During late 1989 Communist rule in Czechoslovakia was ended, Civic Forum became the first legal opposition movement for 40 years and Václav Havel was elected president.
Paul Hollander was a Hungarian refugee student at the time the report in the collection was written. He was then finishing his studies at the London School of Economics. He went on to become associate professor of Sociology at Massachusetts University and published a number of works on Soviet/Western relations. Alan Dare was a British fellow student involved in the resettlement of Hungarian refugees.
Olive Marjorie Deacon (1891-1950) was born in Scotland. During World War One she went to work at the Scottish Womens' Hospital in Belgrade, Serbia. After the hospital was closed Olive Deacon and three other aid workers under the auspices of the American Relief Administration Childrens' Fund went to Pec Montenegro to establish two orphanages. They left in 1920 after this had been accomplished.
John Deane (1679-1762) entered the Russian Navy in 1711 as a lieutenant and served until 1722 when he returned to Britain. In 1725 he was employed by the British Foreign Office to act officially as a commercial consul in St Petersburg and unofficially as a spy. He went on serve as commercial consul in Flanders before retiring to Britain.
The dictionary was written to commemmorate the 1000th anniversary of the conversion of Russia to Christianity in 988AD.
Not known
Alfred Duff Cooper, 1st Viscount Norwich (1890-1954), politician and diplomat, served as War Minister 1935-1937 and First Lord of the Admiralty 1937-1938. He resigned from the latter post in protest at the Munich Agreement. The album in this collection was presented to Duff Cooper in 1938 by a Czechoslovak school, Prof. Drtina Kralov, Girls' Seondary School as a gesture of thanks for his support of Czechoslovakia. After the outbreak of the Second World War he re-entered government, serving as Minister of Information 1940-1941, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1941-1943, representative to the French Committee of National Liberation 1943-1944 and Ambassador to France 1944-1947.
Sergei Mikhaylovich Eisenstein (1898-1948) was a leading Soviet film director most famous for "The Battleship Potemkin" (1926).
Arthur John Evans (1851-1941) had recently graduated from Oxford University and was travelling in Bosnia with his brother Lewis in 1874 when a Christian peasant rebellion against Ottoman rule began. On his return to Britain, Evans published an account of his experiences and as a result of his knowledge of the Balkans which were at that moment in crisis, he immediately became known as an authority on the region. His involvement deepened as he became secretary of the British Fund for Balkan refugees and special correspondent for the "Manchester Guardian" in the Balkans, based in Ragusa (now Dubrovnik), Croatia. His reports however raised suspicions of spying among the Austrian authorities and as a result in 1882 he was arrested for high treason, imprisoned and expelled. Evans retained a concern for the area for the rest of his life.
The papers in this collection relate to Evans' journalistic and political activities in the Balkans, however the career for which he achieved most reknown wasarchaeology. Whilst working as a journalist in Ragusa 1876-1882 and on later visits, he was a pioneer in identifying sites of Roman cities and roads in Bosnia andMacedonia. In 1884 he became keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, a post he held until 1908, after which time he became honorary keeper. In 1894 hebegan travels in Crete. It was here that he made his most famous archaological find with the escavation of the Palace of Minos in Crete 1899-1907, in Greekmythology home of the Minotaur. Evans was also a founder member of the British Academy in 1902 and was knighted in 1911. He married Margaret Freeman in 1878, she shared in his work but died in 1893.
Margaret Evans (?1851-1893) was born Margaret Freeman, the daughter of a historian, E A Freeman. In 1878 she married the archaelogist and journalist Arthur Evans. She took an active interest in his work which specialised in the Balkans. After their marriage they lived in Ragusa (now Dubrovnik), Croatia until 1882 when her husband was expelled from the country as a result of his journalistic activities. In 1883 she accompanied her husband on a trip to Greece, Macedonia and Bulgaria. On this visit Arthur Evans was able to complete his study of an ancient site at Scupi (later Üskub, now Skopje in Macedonia. Margaret Evans lived in Oxford for the remainder of her life as her husband became keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford in 1884.
Not known
Hilda Fowlds (1891-1931) became a teacher after graduating from London University. She was appointed headmistress of William Gibbs' School Faversham, Kent in 1921. She made several visits to Eastern Europe particularly Hungary where she made a number of friends. It was while visiting Hungary in September 1931 that she became one of some thirty people killed in the Biastorbagy railway disaster when the Budapest-Paris Express was derailed by a bomb.
Viktor Semonovich Frank (1909-1972) was born in St Petersburg, Russia. He left with his family to settle in Germany where he attended the Frederick Wilhelm University, Berlin.
Dorothy Galton (1901-1992) became secretary in 1928 to Sir Bernard Pares, the director of what was then the School of Slavonic Studies, King's College London. In 1932 she became Secretary of the School as it was newly established as a self governing department of London University. She remained in this post until her retirement in 1961, seeing the School expand in the post war period. In 1945 she visited the United States and Canada to report on Slavonic studies there. During her long retirement DG devoted herself to the study of beekeeping and published several works on the subject.
Monica Gardner was an English writer on Poland and Polish literature. Her main focus was on romantic poetry but she also wrote two historical biographies. In addition to writing books and articles (she was a longtime contributor to "The Slavonic Review"), Monica Gardner was a translator and editor. She was killed in an air raid in London in 1941.
Sir Stephen Gaselee: b 1882; Educated at Eton College and King's College Cambridge; Fellow of Magdalen College Cambridge, 1908-1943 and Librarian, 1908-1919; Librarian and Keeper of the Papers at the Foreign Office, 1920-1943; author of several books on Latin and the early printing press. He was a member of the Committee on the Relations of the Church of England with the Eastern Churches; died 1943
Michael Glenny (1927-1990) spent ten years in the army. He then took an MA in Modern Languages followed by postgraduate study in Soviet studies at Oxford University. He became a well known translator of Russian literature, having translated works by Gogol, Dostoevskii, Gorky, Bulgakov and Solzhenitsyn. He was also a lecturer in Russian language, literature and history at Birmingham University 1969-1975, Southern Illinois University 1975-1977 and Bristol University 1977-1984. He was the author of several works on Russian literature as well as co-author of "The other Russia", a study on Russian emigres.
Orest Golovin (1853-1920) published a number of books under the alias of Roman Fedorovich Brandt.
Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev (1931-) was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1985-1991) and President of the Soviet Union (1990-1991).
Aleksandr Sergeyevich Griboyedov: (1795-1829): Russian dramatic author, was born in 1795 at Moscow, where he studied at the university from 1810 to 18I2. He obtained a commission in a hussar regiment, but resigned it in 1816. Next year he entered the civil service, and in 1818 was appointed secretary of the Russian legation in Persia, whence he was transferred to Georgia. He had commenced writing early, and had produced on the stage at St Petersburg in 1816 a comedy in verse, translated from the French, called The Young Spouses, which was followed by other pieces of the same kind. But neither these nor ,the essays and verses which he wrote would have been long remembered but for the immense success gained by his comedy in verse, Gore ot uma, or Misfortune from Intelligence (Eng. trans. by N. Benardaky, 1857). A satire upon Russian society, or, as a high official styled it, "A pasquinade on Moscow," its plot is slight, its merits consisting in its accurate representation of certain social and official types-such as Famousoff, the lover of old abuses, the hater of reforms; his secretary, Molchanin, servile fawner upon all in office; the aristocratic young liberal and Anglomaniac, Repetiloff; contrasted with whom is the hero of the piece, Tchatsky, the ironical satirist, just returned from the west of Europe, who exposes and ridicules the weaknesses of the rest, his words echoing that outcry of the young generation of 1820 which reached its climax in the military insurrection of 1825, and was then sternly silenced by Nicholas. Griboyedov spent the summer of 1823 in Russia, completed his play and took it to St Petersburg. There it was rejected by the censorship. Many copies were made and privately circulated, but Griboyedov never saw it published. The first edition was printed in 1833, four years after his death. Only once did he see it on the stage, when it was acted by the officers of the garrison at Erivan. Soured by disappointment he returned to Georgia, made himself useful by his linguistic knowledge to his relative Count Paskievitch-Erivansky during a campaign against Persia, and was sent to St Petersburg with the treaty of 1828. Brilliantly received there, he thought of devoting himself to literature, and commenced a romantic drama, A Georgian Night. But he was suddenly sent to Persia as minister plenipotentiary. Soon after his arrival at Teheran there was an uprising, caused by the anger of the populace against some Georgian and Armenian captives--Russian subjects, who were Russian subjects, who had taken refuge in the Russian embassy. It was stormed and Griboyedov was killed on 11 February 1829.
Mary Hobson was a research student at SSEES, 1995.
Naham Haham (1899-1971) was born in Bessarabia and later moved to Russia. Bessarabia was part of the Russian Empire until 1919 when it was recognised as a Romanian territory by the Paris Peace Conference. After the Second World War, Bessarabia was reclaimed by the Soviet Union and amalgamated in the Soviet Republic of Moldavia. Since 1991 Moldavia has been independent but remains a disputed area). Haham married Sifra San-meer (1901-1984) at the Romanian Legation in Berlin in 1924 and they moved to Britain where they adopted the name Newman.
Professor Richard Gilbert Hare (1907-1966) entered the Diplomatic Service in 1930 and served in the British Embassy in Paris and the Foreign Office. During the Second World War Hare worked for the Ministry of Information and became deputy director and later director of the Anglo-Soviet Relations Division. After the war he held teaching positions at various American universities until 1962 when he was appointed to the Chair of Russian Literature at SSEES. Hare wrote a number of books and many articles for specialist periodicals and the Encyclopedia Britannica. He was an expert on Russian art as well as Russian literature.
Vaclav Havel (1936-) was born in Prague and first published his writings in literary journals in 1955. In 1968 as a result of his campaigning for human rights Havel was identified by the Czech Government as a dissident. Resultingly in 1971 his works were officially banned and later Havel was forced to take work in a brewery. In 1977 Havel was a co-founder of Charter 77, a human rights movement. He was put under house arrest and in 1979 was sentenced to four and a half years in prison for sedition. During this time his plays were becoming better known and performed in the West. In 1988 Havel assumed leadership of the Civic Forum opposition group and after the resignation of the Communist Government he was elected President of Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic) in 1989.
The Harrowby Manuscript Trust, Sandon Hall, Sandon, Stafford, holds the archives of the earls of Harrowby (the Ryder family). The earldom was created in the late seventeenth century.
Petar Hektorovic (1487-1582), was a Croatian nobleman and well known figure in sixteenth century Croatian literature. He lived on the island of Hvar which was at that time under Venetian rule but was under threat from invasion by the Ottoman Empire which had conquered most of South-Eastern Europe at that time.
Sergius Hessen (1887-1950), philosopher and educationalist, was born in Ust Sysol'sk, Northern Russia. He studied at German universities before returning to Russia to became a lecturer at St Petersburg and Tomsk Universities. In 1922 Hessen left Russia to live first in Czechoslovakia and after 1935 in Poland where he lectured on education at Warsaw University. During the Second World War he was one of the professors who established a clandestine university during German occupation. After 1945 he was Professor of Education at Lodz University. Ref: "Slavonic and East European Review" vol 29, no 72, 1950, pp 296-298
Joseph Christopher William Horne worked for many years in the British Museum Library and was well known as a translator of Hungarian poetry.
Paul Ignotus (1901-1978) was a writer. He was born in Hungary but came to Britain in 1956 and lived here for the rest of his life.
Kenneth Johnstone b. 1902; educated at Eton College and Balliol College Oxford; entered Diplomatic Service, 1926; served in Warsaw, 1928, Oslo, 1930, Sofia, 1931 and London; seconded to British Council, 1936; resigned to join Welsh Guards, 1939; served war of 1939-1945 in France, 1940, North Africa, 1942, Middle East and Greece, 1943-1945; rejoined Foreign Office, 1945; CMG 1949; Deputy Director-General British Council, 1953-1962; CB 1962; Chairman of Council, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, 1965-1976
David Mervyn Jones (29 Jul 1922-2009) was the son of John David Jones, a university lecturer, and Gladys Alicia Jones née Coombs. He attended the King Edward VII School in Sheffield between 1929 and 1939, where he passed Greek, French and History examinations with distinction and then studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating in 1948, during which time he also completed national service. He was elected a Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford and St. Antony's College, Oxford as a Hungarian specialist and later went on to work for the Foreign Office.
In 1966 he published a volume of essays entitled 'Five Hungarian Writers'. One of the five subjects of the volume was Baron József Eötvös (1813-1871), who Jones described as 'Hungary's Democrat Baron' and in 1996 he translated Eötvös' major treatise 'The dominant ideas of the nineteenth century and their impact on the state'. In 2000 he was awarded the Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary.
Publications:
Jones, D Mervyn: Five Hungarian writers (Oxford: Clarendon , 1966).
Eötvös, József, 'The dominant ideas of the nineteenth century and their impact on the state; translated, edited and annotated with an introductory essay by D. Mervyn Jones. Volume 1, Diagnosis' (Distributed by Columbia University Press, 1996)
Eötvös, József, 'The dominant ideas of the nineteenth century and their impact on the state; translated, edited and annotated by D. Mervyn Jones. Volume. 2, 'Remedy'. (Distributed by Columbia University Press, 1996)
Norman Brooke Jopson: born Leeds, 1890; educated at Cambridge University, where he obtained a first-class degree in French and German and Vienna University, where he studied Slavic languages. He then spent some time in Prague learning Czech and was in St Petersburg learning Russian when the First World War began. On returning to Britain, Jopson was recruited by the Government for work in Postal Censorship. He spent the war in this and other Government departments. This experience allowed him to widen his knowledge of languages. After the war he joined the Foreign Office. In 1922 he left Government service to become Reader in Comparative Philology at SSEES. He left SSEES in 1937 to take up an appointment as the first holder of the Professorship in Comparative Philology at Cambridge. In 1939 Jopson was recalled by the Government to work in Postal Censorship again. He became head of the Uncommon Languages Division. In 1945 he returned to Cambridge where he remained for the rest of his life. After his retirement in 1955 he gave a number of overseas lectures. Jopson published little, concentrating instead on learning languages and teaching.
Martti Julkinen is Director of the Centre for Extension Studies, University of Turku, Finland.
Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic (1787-1864), Serbian language reformer, was born in Trsic, Serbia, then under Turkish rule. In 1813 after a brief period of independence, Serbia was reconquered by the Ottoman Empire and Karadzic was one of many refugees to flee to Vienna. It was here that he met Jernej Kopitar who became an influence on his thinking. Kopitar was a Slovene working as the Austrian Imperial consor of Slavonic subjects. Karadzic's goal became to make the Serb language spoken by peasants under Turkish rule the literary norm in place of the classical style. He also wanted to establish a uniform orthography with a revised and simplified alphabet. In 1815 Prince Milos Obrenovic succeeded in overthowing Turkish rule. From 1829 to 1832 Karadzic served the newly independent state in various ways.
In 1832 Karadzic returned to Vienna after his newly published alphabet was banned by Obrenovic as a result of opposition from the Orthodox Church. Karadzic protested at Obrenovic's policy in his published letter "Letter to Milos Obrenovic". A copy of the original letter (now probably in the National Library of Slovenia) is part of this collection, For much of the period 1832-1859, Karadzic was barred from Serbia (from 1842 to 1859 the Obrenovic family were also in exile). He continued his battle against the old Serb alphabet and for the use of popular language. Karadzic also wrote works on Serbian history and the life and customs of Serbian peasants and published collections of folk songs. He died having largely succeeded in his linguistic aims.
Joseph Michael Kitch (1941-) was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He studied history at Duke and Indiana Universities before leaving the United States in 1965.
After three years at St Antony's College, Oxford he joined the staff of SSEES where he was lecturer in Romanian History 1968-1980.
James Klugmann (1912-1977) joined the Communist Party in 1933 while at Cambridge University. In 1935 he gave up an academic career to become Secretary of the World Student Association and travelled widely. During World War Two he rose to the rank of major and became deputy director of the Yugoslav section in the Special Operations Executive (SOE), based in Cairo and later in Bari, Italy. After the war he was attached to the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) in Yugoslavia. It was during his service in Yugoslavia with the SOE and UNRRA that Klugmann collected the material for this collection. Returning to Britain in 1946 he spent the rest of his life working for the Communist Party. From 1957-1977 he was also editor of "Marxism Today".
John Keane studied at the universities of Adelaide, Toronto and Cambridge. He is currently Professor of Politics at the University of Westminster and at the Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), where his main research focus is the theory and history of democracy. In 1989 he founded the Centre for the Study of Democracy at the University of Westminster. In 1999 Professor Keane wrote an authorised biography of Václav Havel. He also currently researches fear and politics; nationality, citizenship and civil society; secularism; and the future of representative government.
Publications include:
Tom Paine: a political life (1995)
Reflections on Violence (London: Verso, 1996)
Václav Havel: A Political Tragedy in Six Acts (London: Bloomsbury, 1999)
Violence and Democracy (Cambridge University Press, 2004)
Global Civil Society? (Cambridge University Press, 2003)
Life and Death of Democracy (London: Simon and Schuster, 2009)
Source: Professor Keane's homepage and his webpages at the University of Westminster Department of Politics and International Relations and the Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB)
Mano Konyi (1842-1917) developed with Adolf Fenvessy a Hungarian shorthand system which he used for the reporting of debates in the Hungarian Parliament in the 1860s. From 1867 to 1885 he was joint chief of its Reporting Office with Fenvessy. In retirement after 1885 he edited the speeches of Ferencz Deak, an architect of Hungary's 1867 constitutional agreement and also acted as secretary for Count Julius Andrassy the younger (1860-1929) (last foreign minister of the Austro-Hungarian Empire Oct-Nov 1918).
At some point in the 1880s Konyi acquired Count Menyhert Lonyay's papers for his editorial work. Lonyay (1822-1884) was a prominent Hungarian politician.
Along with Ferencz Deak and Josef von Eotvos, he was an architect of the 1867 constitutional agreement. This created a dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary in place of the unitary Austrian Empire, thereby giving Hungary more independence from Hapsburg rule. Lonyay served as Hungarian Finance Minister 1868-1870 and Hungarian Prime Minister 1870-1873.
Josef Kosina was secretary of the Czechslovak Trade Union Congress. In 1939 he came to live in Britain where he worked for the BBC Czech service.
Asen St. Kovachev-Chernomorski is believed to be the author of this essay. In 1943 he was librarian of the University of Sofia Library, Bulgaria. The essay is concerned with the Bulgarian literary figure Chernorizeta Khrabur, in legend a pseudonym for King Simeon.
After breaking away from the Soviet Union in 1991, Latvia held its first independent elections in 1993.
Carl Lettau was a postgratuate student at Kiel University.