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Margaret Bondfield was born in Chard, Somerset, the 14th child of William and Anne Bondfield. Her father worked in the textile industry and was known for his radical political views. She was educated at the local school but by 1887 she was working as an apprentice in a draper's shop in Brighton where she met Louisa Martindale, a champion of women's rights. In 1894 Bondfield moved to London, there she again worked in a shop, joined the National Union of Shop Assistants, Warehousemen and Clerks, of which she was Assistant Secretary for ten years from 1898, and began contributing articles to The Shop Assistant. In 1898 she published a report, commissioned by the Women's Industrial Council, on the pay and conditions of shop workers. This established her as an authority and she gave evidence to Select Committees in 1902 and 1907. In 1908 Bondfield became Secretary of the Women's Labour League and was also active in the Women's Co-operative Guild. In 1910 she served on the Advisory Committee on Health Insurance and was instrumental in getting maternity benefits included. In 1910 and in 1913 she stood as an Independent Labour Party candidate for the London County Council in Woolwich. As Chairperson of the Adult Suffrage Society she supported universal suffrage for women.

Bondfield was opposed to the 1914-1918 war and supported a negotiated peace. Her first post-war assignment was as a member of the joint delegation of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) and the Labour Party to the Soviet Union in 1920 with which she travelled widely in Russia. The delegation's report covered all aspects of social and political life and, whilst critical of the system, remained opposed to Western intervention there and had an important impact on shaping attitudes to Russia.

In 1923 she was elected Member of Parliament for Northampton and became Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Labour, in the following year she lost her seat in the general election, but was again elected in 1926 for Wallsend. In 1929 she was appointed Minister of Labour becoming the first woman Cabinet Minister but in the 1931 crisis she supported Ramsey MacDonald's National Government and lost her seat in the general election. Bondfield retired from full-time trades union work in 1938 but chaired the Women's Group on Public Welfare between 1939 and 1945. Margaret Bondfield died in London in 1953.

The National Union of Printing, Bookbinding and Paper Workers was the product of a complex series of amalgamations. The Vellum Binders Society was founded in 1823, and the Bookbinders Consolidated Union and the London Consolidated Lodge of Journeymen Bookbinders were founded in 1840, these merged to form the National Union of Bookbinders and Machine Rulers in 1911. The National Amalgamated Society of Printers' Warehousemen and Cutters was formed in 1900, and the National Union of Printing and Paper Workers in 1914. These merged with the National Union of Bookbinders to form the National Union of Printing, Bookbinding, Machine Ruling and Paper Workers in 1921. This became the National Union of Printing, Bookbinding and Paper Workers in 1928 and the Society of Graphical and Allied Trades (SOGAT) in 1972. SOGAT merged with the National Graphical Association to form the Graphical, Paper and Media Union (GPMU) in 1991.

In 1925 the Coal Owners Association announced that they intended to reduce the miner's wages. The General Council of the Trade Union Congress (TUC) responded to this news by promising to support the miners in their dispute with their employers. The Conservative Government, decided to intervene, and supplied the necessary money to restore miners' wages to their previous level. The Prime Minister, Stanley Baldwin, stated that this subsidy to the miners' wages would only last nine months. In the meantime, the government set up a Royal Commission under the chairmanship of Sir Herbert Samuel, to look into the problems of the Mining Industry. The Samuel Commission published its report in March 1926. It recognised that the industry needed to be reorganised but rejected the suggestion of nationalisation. The report also recommended that the Government subsidy should be withdrawn and the miners' wages should be reduced.

The final offer to the miners offered a national settlement based on an increase of hours to 8 per day, and a wage cut of 13%. The Government declared a state of emergency on 1 May. When the TUC General Council met on 1 May the coal miners were already locked out of the pits. The TUC proposed a National Strike from midnight on 3 May, the only major union which voted against the proposal was the National Union of Seamen. The TUC continued to negotiate with the government. To their surprise Baldwin informed them that the negotiations were over and that there must be a withdrawal of the strike threat. The TUC expressed 'surprise and regret' at the Prime Minister's action and the strike went ahead.

The TUC proposed to call out workers in a systematic manner, starting with workers in transport, the docks and railways, heavy industries, building trades, power stations and printers. The response to the strike call was remarkable, about 1.5 million workers joined the million coal miners on strike. The TUC set up various sub-committees to direct the strike, there was considerable anxiety to retain central direction of the strike. In some places it was necessary to restrain groups of workers, who had not been called out. Throughout the country trades councils acted as focal points for co-ordination and leadership. The TUC published its own Strike Bulletin The British Worker, and there were also many local publications.

There were discussions between the TUC and Sir Herbert Samuel, who stressed that he was acting in a personal, unofficial capacity, from 7-10 May. Samuel offered the guarantee of re-organisation, and the TUC Negotiating Committee accepted this as a basis for further negotiations. On the evening of 10 May the miners' leaders rejected Samuel's proposals, and the following day the TUC General Council effectively gave the miners an ultimatum - accept the Samuel memorandum or carry on alone. The miners' Executive replied that they could not accept the memorandum. On 12 May the TUC told the Prime Minister that the strike was over. Ernest Bevin, General Secretary of the Transport and General Workers Union tried to press Baldwin for a 'just settlement', but got little satisfaction.

In some industries men were only taken back on a selective basis, this led to the temporary resumption of strike action by railwaymen. In the mining areas there was a definite sense of betrayal. The miners strike/lockout continued for several months, and there was a great deal of suffering. By October, while the will to continue still remained, the feeling of a battle lost provided the need for a return to work. The final decision was left to local ballots, and district leaders arranged the return to work with local employers. To the very end, the vote of the Durham miners was against the settlement. By late November, such miners as were required were back at work.

The H G Wells Society was founded in 1960, to promote widespread interest in the life, work and thought of Herbert George Wells, to encourage active implementation of his ideas, and generally to stimulate a Wellsian outlook on the many old and new problems facing humanity. The society produces an annual Journal The Wellsian, and a quarterly Bulletin.The Collection also contains papers relating to an earlier H G Wells Society, founded in 1934, for the discussion, study, research and propaganda of the sciences of social biology and the effective application of their principles. The society grew out of the Federation of Progressive Societies and Individuals, founded in 1930. In November 1934 the name was changed to the Open Conspiracy, and in November 1935 to Cosmopolis. By 1936 there were nearly 500 members, a central office and a paid full-time secretary.

The International Federation of Workers' Education Associations (IFWEA) officially started in October 1947 when its first official conference was held in London and its constitution was adopted. It developed from an initiative of Ernest Green, General Secretary of the UK WEA who had organised a conference for representatives of workers educational associations worldwide. It was at this conference that the decision was taken to develop a formal international body to promote cooperation. The functions of IFWEA were to coordinate experience in adult education and to stimulate the expansion of voluntary workers' education in other countries. It now holds triennial conferences, international seminars and participates in research and special projects.

The TUC Library was established in 1922 and was based on the integrated collections of the TUC Parliamentary Committee, the Labour Party Information Bureau, and the Womens Trade Union League. It was run as a joint library with the Labour Party until the TUC moved to Congress House in 1956. The collection was developed for the use of the TUC and affiliated unions, but its specialisation has led to its parallel development as a major research library in the social sciences. In September 1996, the Collections moved to their new home in the London Metropolitan University. The Library includes several archives. The majority of these were held in the TUC Museum Collection and transferred to the University in 1998.

The Union was founded in 1906 as the Eastern Counties Agricultural Labourers and Smallholders Union. Its objects were to enable the agricultural labourer to secure 'proper representation on all local bodies...protection from political persecution and better conditions of living', and by 1910 it had 4000 members. In 1912 the name was changed to the National Agricultural Labourers' and Rural Workers' Union. It had 180,000 members by 1920 and the name was changed yet again, to the National Union of Agricultural Workers. It became the National Union of Agricultural and Allied Workers (NUAAW) in 1968 in recognition of its interest in industries ancillary to agriculture. In 1981 the NUAAW amalgamated with the Transport and General Workers Union.

Ernest Green (1885-1977) was Secretary of the Yorkshire District of the Workers' Education Association (WEA) from 1923 to 1928 when he moved to London to take up the post of national Assistant General Secretary. In 1931 he became the Organising Secretary with responsibility for dealing with WEA districts, branches, affiliated societies and the Workers' Education Trade Union Committee (WETUC). He was appointed General Secretary in 1934 and retired in 1950.

William Butler was a member of the Workers' Education Association (WEA) from 1916 and an associate member of the Ethical Movement, London branch. He collected the material in this collection between 1915 and 1920.

Jane Lidderdale (1909-1996) was born in Hampstead in Jul 1909, the granddaughter of the painter C S Lidderdale. She was educated at the Society for Home Students (later St Anne's College), Oxford, where she studied PPE. After briefly working at the Royal Institute of British Architects, she moved to the Ministry of Shipping in 1940 where she became the secretary to a number of cabinet committees during the Second World War and its aftermath. She was appointed secretary to the Fuel Committee during the crisis of the winter 1946-7 and went on to work closely with Herbert Morrison during the organisation of the Festival of Britain which took place in 1951, for which she was awarded the OBE the following year. She was then appointed secretary and head researcher for the Nathan Report on Trust Law in 1952 before leaving the Civil Service the following year. After her withdrawal from the service, Lidderdale opened Ray House with Rachel Alexander to provide care for older women. She went on to help found the Kensington Day Centre in 1963 and remained its chair until 1988. She also became involved with the Byham Shaw School of Painting and Drawing in this period and was elected to its council of management in 1961, becoming its Chair nine years later. In 1962 she became one of the guardians of James Joyce's daughter Lucia. Her connection with the Modernists was emphasised in the 1960's when Lidderdale was invited by to write a memoir of Harriet Shaw Weaver, her own godmother and the patron of Joyce, Eliot and Pound. This was published in 1970. She died in Sep 1996.

The Royal Architectural Museum (RAM) was established in 1851, under the name of the Architectural Museum, by a group of architectural professionals led by George Gilbert Scott (1811-1878). Its founding members included such notable figures as Sir Charles Barry (1795-1860) and George Godwin (1813-1888), with Thomas Philip de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey (1781-1859) as President and Alexander J. B. Beresford-Hope (1820-1870) as a trustee. The museum was formed for the purpose of improving the education of architectural art-workers and was considered by its founders as constituting the nucleus of a national museum of architecture. Its collections were made up primarily of plaster casts of European gothic architectural ornament, together with original examples of decorative ironwork, tiles, woodcarving, sculptural stonework, stained glass and architectural models, plans and drawings. The museum's first home was in Canon Row, Westminster, London where, from 1852 until 1854, it incorporated a School for Art-workmen.

Under the patronage of Prince Albert (1819-1861) and with the backing of John Ruskin (1819-1900), the museum expanded rapidly and in 1857 moved to the new South Kensington Museum (now Victoria and Albert Museum), where it retained its independent status and name. Following disputes with the South Kensington Museum authorities, the Architectural Museum purchased the lease on numbers 18-20, Bowling Street, Westminster, London (re-named Tufton Street in 1870), where it erected a museum building designed by members Ewan Christian (1814-1895) and Joseph Clarke ([c. 1819]-1888). On the museum's re-opening in July 1869, patronage was renewed by Queen Victoria (1819-1901) and permission granted for the title 'Royal' to be appended to the museum name. The collections continued to grow rapidly and at the publication of a catalogue in 1876 holdings totalled in excess of 6000 items. On Scott's death in 1878, leadership of the Museum passed to the architect, John P. Seddon (1827-1906), who worked to establish closer links with contemporary firms of art workers. In 1870 a School of Architectural Art was opened within the Museum, administered jointly by the RAM, the Architectural Association (AA) and the Royal Institute of British Architects. By 1873 the RAM was the sole administrator of the school and by 1875 had managed to obtain Government funding - the name of the school being changed to the Westminster School of Art (WSA) by 1888. The RAM and WSA were subsequently jointly registered as an incorporated company on 27 December 1893. In 1904 the RAM was wound up and its premises and collections passed to the AA, who continued to operate the Museum's administrative, legal and curatorial functions under the RAM name. The AA's architecture school co-existed within the Museum buildings until 1915 when it was decided that conditions were too cramped. The premises were then sold to the National Lending Library for the Blind and the collections dispersed, primarily to the Victoria and Albert Museum, where a portion remain on display in the cast courts.

The Athenaeum was founded in 1824 at the instigation of John Wilson Croker, Secretary of the Admiralty, as "a Club for literary and scientific men and followers of the fine arts..." "...In order to keep our Club what it is intended to be, ... we must lay down, clearly and positively, as our first rule, that no one shall be eligible into it, except Gentlemen who have either published some literary or professional work, or a paper in the Philosophical transactions... Bishops [and] Judges, who are, par état, literary men, altho' they may not have published any literary work [will be included]." [John Wilson Croker letters to Sir Humphry Davy, 1823] The first secretary was Michael Faraday and the first Chairman Sir Humphry Davy. John Wilson Croker continued to be influential in the development of the Club.

The first Committee meeting took place on 16 February 1824 in the rooms of the Royal Society. The next nine meetings were held in the home of Joseph Jekyll at 22 New Street, Spring Gardens. In May 1824 the Club moved into rented premises at 12 Waterloo Place. On the recommendation of John Nash, it commissioned the 24 year old Decimus Burton to design a clubhouse, originally intended for a site nearer the present Trafalgar Square. By 1827, the designs and plans for a house in the Grecian style were approved and the tender of the builders accepted. The house was built on a portion of the courtyard of the demolished Carlton House on lease from the Crown and opened in 1830. It was one of the earliest buildings to be lit by gas and, in 1886, the clubhouse became one of the first buildings to be lit by electricity. The premises were extended by the addition of a top storey designed by T E Collcut in 1899 and completed in 1901. This was remodelled to provide accommodation for Members in 1928. The magnificent premises have been carefully maintained and some of the mahogany furniture designed for the Club by Decimus Burton is still in use today.

Number 6 Carlton Gardens, which had been built by John Nash, was leased from the Crown Estate Commissioners in 1936 to provide Members with somewhere to take lady guests. It was known as the Ladies' Annexe. By the 1950s its use was declining. The lease expired in 1961 and the Crown Estate Commissioners refused to renew it. The building was demolished soon after. A new Ladies' Annexe was created in the basement of the Athenaeum with a separate entrance from the street and opened in 1962. From 1972 lady guests had access to the same areas of the Club as male guests. Ladies were invited to become Members of the Club from 2001.

At the first meeting of the Club held on 16 February 1824, the membership limit was set at four hundred. This was steadily increased and by December 1824 was set at one thousand. The cost of the magnificent premises had resulted in a deficit of some £20,000 and two hundred Supernumerary Members were elected in 1830 to restore the finances. By 1838 the Club was again in straitened circumstances after undertaking expensive remedial action because of the damage caused by the gas lighting. To alleviate the situation, one hundred and sixty Supernumerary Members were admitted to ordinary membership. An additional forty candidates were brought forward from the waiting list for election by Committee. These "forty thieves", as they became known, were selected from "Individuals known for their Scientific or Literary attainments, Artists of eminence in any class of the fine Arts, and Noblemen and Gentlemen distinguished as liberal Patrons of Science, Literature, or the Arts." They included Charles Dickens and Charles Darwin. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, the time candidates waited to come up for election was increasing until some candidates had been waiting as long as thirty years. By the time of the First World War, the numbers waiting had significantly reduced. The present complement is two thousand members.

Over the nearly two hundred years since its foundation the Athenaeum has maintained its standard of high attainment and distinction in the membership. More than fifty members have been awarded the Nobel Prize, including at least one in each category. Amongst the professions well represented in the Club are: academia of all disciplines; art; the church; the civil service; engineering; law; medicine; music; science; and literature; with a small number of professionals from business and politics. The wide interests of the Club's membership are reflected in the Athenaeum Library, the finest club library in London. From the outset Members were encouraged to donate works to the Library and many of the Library's 70,000 volumes are donations. The Archive is substantially intact from the foundation of the Club in 1824. The Library and Archive are managed by the Library Committee.

The Club is governed by the Trustees and a General Committee of Members. The day to day running is managed by an Executive Committee which was established in 1889. There are also standing sub-committees for: Audit; the Library; Investment; Music; Talk Dinners; Wine; and Works of Art.

The Independent Force was established by the Royal Air Force on 6 June 1918 to conduct a strategic bombing campaign against Germany, concentrating on strategic industries, communications and the morale of the civilian population. The Independent Force was formed out of the Royal Flying Corp's Forty-First Wing which commenced operations in October 1917. This initiative was partly in response to German airship and aeroplane raids on England but it also built upon earlier, small scale attempts at strategic bombing by the Royal Naval Air Service and the Royal Flying Corps. As its name implied, it operated independently from the land battle and struck at targets in central Germany including Cologne, Stuttgart, Frankfurt, Bonn, and Mannheim. It was also intended to operate independently of the control of the Allied Supreme Commander, Marshal Foch, although this was later changed.

The Independent Force was commanded, reluctantly at first, by Major-General Hugh Trenchard who was gradually converted to the idea of strategic bombing by the operations of the Independent Force. The squadrons were based on airfields in the Nancy region, well to the south of the British sector of the Front Line. Although the effort appears miniscule compared to later bombing campaigns, four day and five night bomber squadrons dropped just 550 tons of bombs during 239 raids between 6 June and 10 November 1918, the effect on the German war effort was remarkable. The main targets were railways, blast furnaces, chemical factories that produced poison gas, other factories, and barracks to which had to be added airfields in an effort to reduce attrition from enemy fighter aircraft.

The effect on morale was out of all proportion to the size of the bomber force or the material damage caused and the air raids resulted in the movement of German air defence units away from the Front Line. Trenchard ordered statistics and records to be kept to demonstrate the work of the Independent Force and the role of strategic bombing in modern war.

The Independent Force was established by the Royal Air Force on 6 June 1918 to conduct a strategic bombing campaign against Germany, concentrating on strategic industries, communications and the morale of the civilian population. The Independent Force was formed out of the Royal Flying Corp’s Forty-First Wing which commenced operations in October 1917. This initiative was partly in response to German airship and aeroplane raids on England but it also built upon earlier, small scale attempts at strategic bombing by the Royal Naval Air Service and the Royal Flying Corps. As its name implied, it operated independently from the land battle and struck at targets in central Germany including Cologne, Stuttgart, Frankfurt, Bonn, and Mannheim. It was also intended to operate independently of the control of the Allied Supreme Commander, Marshal Foch, although this was later changed.

The Independent Force was commanded, reluctantly at first, by Major-General Hugh Trenchard who was gradually converted to the idea of strategic bombing by the operations of the Independent Force. The squadrons were based on airfields in the Nancy region, well to the south of the British sector of the Front Line. Although the effort appears miniscule compared to later bombing campaigns, four day and five night bomber squadrons dropped just 550 tons of bombs during 239 raids between 6 June and 10 November 1918, the effect on the German war effort was remarkable. The main targets were railways, blast furnaces, chemical factories that produced poison gas, other factories, and barracks to which had to be added airfields in an effort to reduce attrition from enemy fighter aircraft.

The effect on morale was out of all proportion to the size of the bomber force or the material damage caused and the air raids resulted in the movement of German air defence units away from the Front Line. Trenchard ordered statistics and records to be kept to demonstrate the work of the Independent Force and the role of strategic bombing in modern war.

The Medical Planning Sub-Committee was set up in July 1941 by the Council of the Royal Medico-Psychological Association a predecessor body of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. The Sub-Committee was responsible for liaising with other medical bodies like the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM), the British Medical Association`s Group of Practitioners of Psychological Medicine and the Royal College of Physicians on the admininstration, and the future of psychiatric services.

The British Geriatrics Society and the Royal College of Psychiatrists Joint Liason Committee was set up in 1976. The Committee was established to facilitate discussion on matters of common interest concerning old age psychiatry.

The British Paediatric Association and the Royal College of Psychiatrists Liaison Committee was established in 1986 to enable collaboration between the two bodies to discuss and debate joint issues, to facilitate closer integration of paediatrics and psychiatry, and to provide a source of advice and guidance on training for the two bodies.

The Standing Joint Committee of the Royal College of Psychiatrists and British Psychological Society was set up in 1975, but held its first meeting on 7 January 1977.

The The Royal College of Psychiatrists and the College of Occupational Therapists was established in 1988 to promote professional links and understanding between the two disciplines and to encourage joint research.

Born 1903; educated Central School Sheffield (Birley Scholar); Sheffield University (Linley Scholar); Gonville and Caius College Cambridge (Wollaston Scholar); PhD Sheffield; PhD Cambridge; 1851 Exhibition Student, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, 1926-1930; High-Voltage Laboratory, Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Company, Manchester, 1930-1946; Member, British Mission on Atomic Energy, Berkeley, California and Oakridge, Tennessee, 1944-45; Director, Laboratory, Associated Electrical Industries (AEI), Aldermaston, 1946-1963; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1948; Scientific Adviser, AEI, 1963; Chief Scientist, Central Electricity Generating Board, 1963-1970; External Professor of Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, 1967-1979; Visiting Professor of Physics, City University, since 1971; Robert Kitchin (Saddlers) Research Professor, since 1983, and first Frank Poynton Professor, Physics Department, since 1984, City University.

Publications: The Release and Use of Nuclear Energy (1961); Rutherford: Father of Nuclear Energy (Rutherford Lecture 1972, published 1973); The Royal Society and its Dining Clubs (1975); Lightning: the long spark (1977); Cockcroft and the Atom (1983); Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co. and the Cavendish Laboratory (1984); The Making of Physicists (1987); Philately and the Royal Society (1990); papers on high voltage and transient electrical phenomena, fission and fusion.

The Colleges of Advanced Technology (CATs) were established in1956 following the publication of a Government White Paper on Technical Education which listed 24 technical colleges in receipt of 75% grant for parts of their advanced work. Government confirmed that the proportion of advanced work at these colleges should be increased so that they could develop as quickly as possible into Colleges of Advanced Technology. Eventually ten of the 24 were confirmed as CATs including Battersea, Chelsea and Northampton Polytechnics in London and, in 1962, Brunel College of Technology. From the start the newly designated CATs felt the need to establish a basis for joint action and although the Principals were all members of the Association of Principals of Technical Institutions, they decided that they needed to meet as a discrete group. The first meeting took place in June 1957 and a formal announcement of the establishment of the Committee came in June 1959. The Committee met 54 times until it dissolved in 1965 prior to the Colleges becoming Universities when the Principals joined the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals. Throughout its existence the Committee was chaired by Dr P F R (later Sir Peter) Venables (1904-1979), Principal of Birmingham College of Technology, the first CAT, and the Hon. Secretary was Dr (later Sir) James Tait (1912-98), Principal of Northampton Polytechnic, later City University.

The early educational work of the Northampton Institute reflected the trades found in the Clerkenwell district of London. Thus the six departments of the 1890s were Mechanical Engineering and Metal Trades (including the building and furniture trades), renamed Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering in 1918; Artistic Crafts (for industrial applications), which closed in 1916 and was transferred to the London County Council Central School for Arts and Crafts; Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering; Horology, which developed into a National College of Horology and Instrument Technology in 1947; Electro-Chemistry (renamed Technical Chemistry in 1900, and later Applied Chemistry); Domestic Economy and Women's Trades. The Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering department, under the direction of the Principal, was the largest department and included telegraphy and optics, and introduced pioneering sandwich courses in engineering in 1904-1905. In 1903-1904 Technical Optics emerged as a department in its own right, renamed the Department of Applied Optics in 1926, Ophthalmic Optics in 1946, and Optometry and Visual Science in 1977. In 1909 the Institute started classes in Aeronautics, with Frederick Handley Page arriving as lecturer in the following year, though Aeronautical Engineering remained with the Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering until 1958, when it became a separate Department of Aeronautics. In 1925 Electrical Engineering became a department in its own right. Physics and Mathematics became separate departments in 1937 and 1931 respectively. A Computer Unit emerged as a separate department from Mathematics in 1976. A Department of Production Technology and Control Engineering was introduced in 1959 (renamed Automation Engineering in 1968 and Systems Science in 1973), following redesignation of the Institute as a College of Advanced Technology.

Upon conversion to The City University, Civil and Mechanical Engineering became separate departments in 1966. A Department of Management Studies commenced in 1966, developing into the City University Business School in 1976. A Centre for Information Science was started in 1970. A Department of Social Science and Humanities was developed and a City University Business School evolved in 1975 from the Department of Management Studies. A Centre for Arts and Related Studies was inaugurated at the same time to cater for courses in Arts Administration, Music, Journalism and Adult Education.

The original site of the Northampton Institute comprised one and a half acres donated by the 4th Marquess of Northampton and his son. The area faced St John Street, Ashby Street and Lower Charles Street, London, on the site of the former Clerkenwell Manor House, subsequently used as a school and lunatic asylum. The Institute's first building was designed by the architect Edward W Mountford (1855-1908), later the architect of the Old Bailey. The foundations were laid in 1894, with gradual use of the facilities as completed until the official opening of the building in 1898 by the Lord Mayor of London. Extensions were provided in the courtyard of the building for Metallurgy in 1898 and Mechanical Engineering in 1901. The Governing Body authorised the building of a five storied block in the residue of the courtyard in 1908, completed and opened by the Earl of Halsbury in the following year. However growth of the Institute placed greater pressures on existing accommodation, and loans from the New River Company and Skinners' Company provided the means to provide a site for an annex by the purchase of houses on the west side of St John Street in 1908. The intervention of war and economic depression prevented the exploitation of this site until an extension fund was started in 1927. Work began in 1930, and the Connaught Building was opened in 1932 by Prince George, Duke of Kent. It occupied around half the annex site and provided accommodation for chemistry, clockmaking, furriery, a lens workshop, automobile laboratories and general classrooms. Work started on extensions and additional floors to the Connaught Building from 1938 but was curtailed by the coming of war.
The next major phase of development was carried out during from 1949, when it was proposed a further site in St John Street be acquired, the Great Hall be rebuilt, and the Gymnasium block was also to be rebuilt to provide five stories for engineering workshops, classrooms, a staffroom and new library. The site in St John Street was replaced by another in Spencer Street and work started in 1950. The new library was opened in 1955, as was the new Great Hall. The new hall block provided new laboratories in the basement. The new development was officially opened by Sir David Eccles, the Minister of Education, in 1956. In 1959 work started on adding two extra floors were added to the Connaught Building to provide extra laboratories for chemistry and additional classrooms. These were opened by Lord Fleck in 1961.
At the same time a larger development was planned on a site on the north east corner of the Connaught site. The first phase was to comprise the Electrical Building, High Voltage Laboratory and refectory block, followed by a new library, Student's Union, lecture theatres and a new hall. These were completed and handed over during the period 1969-1970, and opened by the Chancellor, Col Sir Ian Bowater, in Nov 1970.
The next development (subsequently named the Tait Building), was to comprise a new Civil and Mechanical Engineering Building and lecture theatre). Construction began in 1971 and it was opened by Dr O A Kerensky in 1974.
Northampton Hall, the first hall of residence, opened in 1964, followed by the Finsbury hall of residence on the Goswell Road site, which opened in 1972. The Saddlers' Sports Centre was opened in 1974, and another hall of residence, Heyworth Hall, was in use by 1977. The City Parochial Foundation provided the funding for the purchase of six acres of land in Oakthorpe Lane, Palmers Green, North London, in 1906, to use as playing fields for the Institute.

Under the 1883 London Parochial Charities Act, the Trustees of the London Parochial Charities were required to administer the numerous charitable funds existing in the many City of London parishes for ecclesiastical purposes and to `promote the welfare of the poor of the Metropolis by way of education, free libraries, open spaces or otherwise'. They therefore allocated capital to the formation of the City Polytechnic, of which under the Charity Commissioners' City Polytechnic Central Scheme of 1891, the Northampton Institute was one of the three constituent educational institutions. Under the original constitution of the Northampton Institute, three of the Trustees of the London Parochial Charities (or City Parochial Foundation) would be members of the Governing Body. By 1962, one Trustee still sat on the College's Governing Body, although donations from the CPF were small in relation to the College's other sources of income. Between 1891 and 1935 the CPF had donated nearly £2,000,000 to the institutions which had comprised the original Central Scheme. CPF funding from 1891-1931 covered some examination fees, and from 1902 covered endowment insurance for staff, and a compassionate scheme in 1903. The CPF was instrumental in purchasing recreation grounds for the Institute at Palmer's Green. The City University still receives monies from the CPF as the corporate successor to the Northampton Institute. In 1893 the London County Council (LCC) had set up a Technical Education Board, and a member of the Board sat on the Governing Body of the Northampton Institute. Thereafter LCC control and regulation was to strenghthen, reflecting the increasing proportion of LCC's financial contributions in relation to other sources of the Northampton's income. The 1903 Education (London) Act made the LCC the Education Authority for London, and while the power the LCC wielded over the Northampton had been discreet, from 1909 the LCC was its using its award of block maintenance grants to enforce its recommendations on the future of the Artistic Crafts Department on an unwilling Institute. By 1924, the Institute was complying with all the LCC's requirements, and LCC was regulating many of the Institute's operations, from setting student's fees, to the number of hours work required by staff to qualify for superannuation. The annual reports of the LCC Inspectors were an important influence on regulation, covering most matters from quality of courses to the standards of accommodation and hygiene.

Prior to 1957, the library (known as the Skinners' Library due to the original charitable contribution of the Skinners' Company to the Northampton Institute) had received little in the way of adequate funding or accommodation. It had opened in 1896 with 1700 volumes and the totat had only increased to some 4500 by 1956. Redesignation of the Institute as a College of Advanced Technology (CAT) required large investment in provision. In 1955 a further substantial donation from the Skinners' Company allowed the opening of a new Skinners' Library, though growth in holdings continued to be slow in comparison to other CATs. A new library was planned in the mid 1960s; the lack of funding and book stocks were highlighted in a survey of 1969 which placed the library at the bottom of a league table of university libraries. Major new grants were given from Senate and from the Skinners' to double the book stock within five years, and the move into the new library premises was made in 1970. The Cranwood Annexe branch library rejoined the main university library in 1976. A further floor was added and opened in 1979. In 1967 microform, non-book media collections, and the University Archives Collection were started. Special collections were acquired, including the Fincham collection on optics, the Auerbach collection on art and the London Society Library.

Philip de la Hay le Marquand was a City and Guilds evening class student at the Northampton Polytechnic Institute, 1923-1924.

A D Roscoe was an undergraduate student at the Northampton Polytechnic, London, 1945-1951.

Sir Thomas Smythe (?1558-1625) was a merchant and governor of the East India Company, a Sheriff of London in 1599 and a member of the Haberdashers' Company and the Skinners' Company. He amassed a large fortune part of which he devoted to charitable purposes.

Born in 1907; worked for shipbuilders Harland and Wolff Limited, Belfast and Liverpool, 1923-1934, and for Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), 1934-1939; Midshipman, Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, 1926; Sub Lt, 1929; Lt, 1930; Lt Cdr, 1938; served with anti-submarine groups in North Sea and Norway, 1939-1940; Commanding Officer, HMS GLOXINIA, North Atlantic and Mediterranean, 1940-1942; on staff of Flag Officer, Liverpool, HMS EAGLET, 1942-1943; Executive Officer, HMS DELHI, Mediterranean, 1943-1945; commanded HMS DELHI, 1945; resettlement and redeployment duties on staff of Cdr in Chief, Mediterranean Fleet, 1945-1946; returned to work at Imperial Chemical Industries, 1945; moved to Canada, 1950, and worked as a civil servant; entered Royal Canadian Naval Reserve, 1956; died in 1995.

Born 1869; commissioned into the Royal Artillery, 1889; Lt, 1892; served Tirah Expedition, North West Frontier, India, 1897-1898; Capt, 1899; served in Second Boer War, South Africa, 1899-1902; awarded DSO, 1902; service with Somaliland Field Force, 1903-1904; served in Northern Nigeria, 1904; Maj, 1909; retired 1914; re-employed by Army, 1914; served in World War One, 1914-1918; Lt Col, 1915; Brevet Col, 1917; awarded CMG, 1917; temporary Maj Gen, 1917; awarded CB, 1918; General Officer Commanding, North Russia Expeditionary Force, 1918-1919; created KBE, 1919; Hon Maj Gen, 1920; retired 1920; died 1936.

Born in 1870; served in South Africa, 1899-1902; served with 3 Mounted Infantry Corps, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, 1900; Resident Magistrate, Heidelberg, 1900-1901; Resident Magistrate, Volksrust, 1901; Resident Magistrate, Krugersdorp, then Deputy Commissioner of Police, Pretoria, 1901-1902; stationed in UK with 2 Bn, 1 Royal Wilts Yeomanry, 1914-1917; joined 1 Bn, 1 Royal Wilts Yeomanry on Western Front, 1917; transferred to 2 Bn, Royal Welch Fusiliers; killed in action in Sep 1917.

Born in 1930; educated at Wimbledon College and Merton College, Oxford; served in RAF, 1952-1954; Assistant Principal, Air Ministry, 1954; Private Secretary to Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Air, 1956-1958; Principal, Air Ministry, 1958; Private Secretary to Chief of Air Staff, 1962-1965; Assistant Secretary, Ministry of Defence, 1968; Defence Counsellor, UK Delegation to NATO, 1970-1973; Under-Secretary, Cabinet Office, 1974-1977; Deputy Under-Secretary of State, Ministry of Defence, 1977-1981; Deputy Secretary, HM Treasury, 1981-1982; Permanent Secretary, Department of Employment, 1983-1988; Permanent Under-Secretary of State, Ministry of Defence, 1988-1992.

Born 1903; educated at Radley and Christ Church, Oxford; commissioned into 1 King's Dragoon Guards from Territorial Army, 1925; Lt, 1927; Capt, 1932; service with 1 King's Dragoon Guards, Egypt and Secunderabad, India, 1932-1936; Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1937-1938; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Bde Maj, Support Group, 1 Armoured Div, France, 1939-1940; captured by German forces, St Valery, France, 1940; POW, 1940-1945; Commanding Officer, Royal Gloucestershire Hussars, Austria, 1945; awarded MBE, 1945; Lt Col, 1945; awarded MC, 1945; Commanding Officer, 1 King's Dragoon Guards, Palestine and Benghazi, Libya, 1946-1948; Assistant Adjutant General, War Office, 1948-1949; Col, 1949; Col (General Staff), Royal Armoured Corps Directorate, War Office, 1949-1951; commanded 23 (Independent) Armoured Bde, Territorial Army, Western Command, 1951-1953; Brig, 1953; Director, Fighting Vehicle Examination, Ministry of Supply, 1953-1954; Commandant, Royal Armoured Corps Centre, Bovington, Dorset, 1954; retired 1957; died 1987.

Born in 1910; 2nd Lt, Royal Tank Corps, 1930; Lt, 1933; Capt, Royal Tank Regt, 1938; served with 79 Armoured Div, 1943-1944, and 21 Army Group, 1944-1945; Maj, 1946; served in Middle East, 1946-1948; died in 1985.

Born in Melbourne, Australia, 1894; educated at Charterhouse school; volunteered with Westminster Dragoons, 1914; served with Egyptian Expeditionary Force; commissioned into Royal Artillery, 1916; promoted to battery commander; married Norma Flowerdew Lowson, 1920; served in India, 1920-1938, leading expeditions to Kashmir, Sikkim and Western Tibet; commander, 53 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, 1939; commanded all anti-aircraft forces during invasion of Normandy; promoted to Major General, 1945; General Officer Commanding Troops in Malta and North Africa, 1948-1949; retired 1949; died 1956.

Born 1911; educated at Charterhouse and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into the East Yorkshire Regt, 1932; service in India, 1932-1939; Lt, 1935; Instructor, Small Arms School, 1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Capt, 1940; Staff College, 1941; Staff appointments, 1941-1944; Home Forces, 1944; service with 2 Bn, East Yorkshire Regt, North West Europe, 1944-1945; seconded to RAF in Iraq and served with Iraq Levies, 1947; transferred to RAF Regt, 1948; Wg Cdr, 1949; Chief Instructor, RAF Regt Depot, 1951-1953; awarded OBE, 1953; commanded RAF Levies, Iraq, until their disbandment, 1953-1955; Master of the Royal Exodus Hunt, Iraq [1953-1955]; Gp Capt, 1954; Commanding Officer, RAF Regt Depot, Catterick, North Yorkshire, 1955-1959; awarded CBE, 1956; Senior Officers Course, Civil Defence Staff College, Sunningdale, Ascot, Berkshire, 1958; Senior Ground Defence Staff Officer, Technical Training Command, Huntingdon, 1959-1962; Air Cdre, 1963; Director, Directorate of Ground Defence, Department of the Chief of the Air Staff, 1962-1966; retired 1966; General Secretary, National Rifle Association, 1968-1980; died 1984.

Born in 1900; commissioned into Royal West Kent Regt, 1919; Lt, 1921; Adjutant, 1935-1927; Capt, 1930; Staff Capt, 1932-1934; General Staff Officer for Weapons Training, Eastern Command, 1934-1936; served in Palestine, [1936-1939]; Maj, 1938; Deputy Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, 1938-1939; Brig, 1947; ADC to King George VI, 1949; retired, 1955; died in 1979.

Born 1916, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne; Staff Training College, Camberley, 1939; Royal Artillery, 1940-1945; General Staff Officer, Military Government of the Greater Berlin Area, Germany, 1945-1946; Staff Captain, Department of the Adjutant General of the Forces, War Office, 1947-1948; Captain, Royal Artillery, 1949; Major 1952; Colonel, 1964; Military Attaché, Warsaw, Poland, 1965; retired 1970; died 2006.

Born 1905; educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge University; Polar explorer, 1931-1937; British Arctic Air Route Expedition, 1931-1932; Arctic expedition, led by Gino Watkins, Greenland, 1933; British Graham Land Expedition, led by John Rymill, Antarctica, 1934-1937; joined Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, 1938; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; temporary Lt, Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, 1939; served on intelligence missions in Finland and Norway, 1939-1940; Instructor, Independent Companies (forerunners of the Commandos), UK, 1940-1941; Instructor, Winter Warfare School, Iceland, 1941-1942; service with Combined Operations Command, 1943; participated in Operation AVALANCHE, the Allied landings at Salerno, Italy, Sep 1943; Commanding Officer, 30 RN Commando, 1943, and 30 Assault Unit, 1943-1944; temporary acting Lt Cdr, Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, [1944]; served in Intelligence Division, Headquarters, Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia (SACSEA), Ceylon, 1944; Staff Officer, G2 (Intelligence) Division, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), France, Germany and the Channel Islands, 1944-1945; service in Germany, 1945-1947; retired 1947; served on Essex County Council and Braintree Rural District Council; killed in road accident, 1980. Publications: With Richard Taylor, Discovery of the poles (Penguin, London, 1957).

Born, London, 1918; educated Cambridge University; 2 Lieutenant, emergency commission, Royal Regiment of Artillery, 1943; temporary Captain, 1945; Principal Scientific Officer, Army Medical Statistics Branch, War Office, 1951-1963; doctorate, University of London, [1961].

Worked as a journalist for The Chicago Evening Post, 1927; editor of The Chicago Daily News [1928-1948]; worked for The Chicago Tribune, 1948; Second Assistant editor, The American Peoples Encyclopedia, 1953.Publications: The lives and legends of Buffalo Bill (University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, USA, 1960).

Born in 1896; served in World War One, 1914-1918; 2nd Lt 1914; service with The Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regt) [1915-1917]; Lt 1916; joined Indian Army, 1917; awarded MC, 1918; Capt, 1919; Maj, 1933; service with 6 Royal Bn (Scinde), 13 Frontier Force Rifles, Indian Army, Kohat, Razmak and Ahmednager, North West Frontier, India, 1935-1939; qualified as Higher Standard Interpreter in Pashto, 1936; Lt Col, 1938; Commanding Officer, 6 Royal Bn (Scinde), 13 Frontier Force Rifles, Indian Army, 1938-1940; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; acting Col, 1940; Col, 1941; served as General Staff Officer 1, 5 Indian Div in operations clearing Italian forces from Eritrea, Ethiopia and Abyssinia,1941; present at Battle of Amba Alagi, Ethiopia, and negotiated surrender of the Italian Gen Amadeo, Duke of Aosta, Commander-in-Chief, Italian forces in East Africa, May 1941; awarded OBE, 1941; Brig, 1942; commanded 5 Indian Infantry Bde, 8 Army, Western Desert, 1942; awarded DSO, 1942; present at Second Battle of El Alamein, Oct 1942; commanded 8 Indian Div in Italy, 1943-1945; awarded CBE, 1944; Maj Gen, 1945; awarded CB, 1945; acting Lt Gen, 1947; General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Delhi and East Punjab Command of Indian Army, 1947; Chief British Adviser to the Indian Army, 1948-1954; created KBE, 1950; Lt Gen, 1954; retired, 1954; died in 1978.

Born; 1922, studied history at King's College London, 1941-1944, Captain in the Home Guard during World War Two; died 1994.

Sandline International is a private military consultancy set up in the early 1990s providing conflict resolution and military support services to governments and organisations. Its staff include retired military personnel, legal and commercial experts who provide advice on armed forces restructuring, military training and threat analysis.

Chief Inspector, West Midlands Police Force; served as Deputy Chief of Operations, Western European Union (WEU) Police Contingent, Mostar, Bosnia, Feb-Aug 1996.

Born 1897; educated at Bolton School, Technological Institutions, King's College London and University College London; joined Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, The Duke of Albany's), 1914; served in World War One, 1914-1918; commissioned into the Corps of Royal Engineers, 1917; Instructor in Wireless, 1 Army, Western Front; awarded MC, Battle of the Lys, 1918; Head of value manufacturing, Ediswan and Radio Communication Company, 1919-1920; Head of the Patent Department, Radio Communication Company Limited, 1920; founded the Radio Press, 1922; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; service with RAF in France, 1939-1940; Staff Officer, Air Ministry, responsible for radar training in RAF, 1940-1941; Senior Technical Officer, No 73 Wing, responsible for radar stations in most of England and Wales, 1943-1945; demobilised from RAF, 1945; Admiralty Signal and Radar Establishment, 1951-1959; retired 1959; Fellow of the Institute of Radio Engineers; Fellow of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers; awarded OBE, 1975; died 1979. Publications: Thermionic tubes in radio telegraphy and telephony (Wireless Press, London, 1921); Wireless for all. A simple explanation (Daily Express, London, 1922); Elementary textbook on wireless vacuum tubes (Radio Press, London, 1922); Wireless valves simply explained (Radio Press, London, 1922); How to make your own broadcast receiver (Radio Press, London, 1923); More practical valve circuits (Radio Press, London, 1923); Simplified wireless (Radio Press, London, 1923); Practical wireless valve circuits (Radio Press, London, 1923); Radio valves and how to use them (Radio Press, London, 1924); The first commandment (Hutchinson, London, 1932); The manual of modern radio (Amalgamated Press, London, 1933); The book of practical radio (Amalgamated Press, London, 1934); Bibliography of Italian Maiolica [1967]; Italian maiolica (Hamlyn, London, 1972); Spanish pottery and porcelain [1973].

Born 1896; served World War One, 1914- 1918; commissioned into 3 Bn (Reserve), The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regt), 1915; served on Western Front with 10 (Service) Bn (Battersea), The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regt), 1916; wounded in action, France, 1916; Lt, 1917; temporary Capt, 1918; service during Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, as liaison officer to French and Russian forces, British Military Mission to North Russia (codename ELOPE), North Russian Expeditionary Force, 1918-1919; Bde Maj, Force C, North Russia Expeditionary Force, 1918; County Accountant, Cornwall County Council, 1926-1929; County Accountant, Buckinghamshire County Council, 1929-1938; Treasurer, Buckinghamshire Water Board, 1937-1961; County Treasurer, Buckinghamshire County Council, 1938-1961; served World War Two, 1939-1945; commanded Home Guard, Wendover, Buckinghamshire, 1940-1944; retired 1961; died 1981.

Born in 1889; educated at Westminster School, London; 2nd Lt, Bedfordshire Regt, 1909; Lt, 1911; Capt, Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regt, 1914; served in France and Belgium, 1914-1918; General Staff Officer Grade 3, France, 1917; Bde Maj, France, 1917-1918; Staff Capt, Irish Command, 1920-1921; Bde Maj, Irish Command, 1921-1922; General Staff Officer Grade 3, Eastern Command, 1922-1924; attended Staff College, Camberley, 1926; General Staff Officer Grade 3, later Grade 2, RAF Co-operation, Aldershot, 1928-1930; Deputy Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Western Command, 1930-1932; commanded 1 Bn, Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regt, 1933-1937; Assistant Quartermaster General, Northern Command, 1937-1939; served in World War Two; served in Kenya, 1940-1942; retired pay, 1945; died in 1968.

Born in 1890; 2nd Lt, Royal Engineers, 1910; Lt, 1912; Capt, 1916; served in France and Belgium, 1914-1918; Maj, 1926; Staff Capt, War Office, 1919-1922; Instructor, Royal Engineers Training Centre, 1927-1929; served in Burma, [1930-1932]; Commander, Royal Engineering, India, 1933-1934; Lt Col, 1934; Col, 1936; Assistant Director (Engineering), Department of Munitions Production, War Office and later Ministry of Supply, 1937-1941; Chief-Engineer, Malaya Command and Director-General of Civil Defence, Malaya, 1941-1942; held as POW by the Japanese, 1942-1945; died in 1971.

Served in Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps, 1941-1943; POW, Hong Kong, 1943-1945

Born 1912; educated at Dulwich College; joined RAF, 1933; served with No 4 Flying Training School, Abu Suweir, Egypt, 1933-1934, and No 30 Bomber Sqn, Mosul and Habbaniyah, Iraq, 1934-1937; Pilot Officer, 1934; Test Pilot, Aeroplane and Armaments Experimental Establishment, No 24 (Training) Group, Martlesham Heath, Suffolk, 1937-1939; Flight Lt, 1938; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Test Pilot, Aeroplane and Armaments Experimental Establishment, Boscombe Down, Wiltshire, 1939-1941; Wg Cdr, 1941; attached to No 604 Sqn, Middle Wallop, Hampshire, 1941-1942; formed first De Havilland Mosquito Night Fighter Sqn, Castle Camps, Cambridgeshire, 1942; Commanding Officer, No 157 Sqn, Fighter Command, 1942; Commanding Officer, Handling Sqn, Empire Central Flying School, Hullavington, Wiltshire, 1943; Gp Capt, commanding No 157 Sqn and No 85 Sqn, 1944; Commanding Officer, No 169 Sqn, 1944; Commanding Officer, RAF Station, Swannington, Norfolk, Bomber Command, 1944-1945; commanded 148 and 138 Wings, British Air Forces of Occupation, 1945-1946; Chief Test Pilot and Superintendent of Flying, Fairey Aviation Limited, 1946-1959; involved in the establishment of a new World Absolute Speed Record of 1132 miles per hour by a Fairey Delta II, piloted by (Lionel) Peter Twiss, 1956; awarded OBE, 1957; Director, Fairey Aviation Limited, 1959-1960; Director, Fairey Air Surveys Limited, 1959-1972; General Manager, Fairey Hydraulics Limited, 1961-1965; Managing Director, Fairey Hydraulics Limited, 1965-1975; Director, Fairey Filtration Limited, 1970-1972; Chairman, Fairey Hydraulics Limited, 1975-1981; Member, Council of Society of British Aerospace Companies, 1976-1978; Member of the Council of the Confederation of British Industry, 1976-1978; retired 1977; Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society; Liveryman, Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators; died 1981.

Born 1877; educated at King's College School and King's College Hospital, London; Lt, Indian Medical Service, 1900; service in Waziristan, North West Frontier, India, 1901-1902; Capt, 1903; Maj, 1911; Professor of Medicine, Allahabad University, India, 1913-1923; served in World War One, 1914-1918; temporary Lt Col, Indian Medical Service, 1917-1919; Consulting Physician, Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force, 1916-1918; Lt Col, 1919; awarded CIE, 1919; Col, 1929; Professor of Medicine and Principal, King George's Medical College, Lucknow University, India, 1926; Dean of the Medical Faculty, Lucknow University, 1926; Maj Gen, 1930; Surgeon General to Government of Madras, India, 1930-1935; Director General, Indian Medical Service, 1933-1937; Honorary Physician to the King, 1933-1937; President, Medical Council of India, 1934-1937; Knighted, 1936; retired 1937; died 1956. Publications: A guide to the use of tuberculin, with Archer William Ross Cochrane (J Bale, Sons and Danielsson, London, 1915); Moore's manual of family medicine and hygiene for India (Churchill, London, 1916); Consumption: treatment at home and rules for living. Adapted for India (Butterworth, Calcutta, India, 1917); Beri-beri in the Mesopotamian Force [1918].

Born in 1898; educated at Dudley Grammar School, London Hospital and Mayo Clinic, USA; served with Royal Garrison Artillery, 1916-1918; studied medicine at Birmingham University and the London Hospital; Resident Medical Officer, Birmingham Children's Hospital, then Resident Surgical Officer, Birmingham General Hospital; studied neurosurgery at the Mayo Clinic, USA, 1929; appointed to the consultant staff of Children's Hospital and General Hospital, Birmingham; surgical specialist, then Officer Commanding Surgical Division, Royal Army Medical Corps, West Africa, 1939-1942; Consultant in Surgery to the Army, Western Command, North Africa, Italy and Austria, 1942-1945; Professor of Surgery, University of Birmingham, 1946-1963; died in 1982.

Born 1897; educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham, Warwickshire; served in World War One, 1914-1918; commissioned into the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Princess Louise's), 1915; service on the Western Front, 1915-1918; service with 5 Bn and 7 Bn, The South Staffordshire Regt, Territorial Army, 1923-1950; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; served on attachment with 1 Bn, Northamptonshire Regt, 3 Corps, BEF (British Expeditionary Force), France, Apr-May 1940; service in UK, 1940-1943; Second in Command, 5 Bn, The South Staffordshire Regt, Prudhoe, County Durham, 1941; served in Northern Ireland, 1942; service in North West Europe, 1944-1945; Maj, France, 1945; Director of Globe Brick and Tile Company; Director, Burberry Brick Company; Director of a brass foundry in the Midlands; died 1975.