Justice and Pattenden were a small solicitor's practice based in Bernard Street, Holborn. The partnership dealt with general legal matters concerning property, family and estate matters and was listed in the Post Office London directories from 1849 until 1939.
The journal Justice of the Peace was established in 1837. In 1927 it became a private limited liability company, with Stanley S Bond as the chairman (1927-42). The journal was sold in 1969 to its editor.
The London office of JW Doane and Company was opened in 1893 at 21 Mincing Lane in 1899 and closed in March 1905, after the apparent failure of the head office of the company in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Although the company was described in directories as "merchants", the business of the London office was strictly that of a coffee broker.
These notes are based on London directories and information taken from the archives themselves; nothing relating to the company could be found in secondary sources.
Thomas Kabdebo was a member of the Library staff at University College London Library. He published an edition of translations of the poems of the Hungarian poet Attila József (1905-1937) in 1966.
Phyllis Mary Kaberry, 1910-1977, was educated at the University of Sydney. Her first fieldwork was conducted in the early 1930s in North West Australia on the social status of aboriginal women. In 1936 she moved to London to work in the Anthropology Department of the London School of Economics as a research assistant to Audrey Richards. After obtaining her doctorate in 1939 she received a fellowship from the Australian National Research Council to undertake fieldwork among the Abelam tribe in New Guinea. From 1941 to 1943, Kaberry lectured at Yale on Australia and New Guinea and edited Malinowski's unpublished material on culture change. In 1945 she made the first of five field trips to Cameroon, first under the auspices of the International African Institute and later with the support of the Wenner-Gren Foundation. In 1949, she joined the Department of Anthropology at University College London, where she remained a Reader in Social Anthropology for 26 years.
Gurs was a major internment camp in France, near Oloron-Sainte-Marie and 80 kilometers from the Spanish border. Established in 1939 to absorb Republican refugees from Spain, Gurs served later as a concentration camp for Jews from France and refugees from other countries. While under the administration of Vichy France (1940-1942) most non-Jewish prisoners were released and approximately 2000 Jews were permitted to emigrate. In 1941 Gurs held some 15,000 prisoners. The camp was controlled by the Germans from 1942 to 1944, during which time several thousand inmates were deported to extermination camps in Poland. An unknown number succeeded in escaping and reaching Spain or hiding in Southern France. Gurs was liberated in the summer of 1944.
Erich Kaiser who wrote under the pseudonym Emil Grant, was born in Berlin in 1905 and emigrated to Paris in 1933 where he worked as a journalist for a number of German emigré newspapers including Paris Tageblatt, Paris Tageszeitung, Vorwärts, and Weltbühne. He was brought to Albi, Camp des Prestateurs where he committed suicide, 1 Sep 1940.
This company, operating in Assam, India, was part of the Inchcape Group.
HMT Dunera was a British passenger ship built as a troop transport in the late 1930s. On 10 Jul 1940 The Duneraleft Liverpool with men classed as enemy aliens, who were considered a risk to British security. Although many of the internees had in fact fled Europe to escape Nazi persecution, they were considered to have been German agents, potentially helping to plan the invasion of Britain. Included were 2,036 Jewish refugees from Austria and Germany, 451 German and Italian prisoners of war and others including the survivors of the Arandora Star disaster. They were taken to Australia for internment in the rural towns of Hay, New South Wales and Tatura, Victoria Australia. The ship had a maximum capacity of 1,500 - including crew - however on this voyage there were 2,542 transportees. The resultant condition has been described as 'inhumane', the transportees were also subjected to ill-treatment and theft by the 309 poorly trained British guards on board. On arrival in Sydney, the first Australian on board was medical army officer Alan Frost. He was appalled and his subsequent report led to the court martial of the army officer-in-charge, Lieutenant-Colonel William Scott.
Herbert Goldsmith (formerly Goldschmidt), was one of the internees on the HMT Dunera and subsequently a detainee at 'Camp 8', Hay Internment camp for refugees, New South Wales, Australia.
Erwin Kallir, was the canteen manager at 'Camp 8', Hay Internment camp for refugees, New South Wales, Australia.
Eliezer Kaplan was born 1891; joined the Socialist Zionist Party, 1905; founder of the Youth of Zion - Renewal movement, 1908; founder of the Youth of Zion movement in Russia, 1912; member of the Ukrainian delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference, 1919; immigrated to Mandate Palestine, and was involved in merging Youth of Zion with Hapoel Hatzair to form Hitachdut, 1920; elected to the Zionist Executive Committee, 1920; went to Berlin to run Hitachdut's world office, 1920; returned to Mandate Palestine and joined the Histadrut's Office of Public Works, 1923; Director of the Technical Department of the Tel Aviv municipality, 1923-1925; Tel Aviv city council, 1925-1933; treasurer of the Jewish Agency, 1933-1948; signed the Israeli declaration of independence, and appointed Minister of Finance in the provisional government, 1948; elected to the first Knesset as a member of Mapai, and retained the Finance Ministry post, also becoming Minister of Trade and Industry; Deputy Prime Minister, 1952; died 1952.
Born Yvonne Mayer, 1903; educated at King's College London; married the artist, Edmond Kapp, 1922; joined Communist Party of Great Britain, 1936, following a visit to the Soviet Union; worked with Basque and Jewish refugees, 1937-1938; Assistant to Director, British Committee to Refugees from Czechoslovakia, dismissed from her post by the Home Office, 1940, and wrote pamphlet British Policy and the Refugees, 1941; Research Officer, Amalgamated Engineering Union, 1941-1946; worked for Medical Research Council, undertaking field work in the East End of London, 1947-1953; editor and translator, Lawrence and Wishart (publishers), 1953-1957; died 1999. Publications: four novels under the pseudonym Yvonne Cloud, including Nobody Asked You, 1932 and The Houses in Between, 1938; Eleanor Marx, (2 vols 1972, 1976).
Yvonne Kapp: Born Yvonne Mayer, 1903; educated at King's College London; married the artist, Edmond Kapp, 1922; joined Communist Party of Great Britain, 1936, following a visit to the Soviet Union; worked with Basque and Jewish refugees, 1937-1938; Assistant to Director, British Committee to Refugees from Czechoslovakia, dismissed from her post by the Home Office, 1940, and wrote [with Margaret Mynatt] pamphlet British Policy and the Refugees, 1941; Research Officer, Amalgamated Engineering Union, 1941-1946; worked for Medical Research Council, undertaking field work in the East End of London, 1947-1953; editor and translator, Lawrence and Wishart (publishers), 1953-1957; died 1999. Publications: four novels under the pseudonym Yvonne Cloud, including Nobody Asked You, 1932 and The Houses in Between, 1938; Eleanor Marx, (2 vols 1972, 1976).
Margaret Mynatt: Born Vienna, 1907, daughter of a British musician, John Charles Mynatt, (who was known professionally as Giovanni Carlo Minotti); she moved to Berlin in 1929, and joined the Communist Party, and was also involved with Bertolt Brecht and his circle, assistng in the creation of St Joan of the Stockyards and other plays; she left Germany in 1933, following the Reichstag fire, and settled in London; she was Head of Tribunals for the Czech Refugee Trust Fund, 1938-1941, and was dismissed (with Yvonne Kapp) by the Foreign Office in 1941; they subsequently published the pamphlet British Policy and the Refugees; she was Head of Reuters Soviet Monitor, 1951-1951; Manager of Central Books, 1951-1966 and a director of the publishers Lawrence and Wishart, 1966-1977; at the time of her death in Feb 1977 she was editor-in-chief of the Collected Works of Marx and Engels.
Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic (1787-1864), Serbian language reformer, was born in Trsic, Serbia, then under Turkish rule. In 1813 after a brief period of independence, Serbia was reconquered by the Ottoman Empire and Karadzic was one of many refugees to flee to Vienna. It was here that he met Jernej Kopitar who became an influence on his thinking. Kopitar was a Slovene working as the Austrian Imperial consor of Slavonic subjects. Karadzic's goal became to make the Serb language spoken by peasants under Turkish rule the literary norm in place of the classical style. He also wanted to establish a uniform orthography with a revised and simplified alphabet. In 1815 Prince Milos Obrenovic succeeded in overthowing Turkish rule. From 1829 to 1832 Karadzic served the newly independent state in various ways.
In 1832 Karadzic returned to Vienna after his newly published alphabet was banned by Obrenovic as a result of opposition from the Orthodox Church. Karadzic protested at Obrenovic's policy in his published letter "Letter to Milos Obrenovic". A copy of the original letter (now probably in the National Library of Slovenia) is part of this collection, For much of the period 1832-1859, Karadzic was barred from Serbia (from 1842 to 1859 the Obrenovic family were also in exile). He continued his battle against the old Serb alphabet and for the use of popular language. Karadzic also wrote works on Serbian history and the life and customs of Serbian peasants and published collections of folk songs. He died having largely succeeded in his linguistic aims.
Wanda Landowska (1879-1959) was a Polish keyboard player and composer. She was a champion of 17th and 18th century music and the leading figure in the 20th century revival of the harpsichord. She first played the harpsichord in public in 1903 and subsequently made concert tours in Europe. In 1909 she published her book Musique ancienne, and in 1913 she began a harpsichord class at the Hochschule fur Musik in Berlin. After World War One, she returned to Paris, where she lectured at the Sorbonne and gave classes at the Ecole Normale. In 1925 she settled at Saint-Leu-la-Foret (north of Paris) where she founded an Ecole de Musique Ancienne which attracted students from all over the world to private and public courses; the summer concerts held in its concert hall (built 1927) were to become celebrated. There, in 1933, she gave the first integral performance of Bach's Goldberg Variations. Liz Karger (née Rosenberg) was a student of Landowska in 1929-1930 who made notes of Landowska's lessons.
Written by the grandson of the author of the commentary.
Kartell Conventus is the generic name for German Jewish student fraternities which were established in the 1880s as a result of increasing anti-Semitism. After the Nazi seizure of power in Germany in 1933 and the annexation of Austria in 1938 these fraternities were banned. However after the war many former members joined re-formed student fraternities in their adopted countries. These new organisations produced newsletters and held regular meetings.
Kasintoe Rubber Estates Limited was registered in 1913 to reconstitute a firm of the same name (registered in 1910) and acquire estates in Preanger residency, Java. In 1954 it went into voluntary liquidation. Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112) acted as secretaries and agents for the company from 1913.
Born in Leipzig, Germany, 1911; University of Leipzig, MD 1934; emigrated to London, 1935; Biophysical research, University College London (UCL), 1935-1939; Carnegie Residential Fellow, Sydney Hospital, Sydney, 1939-1942; served in Second World War in the Pacific with RAAF, 1942-1945; Assistant Director of Research, Biophysics Research Unit, UCL, and Henry Head Research Fellow (Royal Society), 1946-1950; Reader in Physiology, UCL, 1950-1951; Professor and Head of Biophysics Department, UCL, 1952-1978; Vice-President, Royal Society, 1965; Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine, 1970; Emeritus Honorary Research Fellow, 1978; died, 2003.
Unknown
Walter Finkler was born in 1902 in Vienna where he studied at both a music academy and at a medical institute. Although he terminated his medical training early he had already written a number of scientific papers on a variety of subjects ranging from a study of monkey glands to the sexual behaviour of flies.
He arrived in England at the end of March, 1939, where he spent approximately the first year in the Kitchener Camp for refugees. Later he was interned on the Isle of Man. He was actively involved in the Kitchener Camp orchestra. In 1946 he trained as a food scientist in Manchester where the family lived until 1954 after which the family moved south. Walter died in 1960.
Hansi Finkler was born in 1906 and married Walter in 1927. She arrived in England in early March 1939 where she had several jobs as maid or cook in various parts of the country. Evelyn, born in 1930, had come to England in 1938 where she stayed at the 'Haven' hostel in Camden Town, a home for Jewish refugee children from Europe sponsored by the Lyons family. She was reunited with her mother in the early 1940s and they lived in a bedsit in West London where they did piece work to make ends meet.
Kamarang - Ekereku - Wenamu expedition, British Guiana Geological Survey Department, 1951; Government Geologist of the Leeward and British Virgin Islands; Government Geologist of the Winward Islands; Federal Geologist, West Indian Federation; Director of the Geological Survey, British Guiana, 1961-1966.
During the 1970s she had been a member of the International Marxist Group and active in the NUT in Westminster and London wide and nationally and the Socialist Teachers Alliance. At that time she was squatting in Stepney and, inter alia, involved in anti-racist campaigns in Tower Hamlets. She stood as a Socialist Unity candidate in a local council by-election in Spitalfields in 1977. In 1978 together with Dave Lawrence, a teacher at the Robert Montefiore school, she stood in Tower Hamlets for the GLC. By the 1980s Hilda had moved to Hackney and joined the Labour Party. She was a member of West Down ward in Hackney South constituency. She was asked to stand for the council and was elected to the New River Ward in North Hackney (comparing the Woodberry Down estate and also a mainly orthodox Jewish area in surrounding streets) together with David Clark and former Labour MP Maureen Colquhoun. At that time, the Labour Party was moving to the left and in London had been encouraged in this direction by the election of the GLC with the new leader of Ken Livingstone in 1981. There was a mood generally around campaigning against unemployment and for campaigns within the Labour party to encourage democracy, including making elected representatives such as MPs and councillors accountable. In 1982 the new council in Hackney was led by Anthony Kendall who was in favour of decentralisation of services – an idea drawn from community politics and also based on such a venture in Walsall. However this strategy was not implemented: inter alia there were difficulties with the unions and tenants associations.
In 1983 the council was involved in a dispute with NALGO Social workers since the leadership of the council opposed implementing a national agreement on pay. Accordingly within the Labour Party there was a move to stand a candidate against Anthony Kendall for leader. Significantly the leader, deputy, and chairs of committees were not voted for simply by the Labour group but the 2 General Committees or the LP and the Local Government Committee since the Party generally in Hackney was trying to implement democracy. The left slate was eclectic including Patrick Kodikara, a black activist and former Hackney social worker and head of Social Services in Camden. Hilda was elected as leader but most of the 'left' slate were not. The deputy leader was Andrew Puddephat from the Anthony Kendall slate. The two of them, however, worked well together. During the council year 1984-1985 much of the focus was on opposition to Conservative government’s rate-capping. It was also the year of the miners’ strike and miners from South Wales were given facilities in the town hall. Nationally there were meetings of Labour leaders about how to oppose the Tories. There was much discussion around 'the three noes' no to rent rises, rate rises and cuts. The argument being that it wasn’t enough to oppose the capping as such but to get money from central government. Hackney council resolved not to set a budget until the government gave them money. This was overturned by the courts saying refusing to do this until money was given was unlawful. This was unprecedented. Until this court decision there was no set time for setting a rate. There were various council meetings and in May 1985 an alliance of a minority of the Labour group- including Charles Clarke future Home secretary – and Liberals and Tories set a rate with cuts in the budget. Hilda Kean and Andrew Puddephat, having consulted with the 2 GCs, resigned their posts. Mourad Fleming, a SDP member who stood unsuccessfully in a by-election to the council, took the council i.e. officers and councillors to court claiming wilful misconduct. Unlike the position in Liverpool and Lambeth he was not successful and eventually the case was dropped – it fell before it reached the high court mainly because Fleming had included council as well as councillors and because the rate was set only 2 months later than usual and therefore it was difficult to show that there had been a pecuniary loss. In 1985 Hilda stood unsuccessfully for the Labour seat in Hackney North held by the elderly socialist Ernie Roberts. Diane Abbott was promoted by Patrick Kodikara for various reasons. Diane Abbott was selected. In the election of 1986 Hilda Kean did not stand for the council but Andrew Puddephat did and was elected leader. She remained active in the Labour Party until the mid 1990s.
John Keane studied at the universities of Adelaide, Toronto and Cambridge. He is currently Professor of Politics at the University of Westminster and at the Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), where his main research focus is the theory and history of democracy. In 1989 he founded the Centre for the Study of Democracy at the University of Westminster. In 1999 Professor Keane wrote an authorised biography of Václav Havel. He also currently researches fear and politics; nationality, citizenship and civil society; secularism; and the future of representative government.
Publications include:
Tom Paine: a political life (1995)
Reflections on Violence (London: Verso, 1996)
Václav Havel: A Political Tragedy in Six Acts (London: Bloomsbury, 1999)
Violence and Democracy (Cambridge University Press, 2004)
Global Civil Society? (Cambridge University Press, 2003)
Life and Death of Democracy (London: Simon and Schuster, 2009)
Source: Professor Keane's homepage and his webpages at the University of Westminster Department of Politics and International Relations and the Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB)
An abstract of title shows how title (proof of ownership) to the land passed to the current owner; such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months.
Robert Keate was born in Laverton, Somerset, in 1777. He was apprenticed to his uncle, Thomas Keate (1745-1821), a surgeon. Robert Keate entered St George's Hospital, London, in 1793. He became hospital mate at Chelsea Hospital in 1794. He became a member of the Company of Surgeons in 1798, and was appointed Staff Surgeon to the Army. He retired from the army in 1810 with the rank of Inspector-General of Hospitals. He was on the surgical staff of St George's Hospital, London, from 1800-1853. He was finally removed by the Governors. He was a member of the Court of Assistants, from 1822-1857, and the Court of Examiners, from 1827-1855. He was President of the College in 1831 and 1839. He held royal appointments to George III, George IV, William IV, and in 1841 to Queen Victoria. He supported the institution of a "higher grade" of surgeon which eventually became the Fellowship. He died in 1857.
Thomas Stone was the son of a beadle, and was appointed to assist in the Library in 1832. After Robert Willis retired in 1845, Stone took over all of the work in the Library. Dr John Chatto was appointed Librarian in 1853, and Stone was transferred to the College office as a clerk where he worked until 1871. His son, William Domett Stone (1840-1921), became a Fellow of the College in 1865.
Thomas Keate was born in 1745. He studied as a pupil at St George's Hospital, London, and then became an assistant to John Gunning, surgeon to the Hospital. In 1792, the position of surgeon became available to succeed Charles Hawkins, which was sharply contested by Keate and Everard Home. Keate was elected as surgeon. In 1793 he succeeded John Hunter as surgeon-general to the Army, he was an examiner at the Royal College of Surgeons from 1800, and Master of the College in 1802, 1809, and 1818. As a surgeon he was the first to tie the subclavian artery for aneurysm. However, his reputation at St George's Hospital for not being punctual and being negligent in his duties, caused him to resign his post in 1813. Keate was surgeon to the Prince of Wales (later George IV), and also surgeon to the Chelsea Hospital, where he died in 1821. Keate published Cases of Hydrocele and Hernia (London, 1788), and several controversial papers such as Observations on the Fifth Report of the Commissioners of Medical Enquiry (London, 1808).
Keats entered the Navy in 1770 and was promoted to lieutenant in 1777. He was made a captain in 1789. After service in the SOUTHAMPTON and NIGER, he was appointed in 1794 to the GALATEA and during his service in her was put ashore by the mutineers of 1797. He was appointed to the SUPERB in 1801 under Sir James, later Lord, Saumarez (1757-1836). After the resumption of hostilities with France, he served in the Mediterranean under Nelson, and took part in the chase to the West Indies; the SUPERB, however, was refitting when Trafalgar was fought. Until 1807 Keats took part in the blockade of Brest, being promoted to rear-admiral also in that year. He was with Saumarez again during the blockade of the Baltic. In 1811 Keats became a vice-admiral and while again in the Mediterranean in 1812, was forced to resign his command through ill-health. He was appointed Governor and Commander-in-Chief, Newfoundland, in 1813, returning to England at the peace in 1815. In 1821 he was appointed Governor of Greenwich Hospital and given the rank of admiral in 1825.
Charles Ferdinand Keele studied medicine at St Thomas's Hospital, becoming a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and a Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries in 1860. Keele's career history included Surgeon to the Royal West India Mail SP Service, House Surgeon and Secretary to the Royal Portsmouth, Portsea and Gosport Hospital, Surgeon to the Jewish Society, and Surgeon to Magdalen Hospital. He is last entered in the Medical Directories in 1929.
Keeling was a member of staff of the Philosophy Department at University College London from 1927 to 1954.
Keen was a dealer in rare books and manuscripts.
Born 1869; educated at City of London School; trained as an accountant, qualifying in 1892; gained law degree, 1897; called to Bar, Middle temple, 1897; practiced as barrister at the Parliamentary Bar, [1897]-1954; one of the founders of the League of Nations Society, 1915; Member of Executive, League of Nations Society, 1915-1918; Member of Executive, League of Nations Union, 1918-1928; retired, 1954; died 1957. Publications: A better League of Nations (Allen and Unwin, London, 1934); A guide to the Liabilities War Time Adjustment Act (Stevens and Sons, London, 1941); A League of Nations with large powers (Allen and Unwin, London, 1918); Crossing the Rubicon, or the passage from the rule of force to the rule of law among nations (Cornish Bros., Birmingham, 1939); Hammering out details (Fifield, London, 1917); compiler of Local legislation, 1909-1911 (Walter Southwood and Co, London, 1912-14); Markets, fairs and slaughter-houses (King and Son, Westminster, 1904); Parliamentary companies (Gee and Co, London, 1906); Real security against war (Williams and Norgate, London, 1929); The abolition of war (David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies: London, 1956); The law relating to public service undertakings (King and Son, London, 1925); The permanent court of international justice (League of Nations Union, 1922); The world in alliance: a plan for preventing future wars (Southwood and Co, London, 1915); Towards international justice (Allen and Unwin, London, 1923); Tramway companies and local authorities (Merritt and Hatchers, London, 1902); Urban police and sanitary legislation (King and Son, Westminster, 1905); A guide to the Public Works Facilities Act, 1930 (Stevens and Sons, London, 1931); Bankruptcy (Gee and Co, London, 1891).
Born near Southend, Essex, 1890; educated at Southend High School, 1902-1908; read physics and mathematics at University College London, 1908-1911; remained at University College London for a year's postgraduate research, 1911-1912; joined the staff of the Rothamsted Experimental Station, Hertfordshire, to study the possibilities of applying physics to agriculture, with particular reference to soil, 1913; served in World War One in the Suffolk Regiment, Gallipoli and Palestine, 1914-1917; Research Department, Woolwich Arsenal, 1918; returned to Rothamsted to set up a soil physics laboratory, 1919; re-entered University College London, 1920-1921; became Assistant Director of Soil Physics Department at Rothamsted, 1924; later Head of Soil Physics Department; Editor of the Journal of Agricultural Science, 1924-1965; broadcast talks to schools on science of agriculture and gardening, 1928-1941; remained at Rothamsted until 1947; frequent secondments overseas included the Directorship of the Imperial Institute of Agricultural Research, Pusa, Bihar, India, 1929-1931; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1935; President of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1938-1939; Vice-President, Institute of Physics, 1941-1943; Cantor Lecturer, Royal Society of Arts, 1942; Scientific Adviser, Middle East Supply Centre, Cairo, 1943-1945; adviser on rural development, Palestine, 1946; Chairman of UK Government Mission to West Africa on production of vegetable oils and oil seeds, 1946; adviser to East African governments on agricultural policy and research needs, 1947; Director of the East African Agriculture and Forestry Research Organisation, 1947-1954; member of the Scientific Council for Africa, 1950-1954; Chairman of Governors, East African Tea Research Institute, 1951-1954; knighted, 1952; Scientific Adviser, Baird and Tatlock (London) Ltd, 1955-1963; member of Scientific Panel, Colonial Development Corporation, 1955-1963; member of Forest Products Research Board, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1957-1959; travelled extensively in the USA, South Africa, India, East and West Africa, the Middle East, Bulgaria and Australia, to examine and report on the scientific, technical, and administrative problems in agriculture; Doctor of Science; Fellow of University College London; died, 1981. See also Sir Charles Pereira's memoir in Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, vol xxviii (1982). Publications: The Physical Properties of the Soil (Longmans & Co, London, 1931); The Agricultural Development of the Middle East ... A report ... May, 1945 (HM Stationery Office, London, 1946); various papers in scientific and agricultural journals.
US brain surgeon, born 1837 in Philadelphia; educated at Brown University, graduated 1859, and Jefferson Medical College, 1862; served in American Civil War as a surgeon; additional education in Paris and Berlin; founded Philadelphia School of Medicine; developed new techniques of brain surgery; died 1932. Publications include: Keen's System of Surgery (1905-1913), Animal Experimentation and Medical Progress (1914).
Mary Frances Lucas was born in 1885, the daughter of G J Lucas. She was educated at Eversley, Folkestone and the London (Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine for Women, graduating MB, BS 1911 and DSc 1938. She was appointed Lecturer in Embryology and Senior Demonstrator in Anatomy at the School in 1914; and became Reader and Head of Department in 1919. She was Professor of Anatomy from 1924-1951; Vice-Dean 1926-1929; Acting Dean 1939-1943; and President from 1957 until her death. She was appointed Emeritus Professor of the University of London, 1951; President of the Medical Women's Federation, 1946-1948 and President of the Anatomical Society, 1949-1951. She married Richard Keene, in 1916 and adopted the surname Lucas Keene in 1917. She died in 1977.
Publications: Practical Anatomy, (1932) Anatomy for Dental Students, (1934);
Ivy Keess was a woman medical missionary practising in India. She gained her first degree in medicine at Grant Medical College, Bombay, in 1909, and then went to the London Medical School for Women, qualifying MRCS, LRCP, in 1916. She subsequently returned to India and served at the Lady Sandeman Zenana Hospital, Quetta, Baluchistan (now in Pakistan), and at the Dufferin Hospitals in Cawnpore and Allahabad. She seems to have spent most if not all of her career in the north of India. According to the Ecclesiastical Returns in the India Office Records, an Ivy Keess said to be born on 27th November 1885 was baptised in St Thomas's Cathedral, Bombay. As her initial medical education took place at Grant Medical College in that city, it seems likely that it is the same person. Her name disappears from the Medical Directory and the Medical Register in 1953, but no obituary notices have been traced.
Sara Keith was born in August 1923 and did her first degree at the University of Colorado. She subsequently studied at the universities of Denver and Edinburgh. Sara Keith began her career as a librarian but changed career to become an academic in North America. She studied at the University of London on a Fulbright scholarship in 1953-4 and gained her doctorate from Royal Holloway College, University of London in 1962. Sara Keith, who was an authority on Mudie's Library, died in Canada in November 1991.
Sir Arthur Keith (1866-1955) Kt. 1921; F.R.S. 1913; M.R.C.S. 1894; F.R.C.S. 1894; L.R.C.P. 1894; M.B. Aberdeen 1888; M.D. 1894; F.R.C.S. Ed. 1930; F.R.S.N.Z. 1939; L.L.D. Aberdeen 1911, Birmingham 1924; D.Sc. Durham 1921, Manchester 1923, Oxford 1930. Arthur Keith was born at Old Machar, Aberdeenshire, fourth son and sixth of ten children of John Keith, a farmer, and Jessie Macpherson his wife. He was educated at Gordon's College and Aberdeen University (Marishal College), where he graduated with first class honours in 1888. It was at Aberdeen that Keith came under the influence of James Trail, the botanist and Sir John Struther, the anatomist. After postgraduate study at Leipzig, he spent three years in Siam as physician to a rubber company with a commission to collect botanical specimens for Kew, and he also made extensive study of the muscles of cqatarrhine monkeys. The botanical collection was later used by H N Ridley in his comprehensive work on Flora of the Malay Peninsula. Keith's thesis based on his monkey research earned him the M.D. at Aberdeen, with the Struthers anatomy medal in 1894. He took Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons of England the same year while working under G D Thane at University College, London, and in 1895 was appointed to teach anatomy at the London Hospital Medical College, where he worked with marked success until 1908. He was an extremely popular and efficient teacher and in 1898 published a seminal textbook Human Embryologand Morphologyy, which went through six editions. Keith also began extensive research in teratology, particularly on the anatomy and malformations of the heart. In the course of this work he was the first to describe, with his pupil Martin Flack, the sino-atrial node or pacemaker of the human Heart (Lancet 1906, 2, 359; Journal of Anatomy 190 ,41, 172).
He was appointed Conservator of the Hunterian Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1908, and began to revive the scientific side of the College's works by his brilliant lectures, popular scientific writings, and by attracting surgeons, anatomists and anthropologists to work with him for shorter or longer periods in the Museum and its laboratories. The Hunterian Museum, under Keith's direction became recognised as one of the finest records of the structure, history, anatomical and embryological basis of the human body and the surgical disabilities and disorders that can effect it. Keith started to concentrate on the problems of human evolution and the diversification of the modern races of mankind. There followed a number of palaeo-anthropological studies in which Keith claimed a higher antiquity for Homo sapiens than was usually accepted. In recent years some of the fossils on which Keith based his studies have been found to be more modern than he was able to assertion using the methods of dating at the time.
Keith was elected F.R.S. in 1913 in recognition of his anatomical researches, but the last forty years of his life were devoted to anthropology. The publication of the alleged discovery of the Piltdown skull in 1912 led Keith into serious controversy with those who claimed that the skull (as well as the jaw) displayed remarkable simian characteristics, and he was able to show that, if properly reconstructed, the skull was, in fact quite like that of Homo sapiens. Nevertheless, though he expressed doubts as to the interpretation of this 'fossil', which we now, know to have been a forgery, Keith thought that Piltdown man was akin to a very early ancestor of modern man.
He published The Antiquity of Man in 1915, with an enlarged edition in 1925 and a supplementary volume of New Discoveries in 1931. These works attempted to review all the fossil remains of man.
During the First World War Keith was occupied with problems of surgical anatomy related to war injuries, and published a number of lectures on the anatomical and physiological principles underlying the treatment of wounds to the muscles, bones and joints Some of these lectures given during 1917-18 appeared in his work of 1919 Memoirs of the Maimed (1919, reprinted 1952. He was President of the Royal Anthropological Institute in 1914-1917.
After the First World War the army medical authorities gave the College it's collection of war specimens (in 1946 a second collection was given). Other notable collections added during Keith's Conservatorship were the Onodi collection of nasal anatomy specimens bought for the College in 1921; Sir William MacEwen's specimens given in 1924 and the Strangeways collection of chronic arthritis specimens. Keith also oversaw new collections medico-legal, historical, Odontological specimens and instrument collections.
During the 1920s he became a one-man 'Court of Appeal' for physical anthropologists from all over the world, while his journalism made his name familiar amongst the general public. He was in the tradition of T H Huxley in his efforts to popularise science. Keith was knighted in 1921. He was President of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1927, his Presidential address was entitled Darwin's Theory of Man's Descent as It Stands Today. Keith was also active in the Royal Institution as Fullerian Professor (1918-1923), Honorary Secretary, and a Manager. His children's lectures there formed a popular book on Engines of the Human Body (1919, second edition 1925).
Berkeley Moynihan later Viscount Moynihan (1865-1936) became President of the College in 1926 and was very supportive of Keith's endeavours. With the financial aid of Sir Buckston Browne (1850-1945) Moynihan founded in 1932, at Keith's instigation, the Buckston Browne Research Farm at Downe in Kent. Keith and Browne had already persuaded the British Association to form the Darwin Museum in Darwin's home, Down House. Keith retired as Conservator in 1933 and moved to Downe to become the first master of the Buckston Browne Research Farm.
In 1930 Keith became Rector of Aberdeen University and in his Rectorial address he developed the thesis that nationalism is a potent factor in the evolutionary differentiation of human races, this idea was expanded in to A New Theory of Human Evolution which was published in 1948.
Keith married in 1899 Celia Caroline Gray; Keith and his wife formed a small collection of water-colours by leading artists, which he bequeathed amongst his friends. There were no children, and Lady Keith died at Downe in 1934.
During Keith's years at Downe 1933-1955, besides supervising young surgeons engaged in research at the farm Keith continued to be active, writing many semi-popular articles mostly on evolution and Darwinism. He wrote his Autobiography in 1950. He died suddenly at Downe in 1955.
Ralph Ambrose Kekwick was born on 11 November 1908 at Woodford Wells in Essex. He was educated at the Leyton County High School for Boys and University College London, from where he graduated with First Class Honours B.Sc. in Chemistry in 1928. He remained at University College to undertake research, initially in physical chemistry under F.G. Donnan, then moving to study physical biochemistry under J.C. Drummond during which time he worked in close association with R.K. Cannan. In 1930 he was awarded a Bayliss-Sterling Memorial Scholarship and was also appointed Demonstrator in Biochemistry at University College. In 1931-1933 Kekwick held a Commonwealth Fund Fellowship. This enabled him to spend two years in the United States, studying with R.K. Cannan (who had by then moved to the New York University College of Medicine) and then researching problems of permeability at Princeton University and the Marine Biological Laboratories at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Kekwick returned to the UK in 1933 to take up a post as Lecturer at University College London where he remained to 1937.
In 1935 Kekwick travelled to Sweden as a Rockefeller Foundation Fellow to work under T. Svedberg at the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Uppsala. This proved to be a key moment in Kekwick's career as he was introduced to the ultracentrifuge and electrophoresis apparatus, both developed at Uppsala. The ultracentrifuge, designed by Svedberg and colleagues, was used for the study of protein molecules in blood plasma. It separated out protein molecules to leave a pure protein preparation, for example plasma albumin and globulins while the rate of sedimentation could be measured to give a sedimentation co-efficient (a characteristic property of the protein). This allowed the molecular weight to be calculated and the proteins identified. The electrophoresis apparatus, designed by Tiselius, worked through the measurement of the negative electrical charge of proteins. As the size of the charge varies according to the protein's chemical structure, when an electrical charge was passed through a solution, proteins with a greater positive charge migrated towards the positive pole more rapidly. As with the ultracentrifuge this allowed the separation of different proteins in blood plasma and the diagnosis and monitoring of conditions in which the ratios of the blood plasma proteins were abnormal. These techniques contributed to general understanding of the part the proteins played in biological activity, the importance of fibrinogen in blood clotting, the role of gamma globulin in combatting infection and the role of albumin in maintaining the correct volume of blood. It also allowed for the diagnosis of medical conditions in which ratios of proteins in blood plasma were abnormal. Following this visit, in 1937 Kekwick was awarded a research grant from the Medical Research Council for electrophoretic and ultracentrifuge investigations on pathological and immune sera at the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine. He was taken on the Scientific Staff of the Lister Institute in 1940.
During the Second World War Kekwick remained at the Lister Institute undertaking experimental and production work for the Medical Research Council's Blood Transfusion Research Committee. With A.S. McFarlane he devised a process to clarify outdated blood plasma so as to render it suitable for transfusion. He was appointed Head of the Lister's Biophysics Division in 1943 and he and his team worked on methods of freeze-drying plasma and then of separating out proteins in blood plasma. At the end of the war the MRC established a Blood Products Laboratory at the Lister Institute's station at Elstree, Hertfordshire. Kekwick worked closely with this Laboratory and was an adviser but continued his own research at the Lister Institute in Chelsea. He continued working on blood plasma analysis with ultracentrifuge and electrophoretic techniques and practical improvements in blood transfusion processes. In the 1950s he developed a method of fractionating out a fibrinogen fraction rich in Factor VIII, the anti-haemophilic globulin. This lead to the first clinical use of this Factor in 1957 and the establishment of a national laboratory dedicated to plasma fractionation. Kekwick's association with University College London continued. In 1954 he was appointed Reader in Chemical Biophysics and appointed to a personal Chair in Biophysics in 1966 (Emeritus and Fellow 1971). In addition to his pioneering work in blood plasma research, Kekwick contributed to developments in this area through his service on a number of Medical Research Council committees concerned with blood transfusion, haemophilia and hypogammaglobulinaemia. He served on the Committee of the British Biophysical Society 1967-1970. Kekwick was elected to the Fellowship of the Royal Society in 1966.
Kellas Limited was registered in 1906 to acquire the Kellas estates in Perak, Malaya. In 1910 two subsidiary companies were formed: Kinta Kellas Rubber Estates Limited (CLC/B/112-096) and Klian Kellas Tin and Rubber Company Limited, which took over the the estates. In 1913 the company was acquired by Mount Yagahong Exploration and Finance Company Limited.
Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112) did not act as secretaries / agents of this company, but it held 400,000 shares in Kinta Kellas Rubber Estates Limited and 200,000 shares in Klian Kellas Tin and Rubber Company Limited.
Many of these photographs were taken for use in publications, such as handbooks and guides.
E Myra Kellaway attended Avery Hill College, a London County Council teacher training college for women in Eltham, from 1935 to 1937. Her father owned a photographic business in Sidcup, Kent.
Born 1910; educated Hayes Court and Girton College, Cambridge University; Souschargé, Department of Pre-History, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, 1934-1939; Mixed Youth Club Leader, Young Women's Christian Association, 1939-1942; Welfare Officer, Admiralty, Bath, 1942-47; served in the prison service, 1947-1974; Governor, HM Prison, Holloway, 1959-1966; Assistant Director of Prisons (Women), 1967-1974; Member of Council, St George's House, Windsor, 1971-1977; OBE 1973; Member, Redundant Churches Committee, 1974-1979; Member, Scott Holland Trust, 1978-1986; Sponsor, YWCA of Great Britain, 1979-present. Publications: When the Gates Shut (Longmans, London, 1967; Who Casts the First Stone? (Epworth, London, 1978).
[Jonas] Henrik Kellgren (1837-1916) was a practitioner of Swedish medical gymnastics and helped to disseminate the technique beyond Sweden. He was born in Alingsas, southern Sweden, matriculated in 1855 and became an officer in the Swedish Army in 1858. In 1863-1865 he trained at the Kungliga Gymnastika Centralinstitut in Stockholm (founded 1813 by Per Henrik Ling, the pioneer of medical gymnastics), gaining the institute's diploma, and took up the post of teacher of pedagogical gymnastics at Lidköping. Following the death of his wife and son, however, he left Sweden and settled in Germany, setting up the Schwedisches Heilgymnastisches Institut in Gotha. In the early 1870s his health broke down and he retired from full-time work, taking up residence in London. Here he founded the Swedish Institution for the Cure of Diseases by Manual Treatment. An expanding practice was reflected in the foundation of further institutes in the German resorts of Norderney (1877) and Baden-Baden (1883), and in Paris (1884); in summer he took patients to Sanna, near Jönköping in Sweden, leading to the foundation of a sanatorium there. He became the director of the Kungliga Gymnastika Centralinstitut in Stockholm. His son-in-law, Edgar Ferdinand Cyriax, who took up residence in London, was also an important figure in the spread of Kellgren's techniques of Swedish remedial gymnastics and massage to the United Kingdom.
Daniel Tonge (1788-1848), the son of Captain Daniel Tonge, RN (d 1800) was a master mariner and shipowner in Liverpool. In 1820 he established himself as a merchant and agent for the sale of ships. By 1846 he had been joined by his son Percival (fl 1840-1870) to form Daniel Tonge and Son. Two years later, Henry Curry (d 1865) was taken into the partnership which was renamed Tonge, Curry and Co. Henry Curry had begun business in Liverpool in the early 1840s and by 1843 was operating as a commission merchant under the name of Henry Curry and Co. In 1846 he became a broker for Lloyds. By 1850 Charles Walford Kellock (d 1897), the son of Henry Gray Kellock (fl 1820-1850), a lieutenant in the Navy, who had established himself in Liverpool in the early 1840s as an agent for Lloyds, joined the company. In this year the three partners in the company were Charles W Kellock, Henry Curry and Percival Tonge. In 1855, the partnership was dissolved. Percival Tonge continued on his own under the name of Tonge and Co, and this company remained in business until 1877. Charles W. Kellock remained with Henry Curry to form Curry and Co and two years later the name was changed to Curry, Kellock and Co. In October 1864 this partnership was dissolved and two companies emerged, H.F. Curry and Co and C.W. Kellock and Co. H.F. Curry and Co closed in 1866, the year after Henry Curry's death. C.W. Kellock greatly expanded his business and in 1867 opened an office in London under the management of his brother W.B. Kellock (fl 1867-85). Auction sales were conducted at the Royal Exchange in the Lloyd's Captains Room. In 1885 the management of the London office was taken over by George Kay, a partner of C.W. Kellock. In the mid-1880s, Kellock's two eldest sons, William Walter Kellock (d 1929) and Henry Gray Kellock (d 1926) joined the company and later became partners. In 1894 Nelson Cameron (d 1905) of the firm of Taylor Cameron and Co joined the firm. On his death in 1905 Henry Gray Kellock, who had retired from the company in 1893 to join the firm of Pim, Forwood & Kellock in New York, returned. Charles W. Kellock retired from the company and died in 1897. His two sons remained as partners until their deaths. The management of the company was then taken over by various senior partners within the firm. The Liverpool office was closed in 1972 and the London office is still active. By the middle of the nineteenth century this company had become one of the leading ship brokers of Liverpool. By the end of the century, probably every major vessel trading regularly in and out of Liverpool and London had appeared on the Company books at one time or another. An unprecedented sale occurred in December 1854 when a fleet of 78 vessels was sold at public auction at the Cotton Sale Room, Liverpool. The sale lasted three days and realized a total of over half a million pounds. During the Crimean War the company acted as brokers and appraisers to the Admiralty and sold a number of Russian prizes. During the First World War, numerous German steamships were auctioned by Kellock for the Admiralty. In addition to ship brokerage, during the nineteenth century Kellock's owned and operated their own fleet of sailing vessels and steamships.
Born at Glasgow, 1857; Kelly later prefixed his mother's surname, Fitzmaurice, to his own; educated at St Charles's College, Kensington, and learnt some Spanish from a fellow pupil; later taught himself to read Don Quixote; in Spain in 1885, where he acted as tutor to Don Ventura Misa in Jerez de la Frontera and formed friendships with Juan Valera, Gaspar Núñez de Arce, and other leading men of letters; returned to London, 1886; began to make a name for himself as an authority on Spain and as a reviewer for the Spectator, Athenæum, and Pall Mall Gazette; influenced by the critic William Ernest Henley; made his mark on Spanish studies with his life of Cervantes, 1892; corresponding member of the Spanish Academy, 1895; with his History of Spanish literature (1898) came to occupy a position of authority in the subject; delivered a Taylorian lecture at Oxford on Lope de Vega, 1902; member of council and medallist of the Hispanic Society of America, 1904; created knight of the order of Alfonso XII, 1905; elected fellow of the British Academy, 1906; supported himself by writing until chosen by the University of Liverpool as its first Gilmour professor of Spanish language and literature, 1909-1916; member of the Academy of History, Madrid, 1912; member of the Academy of Buenas Letras, Barcelona, 1914; Cervantes Professor of Spanish language and literature, King's College London, 1916-1920; retired from teaching, but continued his literary work, 1920; member of the Academy of Sciences, Lisbon, 1922; died at his house at Sydenham, 1923. Publications: Life of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1892); History of Spanish Literature (1898, new editions 1913, 1926); with John Ormsby, edited Don Quixote (1898-1899); edited Complete Works of Cervantes (only Galatea, Exemplary Novels, and Don Quixote were published, 1901-1903); Cervantes in England (1905); Chapters on Spanish Literature (1908); 39 articles on Spanish literature and authors in the Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th edition, 1910); Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1913); The Oxford Book of Spanish Verse (1913); Cervantes and Shakespeare (1916); Cambridge Readings in Spanish Literature (1920); summarized Cervantine studies for the Year Book of Modern Languages (1920); selection of his letters published in the Revue Hispanique, lxxiv (1928). All his principal works were translated into Spanish.
David McDowall Hannay, journalist and author, was born in London, 1853; educated at St Peter's College, Westminster; British Vice Consul at Barcelona; journalist, Pall Mall Gazette, Saturday Review, and St James's Gazette; died, 1934. Publications include: Admiral Blake (1886); Rodney (1891); Don Emilio Castelar (1896); Short History of Royal Navy (2 volumes, 1898, 1909); Ships and Men (1910); The Great Chartered Companies (1926).
Kelly trained as a nurse at King's College Hospital [1947-1950].
John (known as 'Joe') Kelly, brother of Sir (William) Howard Kelly (q.v.), entered the Navy in 1884, became a lieutenant in 1893, commander in 1904 and captain in 1911, serving on the Australian, Cape and China Stations. In 1914 he was captain of the light cruiser DUBLIN in the Mediterranean and attempted to locate and attack the GOEBEN. The DUBLIN later went to the Dardanelles and was for a short time in the Adriatic. Subsequently Kelly commanded the DEVONSHIRE and WEYMOUTH on the South American Station and the PRINCESS ROYAL in the Grand Fleet. After the war he became Director of the Operations Division in the Admiralty and was made rear-admiral in 1921. As such he commanded a force in the Dardanelles and the Sea of Marmora before going back to the Admiralty as Fourth Sea Lord. Two years as second-in-command, Mediterranean, followed this appointment and then a similar period as Admiral Commanding Reserves. After this Kelly expected to retire but in 1932 he was called upon to take over the command of the Atlantic Fleet (which was renamed the Home Fleet during this time) after the mutiny at Invergordon. His final command was as Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth, from 1934 to 1936.
See the subfonds for biographical histories.