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The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.

There has been an Anglican presence in Marseilles since at least 1849 - the date at which the records commence. The present church at 4 Rue de Belloi was dedicated in 1902. Prior to this services were held at 100 Rue Sylva belle. There was a Sailors' Home at Marseilles from at least the mid 1870s until 1910 which was located at 104 Rue de la Republique.

The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.

The Anglican chaplaincy at Adelboden was opened to cater for the many tourists visiting this area. The English church has now closed and since 1983 has been used as a local museum.

The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.

The Russia Company was the patron of Anglican churches in Moscow, St Petersburg, Cronstadt and Archangel. The first chapel in Moscow was established in 1706 but was closed down when the British Factory left Moscow in 1717, initially for Archangel; its headquarters moved to St Petersburg in 1723.

In 1825 a chapel was opened in Princess Prozorowski's House at 259 Twerskoy, known as the British Chapel, Moscow, and a chaplain appointed. Land for a permanent church was purchased in 1828 and building was completed at the end of 1829/beginning of 1830.

A new church was consecrated in January 1885 when its official designation became the British Church of St Andrew, Moscow. The title deeds were drawn up in the name of the Russia Company who held the land, buildings and furniture in trust for the British residents. The chaplain was appointed by the Russia Company subject to the approval of a meeting of subscribers of annual contributions to the chaplaincy. The Russia Company also paid part of the chaplain's stipend.

The church was seized by the Bolsheviks in 1920, the chaplaincy terminated and the chaplain withdrawn. A new chaplaincy was established in Helsinki and the chaplain paid visits to Russia. Services in Moscow are held in the British Embassy.

The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.

The chaplaincy was established in 1910. It closed during the Spanish Civil War and then closed permanently in 1963. From 1921-3 services were held in the Seamen's Institute and between 1942-63 in private residences. At other times services were conducted in a "church room" in Cartagena.

The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.

Trieste was the main sea-port of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and had a large English speaking community who worshipped at Christ Church. It is now served by the chaplain of Saint George's Anglican Church, Venice.

The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.

The Church of the Holy Redeemer and All Saints, Viareggio was consecrated in 1913 and sold in 1977.

The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.

There has been an English community and resident chaplain in Ostend since the late eighteenth century. In 1829 a chapel was handed over to Dutch and British Protestants by the Dutch government as a place of worship. In 1865 a new church was consecrated.

The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.

The English Church, Bagni di Lucca and St George the Martyr, Pisa were both completed in 1843. In 1857 the two churches were united under one chaplain and services were held at Bagni di Lucca between May and October and in Pisa between October and May.

The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.

An Anglican church was constructed in Calais in the nineteenth century, however it was sold after the Second World War. The Anglican community now worships in venues loaned by other churches. A permanent chaplain was appointed in 1995.

The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.

Services were held on Madeira from around 1774, but on a very ad hoc basis when a ship's chaplain was available! From 1807 a British garrison was based on the island and regular services were held. These proved popular and the British Factory (a trade centre exporting Madeira wine) constructed a permanent chapel, completed by 1822.

The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.

Messina on the island of Sicily, in Italy, was an important trading post and Anglicanism spread there with British merchants.

The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.

The group of English merchants known as the British Factory appears to have come into existence in Lisbon in 1654 when the first chaplain was appointed. A temporary chapel was opened in 1815 and a permanent church in 1822 devoted to Saint George the Martyr. The church has been rebuilt several times since that date.

The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.

Saint Mark's Church possibly originates in services held for English prisoners of war taken during the Battle of Waterloo, 1814. The church certainly existed by 1911 because in that year it is recorded as having burned down. Many of the records were destroyed at this date. The church was rebuilt on the same site but subsequently moved to larger premises.

The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.

Saint Olaf's church was constructed in 1897 as a memorial to an English woman tourist who married a local man and settled in the area, but wanted somewhere Anglican to worship. It is staffed in the summer months.

The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.

An English-speaking community first grew at Chantilly, France, from the 1830s and 1840s. The site of the church was purchased from the Duc d'Aumale by the Commonwealth and Continental Church Society, and the foundation stone was laid in 1865.

The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.

The Anglican community in Antwerp acquired the use of the Chapelle des Tanneurs by a Royal Decree of 1821. The Chapelle served as the Anglican church until the consecration of St Boniface in 1910.

The National Conference of Industrial Assurance Approved Societies was formed in 1913, by the industrial assurance companies and collecting societies who had formed non-profitmaking "approved societies" to administer the 1911 National Insurance Act. The Conference met to consider the Offices' experience of National Insurance administration, and changes that could be recommended to the Insurance Commissioners. Under the 1946 National Insurance Act, approved societies were abolished, and the records of the Conference cease in 1948. The Conference does not appear to have held permanent offices; correspondence being directed as appropriate to the individual offices of Conference office-holders.

The Baltic Exchange was based successively at Threadneedle Street and St Mary Axe. It was founded in 1744 as the Virginia and Baltic Coffee House, established as a meeting place for merchants trading with Virginia or the Baltic. From 1823, it was known as the Baltic Coffee House; later becoming the Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange Limited (1900-1981/2). In 1857 the Exchange formed the Baltic Company Limited to purchase South Sea House (wound up in 1899). In 1899 the Exchange formed a committee called the City of London Exchange Syndicate to purchase a site in Jeffrey's Square (wound up in 1900). From the late 19th century to the end of the 20th century, the Exchange became a worldwide centre for freight and records of many thousand ship charters are held.

The Bamboo Paper Company Limited was established in London in 1919 to manufacture and deal in paper pulp made from bamboo and fibrous substances. The company granted a licence to the India Paper Pulp Company to manufacture and sell bamboo pulp in British India and Burma. The company was linked to Morgan Grenfell via the involvement of one of the latter's partners - Charles F. Whigham. The offices were at 36 Paternoster Row from 1919.

Benjamin Charles Thomas Gray appears to have started in business in London as a West Indies merchant in about 1832. By 1846 he was already also acting as a North America merchant, and had taken his son Charles William Gray into partnership. The firm was known at this time as B.C.T. Gray and Son. By 1856 another son, Benjamin Gerrish Gray, was also a partner, and the firm was styled B.C.T. Gray and Sons. BCT Gray died in 1853, and in 1858 Benjamin Gerrish Gray resigned his partnership in favour of his brother Ambrose Gosling Wentworth Gray. The firm was then known as Charles William and Wentworth Gray until it disappeared c 1910. On Charles William Gray's death in 1880, he was succeeded in partnership by his son Lewis Gray. The firm traded successively from Upper Stamford Street; Great Surrey Street, Cornhill; Lime Street and Great St Helen's.

The Bordeaux Agents Association was based at 4 Lloyd's Avenue (in 1949). It was a group of wine sellers and importers.

Butterworth and Company (Publishers) of 7 Fleet street 1818-99, 12 Bell Yard 1899-1912, 4-6 Bell Yard 1912-53, 88 Kingsway 1955-94, Borough Green, Kent 1973-95, and Halbury House, 35 Chancery Lane 1994-.

The business was founded in 1818 by Henry Butterworth who sold both his own publications and many other law books. The firm was first known as Henry Butterworth, law bookseller and publisher; but from the 1850s was variously known as Messrs Butterworth, Messrs Butterworth and Co. and Messrs Butterworth and Son though it appears in London directories from 1853 as Henry Butterworth and Co. On the death of Joshua Whitehead Butterworth (Henry's son) in 1895, the firm was bought by Shaw and Sons, law printers and publishers. The new business was known as Butterworth and Co and owned by Charles Bond, soon succeeded by his son Stanley Shaw Bond. The company has been known colloquially (in the twentieth century at least) as Butterworths.

Limited companies were set up from 1910 onwards to trade in the empire and dominions but the principal UK firm was not set up as a limited company until 1927 when Stanley Shaw Bond changed the name of Butterworth and Company (Canada) to Butterworth and Company (Publishers) and increased the authorised capital to +250,000. Butterworths remained a group of separate companies with Bond as the sole shareholder of each company until his death in 1943. The company structure was then rationalised with the smaller companies becoming subsidiaries of Butterworth and Company (Publishers). In 1947 Butterworths became a public company and in 1967 it was bought by IPC.

This company was first known as Fuel Publications and was presumably the vehicle for publishing the journal Fuel. The name was changed in 1950/1 to Butterworths Technical Books.

In 1895 Charles and Richard Bond (known as Shaw and Sons) bought Butterworth and Company. In the next three years they divided up their business so that Charles Bond took over the law publishing side of Shaw and Sons as well as Butterworths. Charles Bond retained personal possession of some titles published by Butterworths on a commission basis and bequeathed them to his son Stanley.

The Coke Press, publisher of the Law Journal, was bought in 1924 by Stanley Shaw Bond, owner of Butterworth and Company (Publishers) Limited.

R J Acford Ltd (Acfords) were a printing firm, specialising in legal printing such as the Law Journal. They were bought by Butterworths after the Second World War and sold off in 1974.

The firm was founded by Henry Shaw in 1750. In 1895 when it bought Butterworths it was owned by two brothers Charles and Richard Bond who were described in the sale agreement as "carrying on the business of printers and publishers at 7, 8 and 9 Fetter Lane under the style of Shaw and Sons." Charles and Richard divided up their business between 1895-1901 so that Charles ran Butterworths and took over Shaw and Sons' law publishing.

A large number of Grahams companies, registered in Glasgow, were trading individually in Glasgow and elsewhere, including Portugal and India, as early as the late 18th century. Grahams Trading Company Limited, however, was incorporated on 29 July 1924, as general merchants and manufacturers all over the world, with a registered office at 7 St Helen's Place, EC3. It was an amalgamation of several of the older Grahams companies and the newly acquired "Portuguese companies". The latter, Abelheira Paper Mills Limited, Boa Vista Spinning and Weaving Company Limited and Braco de Prata Printing Company Limited, had all begun in the late 19th century and were registered in Glasgow but traded in Portugal through William Graham and Company, William and John Graham and Company, and William Graham Junior and Company, who acted as their agents and held title to the real estate in Portugal.

The Portuguese business of Grahams Trading Company Limited was held through West European Industries Limited. In 1947, the "Portuguese companies" went into voluntary liquidation, and the various mills and factories were gradually closed down and sold off in the 1950s. Grahams Trading Company Limited was taken over by Camp Bird Limited in 1957 and went into voluntary liquidation in 1960.

A large number of Grahams companies, registered in Glasgow, were trading individually in Glasgow and elsewhere, including Portugal and India, as early as the late 18th century. Grahams Trading Company Limited, however, was incorporated on 29 July 1924, as general merchants and manufacturers all over the world, with a registered office at 7 St Helen's Place, EC3. It was an amalgamation of several of the older Grahams companies and the newly acquired "Portuguese companies". The latter, Abelheira Paper Mills Limited, Boa Vista Spinning and Weaving Company Limited and Braco de Prata Printing Company Limited, had all begun in the late 19th century and were registered in Glasgow but traded in Portugal through William Graham and Company, William and John Graham and Company, and William Graham Junior and Company, who acted as their agents and held title to the real estate in Portugal.

An assets company was also formed in 1924, known as the Reserved Assets Company Limited. Its registered office also was 7 St Helen's Place. It was wound up in 1936 on the reduction and reorganisation of the capital of the trading company. West European Industries Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary, was incorporated on 26 March 1930. Its registered office was 7 St Helen's Place, moving to 5 St Helen's Place in 1947. The Portuguese business of Grahams Trading Company Limited was held through West European Industries Limited. In 1947, the "Portuguese companies" went into voluntary liquidation, and the various mills and factories were gradually closed down and sold off in the 1950s. Grahams Trading Company Limited was taken over by Camp Bird Limited in 1957 and went into voluntary liquidation in 1960.

The Assam Frontier Tea Company Limited were based on Leadenhall Street and other City addresses. They amalgamated in 1977 with Budla Beta Tea Company Limited. They were taken over in 1982 by the Caparo Group Limited.

Dooars Tea Company began trading in 1885 as the operator of 4 estates in the Western Dooars, Bengal. It had offices at 36 Wood Street, 1885-91; 60 Gracechurch Street, 1891-1912, 2A Eastcheap, 1912-68 and 13 Rood Lane, 1968-71. In 1982 the company was acquired by the Caparo Group Limited.

The company began trading in 1896 from 60 Gracechurch Street. From 1912-1968 it was at 2A Eastcheap, from 1968-1971 13 Rood Lane, then in Isleworth and Kennington before being wound up in 1979. It was renamed Empire Plantations and Investments Limited in 1974, when the administration of its estates was transferred to India. The Caparo Group took over the records of the company in 1982.

Charles Cox first appears in Bailey's London Directory of 1784 as a merchant at 20 Bartlett's Buildings, Holborn. By 1799 he is described as a marine agent (Holden's London Directory) and later as simply an agent. In 1813 the business moved to 44 Hatton Garden and Charles Cox was joined by his son to become Charles Cox and Son, agents. From the 1830s they are described as either marine and navy agents or royal marine agents, and their last appearance is in the 1854 Post Office Directory. The 1855 Post Office Street Directory lists 'Tear Laming Warren (successor to Charles Cox and Son), marine agent' at 44 Hatton Garden.

The Fine Art and General Insurance Company Limited was established at 28 Cornhill in 1890 as the Fine Art Insurance Company specifically to handle fire insurance for fine arts, but it expanded into non-life insurance and, in January 1894, changed its name to Fine Art and General Insurance Company. In 1895 it moved to 90 Cannon Street, in 1905 to 89-90 Cheapside, and in 1924 to 64 Cornhill. It became a subsidiary of North British and Mercantile Insurance in 1917 and merged with Commercial Union Assurance in 1959.

This company was established in 1878. It changed its name several times, becoming the Imperial Accident, Live Stock and General Insurance Company in 1898, the Imperial Accident Insurance Company in 1907, the Imperial Live Stock Insurance Company in 1914, before returning to its original style as Imperial Live Stock and General Insurance Company in 1923. It had offices at 17 Pall Mall East before moving to 27 Cavendish Square. By 1934 it was at 24 Cornhill where it remained. In 1912 it was taken over by Commercial Union Assurance Company and wound up in 1948.

This company was established in 1824 as the Indemnity Mutual Marine Assurance Company in premises at 36 Great Winchester Street. By 1907 its address was 1 Old Broad Street and in 1958 4 Fenchurch Street. The company changed its name to Indemnity Marine Insurance Company in 1935, although its business covered both marine and aviation insurance. It became a subsidiary of the Northern Assurance Company in 1917 which in turn became a subsidiary of Commercial Union Assurance in 1968.

This company was established in 1887 for life and accident insurance. Its offices were at 3 Regent Street. In 1894 it amalgamated with Scottish Metropolitan Assurance Company; this became London and Scottish Assurance in 1912; Northern Assurance in 1923 and merged with Commercial Union in 1968.

This company was established in 1862 as London and Lancashire Life Assurance Company; it was a sister company to London and Lancashire Insurance. After 1910 it expanded into general insurance as well and became known as London and Lancashire Life and General Assurance Association, but it was renamed London and Scottish Assurance Corporation Ltd in 1919. It became a subsidiary of Northern Assurance in 1923 and Northern Assurance merged with Commercial Union in 1968. London and Scottish Assurance had their first offices at 73-4 King William Street; by the time of their amalgamation in 1919 their address was 66 Cornhill.

George Nicholas and Son were wine merchants of 27A Old Broad Street.

Francis Newton sailed from Gravesend to Madeira in 1745 and began trading there, at first while employed as a bookkeeper but from 1747-1748 on his own account. In the 19th century his successors, Cossart, Gordon and Company, claimed the year of foundation as 1745 (see printed circular issued in 1867, in Ms 32992/151). The earliest document among the papers now held at Guildhall Library is dated 1749.

The company has traded under the following names: Francis Newton -1758; Newton and Gordon, 1758-77; Newton, Gordon and Johnston, 1777-91; Newton, Gordon and Murdoch, 1791-1801; Newton, Gordon, Murdoch and Company, 1802-5, Newton, Gordon, Murdoch and Scott, 1805-c 1833; Newton, Gordon, Murdoch and Company, c 1833-1839; Newton, Gordon, Cossart and Company, [1839-1864]; Cossart, Gordon and Company c 1864-1953; Cossart, Gordon and Cia. Lda 1953-

Although originally established in Madeira, from its earliest days the business maintained close links with London, and its principals were always British. In 1758 Francis Newton entered into partnership with Thomas Gordon. Newton returned from Madeira to London c 1767 (according to an account written in 1773, in Ms 32992/11) and thereafter appears to have acted in London as the company's senior partner. By the mid nineteenth century the company had a substantial presence in both London and Madeira, with a "London house" as well as the original "Madeira house". The "London house" traded as Webster Gordon, Cossart and Company in the 1840s, when it was based at 6 New Broad Street (1846). The name Cossart, Gordon and Company was used in London before it was used in Madeira, being applied to the London house from 1851. From c 1864, both houses traded under the same name.

The primary business of Cossart, Gordon and Company was the purchase of wine from local suppliers and its export to Britain, the United States, India and the West Indies. In the 18th and early 19th centuries it also traded in a range of other commodities such as cotton, soap, sugar, rice, grain, flour, meat, fish, fruit and dairy products. During the 19th century, however, as the demand for Madeira wines grew, Cossart, Gordon and Company withdrew from trading in general merchandise in order to concentrate on wines.

In 1913 a small group of Madeira wine shippers decided to work together and formed the Madeira Wine Association Limitada. The numbers in this group grew as the benefits of co-operation became clear. Cossart, Gordon and Company joined the Association as a partner in 1953. At the same time, the Madeira assets of the London company were put into a Portuguese company, Cossart, Gordon and Cia. Lda. which supplied the London company's requirements through the Madeira Wine Association (later the Madeira Wine Company).

A. S. Daniell (d 1873) appears to have conducted the business (management of coffee, coconut and cinnamon plantations) from a number of addresses in London, and from St Leonard on Sea, Sussex; Bath, Somerset; and Pau, France. Some of the business was conducted through the Ceylon Coffee Company of 17 Baker Street and through Henry Burnett, ship agent of 43 Fish Street Hill. After the death of A. S. Daniell, the business, under the name of Daniell and Company, was carried on from 25 Broad Street.

The firm of Dixon, Morgan and Company shipped wine and spirits, specifically from Oporto in Portugal, where it had considerable interests and where many members of the firm were based. It developed from the successive partnerships of numerous wine merchants, starting with Messrs Haughton, Langston and Dixon in the early 18th century. By 1785 the firm was known as Langston and Dixon. By 1800 this had become Dixon, Brett and Morgan, and was based at 13 Savage Gardens. in circa 1810 the name changed again to Dixon, Morgan and Company, which in turn became Morgan Saunders and Company in circa 1835, then Thomas Morgan & Company (moving to 11 Mark Lane) in circa 1840, Morgan jun and Ridge (of 24 Savage Gardens) from circa 1845, and finally Morgan Bros from 1858. It became a limited liability company in 1872, and moved to Clements House, 27 St Clements Lane in circa 1865; 39 Trinity Square in 1872, 16 Mark Lane in 1901, 14 Trinity Square in circa 1925; 20 & 22 Wellington Street, WC in circa 1940 and 23-29 Walbrook in circa 1950. The firm is believed to have been taken over by Crofts in circa 1970.

The East India Company was based at East India House, Leadenhall Street (Sir William Craven's mansion house, rebuilt in 1726 and enlarged in 1799, occupying 11-21 Leadenhall Street in 1842, demolished in 1862 and the site sold to Lloyd's of London).

Edmund Schluter and Company were general merchants (particularly in rubber, tea and coffee) with trading links in France, Germany, Belgium, Sweden, Italy, Austria, Poland, and the United States and Brazil. The business was founded in 1858. In 1988 the company moved to Switzerland, and the London office was renamed E.D.M. and Company. (London) Ltd. It was based at 35 Mincing Lane (1858-9), 24 Mark Lane (1860-1941), 4 Cullum Street (1942-1955), 15/18 Lime Street (1956), 30 Mincing Lane (1957-60), 37 Mincing Lane (1961-1975), and 20 Eastcheap (1976-).

The Society for Equitable Assurances on Lives and Survivorships was formed in 1762. It was the first society to use a scientific form of life assurance which enabled the Equitable to accept a broad range of risks. By 1797 there were over 5,000 assurances in force. The name 'Equitable Life Assurance Society' appeared in brochures by 1857, but the Society only became incorporated with this name in 1893.

The Society acquired the Reversionary Interest Society in 1919; University Life Assurance Society in 1919; and Equitable Reversionary Interest Society in 1920.

The Society was based at Nicholas Lane (1762-74); New Bridge Street (1774-1870); Mansion House Street (1870-1924); Coleman Street (1924-c1992); and Basinghall Street (c 1993- ). The Society was closed to new business in 2000.

The Reversionary Interest Society was formed under a Deed of Settlement of 1823 to purchase reversionary interests in real and personal property and life policies, and life interests. The founder of the Society is generally supposed to have been George Stephen (later knighted on the accession of Queen Victoria) who was its first solicitor. The Society was the first of its kind, although private dealing in reversionary interests had long existed.

The immediate object of the Society was to raise a fund to enable it to make purchases of reversionary interests or reversions. The Society wished to purchase reversions with a view to making a profit between purchase and recovery (when the reversion had "fallen-in" and the property was "recovered"). The profit would be appropriated to the payment of dividends or to reserves.

The early success of the Society brought about the establishment of similar societies such as the Equitable Reversionary Interest Society in 1835 and the General Reversionary Society in 1836. This success, combined with a favourable financial climate, encouraged the Society to increase its powers in 1845 by an Act of Parliament (8-9 Victoria c. 146) which authorised (amongst other things) a large increase in capital. However, an economic depression set in almost immediately. The Directors also fell out with Sir George Stephen, whose connection with the Society was severed. The Society subsequently concentrated on the purchase of life policies.

In the early days, the Society had no power to lend money. However, an Act of 1857 (20-1 Victoria c.3) enabled the Society to grant loans at interest secured on reversions and life interests. This power was used sparingly at first, but a great expansion of loans business in the 1870s allowed the Society to build up a large surplus.

In 1880, the Reversionary Interest Society became a company limited by shares. The Society was acquired in 1919 by the Equitable Life Assurance Society which also purchased the Equitable Reversionary Interest Society in the following year. Thereafter the fortunes of the two reversionary interest societies were complementary. New business was brought to an end in 1977, although the Equitable Life Assurance Society continues to look after current investments.

The Society's head office was located as follows: 17 King's Arms Yard, Coleman Street (1823-97); 30 Coleman Street (1897-1924); 19 Coleman Street (1924-66); 4 Coleman Street (1966 onwards).

The Federation was founded in 1911 as the British Imperial Council of Commerce, becoming the Federation of Chambers of Commerce of the British Empire in 1926; the Federation of Commonwealth and British Empire Chambers of Commerce in 1955; the Federation of Commonwealth and Empire Chambers of Commerce in 1961; and the Federation of Commonwealth Chambers of Commerce in 1963. The Federation operated from the premises of the London Chamber of Commerce. It was dissolved in 1975.

The firm of Flower, Ridehalgh and Company, stockjobbers, first appears in directories in 1938. They were situated at 5 (later 4/5) Copthall Court, and in 1964 moved to 120 Moorgate. The firm disappears from the directories in the late 1960s.

The company was formed by George Franklin who started practising as an accountant in Sheffield in 1871. In 1880 he was in practice at 187 Norfolk Street, moving to Imperial Chambers Norfolk Row in circa 1888. In 1890 the style of the company changed to Franklin, Wild and Company and an office was opened in London around this time at 14/15 Broad Street Avenue, which soon became a separate practice. The London firm moved to 5, 6 and 7 Broad Street Avenue in 1893; 22 and 23 Broad Street Avenue in 1895; 22-28 Broad Street Avenue in 1909; 42-45 New Broad Street in 1922, and 19-25 Argyll Street in 1964. In 1974 the company merged with Finnie, Ross, Welch and Co of London (and various other cities) to form Finnie, Ross, Wild and Company. In 1984, after a series of mergers, this firm became part of Finnie and Company, now part of Stoy Hayward.

George Jesse Dawson established himself as an antiquarian clock case maker and restorer in 1901 at 1 Warren Mews, London, W1. The firm later moved to 15 Warren Mews, and Dawson's son Percy George Dawson took over, himself an authority on the history of clocks and their cases. The firm ceased to operate c 1975.