Born 1912; educated at Wellington and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into The Devonshire Regt, 1932; Lt, 1935; service as Intelligence Officer, 14 Infantry Bde, Palestine, 1938; awarded MC, 1938; General Staff Officer 3, British Forces in Palestine and Transjordan, 1939-1940; served in World War Two, 1939-1945, with the Rifle Brigade, 1 Special Air Service Regt (SAS), and in Yugoslavia; acting Capt, 1939-1940; General Staff Officer 3, General Headquarters, Middle East, Cairo, Egypt, 1940; Capt, 1940; service in Kenya, 1940; attended Staff Course, Haifa, Palestine, 1940; General Staff Officer 3, G2, Force Headquarters, Athens, Greece, 1941; Officer in charge of beach at Port Raphtis during Allied evacuation of Greece, 1941; General Staff Officer 2, 1941; awarded OBE, 1941; General Staff Officer 2, General Headquarters, Middle East, 1941-1942; War Substantive Maj, 1942; General Staff Officer 1, 1942; acting Lt Col, 1942; service with 1 Special Air Service Regt (SAS), based at Kabrit, Egypt, and raided behind enemy lines, North Africa, 1942-1943; captured by Italians, 1942; escaped from torpedoed Italian submarine, 1943; service with Rifle Bde, Tunisia, 1943; General Staff Officer 1, 1943-1944; awarded DSO, 1944; Assistant Quartermaster General, 1944; General Staff Officer 1 and Second in Command, British Military Mission, Yugoslavia, 1944; commanded Bde, 1945; Maj, 1946; General Staff Officer 2, War Office, 1946-1947; General Staff Officer 2, Anti-Aircraft Command, 1947-1948; General Staff Officer 2, Directing Staff, Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1948-1950; General Staff Officer 1, Defence Ministry, 1950-1952; Brevet Lt Col, 1951; Lt Col, 1953; Col, 1954; temporary Brig, 1954; commanded Parachute Bde, Territorial Army, 1954-1956; Deputy Director of Staff Duties, War Office, 1956-1957; awarded CBE, 1958; Military Adviser to Hussein bin Talal, King of Jordan, 1959-1961; Brig, 1960; Maj Gen, 1961; General Officer Commanding 3 Div, 1961-1962; awarded CMG, 1962; retired 1963; Justice of the Peace, 1966; Member, National Hunt Committee, 1967; Chairman, Save the Children Fund, 1967; died 1970.
Born 1908; educated at Tonbridge School, Kent, and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into the The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, 1928; service in India, 1928-1937; Lt, 1931; Adjutant, 1 Bn, The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, India, 1934-1937; Capt, 1937; commanded Company, Regimental Depot, The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, Maidstone, Kent, 1938-1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; attended Staff College, Jan-Apr 1940; Bde Maj, 30 Infantry Bde, British Expeditionary Force (BEF), France, Apr-Jun 1940; defence of Calais, France, 1940; Bde Maj, 141 Infantry Bde, UK, Jun-Nov 1940; General Staff Officer 2 (Operations), Headquarters 1 Corps, UK, Dec 1940-Jul 1941; General Staff Officer 2 and General Staff Officer 1, Combined Operations, UK, 1941-1944; War Substantive Maj, 1942; temporary Lt Col, 1942-1944; Second in Command, 5 Bn, Dorsetshire Regt, UK and British Liberation Army, France, Mar-Jul 1944; awarded MC, 1944; temporary Lt Col, 1944-1948; Commanding Officer, 7 Bn, Hampshire Regt, British Liberation Army, North West Europe, 1944-1945; awarded DSO, 1945; Maj, 1945; Commanding Officer, 2 Bn, The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, UK and British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), Germany, 1945-1946; RN Staff College, Greenwich, 1946; Joint Services Staff College, Latimer, Buckinghamshire, 1947; General Staff Officer 1 (Training), General Headquarters, Far East Land Forces, Singapore, 1947-1948; Senior Army Liaison Officer, UK Services Liaison Staff, New Zealand, 1948-1951; Lt Col, 1949; Col (Co-ordination), Adjutant General's Branch, War Office, 1951-1953; Col, 1952; temporary Brig, 1953; commanded 18 Infantry Bde and 99 Gurkha Infantry Bde, Malaya, 1953-1955; awarded CBE, 1955; Imperial Defence College, London, 1956; Brig, 1956; Brig, General Staff (Staff Duties, Training and Technical), Headquarters, British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), Germany, 1957-1958; Maj Gen, 1958; General Officer Commanding East Anglia District and 54 East Anglian Infantry Div, Territorial Army, 1958-1961; Civil Defence Staff College, Sunningdale, Ascot, Berkshire, 1959; Col, The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, 1959-1961; awarded CB, 1960; Deputy Commander, British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), and Commander British Army Group Troops, Germany, 1961-1963; Deputy Col, The Queen's Own Buffs, The Royal Kent Regt, 1961-1965; Chief of Staff, British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), and General Officer Commanding Rhine Army Troops, Germany, 1963-1964; retired 1964; Deputy Lieutenant, Kent, 1964; Civil Service, 1964-1973; Chairman, Kent Committee, Army Benevolent Fund, 1964-1984; Vice President of local branch, Royal British Legion; Hon Col, 8 Queen's Cadre (formally 8 Bn, The Queen's Regt (West Kent)), 1968-1971; died 1994.
Born in 1896; educated at Bedales School, Petersfield and Nottingham High School; studied accounting in London, then worked for a firm of camera and lens makers in Berlin; joined Army Service Corps as a clerk, 1914; 2nd Lt and Lt, 1915; transferred to 2 Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regt); served in France, 1915-1916; killed in action, 1916.
Born in 1904; educated at Merchant Taylors' School; worked as a Lloyds marine broker from 1921-1925; began to write professionally while travelling in Argentina and Australia; worked as an author and feature writer on UK depressed areas, 1930-1939; worked as a special correspondent with The Morning Post for which he covered the Gran Chaco War, 1935-1936; on the outbreak of war in 1939 he joined the fire brigade and enlisted in the ranks in 1940; promoted to Capt in 1941, transferred to the Intelligence Corps for training; 1944 worked as a censor and a report writer on the mental and physical health of the 'D' Day forces; later in 1944 was released from the Army to work as war correspondent for The Sunday Times in Western Europe; travelled extensively in post war Europe and attended the Nuremberg trials; employed as a war correspondent for the Daily Telegraph during the Korean War; in 1951 settled in Suffolk to write full time on military subjects; his writing was highly regarded by his close friends Maj Sir Desmond John Falkiner Morton and Maj Gen Eric Edward Dorman O'Gowan (formerly Eric Edward Dorman Smith) and by Capt Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart to whom he turned for professional advice and criticism, however his books never achieved critical success and he suffered from ill health and financial difficulties; died 1977. Publications: Argentine Interlude. The first roll of a rolling stone (Duckworth, London,1931); Down Under. An Australian Odyssey (Duckworth, London, 1932); Glory Hole (Duckworth, London, 1933); Wild Animal Man (Duckworth, London, 1934); Land of To-Morrow A story of South America, (Duckworth, London, 1936); To-Morrow We Live (Duckworth, London, 1936); An Englishman Looks at Wales (Arrowsmith, London, 1937); Home in Ham (Arrowsmith, Bristol,1938); Portrait of a Patriot.The story of the early life and rise to power of Juan Manuel de Rosas (Collins, London, Glasgow, 1939); Voice from the Wilderness. Being a record of my search for El Dorado and of those who have sought and found new lives (Faber & Faber, London, 1940); Germans and Japs in South America (Faber & Faber, London, 1942); Men Under Fire (Macdonald, London, 1946); Black Caribbean (Macdonald, London, 1946); Devil at my Heels. The record of a journey through Europe from the Arctic Ocean to the Black Sea in the aftermath of war (Macdonald, London, 1947); Voice from the Wilderness (Macdonald, London, 1947); Cry Korea (White Lion Publishers, 1974; Hamilton, London, 1956; Macdonald, London, 1951); 9 A.B. The challenge (Spalding & Levy, London, 1953); The Pink House in Angel Street, The story of a family (Dennis Dobson, London, 1954); Dieppe at dawn (White Lion Publishers, London, 1972; Hutchinson, London, 1956); The Eighty-Five Days (Four Square Books, London 1960; Hutchinson, London, 1957); The Battle for the Rhineland (Hutchinson, London, 1958); Boy in Blinkers (Robert Hale, London,1959); The Price of Victory (Constable, London, 1960); The Yankee Marlborough (George Allen & Unwin, London, 1963); An Echo of Trumpets (George Allen & Unwin, London, 1964); Spearhead of invasion: D-Day (Pan Books, London, 1972; Macdonald, London 1968); Montgomery, the Field Marshal: a critical study of the generalship of Field-Marshal the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, K.G., and of the campaign in North-West Europe, 1944/45, (Allen & Unwin, London, 1969); Generalissimo Churchill (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1973); Churchill and Morton, the quest for insight in the correspondence of Major Sir Desmond Morton and the author R W Thompson (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1976).
Born 1905; volunteer Aircraft Identifier, Royal Observer Corps, May-Jul 1944; died 1993.
Born 1911; educated at King's School, Rochester, Kent and St John's College, Cambridge; organist and director of music, King's School, Canterbury, Kent, 1936-1939; Lt, Supplementary Reserve, Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, 1934; Lt, Regular Army Reserve of Officers, 1938; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; service with Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, France and Belgium, 1939-1940; graduated from Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1941; General Staff Officer 2, Headquarters 9 Corps and General Staff Officer 1, 1 Army, North Africa, 1942-1943; Maj, 1943; General Staff Officer 1, Headquarters Persia and Iraq, 1943-1944; General Staff Officer 1, War Office, 1944-1946; Registrar and Secretary, Queen Mary College, University of London, from 1946; member of Essex Education Committee, 1957-1965; Chairman, Brentwood Group Hospital Management Committee, from 1958; Justice of the Peace for Essex, 1960, and North East London, 1965; Hon Col, London University Officer Training Corps, Territorial Army Volunteer Reserve, 1968; member of Greater London Territorial Army Volunteer Reserve Association from 1968; Deputy Chairman, Universities Central Council on Admissions, 1972; died 1994.
Born in 1890; educated at Exeter School and Balliol College, Oxford; held various appointments in the Malayan Civil Service, 1915-1926; appointed as District Officer, Batang Padang, 1927, and Kuala Selangor, 1929; Superintendent of Census, Malaya, 1930-1932; Economy Officer, Federated Malay States and Straits Settlements, Under Secretary, Straits Settlements and Financial Commissioner and Auditor General, Johore; Secretary for Defence, Malaya, 1938-1941; died in 1974.
Born in 1901; educated at Repton School and RAF Cadet College, Cranwell; commissioned, 1921; various posts in Coastal Command, 1921-1939; served in First Lord's Operations Room, Admiralty, 1939-1942; commanded RAF Station, St Eval, Cornwall, 1942, commanded Coastal Command Station, Nassau, Bahamas, 1942-1944; served at Supreme HQ, Allied Expeditionary Force, 1944-1946; Director of Air Branch, Control Commission, Berlin, 1947-1949; devised and organised the Air Lift to Berlin in 1948; conducted Anglo-Russian enquiry into collision between Yak fighter and GB civilian aircraft flying from Hamburg to Berlin during the Berlin Airlift, 1948; Commandant, RAF Bircham Newton; Assistant Chief of Staff, Allied Air Forces, Central Europe, 1951-1953; retired 1953; died in 1975.
Born in 1897; educated at Royal Naval Colleges, Osborne and Dartmouth; served on HMS DORIS, Mediterranean, 1914-1915, HMS VALIANT, North Sea, 1916-1917, HMS LOBELIA, Mediterranean, 1917-1918, HMS CALYPSO, Baltic, 1918, and HMS TRING, English Channel, 1920; retired from RN, 1920, but rejoined to fight in World War Two; died in 1981.
Born 1898; educated at Berkhamsted School, Hertfordshire; served in World War One, 1914-1918; served with Inns of Court Regt, Officer Training Corps, Territorial Force, 1915-1917; commissioned into the Royal Field Artillery, Territorial Force, and served on Western Front, 1917-1918; Lt, 1919; service with 65 (8 London) Howitzer Bde, Territorial Army, 1920-1924; qualified as chartered accountant, 1922; freeman, City of London, 1922; established Derek Webster and Company, Chartered Accountants, 1923; Inns of Court Regt, Territorial Army, 1924-1928; served World War Two, 1939-1945; Capt, 1939; served with 53 (London) Medium Regt, Royal Artillery, British Expeditionary Force, France, 1939-1940; evacuated from Dunkirk, 1940; commanded 210 Battery, 53 (London) Medium Regt, Royal Artillery, 1940-1941; on staff, South Eastern Command, 1942-1943; Chief Statistical Officer, Headquarters, 21 Army Group, 1943-1945; Maj, 1944; retired from Army, 1946; Hon Lt Col, 1946; Honorary Treasurer, St Marylebone Conservative Association, 1946-1948; Vice Chairman, Fulham and Kensington Group Hospital Management Committee, 1948-1952; London County Councilor, 1949-1952; Honorary Treasurer, Hemel Hempstead Constituency Conservative and Unionist Association, 1950-1955; Justice of the Peace for Hertfordshire, 1956; Honorary Treasurer, National Fund for Research into Crippling Diseases, 1966; retired, 1976; died 1983.
Born, 1925; 36 Div, US Army, Florida, France and Italy, 1943-1945; one time War Studies student, King's College London.
Joined RAF in 1935; No 15 Sqn, RAF Abingdon, 1935-1938; Flying Officer, 1938; 103 Sqn, 1938; took part in bombing raids in North West Europe, 1939-1940; captured by Germans and held as POW in Germany, 1940-1945; Commanding Officer, 213 Fighter Sqn, Cyprus, 1946-1947; Movements Department, HQ Middle East, 1947; Senior Administration Officer, Nicosia, Cyprus, 1947-1949; Senior Administrative Officer, RAF Duxford; retired from RAF, 1950, and started a career in farming.
ACM Sir Neil Wheeler was born 1917; educated St Helens College, Hants; Royal Air Force College, Cranwell, 1935; Bomber Command, 1937-1940; Fighter and Coastal Commands, 1940-1945; Royal Air Force and US Army Staff Colleges, 1934-1944; Cabinet Office, 1944-1945; Directing Staff, Royal Air Force Staff College, 1945-1946; Far East Air Force, 1947-1949; Directing Staff, Joint Services Staff College, 1949-1951; Bomber Command, 1951-1953; Air Ministry, 1953-1957; Assistant Commandant, Royal Air Force College, 1957-1959; Officer Commanding, RAF Laarbruch, 1959-1960; Imperial Defence College, 1961; Ministry of Defence, 1961-1963; Senior Air Staff Officer, Headquarters, RAF Germany, 1963-1966; Assistant Chief of Defence Staff (Operational Requirements), Ministry of Defence, 1966-1967; Deputy Chief of Defence Staff, 1967-1968; Commander, Far East Air Force, 1969-1970; Air Member for Supply and Organisation, Ministry of Defence, 1970-1973; Controller, Aircraft, Ministry of Defence Procurement Executive; 1973-1975; retired 1975.
Born in 1913; 2nd Lt, Royal Engineers, 1933; Lt, 1936; served in Palestine, [1936-1939]; Capt, 1941; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, General HQ, Middle East Land Forces, 1941-1942; General Staff Officer Grade 2 under Engineer-in-Chief, Middle East Land Forces, 1943; Staff Officer, Royal Engineers, Grade 2, 30 Corps, 1944, 1946; Bde Maj, 1944-1945; HQ, 5 Div, 1946-1948; Maj, 1946; General Staff Officer Grade 2 under Inspector of Establishments, War Office, 1948-1951; Staff Officer, Royal Engineers, Grade 1, HQ British Troops in Egypt, 1951-1953; Lt Col, 1954; commanded 24 Engineer Group (Territorial Army), 1958; died in 1992.
R Adm Sir Henry William Wildish: born 1883; educated at Royal Naval Engineering College, Keyham and Royal Naval College, Greenwich; Engineer Sub Lt 1904; HMS NILE 1905-1906; HMS HERMES, 1906-1907; Engineer Lt 1907; Assistant to Engineer Captain, Nore Division, 1908-1912; HMS DUNCAN 1912-1914; Senior Engineer, HMS SUTLEJ, 1914-1915; Engineer Lt Cdr 1915; Senior Engineer, HMS KING ALFRED, 1915-1916; Chief Engineer, HMS SPRINGBOK 1916-1919; Engineer Officer, Malta, 1919-1923; Engineer Cdr 1921; Engineer Officer, HMS CANTERBURY, 1923-1925; Engineer Officer, HMS DILIGENCE, 1925; Engineer Officer, HMS WEYMOUTH, 1925-1926; Engineer Officer in charge, Admiralty Fuel Experimental Station, Haslar, 1926-1928; Engineer Officer, HMS FURIOUS, 1928-1931; Engineer Capt 1930; Engineer Manager, HM Dockyard, Gibraltar, 1930-1934; Fleet Engineer Officer, Mediterranean Fleet, 1934-1936; Admiralty Engineer Overseer, Northern District, 1936-1937; Engineer R Adm, 1937; Staff of Commander-in-Chief, Nore Command, 1937-1941; CBE, 1939; Staff of Commander-in-Chief, Western Approaches, 1941-1945; CB, 1942; retired 1945; KBE, 1946; died 1973.
Born, 1869; 18 King's Own Hussars; 2 Lt 5 Royal Irish Lancers, 1893; Major, 3 King's Own Hussars, 1906; Lt Col commanding 3 Hussars, 1915-1921; retired, 1921; Adjutant 5 Lancers, and of the Imperial Light Horse and South African Constabulary, served throughout South African (Boer) War, and wounded in defence of Ladysmith; died 1943.
Publications: The 3rd (King's Own) Hussars in the Great War, 1914-1919 (John Murray, London, 1925).
Born 1908; educated at University School, Hastings, Merchant Taylors and City of London School; served apprenticeship in cotton trade, 1925-1929; joined RAF on short service commission, 1929; posted to No 5 Flight Training School, Sealand, Flintshire, 1929; served with 111 Fighter Sqn, Hornchurch, Essex, 1930-1932; Flying Officer, 1931; posted to Fleet Air Arm, 1932, and served with School of Naval Co-operation, Lee-on-Solent, Hampshire, 1932-1934; released from RAF, 1934; conversion course on flying boats while on Reserve, 1934; qualified as Flying Instructor, 1935; Chief Instructor and Manager, York County Aviation Club, 1935; Flying Instructor, RAF Reserve School, 1935-1936; Flying Instructor, Blackburns, Hanworth, Surrey, and Brough, Yorkshire, 1935-1937; Civil Test Pilot, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, Hampshire, 1937-1939; recalled to RAF as Sqn Ldr, 1939; Commanding Officer, Aerodynamic Flight, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, Hampshire, 1939-1941; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; temporarily attached to 74 Fighter Sqn, Biggin Hill, Kent, to assess fighter requirements, 1940; Wg Cdr, 1941; awarded AFC, 1941; Chief Test Pilot, Royal Aircraft Establishment, responsible for initial test flights on all captured enemy aircraft, 1941-1945; Test Pilot, British Air Commission, Washington DC, on loan to US Army Air Force, US Navy and US Marine Corps, 1943-1944; Assistant Director (Flying) Special Projects, Ministry of Aircraft Production, 1944-1945; seconded to 616 Fighter Sqn to train pilots on the Gloster Meteor jet fighter, 1944; acting Gp Capt, 1945; Commandant, Empire Test Pilots' School, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, 1945-1947; set new world air speed record of 606 miles per hour in Gloster Meteor IV, 1945; awarded CBE, 1946; Officers Advanced Training School, 1947; Wg Cdr Administrative, RAF Coningsby, Lincolnshire, 1948; retired from RAF, 1948; Managing Director and Chief Test Pilot for Planet Aircraft, 1948-1949; appointed Sales Manager (Engines), Blackburn and General Aircraft Limited, 1953; employed by Rolls Royce Limited, Small Engine Division, 1968; Associate Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society; Member of the Guild of Air Pilots and Navigators; died 1990.
Born in 1909; Administrative Officer, Mental Hospitals Department, London County Council, 1928-1932; Administrative Officer, Department of the Clerk of the Council, 1932-1942; studied history at King's College London, 1931-1934; Ambulance Control Officer, London Ambulance Services, 1939-1942; served with 51 Training Regt, Royal Armoured Corps, UK, 1942 and with Royal Army Ordnance Corps in UK, 1942-1943, India, 1942-1945, and Burma, 1945-1946; Commander, No 52 Ordnance Field Depot, Myngaladon, Burma, 1945; Commander, No 62 Ordnance Field Depot, Rangoon, 1945-1946; served on Public Control Committee, London County Council, 1946, and Parks Committee, 1947-1954; postgraduate, Theology Faculty, King's College London, 1949-1952; Council Clerk, London County Council, 1954-1970; retired in 1970.
Endgame In Ireland is a four part documentary produced by Brook Lapping Productions, a London based television company, for BBC television and broadcast during Jun-Jul 2001. The Series Producer was Norma Percy.
Bristol and West of England Society for Women's Suffrage (1868-1914) was founded in 1868. After the failure of JS Mills' amendment to the Reform Bill in 1867 which was to have given women equal voting rights with men, individuals interested in suffrage began to organise their efforts. With this in mind, the earliest societies in Edinburgh, London, Manchester and Dublin affiliated to a new organisation, the National Society for Women's Suffrage in 1867. The following year, this parent body helped establish a Bristol and Clifton branch with committee status. The name was changed the next year to the Bristol and West of England Society for Women's Suffrage, retaining the original executive committee of Agnes Beddoe, Mrs Alfred Brittain, Rev. J Estlin Carpenter, Mary Estlin, Florence Davenport Hill, Prof. FW Newman, J F Norris, Mrs Mill Colman (sister of JS Mill) and Lilias Ashworth (from 1869). Anna Priestman joined the following year. The National Society suffered from a lack of co-ordination between constituent branches and was replaced by the Central Committee of the National Society for Women's Suffrage in 1872. This contained members who were closely associated with the campaign to repeal the Contagious Diseases Acts that caused splits in the organisation. However, the Bristol branch chose to affiliate to it in 1872.
By 1875, the committee had been enlarged to twenty members to reflect the size of the group. It was active in the area and this effort culminated in a 'Grand Demonstration' at the local Colston Hall in Nov 1880. At this event, a deputation was appointed to wait on the Prime Minister, but this was indefinitely postponed due to the known hostility of ministers. Despite this, there was great support for the Liberal Party in the ranks of members and two of those, Anna Priestman and Emily Sturge themselves founded the first Women's Liberal Association in England. In 1898, the BWESWS affiliated to the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies in the West of England Federation. However, when the NUWSS' Election Fighting Fund policy began to urge support for Labour candidates in 1912's general election, a number of the most strongly Liberal members resigned. On the outbreak of the First World War, the political activities of the group were suspended and action was concentrated on ventures such as the Scottish Women's Hospitals supported by the NUWSS and the opening of clubs for women.
The Portsmouth branch of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (1909-1913) was established in 1909 with Miss Nora O'Shea as secretary and was a member of the Surrey, Sussex and Hants Federation of the NUWSS. It seems to have ceased work in 1913.
Margaret Stevenson Miller was born in 1896 and was educated at the University of Edinburgh. She subsequently went on to study at School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London from which she was the first student to gain a PhD in 1925. She gained a position as a lecturer in the Department of Commerce of Liverpool University where she worked until the outbreak of the Second World War. During this time, she was a member of the Six Point Group and became interested in the issues surrounding women's employment and the economic position of married women. She wrote articles on these themes for the Incorporated Secretaries' Journal in 1927 and lectured to women's groups in Liverpool throughout the 1920s. During the war she worked as a research strategist in Soviet affairs. She was at first posted to the British Foreign Office's Foreign Research and Press Service in Oxford. However, she was later seconded to the United States' Office of Strategic Studies in Washington. There, she lectured on Soviet economics at George Washington University. At the end of the war she returned to the Foreign Office's Economic Intelligence Department but soon left to spend the rest of her career as an administrative officer for the Central Electricity Authority while continuing to broadcast on economic issues. She died some time around 1979.
Until the end of the nineteenth century, most middle-class girls were educated at home by the family, unlike their brothers who routinely attended university, and the schools which did cater for them were generally of a very poor academic standard, with emphasis on 'accomplishments' such as embroidery and music. However, some, such as Louisa Martindale, tried to start their own schools for girls with more academically demanding curricula. Despite the failure of Martindale's exercise, Frances Mary Buss followed in her footsteps when, at the age of twenty-three, she founded the North London Collegiate School for Ladies with similar aims. In 1858 Dorothea Beale became Principal of the already extant Cheltenham Ladies College and soon transformed it into one of the most academically successful schools in the country while at the same time working to improve teaching standards through her work with the Head Mistresses' Association and The Teachers' Guild. In 1865 Beale began collaborating with Emily Davis, Barbara Bodichon, Helen Taylor, Frances Buss, and Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, in forming a debating society which became known as the Kensington Society. There, these women, who would be crucial in the development of these schools, met for the first time to discuss this and other topics such as women's franchise. Nor did they confine their attentions to the education of girls but also researched the question of the subsequent entrance of women into higher education. The Queen's College in London had already opened in 1847 to provide a superior level of education to governesses and had proved a success without being an accredited institution of higher education itself. In this context and influenced by the London group, a large number of Ladies' Educational Associations sprang up throughout the 1860s and 1870s. Those in Leeds, Liverpool, Newcastle, Sheffield, etc, were brought together in 1867 by Anne Clough as the North of England Council for Promoting the Higher Education of Women and its members included Josephine and George Butler as well as Elizabeth Wolstenholme-Elmy. This council began setting up a series of lectures and a university-based examination for women who wished to become teachers and which would later develop into a University Extension Scheme. However, universities generally still refused to open their degree examinations to women. In 1871, Henry Sidgwick established the residence Newnham College for women who were attending lectures at Cambridge where Clough would become principal in 1879 when it was recognised as an academic college. Girton was established by Davis as the College for Women at Hitchin in 1869 and moved to Cambridge as the first residential higher education college for women four years later. After the campaign to establish these institutions, it remained necessary to continue the campaign to extend their levels of excellence to the general state of female education and to open up other avenues of achievement to them.
Born, London 1788; Sir Francis Ronalds was the son of a London merchant. His father died when he was nineteen and he became responsible for the family business although Ronalds was more interested in carrying out chemical experiments which he conducted at home. 1814 he met the Swiss natural philosopher Jean-Andre De Luc who was engaged on experiments with dry piles of gilt paper and laminated zinc; Ronalds constructed a dry column of 1,000 pairs of elements to which he added a ratchet and pawl arrangement by which the pile produced rotation of a pointer round a dial. 1816 he demonstrated his electric telegraph; he offered it to the Government but it was rejected by the Admiralty. Ronalds published a booklet describing the telegraph, 1823; a single-wire telegraph operated by frictional electricity, it was practical but never tried out on a commercial scale; travelled to Europe and the Near East, 1816-1823. On a sketching tour of Sicily with Sir Frederick Henniker he realised the need for mechanical sketching instruments. Ronalds devoted himself to designing perspective instruments, 1824-1828; he took out a patent for 'Apparatus for tracing from Nature', 1825; published 'Mechanical Persepctive', 1828. Ronalds was asked to exhibit at the Polytechnic Institution in London; these exhibits indicate the scope of Ronalds' inventions: a new fore-bed carriage, a semi-transparent sundial showing mean time, perspective instruments and a fire alarm. Appointed first Honorary Director and Superintendent of the British Association's Meteorological Observatory at Kew, 1843; he improved the apparatus and methods of measurement relating to atmospheric electricity and also devised a system of applying photography to self-registration of meteorological and magnetic observations. Similar apparatus were installed in observatories at Toronto, Madrid and Oxford. In 1852 left Kew and spent a number of years abroad mainly in France and Italy, compiling a bibliography of electricity and magnetism and collecting books and pamphlets on these subjects; knighted, 1870. This honour came at the end of a protracted campaign by his friends to secure some credit for Ronalds for his pioneering work in relation to the development of the electric telegraph. Died, 1873, Battle, Sussex.
Born 1851, York, to a Quaker family. His father was a schoolmaster at Bootham School; Thompson attended his father's classes before moving on to the Flounders Institute, a training school for teachers at Ackworth, where he took the London BA degree in 1869. Appointed science master at Bootham 1870-1875; gained a scholarship to the London School of Mines and took the London BSc degree in 1875. Went to Heidelberg where he attended lectures by Robert Bunsen and Georg Hermann Quincke 1876; appointed to the Chair of Physics at University College Bristol 1876-1885. Married Jane S Henderson of Glasgow 1881; published 'Elementary Lessons in Electricity and Magnetism', 1881; selected a Member of the Society of Telegraph Engineers and Electricians 1882; published 'Dynamo-Electric Machinery: a Manual for Students of Electrotechnics' 1884; Principal and Professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering in the City and Guilds of London Technical College 1885 -1916; elected a member of the Royal Insitution 1886; delivered the Cantor Lectures to the Society of Arts on the subject of the electromagnet and electromagnetic mechanisms 1890 and again on the subject of the Arc Light 1895; honorary Vice Presidents of the Electrical Exhibition in Frankfurt 1891; elected a Fellow of the Royal Society 1891; member of the British Delegation to the Electrical Congress in Chicago 1893; first President of the Rontgen Society 1897; President of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 1899; elected to the Senate of London University 1900; gave the first Kelvin Lecture at the Institution of Electrical Engineers on the life of Lord Kelvin 1908; delivered the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures on Sound 1910-1911; honorary Vice President of the Electrotechnical Congress at Turin 1911; wrote a paper on the development of compass cards for the Proceedings of the British Academy 1914; Thompson was one of the pioneers of ocean telephony and his ideas attracted world wide attention. He is also famous for designing rotatory (now rotary ) converters. Wrote biographies of Michael Faraday and Lord Kelvin and was interested in optics, musical harmony and harmonic analysis. He was convinced of the need for the closest co-operation between science and industry. He was also a keen advocate of technical education and apprenticeship teaching at the City and Guilds of London Technical College. He was an accomplished artist and had some of his paintings exhibited at the Royal Academy. Died 13 June 1916.
Born Camden Town, London, 18 May 1850, the youngest of four sons to Thomas Heaviside and his wife Rachel West, whose sister Emma had married Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1847. Thomas Heaviside was a wood engraver and his wife was a governess and had taught the Spottiswoode family, including Sir William Spottiswoode who became President of the Royal Society. However, the family were very poor and the poverty of those early years had a lasting influence on Oliver. His education began at a girls' school run by his mother, but when this failed he was taught by Mr F R Cheshire at the Camden House School. He did not go to university but became a telegraph clerk for the Anglo Danish Telegraph Company, later the Great Northern Telegraph Company, in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1868. He retired from work due to increasing deafness in 1874. He then began work on a series of problems in telegraphy and signal transmission using experimentation, mathematics and vector analysis. He worked on James Clerk Maxwell's equations concerning the electromagnetic theory of light. He predicted the existence of an ionised reflective layer in the atmosphere which would bounce radio signals back to earth - the ionosphere - which is known as the Heaviside layer in his honour, and also predicted the existence of sub-atomic particles and the idea that the mass of an electric charge increases with its velocity. Heaviside was a difficult and eccentric man, partly caused by his deafness, who cared nothing for the opinions of other scientists, but was convinced of the correctness of his workings using mathematical notation (vector algebra) which was almost impossible to understand by his contemporaries but which forms the basis of important areas of electrical engineering theory to this day. He had long and famous disagreements with Sir William Henry Preece over the introduction of inductance to long distance communication cables to improve the transmission of signals, and with Lord Kelvin over the process by which electricity travelled down wires, leading to the production of Heaviside's transmission line equations, and over Kelvin's use of heat diffusion theory to calculate the age of the earth; however, they remained life-long friends. Heaviside moved to Paignton in Devon with his parents to live near his brother Charles and his family. His parents died in 1894 and 1896 and in 1897 Heaviside moved to Newton Abbott where he lived until 1908 when he moved in with his sister in law's sister, Miss Mary Way in Torquay. He lived there until his death on 3 February 1925. He was awarded the Faraday Medal by the IEE and was an Honorary Member of the AIEE. His published works include numerous papers and articles, Electromagnetic Waves (1889), Electrical Papers (1892) and Electromagnetic Theory (3 vols 1893-1912).
The foundation of the Mothers' Union is dated to the publication of the first membership card in 1876. The society was established by Mary Sumner, wife of the Rector of Old Alresford in the Diocese of Winchester, to defend the institution of marriage and promote Christian family life. This concern broadened over time to consider all factors affecting the morality of society, within the home and without.
Initially a network of meetings in parishes in the Diocese of Winchester, by the mid 1890s, the MU had established a centralised governing body in London, and had a number of branches overseas; from the early twentieth century, departments were established to deal with specialised tasks in the society's work. Although the society was primarily concerned with the role of the mother and the upbringing of children, married women without children and unmarried women were allowed to join as Associate Members from the outset. Throughout the twentieth century the MU addressed a variety of contemporary social issues (such as runaway children, drug dependence, venereal disease, housing conditions and birth control), but reserved particular efforts for campaigning against divorce and marriage breakdown.
Faced with a need to address a liberalisation in both society and the Church in the decades following the Second World War, the Mothers' Union revised its constitution in 1974 giving greater autonomy to the MU overseas and no longer excluding divorcées. Further reassessment took place in the early 1990s when the need to comply with charity regulations prompted a restructuring of the organisation.
Nursing Notes Ltd was set up in 1929 by Dame Rosalind to produce the journal Nursing Notes, more recently called Midwives, which she had begun in 1887 for nurses and midwives. She personally funded the publication and was involved in its administration and production. Other members of the Paget family subsequently became involved, notably Kathleen and Guy Paget. The offices of the journal served as the focal point for the administration of the journal, and also a Trust Fund which Dame Rosalind established in 1919. She was a trained nurse and midwife and a prominent member in the movement to raise the status of midwives and nurses, and to improve the standards in these professions. The records in this collection reflect just a part of her activities, which also included the development of the Midwives Institute, now the Royal College of Midwives, and she also helped set up the Queen's Nursing Institute. She was also an active member of the Chartered Society of Massage and Medical Gymnastics which became the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy.
Wathen Ernest Waller, MD, MRCP Surgeon-Captain Royal Army Medical Corps qualified in medicine 1912 practised in Oxford and then held a resident appointment at St George's Hospital London. Served in the RAMC in the Iraq Campaign, returned to Oxford, and practised there until around 1926, when he moved to Rustington where he remained in practice for the rest of his life; died 1958. Miss Waller was association with the Red Cross and served as a nurse in the Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD). She died 1986.
Not given.
Not given.
Imperial Pharmacy was based in South Croydon, Surrey.
Jaques Frederic Alexandre Schupbach was born in London on 11 July 1906, the son of Alexandre Schupbach, a Swiss working for the Credit Lyonnais in London, and Marguerite nee Ulliac, a member of a Breton family removed to Neuchatel. He was educated at Wycliffe College in Gloucestershire, a vegetarian establishment. In the 1930s he worked for various government organisations. The stages in the development of his medical interests and practice are unknown. He was a member of the Astrological Lodge, the Theosophical Society, the British Phrenological Society, the British Dowsing Society, and the Fraternite Blanche Universalle. He was a member of several orchestras in which he played the violin and the viola. He lived in Church Road, Barnes, from the 1940s to his death in June 1989. At his death, his large library of books on social psychology, occult sciences etc was dispersed: the bulk of the medical books are now in the Wellcome Library. These papers form a small selection, made virtually at random, from a vast collection of letters, notes, etc, of which the remainder were destroyed. Some of the case-notes revealed that he had treated certain patients over many years.
W A Pool qualified as a member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in 1911. He was in the Indian Veterinary Service 1912-1924 and was an officer during World War I. From 1930 to 1955, when he retired, he was Director of the Commonwealth Bureau of Animal Health, Weybridge. He was also editor of'Veterinary Research.
A.D. Douglas and E.D. Oram were psychiatrists at the Saxondale Hospital, Nottingham. A. Minto was a psychiatrist also based in Nottingham. Sam Sussman was Director of Social Services in London, Ontario, Canada.
Dr Ludwig Freyberger qualified in medicine in Vienna in 1889 and was House Physician, House Surgeon and Clinical Assistant at Vienna General Hospital before moving to London where he was Clinical Assistant at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street. He qualified MRCS (Eng) in 1893 and MRCP (Lond) in 1894. He was a barrister-at-law at the Middle Temple as well as a toxocologist, and served as pathologist for London inquests. At this time he was also Honorary Physician to the St Pancras and Northern Dispensary, and pathologist, museum curator and registrar at the Great Northern Central Hospital. An analysis of the controversy surrounding his employment, 1902-1912, by the new coroner for the South-Western District of London can be found in Medical History, 39,3, July 1995.
Hugh Reginald Jolly, FRCP (1918-1986) was a paediatrician. An outline of Jolly's career follows: Qualified in medicine, 1942; worked in London (The West London Hospital, The London Hospital and the North Middlesex Hospital) and with RAMC in Britain and abroad (last posting as dermatologist to the Allied Forces in the Netherlands East Indies), 1940s; various posts, Great Ormond Street Hospital, 1948-1951; resident at the Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, USA, 1951; 1951-1960 Consultant Paediatrician, Freedom Fields Hospital, Plymouth, 1951-1960; Sexual Precocity, 1955; Consultant Paediatrician, Charing Cross Hospital, 1960-1983; Professor of Child Health, University College, Ibadan, Nigeria, 1961-1962; Diseases of Children, 1964; Paediatrician in charge at Charing Cross Hospital, 1965-1983; Visiting Professor in Child Health, Ghana Medical School, 1967-1969;
columnist for The Times, 1970s; founded Child Development Centre at Charing Cross Hospital, 1971; Commonsense About Babies and Children, 1973; Book of Child Care, 1975; More Commonsense About Babies and Children, 1978; 1980 Consultant Paediatrician, British Airways, 1980; retired, 1983; The First Five Years, 1985;
The Grandparents' Handbook, 1985; died 1986.
Fredrick Le Gros Clark was the grandson of a surgeon of the same name (1811-1892) and the brother of Sir Wilfrid Le Gros Clark, Professor of Anatomy at Oxford and London Universities. His right hand and right eye were destroyed in an accident at the end of the First World War, and his left eye so badly damaged that he gradually became completely blind. His writing career commenced with children's books and some articles on his experiences of coping with blindness, but by 1930 had found his vocation as an integrator of knowledge and experience on problems connected with welfare and nutrition. He instigated the 'Committee against Malnutrition', drawing attention to the extent of malnutrition in Great Britain. He became secretary of the Children's Nutrition Council and edited the Nutrition Bulletin of the National Council for Health Education. He studied school feeding and was, briefly, a consultant to the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, contributing to the historical chapter in the FAO's School feeding: its contribution to child nutrition by Marjorie L Scott, 1953 (see also D.12 in this list). Aided by grants from the Nuffield Foundation, he undertook a prolonged study of the part played by tradition and preconceptions, rather than incapacity, in fixing the age of retirement. Clark took an Oxford MA in 1944 and was given an honorary DSc by Bristol University in 1972.
Bernard Sandler MD, DMR, DRCOG (1907-1997) was a gynaecologist and obstetrician, and a pioneer of infertility treatment. Dr Sandler opened the first clinic for the investigation of both male and female infertility at the Manchester Jewish Hospital in 1947. Until 1978 he was Lecturer in the Department of Gynaecology, University of Manchester, and Physician in Charge, Infertility Clinic, Manchester Jewish Hospital, and published much on infertility and on related issues of sex education and marriage guidance.
The Bourne Abortion Case was a precedent-forming case in 1938, in which Dr Aleck Bourne was tried for performing an abortion on a 14 year old girl who had been made pregnant by rape. Bourne's acquittal liberalised England's abortion laws, establishing psychiatric grounds as a permissible medical reason for abortion. The case is central to these studies to the legal attitude to abortion.
W Sampson Handley trained at Guy's Hospital, and graduated MB, BS, in 1895. After a period in general practice, his first post as a surgeon was at the Samaritan Hospital in 1900. In 1904 he won a research scholarship at the Middlesex Hospital, investigating the mode of spread of cancer. He was appointed assistant surgeon at the Middlesex in 1906, and pursued his researches in the Cancer Wing there while becoming a skilled abdominal surgeon.
Professor Leslie Harold Collier, Virologist, MRCS, FRCP, FRCPath. Assistant Bacteriologist in the Vaccine Lymph Department at the Lister Institute 1948-1955, where he was involved in the development of a heat-stable smallpox vaccine. Carried out research on trachoma when he was Honorary Director of the Medical Research Council Trachoma Research Unit at the Lister Institute and in the Gambia, 1957-1973. Was also involved in the WHO Scientific Group on Trachoma Research. Emeritus Professor (Virol.) University of London. Late Professor Virology and Senior Lecturer Joint Department of Virology, London Hospital Medical College and St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London. Director Vaccines and Sera Laboratories, Lister Institute, Elstree.
After graduation in 1914, Burn worked at the Wellcome Physiological Research Laboratories under HH Dale. He trained in medicine after military service in the First World War and worked again with Dale at the National Institute for Medical Research Department of Pharmacology. He was Director of the Pharmacological Laboratories of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain 1926-1937 (and Dean of the College of Pharmacology from 1933) and Professor of Pharmacology at the University of Oxford 1937-1959. Further details can be found in obituaries in the BMJ 1981, 283,444, the Lancet 1981, ii, 212, and Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 30, 45-89, 1984.
Walter Ernest Dixon (1871-1931) was Lecturer, then Reader, in pharmacology at the University of Cambridge from 1909, and is credited, together with Arthur Cushny, with establishing pharmacology as a distinct science in Britain. His most original work was on the action of drugs on the bronchial musculature and pulmonary vasomotor system, and on cerebrospinal fluid especially in relation to postpituitary hormone and ovarian activity. [George] Norman Myers (1898-1981) joined Dixon in Cambridge in 1930 and worked with him on digitalis in toxaemia and on substitutes for morphine and heroin.
Alastair Nelson qualified MB, ChB from Edinburgh Medical School in 1947, and took the Diploma in Public Health in 1951, studying under FAE Crew, a luminary of the postwar movement in social medicine. He became Medical Officer of Health, Stourbridge, then Deputy MOH, Brighton, and Deputy Chief MOH for Middlesex, which was then the third largest health authority in the UK. Reorganisations of local government and of the Health Service made him successively MOH, Richmond, and Area Medical Officer, Richmond Health Authority, and he finally served as Director of Public Health at Kingston and Esher Health Authority before retiring in 1989.
As Chairman and later President of the Society of Medical Officers of Health, he steered through structural changes to preapre the Society for the 1974 Health Service reorganisation and the foundation of the Faculty of Community Medicine. He was active in the Faculty and in the South West Thames Committee for Community Medicine, edited the 'Handbook of Community Medicine, and represented the public health interest on nursing bodies.
Other interests included firat aid and accident prevention, and medical ethics: from 1982 he convened informal meetings to discuss the latter, from which grew the 'Human Values in Health Care' discussions.
The Archives and Manuscripts department is grateful to Mr Sonu Shamdasani for the following notes on the significance of this edition:
"This particular copy is one of an edition of mimeographed seminars printed in Zurich that were originally available only in Jung libraries and to select individuals, and which are now in the course of being published. The lectures in question were published in 1967 under the title Analytical Psychology and included in Jung's Collected Works under the title by which they were generally known - "The Tavistock Lectures" (CW8).
However, the copy in question is of value for the following reasons (which are not generally known). In a conversation with Michael Fordham, an editor of the Collected Works, who was actually present at the lectures, he informed me that the publicly published versions were substantially edited - in particular, what he termed Jung's 'rudeness' to the assembled gathering of prominent British psychiatrists and psychologists was taken out. Further, the correspondence around the editing of this text shows that the question as to whether such tampering with Jung's 'holy writ' was permissible led to an involved discussion. Hence this copy would be of interest to anyone persuing either of these topics."
Ian Natoff, born 1933; After graduating in pharmacy at Chelsea School of Pharmacy, University of London, in 1955, Dr Natoff obtained a research scholarship from the Royal Pharmaceutical Society for research on the toxicity of preservatives in fruit drinks, and later on the action of insulin in diabetes. He worked thereafter in medicinal pharmacology for pharmaceutical companies and served as Home Office Liason Officer for Roche Products Ltd until he formed his own scientific liason consultancy.
The campaign was launched in Sep 1986. It was co-ordinated centrally from the Royal Society of Medicine, with each county in England having at least one area co-ordinator. Scotland, Wales and Ireland also had co-ordinators. In conjunction with countrywide classes the BBC ran a series of 10 minute programmes, with sequences using the life-saving techniques. The programmes were repeated a further four times. The campaign closed end of Mar 1988 due to lack of finance, although some areas continued training people who were interested, and the Royal Society of Medicine continued to produce booklets for sale. For a more detailed history of the campaign see H.1.
On receipt of the radiotherapy case books of Sir Stanford Cade (GC/147), the Contemporary Medical Archives Centre arranged an interview with Cade's former colleagues at the Westminster Hospital, Professor Kurt Hellman, Professor Gerald Westbury and Dr Kenneth Newton. They were interviewed on 20 October 1993 by the Archivist, Julia Sheppard.
Derek Richter was a Neurochemist, responsible for the discovery of monoamine oxidase. After studying chemistry at Oxford, and holding various research posts in Oxford and London, Richter was appointed Director of the Neuropsychiatric Research Centre at Whitchurch Hospital, Cardiff, in 1947. The Research Centre was funded jointly by the MRC and the Rockefeller Foundation until 1957, when it was taken over by the MRC. In 1960 it moved to Carshalton, Surrey. Richter served on the Central Council of the International Brain Research Organisation and as Secretary General 1972-1977. He was instrumental in establishing the Mental Health Research Fund in 1949, the Journal of Neurochemistry in 1956, the Brain Research Association in 1968, and the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Group for Biological Psychiatry in 1977.