association's activities were merged with those of the Accepting Houses Committee resulting in the formation of the British Merchant Banking and Securities Houses Association.

Information not available at present.

I.T.M. Syndicate Limited was registered in 1922. The company was involved in improvements in tea manufacture in Ceylon [Sri Lanka] and Southern India. Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112) acted as secretaries for the company. In 1929 I.T.M. Syndicate went into voluntary liquidation.

Vane Ivanovic was born into a family of shipping merchants. He studied at the University of Cambridge and later went on to become an Athlete, competing in the Berlin 1936 and London 1948 Olympics Games. He would also later become an expert in spear-fishing. Taking over his family shipping firm, Ivanovic was instrumental in acquiring the Yugoslavian fleet for use by the Allies during the Second World War. During the war he also acted for the Special Operations Executive (SOE). After the war, he took up permanent residence in the UK and held some political and diplomatic posts, such as Ambassador to Monaco. He also actively campaigned for a united Yugoslavia, and founded the Democratic Alternative group to support this.

Prize goods were ships and goods captured at sea.

The stockbroking firm of J and A Scrimgeour first appears in printed lists of members of the Stock Exchange in 1864. It became a limited company in ca. 1972. In around 1981, J and A Scrimgeour Limited merged with Kemp-Gee and Company to form Scrimgeour, Kemp-Gee and Company. The new company joined with Vickers da Costa (UK) Limited in 1985 to form Scrimgeour Vickers and Company. At this date Citicorp Investment Bank Limited acquired a minority stake in the firm, later taking full control. The constituent companies were subsequently closed down.

J and A Scrimgeour had premises at 18 Old Broad Street (1864-c 1903); South Sea House, Threadneedle Street (c 1903-1909); 2 and 3 Hatton Court, Threadneedle Street ([1909-1921]); 6 Austin Friars ([1921-1930]); 3 Lothbury and 5 Moorgate ([1930-1945]); 3 Lothbury ([1945-1952]); 15 and 16 George Street, Mansion House Place ([1952]-1976). From 1977, J and A Scrimgeour Limited is listed at The Stock Exchange, with other offices at 18-20 Andrew Street and 1 Benjamin Street. Scrimgeour, Kemp-Gee and Company (subsequently Scrimgeour Vickers and Company) had offices at 20 Copthall Avenue.

J. and F. Grover were builders, undertakers and window blind makers based near the Old Church, Ealing.

J. and W. Nicholson & Co. Ltd., gin distillers, owned a distillery at Three Mills, West Ham.

J and W Nicholson and Company Limited were gin distillers, founded in the 1730s. They purchased the Three Mills in West Ham in 1872 and occupied the premises until 1966, although they stopped making gin there in 1941.

J Bloch and Co, Moscow were agents for the importation of pumps, weighing machines, Otis lifts, Remington typewriters and Edison's mimeographs

In the letterheads of this company, the establishment date is given as 1830. However nothing is known of the business before c 1841 when Joseph Carter established his business as a carpenter, builder and decorator in Wellington Street, Clerkenwell. In Kelly's trade directory for 1877 Joseph Carter is described as a furniture dealer at 12 and 34 Lime Street, with additional premises at 13 Lime Street. Following the death of Joseph Carter in 1877, William Albert Bird took over the business under the name Joseph Carter and Company. The name was changed to J. Carter and Company in c 1897 and to J Carter and Company (Lime Street) Limited in c 1948. The business was described as office furnishers, fitters, removers and decorators. In late 1973 the company ceased trading in its own name and bought shares in DSI Design Group Limited.

In 1976 the share holding in DSI Design Group Limited was sold, thus severing connections with the company. In the same year, J. Carter and Company (Lime Street) Limited changed its name to J Carter and Company (Lime Street) (Holdings) Limited. A new trading company was created (financed from the Holdings Company) using the old name J. Carter and Company (Lime Street) Limited and trading from 15 Dock Street, London. These premises were sold in 1986 and in 1987 the company moved to 29/30 Sidney Grove, off Wakley Street. In 1995 the trading company was closed but the Holdings company remained active, operating merely as an investment company. Most of this information has been taken from F G Bird, A family history : a history of J Carter and Company and its association with the Bird family (2000), available in the Printed Books Section of Guildhall Library.

The company was based at 1 Wellington Street, Clerkenwell (later known as Lever Street) (ca.1841-1862), 14 Leadenhall Market (1862-8), 12 Lime Street (1868-1973), 15 Dock Street (1973-86), and 29/30 Sidney Grove, EC1 (1987-95). Between 1894 and 1900 the company moved the works from Leadenhall Place to 12 Sheppey Place, and also took on premises at 1 Fenchurch Avenue, which continued into the 1920s. The Sheppey Place works were moved to Dock Street in Stepney in 1921.

Members of the Abraham family are listed in Post Office Directories as Surveyors, with offices in Hanley Road, N4; Malmesbury Road, E16 and Francis Road, E10. They were responsible for building around 500 properties, mostly 3 room maisonettes, for rental. These properties were mostly in the present London boroughs of Newham and Waltham Forest although others were in Islington, Haringey and Croydon.

In 1804 Johann Heinrich Schroder (John Henry) became a partner in the London-based firm of his brother, Johann Friedrich (John Frederick). in 1818 the financial company, J. Henry Schroder & Co. was established. It is now a British multi-national asset management company - Schroders plc.

During his fifty years involvement with biomedical science has also been an innovator for incorporating the arts in hospitals. In the late 1970s he arranged for a beautification committee to be set up at one hospital in which he worked, St. Charles. He recognised the need for a central initiative, to advise on the National Health Service buildings. In August 1979, he approached the DHSS and the King Edward's Hospital Fund for a scheme with the Greater London Arts Association, to commission young artists to paint murals in hospitals in London. The scheme was outstandingly successful and dozens of projects were commissioned in the hospitals of Greater London with King's Fund support. In his other hospitals he arranged for arts comittees to be set up, at St. Mary's Hospial, St. Mary's Medical School, the Royal Postgraduate Medical School/MRC/Hammersmith/Acton/Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospitals. The Hammersmith Hospitals Trust's Arts Committee also covers Charing Cross Hospital and the Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School. He conceived the national British Health Care Arts Centre, which opened in 1989 at the Duncan of Jordanstone College of art in Dundee. He has advocated these ideas in Britain and abroad and has served on, and Chaired many committees in this field. He has lectured and written extensively on this theme.

The firm was established in 1894 by John Joseph Bergin (known as 'Joe') (1871-1927). In 1899 J J Bergin described himself as a 'heraldic engraver' living at 278 Kennington Road, Lambeth. The firm started drawing and painting heraldic designs but by 1900s had begun engraving on precious metal for west-end jewellers. In 1926 his son Norrie Bergin took over. By 1963 the firm described itself as 'herald, general and machine engravers, saw piercer, contractors to H. M. Government Departments'. The firm was later continued by David Bedford.

By 1927 the firm and workshop was based at Golden Square, Soho; later moved to Marshall Street, Carnaby Street, Soho (-195-); 11 Lancashire Court, New Bond Street ([1950]-1975); 42 Store Street (1975-1993); Clerkenwell Workshops, Islington (1993-2003); 14-16 Meredith Street (2003-2012); Faversham, Kent (2012-).

For more information on the firm and Bergin family see; 'J. J. Bergin - Engravers One Hundred and Twenty Years 1894-2013' by Chris Rowley.

The company was founded by Joseph James Lane in 1848 to manufacture steam engines and boilers, The works, The Phoenix Engine Works, were situated in Cranbrook Street, Old Ford. Most of the company's products were for the laundry industry. The company was voluntarily wound up in 1957 when the site of the works was scheduled for redevelopment.

A deed of composition and release sealed an arrangement whereby the creditors of an insolvent debtor agreed to settle for a percentage of the amounts owed.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Lyons was founded in 1886 as a catering business, earning a reputation as caterers for exhibitions at Newcastle, Glasgow, Paris and London's Olympia. In 1894 it was incorporated as a public company and established its head office and food factories at Cadby Hall in Hammersmith. The company rapidly established a chain of Teashops, Cornerhouses and Restaurants with the opening of the first Lyons Teashop in 1894 in Piccadilly, the Trocadero Restaurant in 1896 and the First Lyons Corner House in 1909 in Coventry Street. To keep pace with this expansion, the factories were moved to Greenford in Middlesex in 1920 and the largest tea packing plant in the world opened. Further progress was made during the Second World War with the development of the FROOD a revolutionary frozen cooked food process. The company is also famous for its work in less obvious fields - from 1941 to 1945 it operated a munitions factory at Elstow near Bedford on the reputed site of the slough of despond. In 1954 it developed LEO (Lyons Electronic Office), the first computer in the world capable of use for commercial work.

Further growth came in the 1970s with the acquisition of a number of businesses both in the UK and overseas. In 1978, Lyons became the food division of Allied Breweries which was renamed Allied-Lyons in 1981. In 1990 the head office was moved from Cadby Hall to Greenford. In 1994 Allied-Lyons decided to dispose of its food manufacturing operations and to change its name to Allied Domecq. The individual companies were sold off and Lyons head office closed in 1995.

Lyons was founded in 1886 as a catering business, earning a reputation as caterers for exhibitions at Newcastle, Glasgow, Paris and London's Olympia. In 1894 it was incorporated as a public company and established its head office and food factories at Cadby Hall in Hammersmith. The company rapidly established a chain of Teashops, Cornerhouses and Restaurants with the opening of the first Lyons Teashop in 1894 in Piccadilly, the Trocadero Restaurant in 1896 and the First Lyons Corner House in 1909 in Coventry Street. To keep pace with this expansion, the factories were moved to Greenford in Middlesex in 1920 and the largest tea packing plant in the world opened. Further progress was made during the Second World War with the development of the FROOD - a revolutionary frozen cooked food process. The company is also famous for its work in less obvious fields - from 1941 to 1945 it operated a munitions factory at Elstow near Bedford on the reputed site of the slough of despond. In 1954 it developed LEO (Lyons Electronic Office), the first computer in the world capable of use for commercial work.

Further growth came in the 1970s with the acquisition of a number of businesses both in the UK and overseas. In 1978, Lyons became the food division of Allied Breweries which was renamed Allied-Lyons in 1981. In 1990 the head office was moved from Cadby Hall to Greenford. In 1994 Allied-Lyons decided to dispose of its food manufacturing operations and to change its name to Allied Domecq. The individual companies were sold off and Lyons head office closed in 1995.

The Eve family was a famous surveying dynasty and the firm was based in Hitchin. Their business activities extended to Greater London, Bedfordshire and the surrounding areas. Sir Herbert Trustram Eve (1865-1936) was the son of J. Richard Eve FSI, agricultural valuer of Silsoe, Bedfordshire. He entered his father's office in 1882 and in 1902 became head of J.R. Eve and Sons. He became a leading authority on rating and valuation, especially agricultural. In 1918 Herbert Trustram Eve was awarded the KBE and became President of the Rating Surveyors Association. The firm is now part of Warmington's, Offley Hoo, Great Offley, Hitchin, Hertfordshire.

John Thomas Hart, butcher, began trading at 275 Bethnal Green Road about 1850. The company moved to 96 Upper Whitecross Street (1852-63), Leadenhall Market (1864-9), and finally to the Central Meat Market, at 120 Avenue East 1869-89), eventually occupying 301-7 Central Markets (307 as a meat store) as their main premises between 1889 and 1979. There were also some suburban shops prior to 1927, and a stall in Caledonian Market.

The company had a factory at 516-18 Central Markets, employing about 35 staff, preparing sausages and cooked meats. It sold meat in retail shops and to the catering trade, including restaurants, hotels, hospitals, and the canteens of City offices, and also dealt in poultry and game and a small amount of provisions. After the war, 341 Central Markets was opened as a separate poultry department and 335-8, later extended with a cash and carry section in 333-4, as a provisions and grocery shop. There was also a fruit and vegetable shop at 304 Central Markets until 1974. The company acted as the City agent for Saxby Bros. from circa 1940 to 1979.

Harts was acquired by Leonard Chalk in about 1930. The Chalk family sold it in 1969 to Matthew (Butchers) Ltd although Derek Chalk remained managing director until his retirement in 1978. The sausage and cooked meat preparation was taken over by Matthews' central factory, and the factory in Central Markets closed in 1973-4. In July 1979 the provision shops were closed, 341 Central Markets became a delicatessen, and 301-6 retained as a retail butchers with a catering department and a limited delivery service. The separate limited company was terminated in September 1979.

The above information was derived from London directories and from internal information, with additional information from Mr R Harman and Mr. Luff of Matthews (Butchers) Ltd, January 1980.

J Tylor and Sons was founded by John Tylor, a Quaker, who was free of the Armourers' and Brasiers' Company in 1778. (The company histories - see MS29374 - mention "Joseph" Tylor and "1777" but do not make any reference to sources. The London trade directories consistently show John Tylor.)

The firm became a limited company in 1892, known as J Tylor and Sons Ltd but underwent two more changes of name, to Tylors (Water and Sanitary) Ltd in 1920 and Tylors of London Ltd in 1947. At first the company specialised in manufacturing tea-urns but gradually expanded its range of items. In the late 19th century J Tylor and Sons were known as hydraulic and sanitary engineers and brass founders and produced water meters, diving suits, soda syphons and urinals as well as many other items. The company appears to have responded quickly to new and growing markets and to have dropped unprofitable lines. In the 20th century a line of bathroom requisites was developed, the motor-car trade appeared briefly and in 1956 all sanitary connections were dropped altogether.

The firm merged with HRI Flowmeters in 1956 and in 1958 became a subsidiary of an American firm, Crane Ltd. In 1975 both firms were incorporated into the General Electric Company.

The firm was based at 75 Wood Street 1778-93; 3 Cripplegate Buildings 1794-1828; College of Physicians, Warwick Lane (later called 2 Newgate Street) 1829-91; 2 Newgate Street and Belle Isle, King's Cross 1892-1907; Belle Isle and 232 Tottenham Court Road 1908-56; and at Burgess Hill, Sussex from 1956.

J.W.Falkner and Sons Limited was a building company with its origins in the mid-nineteenth century, with William John Falkner (1804-1864) who had been apprenticed in 1823 to a carpenter and builder and traded in his own right as a carpenter and house agent. On his death the business was taken over by his son John William Falkner (1844-1909). It was John William who developed the firm including building premises at 24, Ossory Road, off the Old Kent Road, SE1, where the firm remained until the 1990's.

When John William retired in 1900, he handed over to his sons - chiefly Alfred Beech Falkner (d.1942), other sons set up several firms in the industry as builders or builders merchants. William Bernard Wood (1882-1944) worked in the firm as a surveyor and when Alfred Beech got into financial difficulties in 1928 was instrumental in establishing a new limited company - J.W.Falkner and Sons Limited.

Work in the 1920s and 1930s was executed for several of the leading architects of the day, including Lutyens, Curtis Green, Giles Gilbert Scott, Collcutt and Hamp, Claire Neuheim, and Wills and Kaula. A variety of houses around Beaconsfield and Le Touquet were built during this time.

Richard Alfred Wood (b.1915) entered the firm in 1934, becoming a director a few years later. On his father's death he obtained compassionate leave from the military service to arrange matters at the company and the firm continued in low-key for the remainder of the war. War-time jobs included work at the naval station at Lyness on Hoy in the Orkney Islands, a job for the Ministry of Aircraft Production at Colnbrook and a variety of bomb shelters and war damage work.

After the war the company worked for various architects such as Hatchard Smith and Bertram, Sergei Kadleigh, Fry and Drew, and Austin Vernon and Partners. They had a regular involvement with St Thomas Medical School and did work for both the LCC and GLC, and developed a speciality in the alteration and refurbishment of historic churches, contracts included work at All Souls, Langham Place; Holy Trinity, Southwark; and Saint Stephen's, Walbrook.

It was at this time that the company purchased Melhuish and Saunders Limited of Wells, Somerset, which was then run by Richard Alfred's brother William Stanley Wood. In 1962 Richard Alfred established another subsidiary - the Preservation Centre for Wood. Thus in 1963 the original company became a formal holding company - Falkner and Sons (Holdings) Limited, and a new subsidiary - J.W.Falkner and Sons Limited. In 1993 the latter company went into administrative receivership and was liquidated, the name was changed to Testlodge Limited in 1997 and wound up 1998. The assets of this company were sold by the receivers to Falkner-Wood Limited (in operation as of 2010). Falkner and Sons (Holdings) Limited became FH2 Limited in 2001 and was dissolved in 2008.

The Archive of the Board of Education Inspectors' Association was named after Jack Kitching who was an HMI (Her Majesty's Inspector of Schools) from 1973-1982 and subsequently Honorary Archivist of the Association. Founded in 1919 as a direct consequence of the application of Whitleyism to the Civil Service, the Association was affiliated to the Association of First Division Civil Servants and its executive acted as the staff side of the Inspectorate Whitley Committee. Its main concerns were therefore salaries, pensions and conditions of service, although it also dealt with the function and activities of HMIs. In 1945 it changed its name to the Association of Her Majesty's Inspectors of Schools and in 1973 it amalgamated with the Association of First Division Civil Servants. It wound up its activities in 1992 on the creation of the Office for Standards in Education.

Andrew Francis Jackson was born in Concepción, Chile, in 1880, of Scottish and American parents. After completing his early education in American schools in Concepción and Santiago, he travelled to the United States in 1901 to enter the School of Dentistry at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. He graduated in 1904 and entered practice, first in Camden, New Jersey, and then in downtown Philadelphia. He was also a demonstrator in operative dentistry at the University of Pennsylvania Dental School from 1906-1908. He read the Tomes Lectures at the Royal College of Surgeons of London in 1948, and was made a Fellow in Dentistry. He retired in 1962. He died in 1968. Posthumously, Jackson was awarded the Albert H Ketcham Memorial Award for 1964.

Amelia Waddell, daughter of George Waddell married Sir Keith Alexander Jackson, 2nd Baronet, Feb 1834, she died, 1872.

For the last 18 months that the Fruit and Vegetable Market existed in Spitalfields, photographers Mark Jackson and Huw Davies set out to record the life of the market that operated on the site for more than 300 years, before it closed forever in 1991. As recent graduates, Mark was working in a restaurant at the time and Huw was a bicycle courier. Without any financial support for their ambitious undertaking, they saved up all their money to buy cameras and rolls of film, converting a corner of their tiny flat into a darkroom.

Mary Alexander Jackson (1905-1977) was born Mary Telford in Abergavenny in 1905. She studied French and History at Aberystwyth University, later going on to become a member of the British Federation of University Women and becoming involved in the movement to establish playgrounds for children in urban areas. In the 1920s she met John Jackson who, in 1928, went to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) to become a surveyor. She followed in 1929 in order to marry him. They had three children who moved around the island with them continually in the course of John Jackson's work. They remained there until the outbreak of the Second World War, then Mary Jackson and her children were evacuated to Natal in South Africa. The whole family returned to Cambridge in 1948. Mary Jackson became employed teaching French nearby in Cottenham Village School and took part in a large number of voluntary organisations such as the Children's Playground Association which she founded in 1949. She became particularly involved in the National Council of Women at both a local and a national level. She was the local chair for three years, and during the 1950s was one of the twelve representatives of the NCW on the government commission sent to West Germany to study women's voluntary work there. She also retained an interest in the welfare of African women in the United Kingdom and was active in trying to organise centres for their use. She died in 1997.

Sir Cyril Jackson (1863-1924) was a well known educationalist. After studying at Oxford he decided to commit himself to social work among the poor of the East End of London and began educational work. He was a member of the London School Board 1891 to 1896 and ran a boys' club at Northey Street School (later Cyril Jackson School) which aimed to reform Limehouse street boys. Between 1896 and 1903 he was Inspector General of Schools in Western Australia and made successful reforms to their educational system. On returning to England he became Inspector of Elementary Schools for the Board of Education.

Between 1907 and 1913 Jackson was an elected member of the London County Council Limehouse division and was leader of the Municipal Reform Party, a local party allied to the Parliamentary Conservative Party. This party had been formed in 1906 in order to overturn Progressive and Labour control of much of London municipal government. It incorporated the Moderate Party, who had formed previous opposition to the Progressives on the county council.

The first elections for which the Municipal Reform Party stood were those to Metropolitan Borough councils, on 1 November 1906. The campaign was very successful, with Municipal Reformers winning control of twenty-two of twenty-eight councils. Following this success, the Party published a manifesto for the 1907 London County Council election. Policies included: tight controls on financial expenditure, proper auditing of municipal accounts, creation of a traffic board to coordinate transport in the capital, support of electricity provision by private enterprise and an education policy favouring denominational schools. The manifesto proved a success and the party took power from the Progressives. They remained in power until 1934 when the Labour Party gained control of the Council. Between 1934 and 1946 the Municipal Reform Party formed the opposition on the council. From 1946 onwards Conservative candidates replaced the Municipal Reform Party.

Sir Henry Bradwardine Jackson entered the Royal Navy through HMS BRITANNIA in 1868, and as a Lieutenant specialised first in navigation and later in torpedoes. Promoted to Commander in January 1890, he began experimenting with radio waves and eventually succeeded in transmitting signal between ships over a distance of several hundred yards. Soon after promotion to Captain in June 1896, Jackson met Marconi and discovered that they had both been working along similar lines. Following Jackson's success in this area of communication, the Royal Navy placed contracts with Marconi in 1900 to supply radios in its ships, and in 1901 Jackson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in recognition of his work. After serving as Captain of the torpedo school ship HMS VERNON in 1904, Jackson was promoted to Third Sead Lord and Controller in the new Board of Admiralty. He then commanded a cruiser squadron, represented the Admiralty at the 1911 International Conference on Aerial Navigation, and gained a position the newly created War College at Portsmouth, bfore he returned to the Admiralty in February 1913 as Chief of War Staff. On the Resignation of Lord Fisher in May 1915, Jackson took his place as First Sea Lord, but was himself superseded by Admiral Sir John Jellicoe in Decmber 1916, and appointed President of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. In July 1919, he was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet and the following year, became Chairman of the Radio Research Board of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.

Sir Keith Alexander Jackson 2nd Baronet, was of the 4th Light Dragoons. He died in Caubul in 1843. He was married to Amelia née Waddell and their children included Sir Mountstuart Goodricke Jackson, 3rd Baronet (1836-1857) and Sir Keith George Jackson, 4th Baronet (1842-1916).

Born, 1842; second son of Sir Keith Alexander Jackson, 2nd Baronet and Lady Amelia Jackson; educated, Ordnance School, Carshalton; Magdalene College, Cambridge; 83 rd Foot; succeeded his brother who was murdered at Delhi, 1857; settled in Argentina; died, 1916.

Stephen Jackson was a wine and brandy merchant of 28 Lothbury. His business was carried on from 1765 by John Lister, later Lister, Beck and Company of Tokenhouse Yard.

William Ward Jackson was a landowner who resided at Normanby Hall, near Middlesbrough, North Riding of Yorkshire. His third son, Ralph Ward Jackson (1806-1880) became well known as a railway entrepreneur and served as MP for Hartlepool.

Born Burnley, Lancashire, 1904; educated Burnley Grammar School, 1916-1922; read electrical engineering at Manchester University, 1922-1925; lecturer in Electrical Engineering, Burnley Municipal College, 1925-1926, Bradford Technical College, 1926-1929; Graduate apprentice, Metropolitan-Vickers, 1929-1930; lecturer in Electrical Engineering, Manchester College of Technology, 1930-1933; postgraduate student at Magdalen College, Oxford, 1933-1936; DPhil, Oxford University, 1936; DSc, Manchester University, 1936; Research Engineer, Metropolitan-Vickers, 1936-1938; Professor of Electro-technics, Manchester University, 1936-1946; Professor of Electrical Engineering, Imperial College, London, 1946-1953; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1953; member of the Royal Commission on the Civil Service, 1953; Director of Research and Education, Metropolitan Vickers, 1953-1961; knighted, 1958; Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering, Imperial College, 1961-1970; Pro-Rector of Imperial College, 1967-1970; life peer, 1967; devoted much time and energy to public service, especially on matters connected with education, science and technology in Britain and in developing countries, notably India and Africa; served on many official committees and advisory councils; died, 1970.
Jackson began to compile what he called his 'scrapbooks' in 1952 as a pastime on an Atlantic sea-crossing. Originally intended as a private record of social and personal engagements, the project developed into materials for a relatively complete autobiography, with annotations and 'chapter-headings' added by Jackson. He continued the work until his death, and also compiled a retrospective account from his schooldays onwards.
Publications: High Frequency Transmission Lines, etc (London, 1945); Advanced Courses in Electrical Engineering[London, 1950]; The Insulation of Electrical Equipment, Editor (Chapman & Hall, London, 1954); Scientific, Technological and Technical Manpower (University of Southampton, [Southampton], 1963); A Review of the scope and problems of scientific and technological manpower policy [Chairman, Professor Sir Willis Jackson] (Parliamentary Papers, London, 1965); Macdonald Trends and Developments in Engineering Series General editor (Macdonald, London, 1965-); Technology and the developing countries (London, University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies, 1966).

A marriage settlement was a legal agreement drawn up before a marriage by the two parties, setting out terms with respect to rights of property and succession.

The Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition to Franz Josef Land, 1894–1897, was led by British Arctic explorer Frederick George Jackson and financed by newspaper proprietor Alfred Harmsworth. Jackson had been misled by false maps into believing that Franz Joseph Land was a land mass that extended to the North Pole. The survey which was the main work of the expedition eventually proved that the land was in fact an archipelago.

Not known

Dr Saunders-Jacobs, MA, MD, DPH, spent most of her career as a Medical Officer in South London. While she had experience in most of the areas covered by local government public health work, for some time she seems to have concentrated on Maternal and Child Welfare, as women doctors in public health posts often did. Later on she appears to have taken particular interest in tuberculosis and diseases of the chest.

Jacobs was a Major in the Civil Defence Forces during World War Two.

Major Harry Ronald Jacobs (1912-1966): Born on 3 January 1912 at 75 Ickburgh Road, Upper Clapton, Middlesex, son of Hyman [Hymie] Jacobs, furniture dealer and Common Councilman for the City Ward of Portsoken 1930-1945. Jacobs became a solicitor's articled clerk in July 1933, and later a solicitor. He served nearly 6 years in the Army during the Second World War, rising from the ranks to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and retiring with the honorary rank of Major. He was admitted to the Freedom of the City of London by redemption (purchase) in July 1933. He is recorded in the Solicitors' Company by Order of the Court of Aldermen, 11 March 1947. He was a Liveryman of the Solicitor's Company by 1947, and a member of the Guild of Freemen of the City of London. He was Common Councilman for the City Ward of Portsoken 1946-1966. He died 28 October 1966.

Hyman Jacobs (1888-1945): Born 7 February 1888 at 7 White Street, Houndsditch, London EC, son of Isaac Jacobs. Jacobs was a furniture dealer (at least in 1933) with a business at 2 Houndsditch (at least 1930-1934). He was Common Councilman for the Ward of Portsoken 1946-1966. He died late in 1945 (death reported to Common Council 13 December 1945).

Charles Telford (1820 or earlier - 1876): Son of George Telford, of Widmore, near Bromley, Kent, gentleman (dead by May 1841). Telford was a stock-broker, admitted to the Freedom of the City of London [in order to qualify as a City of London Sworn Broker] by redemption [i.e. purchase] in May 1841. He was sworn as a City of London Sworn Broker 24 June 1841, his sureties being Henry John Telford of Billiter Street, City of London, merchant, and Charles Williams Allen, of the Moor near Kington, Herefordshire, gentleman. Continued as a City of London Sworn Broker until his death on 26 July 1876.

Richard Jacobs appears to have paid the debts of various inmates of debtors' prisons.

William Jacobson was born on 18 July 1803, the son of William Jacobson, a merchant's clerk, of Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, and his wife Judith Clarke. He was educated at Mr Brewers school in Norwich; Homerton (nonconformist) College, London; and Glasgow University 1822-1823. On 3 May 1823 he was admitted commoner of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford. In May 1825 he was elected scholar of Lincoln College (B.A. in 1827), taking a second class in literæ humaniores. He was a private tutor in Ireland until 1829. He then returned to Oxford, obtained the Ellerton theological prize, was elected fellow at Exeter on 30 June, and proceeded M.A. On 6 June 1830 he was ordained deacon, was appointed to the curacy of St. Mary Magdalen, Oxford, and was ordained priest the following year. In 1832 he was appointed vice-principal of Magdalen Hall.
In 1839 he became perpetual curate of Iffley, near Oxford, was made public orator of the university in 1842, and was chosen select preacher in 1833, 1842, and 1863, but did not serve on the last occasion. By the advice of Lord John Russell, then prime minister, Jacobson was in 1848 promoted to the regius professorship of divinity at Oxford, which carried with it a canonry of Christ Church, and at that time also the rectory of Ewelme, Oxfordshire. In politics he was a liberal, and he was chairman of Mr. W. E. Gladstone's election committee at Oxford in 1865. On 23 June 1865 he accepted the offer of the see of Chester, and was consecrated on 8 July.
Failure of health caused him to resign his bishopric in February 1884. He died on 13 July 1884. His portrait, painted by Richmond, has been engraved. He married, on 23 June 1836, Eleanor Jane, youngest daughter of Dawson Turner.
Publications: An edition of Dean Alexander Nowell's Catechismus, with Life, 1835, 1844; an edition of the extant writings of the Patres Apostolici, with title S. Clementis Romani, S. Ignatii ¼ quæ supersunt, &c., 2 vols. 1838, 1840, 1847, 1863; an edition of the Works of Robert Sanderson, bishop of Lincoln, 6 vols., 1854, and a few smaller books, sermons, and charges. He also wrote annotations on the Acts of the Apostles for the Speaker's Commentary.

One of Jacobson's sons was W H A Jacobson (d. 1924), entered Guy's Hospital 1869, was Assistant Surgeon at Guy's, 1876-1900 and then Surgeon until 1908.

Per Jacobsson, 1894-1963, was born in Tanum, Sweden, and educated at the High School, Vaesteraas and Upsala University. He left to take up a lectureship in Economics at the High School of Forestry in Stockholm, 1918-1920. He left teaching to become a member of the Economic and Financial Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations in 1920, a post that he held until 1928. He subsequently became Secretary-General to the Economic Defence Council in Stockholm, 1929-1930. He entered banking in 1931 and was Economic Advisor and Head of the Economic Department of the Bank of International Settlements in Basle, 1931-1956. In 1956 he left the bank to take up his most prestigious appointment, that of Chairman of the Executive Board and Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, a post that he held until 1963.

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