Yorkshire Television is an independent television company based in Leeds, Yorkshire. It was established in 1968 and is presently one of the largest independent television companies. In 1997 it became a franchise of the Granada Media Group, later Granada Compass.
The documentary was produced by 3BM for Channel 4, Oregon Public Broadcasting, RTL and ITEL. 3BM is an independent television production company founded in October 1995 by Jeremy Bennett, Simon Berthon, Marion Milne and Malcolm Brinkworth. It has offices in London and Bath and specialises in production of documentaries in the historical, current affairs and popular science and human interest fields.
The Berlin Airlift was produced by Jeremy Bennett and directed by Marion Milne. Other members of the production team included Professor Avi Shlaim, Historical Consultant; Tamzin Fry, Production Manager; Rosalind Bentley, Film Research; Helen Seaman, Research; and David Spiers, Editor.
Born in 1908; 2nd Lt, North Staffordshire Regt, 1929; regimental duties, 1929-1940; Lt, 1932; Capt, 1938; held various staff appointments and attended Staff College, 1940-1942; held various staff appointments and commanded 7 North Staffordshire Regt, 1942-1947; seconded to Foreign Office, 1948-1950; commanded 1 North Staffordshire Regt in Trieste, 1951-1953, and Korea General Staff Officer Grade 1 (Training), SHAPE, 1954; retired, 1956; died in 1972.
Born in Cavan, Ireland in 1899; educated at Charterhouse School, 1912-1917 and Worcester College, Oxford University, 1919-1922. Served during World War One in the Royal Artillery, and joined the Sudan Political Service as Assistant District Commissioner in 1922; promoted to District Commissioner in 1932 and Deputy Governor in 1940; Lt Col, 1940-1914; active service with the Sudan Defence Force in 1940 and in invasion of Eritrea, Jan 1941; appointed Secretary to the Occupied Territory Administration in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 1941 and promoted Deputy Chief Political Officer, Ethiopia, 1942; Col, 1942; Brig, 1943; accompanied 8 Army, 51 Division during the invasion of Tripolitania and was appointed Senior Civil Affairs Officer, Central Province, Tripolitania; Chief Administrator in Tripolitania, 1943-1951, and appointed British Resident, 1951; died in 1982.
Born 1909; service with No 1 Armoured Car Company, Iraq, 1936; died 1990.
Born in 1889; served in Royal Field Artillery Special Reserve, 1916-1920; 2nd Lt, 1916; served with Royal Field Artillery, 12 Div and X/12 Trench Mortar Battery in France, 1916-1918; Lt, 1917; died in 1969.
Born in 1898; educated at Eton College and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into 11 Hussars, 1916; seconded to 13 Bn, Royal Tank Corps, 1917-1919; served in France, 1918; served in Egypt, 1919-1921 and India 1921-1925; Capt, 11 Hussars, 1924; ADC to Governor General and Commander-in Chief of Australia, 1929-1930; Adjutant, Cheshire Yeomanry, 1931-1935; retired, 1935; reemployed as Maj, 11 Hussars, 1939; served in Egypt, 1939-1941; Lt Col, 1941; commanded Southern Rhodesian Armoured Car Regt in East Africa, 1941-1942; retired, 1943; died in 1984.
Born in 1859; Lt, Royal Artillery, 1878; Capt, 1886; Maj 1896; Lt Col, 1906; Brevet Col, 1909; retired, 1911; died in 1931.
Born in 1910; Lt, Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry, Royal Armoured Corps, Territorial Army, 1939; served in World War Two in Middle East and with 9 Armoured Bde Group in North Africa; died in 1979.
Born 1907; educated at Nautical College, Pangbourne, and Royal Naval College, Dartmouth; joined Royal Navy, 1923; service on HMS EMPEROR OF INDIA, 1925; Lt, 1929; qualified as an aircrew observer, 1931; served on HMS GLORIOUS, 1931-1934; HMS FURIOUS, 1934-1938; Lt Cdr, 1937; Commanded 812 Naval Air Sqn, HMS GLORIOUS, 1938-1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; service with No 1 'General Reconnaissance Unit' RAF, magnetic minesweeping with Vickers Wellington bombers, UK and Egypt, 1940- 1941; awarded DSC, 1940; Staff observer to Commander-in-Chief Mediterranean, HMS WARSPITE, 1941-1942; Battle of Cape Matapan, 1941; Cdr, 1941; awarded Bar to DSC, 1941; served in the Naval Air Department, Admiralty, 1942-1945; served as Second in Command of HMS BELFAST, 1946-1947; Capt, 1947; Command of HMS VULTURE, Royal Naval Air Station, St Merryn, Cornwall, 1947-1949; Capt of HMS THESEUS, 1949-1951; served in Korean War, 1950-1951; awarded DSO, 1951; Director of Naval Air Warfare, Admiralty, 1951-1953; Chief of Staff to Flag Officer Air (Home), HMS DAEDALUS, Royal Naval Air Station, Lee-on-Solent, Hampshire, 1954-1956; R Adm, 1956; Member of Maritime Air Committee, 1956; Deputy Controller of Military Aircraft, Ministry of Supply, 1957-1960; awarded CB, 1958; retired 1960; died 1994.
Born 1911, South Africa; educated Oundle and Sandhurst; commissioned into Royal Welch Fusiliers, 1931-1938; adjutant, 9 Royal Welch Fusiliers, Territorial Army, 1939; Major 1940; second in command, 2 Royal Welch Fusiliers, Burma, 1944-45; General Staff Officer, War Office, 1946; Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General, HQ Home Counties District, 1946-48; instructor, British Military Mission, Greece, 1948-1950; Major and second in command, 1 Royal Welch Fusiliers, 1950-53, Lieutenant Colonel 1954-57; staff appointments 1957-60; retired 1960; died 2003.
Born, 1902; educated, Birkenhead Institute; University of Liverpool; Trinity College, Cambridge; Oliver Lodge Fellow, University of Liverpool, 1923-1924; research assistant to Sir J J Thompson, 1924-1926; Demonstrator in Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, 1925-1926; founder member of Cambridge University Air Squadron, 1925; Lecturer in Air Navigation and Aircraft Instruments, Imperial College of Science, 1938-1940; Honorary Secretary of the Institute of Professional Civil Servants, 1938-1940; Department of the Director of Armament Research, Ministry of Aircraft Production, 1940; Director of Instrument Research Development, Ministry of Supply, 1941-1947; Chairman of the Air Photography Research Committee, 1945-1947; Member of Council, British Scientific Instrument Research Association, 1945-1947; Chief Superintendant, Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment, Boscome Down, 1947-1950; Scientific Advisor to UK High Commissioner to Australia and Head of UK Ministry of Supply Staff, Australia, 1951-1953; Principal Director of Aircraft Equipment Research and Development, Ministry of Supply, 1953-1954; Chairman of the Air Navigation Committee of the Aeronautical Research Council, 1958-1961; Member of Council, Air League of the British Empire; Member of Air Traffic Control and Navigation Committee of the Electronics Research Council, 1961-1968; died, 1987.
Born 1907; educated Clifton College and Royal Military College Sandhurst; commissioned into The Loyal Regiment as 2nd Lieutenant, 1927; Lieutenant, 1930; Senior Staff Officer, Bannu, North West Frontier Province, 1934; secondment to the Nigeria Regiment, Royal West African Frontier Force, 1936-1938; Captain, 1937; instructor, Army School of Chemical Warfare, 1938-1939; General Staff Officer 3 at General Headquarters, British Expeditionary Force, 1939-1941; General Staff Officer 2, Headquarters Combined Operations, UK, 1941-1942; General Staff Officer 1, Headquarters Combined Chiefs of Staff, USA, 1942-1944; Major, 1944; US Army Strategic Planning Staff, 1944; second in command, 2 Battalion, The Loyal Regiment, Italy, 1944; second in command, 1 Battalion, The Loyal Regiment, Palestine, 1945; General Staff Officer 1 (Operations and Plans), General Headquarters Mideast, 1945-1947; second in command, 1 Battalion, The South Lancashire Regiment, Trieste, 1947-1948; command, 1 Battalion, The Loyal Regiment, Somaliland, Cyprus and Egypt, 1948-1950; Lieutenant Colonel, 1948; Directorate of Military Training, War Office, 1950-1952; retired, 1952; joined Richard Thomas and Baldwins Ltd, 1956; died 1988.
Born in 1884; 2nd Lt, East Yorkshire Regt, 1903; Lt, 1905; Capt, 1914; served at Gallipoli, 1915, and in Egypt, 1916; Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General, 11 Div, Egyptian Expedition Force, 1916 and British Armies in France, 1916-1918; Maj, 1918; Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, 11 Div, British Armies in France, 1918-1919; Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, British Army on the Rhine, 1919; served in operations in Iraq, 1919-1920; Lt Col, 1931; died 1973.
Born, 1899; son of (Sir) Francis Morgan Bryant, chief clerk to the Prince of Wales and later holder of various offices in the royal secretariat and Registrar of the Royal Victorian Order, and his wife May; educated at Pelham House, Sandgate, Kent, and Harrow School; joined the Royal Flying Corps, 1917; served as a Pilot Officer on the Western Front, 1917-1918; Queen's College, Oxford, 1919-1920; taught at a London County Council school; called to the Bar, Inner Temple, 1923; Principal, Cambridge School of Arts, Crafts and Technology, 1923-1925; Lecturer in History, Oxford University Delegacy for Extra-Mural Studies, 1925-1936; Educational Adviser (later Governor), Bonar Law College, Ashridge, Hertfordshire, from 1929; Watson Chair in American History, University of London, 1935; writer of 'Our Note Book', Illustrated London News, 1936-1985; Chairman, St John and Red Cross Library Department, 1945-1974; President, English Association, 1946; Chairman, Council of Ashridge, 1946-1949; awarded CBE, 1949; Chairman, Society of Authors, 1949-1953; awarded The Sunday Times Prize for Literature for The age of elegance, 1812-1822 (Collins, London, 1950); Chesney Gold medal, Royal United Services Institution; knighted, 1954; appointed Companion of Honour, 1967; Fellow of the Royal Historical Society; President, Common Market Safeguards Campaign; Hon Freedom and Livery, Leathersellers' Company; died, 1985. Publications: Ruper Buxton, a memoir. To which are attached some poems written in his boyhood (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1926); The spirit of Conservatism (Methuen, London, 1929); Syllabus of a course of twelve lectures on biography (John Johnson, Oxford, 1930); King Charles II (Longmans, London, 1931); Macaulay (Peter Davies, London, 1932); Samuel Pepys. The man in the making (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1933); The national character (Longmans, London, 1934); The England of Charles II (Longmans, London, 1934); editor of The man and the hour. Studies of six great men of our time (Philip Allan, London, 1934); Samuel Pepys. The years of peril (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1935); editor of The letters, speeches and declarations of King Charles II (Cassell, London, 1935); George V (Peter Davies, London, 1936); The American ideal (Longmans, London, 1936); Postman's horn. An anthology of the letters of latter seventeenth century England (Longmans, London, 1936); Stanley Baldwin. A tribute (Hamish Hamilton, London, 1937); Humanity in politics (Hutchinson, London, 1938); Samuel Pepys. The saviour of the Navy (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1938); editor of In search of peace. Speeches, 1937-1938 by Rt Hon (Arthur) Neville Chamberlain (Hutchinson, London, 1939); Unfinished victory (Macmillan, London, 1940); English saga, 1840-1940 (Collins, London, 1940); The years of endurance, 1793-1802 (Collins, London, 1942); The summer of Dunkirk (reprinted from The Daily Sketch, [London], 1943); Years of victory, 1802-1812 (Collins, London, 1944); The art of writing history (Oxford University Press, London, 1946); Historian's holiday (Dropmore Press, London, 1946); Trafalgar Day, 21st October, 1948. Alamein Day, 23rd October, 1948 [1948]; The Battle of Britain (The Daily Sketch, Manchester [c1949]); The age of elegance, 1812-1822 (Collins, London, 1950); Literature and the historian (Cambridge University Press, London, 1952); The story of England (Collins, London, 1953); The turn of the tide, 1939-1943. A study based on the diaries and autobiographical notes of Field Marshal the Viscount Alanbrooke (Collins, London, 1957); Triumph in the West, 1943-1946. Based on the diaries and autobiographical notes of Field Marshal the Viscount Alanbrooke (Collins, London, 1959); Liquid history. To commemorate fifty years of the Port of London Authority, 1909-1959 (privately published, London, 1960); Jimmy, the dog in my life (Lutterworth Press, London, 1960); A choice for destiny. Commonwealth and Common Market (Collins, London, 1962); The age of chivalry (Collins, London, 1963); The fire and the rose (Collins, London, 1965); Only yesterday. Aspects of English history, 1840-1940 (Collins, London, 1965); The Medieval foundation (Collins, London, 1966); Protestant island (Collins, London, 1967); The lion and the unicorn. A historian's testament (Collins, London, 1969); Nelson (Collins, London, 1970); The great Duke, or, the invincible General (Collins, London, 1971); Jackets of green: a study of the history, philosophy and character of the Rifle Brigade (Collins, London, 1972); A thousand years of British monarchy (Collins, London, 1975); Pepys and the revolution (Collins, London, 1979); The Elizabethan deliverance (Collins, London, 1980): Spirit of England (Collins, London, 1982); Set in a silver sea: the island peoples from earliest times to the fifteenth century (Collins, London, 1984). Published posthumously: Freedom's own island: the British oceanic expansion, with a chapter by John Kenyon (Collins, London, 1986); The search for justice (Collins, London, 1990).
Born in South Africa in 1902; educated at Boxgrove School, Guildford, Charterhouse School, Godalming and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; 2nd Lt, East Surrey Regt, 1923; Lt, 1925; transferred to Royal Army Service Corps, 1926; Lt, 1927; Shanghai Defence Force, 1927-1928; Assistant Adjutant, Royal Army Service Corps Training Centre, 1929-1932; Adjutant, 44 (Home Counties) Div, Royal Army Service Corps, Territorial Army, 1932-1936; Capt, 1935; studied at Staff College, Camberley, 1936-1937; Adjutant, Ceylon Army Service Corps, 1938; Bde Maj, Malaya Infantry Bde, 1938-1940; Maj, 1940; General Staff Officer Grade 2, Training Directorate, War Office, 1940; Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, 8 Armoured Div, 1940-1941; General Staff Officer Grade 1, Staff College, Camberley, 1941-1942; Brig, 1942; served on administrative planning staff, General HQ Home Forces, 1942-1943; appointed to planning staff of Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander, 1943; Deputy Quartermaster General SHAEF, 1943-1944; Quartermaster (Operations), War Office, 1944; Deputy Director of Supplies and Transport and Quartermaster, 21 Army Group and British Army of the Rhine, 1945-1946; Deputy Quartermaster General, Far East Land Forces, 1946-1948; Deputy Director of Supplies and Transport, Southern Command, 1948-1949; special appointment, USA, 1949-1950; Director of Equipment, War Office, 1950-1951; special appointment, Paris, 1951; ADC to King George VI, 1951, and to Queen Elizabeth II, 1952-1954; Commandant, Royal Army Service Corps Training Centre, 1952-1953; Director of Supplies and Equipment, Middle East Land Forces, 1953-1956; Maj Gen, 1954; Maj Gen in charge of Administration, General HQ, Middle East Land Forces, 1956-1958; retired, 1958; Col Commandant, Royal Army Service Corps, 1959-1964; Honorary Col, 44 (Home Counties) Div, Royal Army Service Corps, 1962-1965 and Royal Corps of Transport, 1965-1967; died in 1994.
Born in 1899; educated at Stoke House, Stoke Poges, Royal Naval College, Osborne and Royal Naval College, Dartmouth; Midshipman, HMS BACCHANTE, 1914; present at Battle of Heligoland Bight, 28 August 1914; took part in defence of Suez Canal Jan-Mar 1915; served at Gallipoli, 1915; Midshipman, HMS REVENGE, 1916; served in North Sea, 1916-1918; present at Battle of Jutland, 31 May 1916; Sub-Lt, 1917; Lt, 1920; served in East Indies and East Africa, 1921-1924; served on HMS THUNDERER and HMS EREBUS; served at China Station, 1926-1928; Lt Cdr, 1927; graduated from RN Staff College, Greenwich, 1931; Cdr, 1933; Capt, 1939; Chief of Staff and afterwards Capt, Auxiliary Patrol, Dover Command, 1939-1940; commanded HMS EURYALUS, Mediterranean, 1941-1943; took part in Malta Convoys, 1942, and Battle of Sirte, 1942; Senior Officer, Assault Group S3, Normandy, France, 1944; commanded HMS MALAYA; Chief of Staff, Naval Force 'W', South East Asia Command, 1945; commanded HMS GANGES, Boys' Training Establishment, Shotley, Suffolk, 1946-1948; retired list, 1948; died in 1985. Publications: How to become a Naval Officer (Special Entry) (Gieves, London, 1935); Bless our ship (George Allen and Unwin, London, 1958); The flowers of the sea (editor) (George Allen and Unwin, London, 1962); How to become a Naval Officer (Cadet Entry) (George Allen and Unwin, London, 1963); Salute the soldier (editor) (George Allen and Unwin, London, 1966); Gallipoli (George Allen and Unwin, London, 1975),
Born 1913; educated at Bradfield College, RMA Sandhurst and St John's College Cambridge; commissioned Royal Engineers, 1933; served with 14th Army, India and Burma, 1941-1945; commanded a column of the 77th Brigade on 1st Chindit Expedition, 1943; awarded DSO, 1943; acting Brig 1944; commanded 77th Brigade on 2nd Chindit Expedition, 1944; awarded Bar to DSO, 1944; commanded Special Air Service (SAS) Brigade, NW Europe, 1944-45; commanded Malayan Scouts (SAS Regiment), 1950-1951; court martialled and dismissed the Service, 1951. Writer and lecturer on guerrilla warfare and military history, 1952-1998; died 1998. Publications: Prisoners of Hope: The Campaign of the77th Infantry Brigade in Burma, 1944 (Jonathan Cape, London, 1952); Slim as a General (Pan Books, London, 1973).
Born in 1846; entered Indian Army, 1863; Col, 1895; served on North West Frontier of India, 1868, in Afghan War, 1878-1879, and in Waziristan, India, 1881, China, 1900-1901, and India, 1901-1903; retired, 1903; died in 1913.
Born in 1861; commissioned into Royal Engineers, 1880; employed on military and public works, India and Burma, 1883-1899; served in South Africa, 1899-1902; Commandant, Balloon School, 1903-1910; Commandant, School of Military Engineering, 1911-1914; Deputy Inspector General, Lines of Communication, 1914; Chief Engineer, 3 Corps and 3 Army, 1915; General Officer Commanding 24 Div, 1915-1917; Director General, Tank Corps, 1917; Director General, War Office, 1917-1918; commanded 64th Div, Forces in Great Britain, 1918-1919; Commander, No 1 Area, British Troops in France and Flanders, 1919; Lt Governor and Commanding Troops in Guernsey, 1920-1925; retired in 1925; died in 1955.
Born in 1911; joined RN, 1930; Engineering Capt, Naval Ordnance Department, Admiralty, 1955; Imperial Defence Course, 1956; Commanding Officer of HMS FISGARD, Naval Artificers' Training Establishment, Torpoint, 1958-1960; Director of Underwater Weapons, Admiralty, 1960-1963; R Adm, 1964; Adm Superintendent, HM Dockyard, Devonport, 1964-1966; retired, 1967; died, 2005.
Born in 1877; educated at Kelvinside Academy, Göttingen University and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; 2nd Lt, Royal Engineers, 1896, and posted to India; served on North West Frontier with Military Works Services; transferred to Bengal Sappers and Miners, [1899]; Capt, 1905; Staff College, Quetta, 1907-1909; Staff Capt, HQ, India, 1909-1910; General Staff Officer Grade 2, Operations Section, General Staff, Simla, 1910-1912; unofficial war correspondent with Bulgarian Army, 1912; Assistant Military Secretary to General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Aldershot, 1912-1914; Maj, 1914; ADC to General Officer Commanding 1 Army Corps, BEF, 1914; General Staff Officer Grade 2, 1 Army Corps HQ, 1914-1916; Brig Gen (Head of Intelligence Service), BEF General HQ, 1916-1918; Deputy Director of Transportation, General HQ, France, 1918; Director of Movements and Quartering, India, 1920-1921; Col, 1921; Deputy Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Eastern Command, India, 1921-1922; retired, 1922; MP (Conservative) for Dumfriesshire, 1924-1929; publication of Field-Marshal Earl Haig (Cassell and Co, London, 1929), At GHQ (Cassell and Co, London, 1931) and Haig (Duckworth, London, 1933); died in 1946.
Born, 1904; commissioned into 4 Queens Hussars as 2 Lieutenant, 1924; Lieutenant, 1926; Captain, 1936; Major, 1941; Commander, B Sqn, 4 Queens Hussars, 3 Royal Tank Regt, Greece, 1941; POW, Warburg, Germany, 1941-1942; POW, Rottenburg, Germany, 1942-1945; Commandant, Bridgend Prisoner of War camp, 1947-1948; retired with rank of Honorary Lieutenant Colonel, 1948; died, 1996.
Born in 1874; educated at Harrow School and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; 2nd Lt, Grenadier Guards, 1893; Lt, 1897; served in Nile Expedition, 1898, and South Africa, 1899-1902; Capt, 1900; passed Staff College, 1903-1904; General Staff Officer, War Office, 1905-1909; Maj, 1909; General Staff Officer, London District, 1910-1914; head of British missions, General HQ, France, 1915-1918; Military Governor, Cologne, 1918-1919; commanded 1 Infantry Bde, Aldershot, 1920; British Military Representative, League of Nations, Geneva, 1920-1922; Military Attaché, Paris, 1924-1927; Director of Personal Services, 1928-1930; Military Secretary to Secretary of State for War, 1930-1934; retired, 1934; died in 1959.
Born 1898; educated at Harrow, Christ Church, Oxford and Strasbourg University; served with French Red Cross, France, 1915-1916; Royal Military College, Sandhurst, 1916-1917; commissioned into the Coldstream Guards, 1917; served in World War One, 1914-1918; service on Western Front with 3 Bn, Coldstream Guards, 1917-1918; Lt, 1918; garrison duty, Cologne, Germany, 1918-1919; Aide de Camp to Lt Gen Sir (George) Tom (Molesworth) Bridges, Head of British Mission Allied Armies of the Orient, Smyrna, Turkey, 1920; service with 3 Bn, Coldstream Guards, Turkey, 1922-1923; service in UK with 1 Bn, Coldstream Guards, 1923-1925; Capt, 1926; British Liaison Officer to French forces, Syria, 1926-1929; service in UK, 1929-1930; attached to French Army and served with 13 Dragoons in France and 2 Spahis and the French Foreign Legion in Algeria, 1930; service in UK, 1930-1932; served in the Sudan and Egypt with 1 Bn, Coldstream Guards, 1932-1933; Aide de Camp to FM Sir Philip Walhouse Chetwode, 7th Bt, Commander-in-Chief of the Army in India, 1933-1935; Maj, 1935; retired 1937; attached to Foreign Office, 1939-1942; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Assistant Chief of Staff, Gibraltar, 1942-1943; Special Liaison Officer, Algiers, 1943-1944; Honorary Lt Col, 1948; died 1991.
Born in 1877; 2nd Lt, King's Own Scottish Borderers, 1897; served with Tirah Expedition Force, North West Frontier of India, 1897-1898; Lt, 1898; Capt, 1901; served in South Africa, 1902; Adjutant, Volunteers, Kings Own Scottish Borderers, 1903-1905 and 1907-1908; Adjutant, Territorial Force, 1908-1911; Adjutant, Officers Training Corps, 1913-1914; Maj, 1914; served in World War One, 1914-1918; commanded 7 Bn Kings Own Scottish Borderers, 1915-1916; 2nd in Command, Officers Cadet Bn, 1917-1918; died in 1958.
Born, 1922; educated at Manchester Grammar School and Pembroke College, Oxford; Pilot, Royal Air Force, 1941-1946; Assistant Principal, Air Ministry, 1948; Private Secretary to Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Air, 1949-1951; Private Secretary to Permanent Under Secretary of State for Air, 1951-1953; Private Secretary to Chief of Air Staff, 1953-1955; Assistant Secretary, Head of the Air Staff, Secretariat, 1955-1960; Head of Cyprus Secretariat, including negotiations in Cyprus and responsibility for setting up Sovereign Base Area Administration in Cyprus, 1960-61; awarded CMG, 1961; Director of Accounts, Air Ministry, 1961-1962; Assistant Under Secretary of State, Air Ministry, 1962-1964; Assistant Under Secretary of State, Ministry of Defence, 1964-1968; Deputy Under Secretary of State, Ministry of Defence, 1968-1970; awarded CB, 1970; Deputy Secretary, Civil Service Department, 1970-1973; Permanent Under Secretary of State, Northern Ireland Office, 1973-1976; created KCB, 1974; Honorary Fellow, Pembroke College, Oxford, 1976; Permanent Under Secretary of State, Ministry of Defence, 1976-1982; appointed GCB, 1979; Member of Council, King's College London, 1981-1989; Honorary Consultant, Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies, from 1982; Governor, Cranbrook School, 1982-1992; Director, Westland Helicopters, 1982-1985; Privy Councillor, 1983; Chairman, Delegacy, King's College Medical and Dental School, 1983-1989; Director, Babcock International Group, 1983-1990; Director, Morgan Crucible, 1983-1994; Member of Council, Imperial College, London, 1983-1996; Director, N M Rothschild and Sons, 1983-1996; published Communications in crisis management (Council for Arms Control, London, 1985); Chairman, United Scientific Holdings, 1985-1989; Chairman, Institute of Contemporary British History, 1986-1992; Chairman, High Integrity Systems Limited, 1986-1995; Fellow of King's College London, 1987; Chairman of Trustees, Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London, 1987-2002; Fellow of Imperial College London, 1988; Chairman of Council, Imperial College, London, 1988-1996; Member, Advisory Council on Public Records, 1989-1992. For further biographical information see the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Gunner in Edinburgh University Battery, OTC; volunteered for active service and commissioned as 2nd Lt, 1 Lowland Bde, Royal Field Artillery, 1914; Lt, 1915; Capt, 1915; served with Royal Field Artillery on Western Front, 1915-1918.
Born in 1920; educated at Wellington College, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich and Trinity College, Cambridge; 2nd Lt, Royal Engineers, 1940; Lt, 1941; Capt, 1946; Maj, 1953; Lt Col, 1961; Defence Adviser, British Mission to the UN, 1964-1966; Brig, Engineer Plans, Ministry of Defence (Army), 1968-1970; Chief Executive, Cumbernauld Development Corporation, 1970-1985.
Born in India, 1905; educated at Connaught House, Wellington College and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; commissioned into the Corps of Royal Engineers, 1925; Lt, 1927; served in India with Queen Victoria's Own Madras Sappers and Miners, 1932-1936; awarded Albert Medal (later exchanged for the GC) for rescuing survivors of the earthquake in Quetta, India, 1935; Capt, 1936; Instructor, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, 1936-1938; Staff Capt, 1939; Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1939; served in World War Two in the Middle East, Italy and North West Europe, 1939-1945; Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General, War Office, 1939-1940; temporary Maj, 1940-1941; Middle East, 1940-1942; Assistant Quartermaster General, 1941-1942; temporary Lt Col, 1941-1944; Maj, 1942; Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, 30 Corps, Western Desert, 1942; General Staff Officer 1, British Army Staff, Washington DC, USA, 1942-1943; Instructor, US Command and Staff School, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, USA, 1942-1943; awarded OBE, 1943; substantive Lt Col, 1944; acting Brig, Allied Forces Headquarters, Caserta, Italy, 1944; Brig Q [Quartermaster] (Army Equipment), 1944; temporary Brig, 1944-1953; awarded CBE, 1946; Col, 1949; Brig, 1953; temporary Maj Gen, 1953; Chief of Staff, Headquarters, Eastern Command, 1953-1956; Maj Gen, 1954; awarded CB, 1954; Vice Quartermaster General, 1956-1957; Lt Gen, 1957; Controller of Munitions, Ministry of Supply, 1957-1960; created KBE, 1958; Master General of the Ordnance, War Office, 1960-1962; Governor, Wellington College, 1960-1976; Col Commandant, Royal Pioneer Corps, 1961-1967; Col Commandant, Royal Engineers, 1961-1970; retired 1962; Director, Alastair Watson Limited, 1962-1970; Chairman, Bowmaker Limited, 1962-1971; Director, British Oxygen Limited, 1962-1976; Chairman of Governors, Eagle House School, 1968-1976; Chairman of Governors, Bigshotte School, 1968-1976; Director, C T Bowring and Company Limited, 1969-1971; Vice President and Chairman of Governors, Wellington College, 1969-1976; Chairman, Wilverley Securities Limited, 1970-1973; Keith and Henderson Limited, 1973-1976; Chairman, Polamco Limited, 1976-1993; Chairman of Governors, Brockenhurst Sixth Form College, 1977-1984; President, Old Wellingtonian Society, 1979-1993; President, New Forest Preservation Society, 1982-1993; Fellow, Royal Society of Arts; died 1993.Publications: Memoirs of Lieutenant-General Sir John Cowley, 1905-1993, edited by Colin Maitland (Deltastet, London, 1998).
Born 1902; educated at Kings Norton Grammar School, London University (external engineering degree, 1922); Imperial College London, (PhD in aeronautics, 1924); engineer on construction of Airship R101, 1924-1929; Airworthiness Dept, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, 1929-1930; Chief Technical Officer, Royal Airship Works, 1931; Scientific Officer, Royal Aircraft Establishment, working on investigation of wing flutter and stability of structures, 1931-1935; Lecturer in aircraft structures, Aeronautics Department, Imperial College London, 1932-1938; Principal Scientific Officer, RAE, 1935-1936; Head of Air Defence Department, RAE, 1936-1938; Chief Technical Officer, Air Registration Board, 1938-1939; Superintendent of Scientific Research, RAE, 1939-1940; Deputy Director of Scientific Research, Ministry of Aircraft Production, 1940-1943; Director of Special Projects, Ministry of Aircraft Production, 1943-1944, Chairman and Managing Director Power Jets (Research and Development) Ltd, 1944-1946; Director, Gas Turbine Establishment, 1946-1948; Chief Scientist, Ministry of Fuel and Power, 1948-1954; Kt 1953; Created Baron Kings Norton of Wotton Underwood (Life Peer), 1965; Chancellor, Cranfield University (formerly Cranfield Institute of Technology), 1969-1997, died 1997. Publications: numerous papers on theory of structures, wing flutter, gas turbines, civil aviation and airships.
Joan Malleson was an important figure in ALRA and the FPA/North Kensington Clinic, she undertook pioneering early work in sex counselling. She died in 1956.
Born, 1884; Educated at Barnard Castle School, 1898-1902; Emmanuel College Cambridge, 1902; Research student, Emmanuel, working under Gowland Hopkins, 1906; Demonstrator in Department of Physiology, St Thomas's Hospital, 1909-1911; MA,MB(Cantab), 1910; Beit Memorial Fellowship, 1910-1912; Chair of Physiology of the University of London in the King's (subsequently Queen Elizabeth's) College for Women, 1913-1920; Married May Tweedy, 1914; MD (Cantab), 1915; Work on the absorption of alcohol, under the MRC for the Liquor Control Board, c 1918; Chair of Pharmacology at the University of Sheffield, 1920-1933; FRS, 1925, FRCP, 1928; Chairman, League of Nations Nutrition and Vitamins Standardisation Commission, 1931; Appointed Secretary to the Medical Research Council, 1933; Fullerian Professor of the Royal Institution, 1936-1937; KCB, 1937; Honorary Physician to King George VI , 1937-1941; Chairman of the Advisory Medical Panel of the British Council, 1942; Work on the role of agene in flour in the causation of canine hysteria, 1946; Visited South Africa to advise on medical research, 1948; Attended African Scientific Regional Congress, 1949; Retired as Secretary to the Medical Research Council, 1949; Visited India to advise on medical research policy, 1950-1951; Visit to Australia and New Zealand to advise on medical research, 1951; died, 1955.
May Tweedy was born in 1882, educated at Hampstead and Bromley High Schools, and then went to Girton College, Cambridge, where she pursued the Natural Science Tripos, Parts I and II, 1902-1905. She then held the post of Research Scholar and Lecturer at Bedford College London, 1906-1914. She married Edward Mellanby in 1914 and collaborated in his research throughout the rest of their lives together. Besides all the work she carried out with her husband on nutrition, she also conducted independently research into the physiology of dentition and the causes of dental disease, and was involved with a number of bodies making policy in this field. She died in 1978.
Dr Hugo Rast was a Swiss national who was physician to the German Hospital, London. Born, 1891; Studied medicine in Berne, Lausanne, Paris and London; qualified MD, Berne, 1916; took up post at German Hospital London, 1919; FRCS, LRCS, 1822; Honorary Surgeon to the German Hospital, 1925; Senior Surgeon, German Hospital, 1938; Medical Superintendent, German Hospital, 1939-1945; Chairman of the Mixed Medical Commission for Prisoners of War (under the War Office) and for Civilian Internees (under the Home Office), 1941-1945; Chairman for Mixed Medical Commission for the European Theatre of War, USA War Department, 1944; Medical Adviser to various Embassies and Legations in London; Honorary Consultant to the North East Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board; died, 1982.
CBE, MA, DSc, DM, BCh, FRS, FRCP, FRCPath, FRS.
Biochemist; Professor of Chemical Pathology, Guy's Hospital Medical School, University of London, 1947-1965; Secretary-General International Union of Biochemistry 1955-1964; Director, Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, University of London, 1965-1976; Wellcome Trust Trustee, 1963-1982, and Deputy Chairman, 1978-1982; Chairman Chemical Defence Advisory Board, Ministry of Defence, 1968-1975.
Rudolf Karl Freudenberg was born, 1908; Studied medicine at the Universities of Kiel, Munich and Freiburg; Qualified MD, 1932; Became house officer in surgery in Berlin, 1932; Married Gerda Vorster, 1932; Lost job on account of Jewish background; Obtained job at University Neuro-histological Institute, Vienna, 1935; Did work on physiology of insulin coma treatment, 1936; Invited to join the staff of Moorcroft House, a private psychiatric hospital in Hillingdon, Middlesex, and moved to England, 1937; Obtained British medical qualifications (Scottish Triple), 1939; During World War Two was involved in primate research on leucotomy; Obtained Diploma in Psychiatric Medicine, 1945; consultant and Deputy Superintendent at Netherne Hospital, Surrey, 1947; Physician Superintendent at Netherne, 1951-1973; Senior Principal Medical Officer and Head of Medical Mental Section at the Ministry of Health, 1961-1964; President of Psychiatry Section, Royal Society of Medicine, 1965-1966; Establishment of Netherne Postgraduate Medical Centre (later the Freudenberg Centre), 1969; retired from Netherne, 1973; Senior Principal Medical Officer and Chief Advisor on Mental Health Research at the Ministry of Health, 1973-1977, died, 1983.
Gerda Freudenberg was born, 1906; Qualified MD at Freiburg, 1932; Worked in medical posts in Berlin and married Rudolf Karl Freudenberg, 1933; Lost job in Berlin on account of Jewish background, 1935; Found jobs in Vienna, and later Berne, 1936; Joined her husband in England, with their first son, 1938; Worked with League of Friends of Netherne Hospital; Voluntary work for the Council for Music in Hospital, 1947-; Qualification for UK medical practice, 1950; died, 1995.
Originally set up to consider the duties, responsibilities and interests of Masters and Matrons of Poor Law Institutions (at the time a joint post held by a married couple resident on the premises), the Association underwent various alterations in structure, organisation and title as a result of changing attitudes and legislation. The names held by the organisation were as follows: National Association of Workhouse Masters and Matrons (to c 1915) National Association of Masters and Matrons of Poor Law Institutions (c 1915-1932) National Association of Administrators of Local Government Institutions/Establishments (1932-1948) Association of Health and Welfare Administrators (1948-1970) Association of Hospital and Residential Care Officers (1970-1982) Association of Health and Residential Care Officers (1982-1984). Its members were involved in residential care (mostly of children and the aged), and in hospital administration, throughout its existence. In 1944 the Association established a closer relationship with National Association of Local Government Officers (NALGO), the trade union representing local government officers, in order to have the resources of this larger body at their disposal. The differences in approach, and the fact that AHRCO was a small interest group within this much larger organisation, led to inevitable tensions, in particular over the question of industrial action. Membership, once over 2000, declined to 400 by 1979, as a result of structural changes within the health and caring professions and changes in attitudes generally. It was thus decided to dissolve the Association as a formally constituted body in 1984. Further details of the history of this Association can be found in Lionel Lewis, Association of Health and Residential Care Officers: A Short History (1898-1984) (L. Lewis, Faversham, [n.d.]), a copy of which may be found at SA/AHR/C.55.
A Scottish Association for Occupational Therapy was established in 1932, and the Association of Occupational Therapists in England in 1936. A Joint Council was formed in 1952, and final merger took place in 1974 under the title the British Association of Occupational Therapists.
The BAOT is the only professional, educational and trade union organisation for occupational therapists and support staff in the UK, and is a member of the Committee for Occupational Therapists in the European Communities (COTEC) and the World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT). It acts to validate and monitor pre-registration courses, guide continuing professional development and to initiate and support research and development into professional practice. It also sets standards of ethical and professional conduct and acts to represent and promote the profession's views and needs to central government, other professional bodies and consumers. Its members have full membership of UNISON, which serves to promote employment rights and conditions.
Founded 1909 to promote the advancement of medical science through the award of research fellowships by Otto Beit (later Sir Otto) in memory of his brother Alfred, who had died in 1906, from whom Otto, as residual legatee, inherited a large fortune. The purpose of the Fellowships was to promote the advancement of medical science at a time when research scholarships were few. The first Fellowships were awarded in 1910. Initially the Fellowships were for a period of three years, with the only condition on application being that the candidate was of European descent by both parents, although the Deed of Foundation was altered in 1945 to open up the field to applicants with a degree from any university in the British Empire. In 1922 it was decided that Fellows could extend their period of study to four years in exceptional circumstances. At the same time a Senior Fellowship was established, also for a period of three years, for those who had held both a Junior and a Fourth Year Fellowship, allowing research to be carried out for total of seven years. The Fellowships are governed by a Board of Trustees and an Advisory Boar, the Trustees being men involved in public affairs, and the Advisory Board made up of eminent medics and scientists. The Principal of the University of London is always ex-officio a member of the Board of Trustees.
The Association was founded in 1911, but further details of its historical background, or that of Osteopathic Trusts Ltd., is not known.
In 1931 the British Pharmacological Society was founded in Oxford by group of c 20 pharmacologists, and brought together by J.A. Gunn, H.H. Dale and W.E. Dixon. It aimed to meet once a year for the reading of papers on pharmacological subjects and the discussion of questions of teaching and publication to promote friendly relations between workers in pharmacology.
The Camberwell Council on Alcoholism (CCA) promoted preventive and diagnostic work in the study of alcoholism as a disease and in the treatment of alcoholics. Founded in 1963, it was the first of the community councils on alcoholism to be established in the UK. It was active in an area of south London where a very visible vagrant alcoholic problem met a growing interest among the doctors of the Maudsley Hospital in the problems of alcoholism as a disease: in particular Dr Griffith Edwards of the Maudsley was very active in setting up this local council. Recent theoretical developments concerning the problem (mainly from the USA) met the 1960s trend towards the development of community-based organisations to deal with social problems, committed to a self-help approach and involved in direct action, education of the public and campaigning. During this early period of the CCA's history the economic climate was favourable, with public money being available to fund projects such as these.
The CCA became involved in the problems created by alcohol over a wide field from the very obvious problem of the vagrant alcoholic to the unsuspectedly large problem of female alcoholism. The pattern of the CCA's activity was to set up groups to deal with a particular problem (e.g. provision of hostel accommodation for homeless alcoholics, setting an Alcohol Education Centre) and then withdraw as these groups became self-supporting ventures. It also liaised with other organisations doing related work. The CCA became inactive in the early 1980s.
The British Empire Cancer Campaign (BECC or the Campaign') was founded in 1923 "to attack and defeat the disease of cancer in all its forms, to investigate its causes, distribution, symptoms, pathology and treatment and to promote its cure" [Memorandum and Articles of Association]. It was founded amidst rivalry and even hostility from the well-established Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF orthe Fund') and the Medical Research Council (MRC). The ICRF felt that the Campaign would jeopardize its existence and the standing of other well-known cancer research institutions, especially regarding fund-raising; the MRC was concerned that the Campaign would challenge its supremacy within the scientific hierarchy and its control of the direction of biomedical research. Despite this controversial beginning, the Campaign became a very successful and powerful grant-giving body, allocating funds (obtained on an entirely voluntary basis), to universities, hospitals, research institutions and individuals, for a wide range of both clinical and biomedical cancer research. In 1963 the words for Research' were added to the Campaign's title, partly to strengthen its legal position with regard to doubtfully worded legacies tocancer research'. However, this title was found to be rather cumbersome for everyday use and the words British Empire' tended to cause confusion with the wordImperial' in the minds of the public. In 1970, the title Cancer Research Campaign (CRC) was adopted. For details of the early history of the Campaign and its relationship with the ICRF and MRC see A history of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund 1902-1986, Dr Joan Austoker (OUP: 1988). Some information on the Campaign's origins and development of its regional organization can be found in Appendix I of the hard-copy list. Current information on the Campaign can be found on their website: http://www.crc.org.uk.
At an informal dinner held in January 1942 a group of eminent professors decided to form a small club composed of those holding university chairs in medicine, surgery or obstetrics and who were interested in the future of clinical teaching and academic medicine, particularly in light of the inception of the NHS. The limited membership club thus founded began as a small group of 14, but membership steadily increased, reaching 184 in 1992. Originally membership was limited to heads of strictly clinical departments but has since been extended to professors of paraclinical disciplines. Each meeting of the Club is devoted, after general business has been dealt with, to the discussion of a particular topic of current medico-political or medico-academic importance, ranging from the foundation and operation of the National Health Service and the Royal Commission on Medical Education to issues in the funding of research, the undergraduate curriculum, examination procedures, postgraduate training, medicine and the media, etc. The Club has periodically made reports and recommendations, eg. to Royal Commissions, but has consistently avoided becoming involved in salary negotiations. Further details of the history of the Club can be found in Section A. of the collection.
The Graves Medical Audiovisual Library (formerly the Medical Recording Service Foundation) was a non-profit educational charity whose aims were to make available all kinds of audiovisual materials by hire and sale and also to encourage new developments in medical and paramedical education. The Library was started by husband and wife team Drs John and Valerie Graves in 1957 as an educational activity of the College of General Practitioners (from 1972 the Royal College of General Practitioners). It soon became the premier organisation supplying audiovisual materials for all the medical and paramedical professions in the U.K. Users became world wide and the range of topics covered all areas of healthcare education. Initially it was mainly associated with tape-slide programmes, but by the mid-1980s video programmes became a major medium and they included videotapes on a wide range of subjects in their lists.
The Graves' original aim was to promote a new method of medical teaching, using the tape recorder to communicate with the general practitioner, and ultimately to build up a medical recordings library. The service began in Winter 1957 with tapes sent to 27 listeners. It came under the remit of the Post-Graduate Education Committee of the College of General Practitioners and was supported by a grant from Smith, Kline and French Laboratories Ltd.
At first it was a very personal service to keep GPs who could not easily attend courses and lectures in touch with new developments and did most of the recording. In 1961 it became known as the Medical Recording Service and Sound Library (MRS). It grew rapidly and by the late-1960s the MRS made tapes for the College and other organisations; it also had reciprocal arrangements with other organisations making their own recordings and tapes. The MRS continued its own recordings but primarily functioned to administer the loan service, offering a wide range of teaching aids: cassette tapes, tape-slide packages, programmed slide sets, question-and-answer tapes and LP discs, covering many aspects of medicine. The service paid especial reference to self-instruction and small group teaching, with the emphasis on low cost, ready availability and ease of use with simple equipment. It also functioned as an advisory and co-ordinating service on audiovisual teaching and supported research into the effectiveness and use of such material.
In April 1969 it became the Medical Recording Service Foundation Board of the College of Practitioners (MRSF). All funds were transferred to the Board which managed them. The fund formed part of the assets of the College but was kept separate from other funds of the College and used only for audio-visual purposes. Both John and Valerie Graves were on the Foundation Board. The reasons behind this were financial and legal: to have its own spending powers and accounts, to clarify its financial position and keep its independence but stay within the College and keep the Ministry of Health happy that it was not going outside of the College remit. By then the grant from Smith Kline French had ceased (in 1968) and the service was receiving grants from a number of organisations, including the College and a large one from DHSS, and doing recording work for other people than the College.
By 1975 the MRSF had become a central clearing-house for all medical tape-slides in the UK, with an annual issuing rate of over 25,000. It's activities were far outside the scope of the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP), producing and providing material of general use to the whole NHS (post-graduate doctors, dentists, nurses and midwives, physiotherapists, health visitors, social workers, etc.) and colleges in the U.K. and abroad.
In 1976 the MRSF decided to sever links from the RCGP, setting up a new and independent company and charity, The Graves Medical Audiovisual Library (GMAL), to continue the work of the Service separate from the College. The fund was transferred from the RCGP to the new GMAL. The official name change took effect on 25th Oct 1977.
The service had originally been run from the Graves' home, Kitts Croft in Chelmsford, and had spread through the house and expanded into an annex built in their garden in 1972. In May 1978 the GMAL moved into new, bigger premises at Holly House, Chelmsford. The staff were all local
In 1980, John Graves, OBE, died and Valerie Graves, OBE, stayed on as Honorary Medical Director and Honorary Secretary. In Oct 1984 Richard Morton MSc, FRPS, was appointed Director of the GMAL becoming responsible for the overall direction of the Library and initiation and development of new projects (Valerie Graves continued as Honorary Director).
In 1986 the GMAL's separate London base at the Hospital Equipment Display Centre in Newman Street moved to the British Life Assurance Trust (BLAT) Centre for Health and Medical Education, at BMA House, Tavistock Square, London. There the latest programmes could be viewed.
To reflect its expanding sphere of activity in supplying all kinds of audiovisual materials for the medical and paramedical professions, in Dec 1990 the name 'Graves Educational Resources' was adopted.
In Apr 1993 Graves Educational Resources transferred its audiovisual distribution services to Concord Video and Film Council, based in Ipswich, from where the Graves medical audiovisual programmes are still available. The savings from winding up the base in Chelmsford were placed by the University of Wales College of Medicine in a special fund known as the Graves Educational Resources Development Fund, to be used to support pioneering work in computer based learning in medicine.
The Hospital Infection Society was founded in 1979 to provide a scientific forum for medical microbiologists interested in various aspects of infection in hospital. Initially the Society was proposed to be a sub-group of a larger society, to be founded as the Society for Clinical Microbiology. However, a subsequent meeting of the steering committee determined that the new association should stand alone from the start as the Hospital Infection Society. Its objective was to promote the study of and facilitate the dissemination of information about all aspects of hospital infection and the importance of holding meetings and of co-operation with other societies was emphasised from the outset. Membership was to consist of medically-qualified microbiologists, with physicians and surgeons or non-medical microbiologists with a PhD or MRCPath and an active interest in hospital infection admissible on the discretion of the Council.
The Society meets several times a year, often in conjunction with other related societies, such as the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (whose archive is also held at the Wellcome Library), the Surgical Infection Study Group and the Infection Control Nurses Association (see Section B). The annual Lowbury Lecture, sponsored from the first by ICI, was named after Professor Edward Lowbury, the Society's first President, an expert in the field. The Society has also organised large three International Conferences on hospital infection (see Section G).
The work of publicising the issue of hospital infection was aided by the establishment of the Journal of Hospital Infection in 1980, which was associated with the Society from the outset and soon became its official publication (see E.1-2). The Society also undertook to carry out research in the field, by means of ad hoc working parties (see F.1) and to use the professional expertise of the membership to advise, comment on and publicise the work of others (see F.2).
The organisation now known as the Health Visitors' Association was founded in 1896 as Women Sanitary Inspectors' Association; renamed in 1915 as the Women Sanitary Inspectors' and Health Visitors' Association and in 1930 became the Women Public Health Officers' Association. The name Health Visitors' Association was adopted in 1962.
The Women Sanitary Inspectors' Association was founded in 1896 by seven women sanitary workers, all based in London. By 1906 the membership had risen to sixty-three and that year invitations to join the Association were sent out to those working in the provinces. The main aims of the Association have remained constant throughout its history - to safeguard the interests and improve the status of women public health workers and to promote the interchange of relevant technical and professional knowledge. In 1915 the name of the Association was changed to The Women Sanitary Inspectors' and Health Visitors' Association to reflect the increased number of Health Visitors who had joined, and in 1929 it became The Women Public Health Officers' Association due to the inclusion in the membership of others working in the public health field. In 1962 it adopted the new name of The Health Visitors' Association as this was seen as more indicative of the work and function of most members, although other types of workers were not excluded.
Throughout its history the Association has been interested in the work of the many different types of health worker who have been eligible for membership at one time or another such as school nurses, tuberculosis visitors, sanitary inspectors, clinic nurses, family planning nurses, domiciliary midwives and matrons of day nurseries as well as health visitors themselves, and has shared connections with parallel professions such as nursing, social work, district nursing and midwifery. In 1918 the Association affiliated to the National Union of Women Workers and in 1924 was the first health service union to affiliate to the Trades Union Congress and has actively negotiated and campaigned on a variety of issues such as pay and conditions, state welfare benefits, training, etc.
The early emphasis of health visiting was on mother and child care, as part of the tide of concern over infant mortality during the late 19th and early 20th century, but later, particularly after the National Health Service Acts of 1946-7, their work extended into involvement with the health of the whole family and other groups such as those needing after-care following admission to hospital, those with long term illness, the recently bereaved, and families with social problems, although the emphasis throughout has remained on public health education. Because of this, and the varied settings in which its members have worked at different times over the years, such as the home and school, workshop and factory, as well as the health centre, clinic and hospital, the records of the Association, and of the individual health visitors which lie alongside them, document many social, rather than purely medical, aspects of health and disease in a wide range of areas ranging from the working conditions of outworkers and the recovery of the tuberculous at the beginning of the century, to, more recently, concern over cigarette advertising and the public health implications of the chemical and nuclear industries.
The British Migraine Association (BMA) was founded in 1958 as an association for sufferers. Growing out of the activities of the BMA, the Migraine Trust was set up in 1965 as a charitable organisation for the promotion of research into migraine and its alleviation.
The National Association for the Prevention of Consumption and other forms of Tuberculosis (NAPC) was founded in 1899. The aims were the education of public opinion and the stimulation of individual initiative, influencing central and local government, and the establishment of local branches. The name changed to the National Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis (NAPT) in 1919. The Association's activities included propaganda, health education, training, funding research, conferences, lectures, exhibitions, touring caravans, and producing publications. It also supported the establishment of sanatoria, dispensaries and care committees around the UK and abroad.
The Association offered grants to individual sufferers from 1928. Individual committees examined issues such as mass radiography, and sanatorium design and construction. An appeal to establish a Farm Colony for discharged tuberculous servicemen, started in 1917, and Burrow Hill Colony was established at Frimley in Surrey in 1918 and closed in 1943; the Burrow Hill Training Fund to train men and boys in suitable occupations was inaugurated in the 1950s. The Queen Alexandra Sanatorium Fund and allied Funds were transferred to the NAPT in 1954. The Spero Fund (previously the Central Fund for the Industrial Welfare of Tuberculous Persons) appointed the NAPT to take over administration in the early 1950s. Due to a decline in Tuberculosis, the words 'and Diseases of the Chest and Heart' were added to the Association's name in 1956. The name changed again to the Chest and Heart Association for the Conquest of Chest and Heart Diseases through Research, Education and Treatment, commonly known as the Chest and Heart Association (CHA) in 1958. The Volunteer Stroke Service was established by the Association in the 1970s. The name changed to The Chest, Heart and Stroke Association in 1975. The Association decided to focus exclusively on the area of stroke, working to reduce the effect of stroke on patients, their families, carers and the community, and changed its name to The Stroke Association in 1992.