Mostrar 15888 resultados

Until 1834 the local authority responsible for poor relief was the parish. After the passing of the Poor Law Amendment Act, all except the largest parishes were forced to combine into poor law unions which elected Boards of Guardians which took over responsibility for poor relief. Some London parishes which had before 1834 obtained local acts of Parliament to regulate their administration of poor relief were able to continue their existing arrangements until 1867, when the Metropolitan Poor Act forced all London parishes to come under the control of Boards of Guardians.

Metropolitan parishes and unions were those falling within the Metropolis: London and those parts of neighbouring Middlesex, Essex, Surrey and Kent which had become increasingly urbanised. Valuation was the process of determining how much rates (local tax) should be paid by each property owner in an area.

The Royal Military Asylum, Chelsea, was founded in 1801 at the height of Britain's war with France (1793-1815). An estimated 315,000 men died during this conflict, leaving their dependents destitute. The Asylum was intended to provide a home and school for the children of fallen rank and file soldiers as an alternative to the workhouse. In 1892, the RMA was renamed The Duke of York's Royal Military School and, in 1909, moved to new premises constructed on the Downs of Dover, Kent.

Source: The Duke of York's Royal Military School website, http://www.achart.ca/york/history.html.

The West London Tabernacle, Penzance Place, Holland Park, was originally erected in the 1860's by Mr. Varley, a Baptist businessman who began to preach in the neighbouring Potteries in about 1863. It was enlarged and 'beautified' in 1871-1872 to designs by Habershon and Pite. It is built of yellow stock bricks with stone dressings, the style being a free adaptation of Italian Renaissance. The south front is flanked by two towers, now partially demolished, which contained staircases to the galleries. The centre of this elevation was pierced by a largesemi-circular-headed window with a hood moulding in the form of a pointed arch. The building is now in commercial use.

From: 'The Norland estate', Survey of London: volume 37: Northern Kensington (1973), pp. 276-297.

The church of Saint John was established in 1855, part of the development of Saint John's as a residential district by the wealthy Lucas family. A parish was assigned in the same year.

The Richmond Main Sewerage Board was created by Provisional Order of the Local Government Board under Section 279 of the Public Health Act, 1875 in 1887 to serve the parishes of Richmond, Kew, Petersham, North Sheen, Barnes and Mortlake, its members being appointed by the two sanitary authorities covering this area, the Richmond Corporation, which supplied six members (including the Mayor ex officio) and the Richmond Rural Sanitary Authority which also supplied six members (including the Chairman, ex officio). When the rural authority ceased to exist in 1892, part of its area was added to the borough of Richmond and the remainder was administered by a newly-created Barnes Urban Sanitary Authority (later Urban District Council) and, by an order of the Local Government Board in the following year, the constitution of the Richmond Main Sewerage Board was changed, Richmond supplying 7 members and Barnes 6. Barnes received a charter of incorporation as a municipal borough in 1932.

The Sewage Works in Westhall Road, Kew Gardens were opened in 1891, and were reconstructed over the period 1947-1960.

Poor relief was based on the Act for the Relief of the Poor of 1601 which obliged parishes to take care of the aged and needy in their area. Parish overseers were empowered to collect a local income tax known as the poor-rate which would be put towards the relief of the poor. This evolved into the rating system, where the amount of poor-rate charged was based on the value of a person's property. Early workhouses were constructed and managed by the parish. However, this process was expensive and various schemes were devised where groups of parishes could act together and pool their resources. As early as 1647 towns were setting up 'Corporations' of parishes. An Act of 1782, promoted by Thomas Gilbert, allowed adjacent parishes to combine into Unions and provide workhouses. These were known as 'Gilbert's Unions' and were managed by a board of Guardians.

Under the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, the Poor Law Commission was given the power to unite parishes in England and Wales into Poor Law Unions. Each Union was to be administered by a local Board of Guardians. Relief was to be provided through the provision of a workhouse. An amendment to the 1834 Act allowed already existing 'Gilbert's Unions' or Corporations of parishes to remain in existence, although they were encouraged to convert themselves into Poor Law Unions. Although there was some reorganisation of union boundaries, particularly in London, the majority of Unions created under the 1834 Act remained in operation until 1930. In March 1930 a new Local Government Bill abolished the Poor Law Unions and the Board of Guardians. Responsibility for their institutions passed to Public Assistance Committees managed by the county councils - in the metropolis either the London County Council or the Middlesex County Council.

Saint Pancras Parish first had a workhouse in 1777, which was rebuilt in 1802. The Parish adopted Hobhouse's Act of 1831 which provided for administration of the parish by an executive committee elected from the ratepayers and continued to operate in this way after 1834, only becoming a Board of Guardians in 1867. Further building work took place at the workhouse in 1881. The workhouse is now Saint Pancras Hospital. The Saint Pancras Union also built Highgate Infirmary, which they subsequently sold to the Central London Sick Asylum District. In 1868 construction began on an industrial school at Leavesden. The school later became Abbots Langley Hospital.

Source of information: Peter Higginbotham at The Workhouse website.

The Technical Education Board was set up by the London County Council in 1893 under the Technical Education Acts of 1889-91. It consisted of 20 members of the Council and 15 representatives of other bodies with Sidney Webb as Chairman. Though it enjoyed considerable independence it had the active backing and support of the Council. Its income was derived from the customs duty on spirits and beer (under the Local Taxation (Customs and Excise) Act, 1890), and from the rates; and its work was aided by the large sums devoted by the City Parochial Charities to the establishment and maintenance of polytechnics. Its aim throughout was to aid and reinforce the supply of technical and secondary education rather than to make direct provision of such education, nevertheless the overlapping of spheres of interest of the Technical Education Board and the School Board for London resulted in controversy which was resolved in the Cockerton judgment of 1900-01 and led finally to the transfer of the work of both Boards to the Council in 1904 under the Education Act of 1902.

The sewage works in Byegrove Road, Colliers Wood, were originally constructed by the Croydon Rural District Council to serve the northern part of its area. On 31 March 1915, this Authority ceased to exist, parts of its area being transferred to the rural districts of Epsom and Godstone and the remainder formed into the three urban districts of Beddington and Wallington, Mitcham, and Coulsdon and Purley. The parish of Morden had already been transferred from the Croydon rural district to the Merton urban district on 1 April 1913.

Following these changes, the three new urban districts together with the Merton and Morden Urban District Council decided to form a Joint Drainage Committee under Section 57 of the Local Government Act 1894 to manage the works and continue its services throughout the area hitherto served.

In 1916, by provisional order under Section 279 of the Public Health Act 1875, the Local Government Board created the Wandle Valley Joint Sewerage Board, to consist of the Chairman and 3 other members from each of the two urban districts of Beddington and Wallington and Mitcham and the Chairman and 2 other members of the urban district of Merton and Morden. Coulsdon and Purley Urban District Council was not represented but the small part of its area covered by the works continued to be covered as a transitional arrangement until alternative means of sewage disposal were put into effect in its respect.

The name of the authority was changed to the Wandle Valley Main Drainage Authority by the Wandle Valley Main Drainage Order 1962 (S.I. 1962 No. 2616) and its functions were transferred to the Greater London Council on 1 April 1965 by virtue of Section 35(1) of the London Government Act, 1963.

Charles Shorter was a merchant living in the City of London in 1659, and in Southwark by 1691.

Paton and Charles, soap manufacturers, were based at 148 High Street, Bow Common. The company was purchased by D. and W. Gibbs, Ltd, a soap manufacturer established in 1712.

Curzon Street runs between Fitzmaurice Place and Park Lane in Mayfair. In around 1715 the land in this area was purchased by a Derbyshire baronet, Nathaniel Curzon. Building began in the 1720s although much of the north side remained open until the 19th century. It became a fashionable address, and was well known for the Mayfair Chapel where illicit marriage ceremonies were performed without banns or licence, until the 1754 Marriage Act stopped the practice.

Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

A commission of bankruptcy was a commission appointing and empowering certain persons to examine the facts relative to an alleged bankruptcy, and to secure the bankrupt's lands and effects for the creditors. The bankrupt being examined in this case lived in Kingsland.

The Craven family holdings in Paddington were established by William Craven, Lord Craven (died 1697), from 1670 to 1687. His successor William, Lord Craven (died 1739) added to the holdings, purchasing houses and land from Tyburn manor. By 1795 the land was known as Craven Hill, and some development had taken place by 1811 when Robert Shirley, Earl Ferrers, was granted a lease of number 3 Craven Hill. The estate continued to develop as detached and terraced houses were constructed up to 1854.

The Lord at the time these volumes were prepared was William Christian Frederick Craven (1738-1828), the 6th Baron Craven.

From: 'Paddington: Manors and Other Estates', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 9: Hampstead, Paddington (1989), pp. 226-233 (available online).

These papers were collected for their general or antiquarian interest rather than having a united provenance (that is, being produced by the same institution or business).

Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.

A marriage settlement was a legal agreement drawn up before a marriage by the two parties, setting out terms with respect to rights of property and succession.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

An 'indenture' was a deed or agreement between two or more parties. Two or more copies were written out, usually on one piece of parchment or paper, and then cut in a jagged or curvy line, so that when brought together again at any time, the two edges exactly matched and showed that they were parts of one and the same original document. A 'right hand indenture' is therefore the copy of the document which was on the right hand side when the parchment was cut in two.

A bargain and sale was an early form of conveyance often used by executors to convey land. The bargainee, or person to whom the land was bargained and sold, took possession, often referred to as becoming 'seised' of the land.

Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

An article in The Times newspaper of April 13 1901 reports on a court case involving Edwin Brady. It states that he was the publican at the "Hole in the Wall" public house for 19 years and that the public house was "famous in the neighbourhood as a museum, the appellant [Brady] having a very large collection of stuffed animals, skeletons and other curiosities".

The first benefit society in England was established in 1775. Initially unrecognised by English law, benefit societies were co-operative savings clubs that facilitated their members buying houses. The Regulation of Benefit Building Societies Act was passed by Parliament in 1836, granting official recognition to these societies for the first time. By 1860 there were over 27,500 building societies around the country.

An ancient route was the lane from Battle or Bradford Bridge (King's Cross) to Highgate recorded in 1492. Caledonian Road, originally the Chalk Road but renamed after the Caledonian asylum, was built in 1826 by the Battle Bridge and Holloway Road Company, to provide a direct cut from the area west of the City to Holloway Road via Battle Bridge.

From: A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 8: Islington and Stoke Newington parishes (1985), pp. 3-8.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

If a person died intestate (without a valid will) their money, goods and possessions passed to their next of kin through an administration (or letters of administration) which had the same form in law as a will.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Feoffment was an early form of conveyance involving a simple transfer of freehold land by deed followed by in a ceremony called livery of seisin.

A marriage settlement was a legal agreement drawn up before a marriage by the two parties, setting out terms with respect to rights of property and succession.

Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.

Source: British Records Association Guidelines 3: How to interpret deeds (available online).

The London Pavilion on Piccadilly Circus was originally an annexe to the Black Horse Inn. From 1861 it was used as a music hall and museum of anatomy. The hall was rebuilt in 1885 by architects Worley and Saunders. It was managed by Edmund Villiers and was hailed as a new, improved type of music hall, known as a variety theatre and noted for its interior opulence. In 1934 the building was converted into a cinema and premiered several noted films. In 1986 the building was closed. The interior was gutted (although the facade was preserved and is still visible) and was converted into part of the Trocadero shopping centre.

The partnership agreement was formed between Charles Vernon Young, of 49 Stoke Newington Road, London, and Walter Edward Windsor, 37 Jewry Street, City of London. Their business was to be based at at 49 Stoke Newington Road, Stoke Newington, Hackney, and the agreement was for the partnership to be maintained for 14 years.

John Besford was based at 23 Southampton Street, Strand, and 5 Park Village, Regents Park.

Alan Ridge (1926-1997) was born in Brighton and attended the University of London, studying history and archives administration. He worked at the London County Council Archives and as Head of the Records and Registry Service of the National Coal Board.

In 1962 Ridge moved to Canada to establish the archival course at McGill University. He became Provincial Archivist of Alberta in 1968, serving for 16 years. He participated in many professional associations, including the Association of Canadian Archivists, the Alberta Society of Archivists, and the Historical Society of Alberta. In 1985 he was invested in the Order of Canada.

He died in 1997 and is commemorated in the Alan Ridge Publications Award of the Association of Canadian Archivists.

Information from the Association of Canadian Archivists at http://archivists.ca/content/aca-award-recipient-biographies [accessed Sep 2011].

The Grand Surrey Canal was the chief London canal south of the Thames, extending from Surrey Commercial Docks to Camberwell and was originally intended to go as far as Mitcham when it was first authorised in 1801. Ralph Dodd was the first engineer and the entrance lock into the Thames was opened in 1807. The canal's use for transport ceased in 1836 and it became a line of wharves. The company combined with the Commercial Docks Company to take over Surrey Commercial Docks in 1864, but in 1908 it was transferred to the Port of London authority who closed it in 1971 when it was subsequently drained.

The "Rosemary Branch" tavern, in Southampton Street, which stands at the junction of the Commercial Road, was a well-known metropolitan hostelry at the commencement of the century. The old house, which was pulled down many years ago, was a picturesque structure, with rustic surroundings. When the new house was erected it was described, in a print of the time, as an "establishment which has no suburban rival." The grounds surrounding it were most extensive, and horse-racing, cricketing, pigeon-shooting, and all kinds of out-door sports and pastimes were carried on within them. The grounds have now been almost entirely covered with houses.

From: 'Peckham and Dulwich', Old and New London: Volume 6 (1878), pp. 286-303.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Sir Christopher Hatton was Chancellor to Elizabeth I. He constructed Hatton House in 1576. The house had fallen into ruin by 1659 when the current streets were laid out. The street now called Hatton Garden was known as Hatton Street, Hatton Garden referred to the whole area including Leather Lane, Saffron Hill and Holborn.

Hatton House itself passed to William Newport, Christopher Hatton's nephew, in 1591. William took the name Hatton, and married Lady Elizabeth Cecil. She was granted the house after William's death and it passed to her daughter by her second husband, who had married into the Villiers family.

Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).

In May 1811 a Bill was passed for the construction of a new bridge to cross the Thames about a quarter of a mile west of London Bridge, and the Southwark Bridge Company was formed. The Company pushed ahead with the construction of Southwark Bridge despite opposition from the City of London and the Thames Conservatory Board, who did not consider it necessary. The bridge was begun in 1813 and opened at midnight on 24 March 1819, designed by Sir John Rennie. The bridge was not popular and was underused, despite the congestion on nearby London and Blackfriars Bridges.

The Saint Marylebone Charity School was founded in 1750.

John Heath, John Lymell and Joseph Manlove became co-partners as fishmongers and dealers in venison with shops at Temple Bar, Saint Clement Danes and Berkeley Square in 1759.

The company was formed in 1825 by James Simpson, an engineer from the Chelsea Waterworks Company, and George Thompson, an engine maker of Queen Street, Chelsea. Their works were at a messuage on the north side of mews leading east from Eccleston Street, near Hanover Square.

In September 1832 socialist reformer Robert Owen, famed for the model community at the New Lanark mills, opened the Equitable Labour Exchange on Grays Inn Road. The Exchange used a new currency which was based on labour. Workers could exchange goods for notes according to the time they had taken to make the goods. The notes were measured in hours. The notes could then be exchanged for goods of equal 'time value'. Problems soon arose with the system, partly because the assessors over-valued goods, and because tradesmen would bring in low quality items, trade them for notes, trade these for high-quality goods, and sell these goods at a profit. The Exchange closed in 1834.

William Harris was the stepson of James Crowcher of Portsea, Hampshire, a labourer. He was apprenticed to Thomas Ellyett of Portsea, hatter, for seven years. He subsequently leased a house and workshop at 5 Upper Ashby Street, Northampton Square, Finsbury.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

According to the Post Office London Commercial Directory for 1935, Harold Williams, Holliday and Partners, auctioneers, surveyors and solicitors, had offices at Chancery Lane and Croydon.

The Princess was Frances, only child and heiress of Fleetwood Wilson of Wappenham Manor, Northants, who was married to Russian Prince Alexis Dolgorouki. Alfred de Rothschild was the second son of Baron Lionel de Rothschild, and was, at various times, a director of the Bank of England and a trustee of the National Gallery.

The head office of the company was at 300 Goswell Road, London EC1. They sold carrier tricycles, one of which was especially designed for "...the suit pressing and valet service business."

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

No historical information about Charles Bullard could be found.

The ships represented in this collection are:

• 'Salacia', No. 9144, registered at London, 64 tons; master, B. Bacon; in lobster and fresh fish carrying trade between UK and Norway
• 'Emperor', No 23244, registered at London, 30 May 1861, 199 tons; [owner], Messrs Lambert Bros. and Scott; master, James Chapman Smith; giving names of crew, for coasting trade from London to Shields or elsewhere
• 'Anne Lee', No 17055, registered at London, 380 tons; master, Demo Constantine; for Jamaica.

The Royal Institution was founded in 1799 by Benjamin Thompson with the purpose of widening knowledge and facilitating the introduction of new mechanical devices or scientific advances. A house on Albemarle Street was fitted with laboratories, libraries and a lecture theatre. Humphry Davy and Michael Faraday worked there.

A Bill to enable a bridge to be constructed across the Thames from Westminster to Lambeth became law in May 1736. Commissioners to oversee the project were appointed with powers to acquire land and clear property to make way for the bridge. On the Westminster side, streets were very narrow and the land ownership pattern was very complex with many leases and subleases. Juries were thus necessary to decide on acquisition and compensation. Construction began in 1738 and the bridge was opened in 1750.

The church of Saint Alban, Wood Street, was constructed on the supposed site of the chapel of King Offa, the 8th century ruler of Mercia, who founded Saint Alban's Abbey. The churchyard was used by the Barber-Surgeons' Company for the burial of dissected felons. The church was rebuilt in 1633 but burned down during the Great Fire of 1666. It was reconstructed by Wren to the same design in 1685-85, although a tower was added in 1697. After a bombing raid in 1940 everything except the tower was destroyed. The ruins were demolished in 1955, leaving the tower.

After the 1666 Great Fire, Saint Olave, Silver Street, was united with the parish of Saint Alban's; and in 1894 Saint Michael, Wood Street was united with Saint Alban's.

Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).

The church of All Hallows Staining is first mentioned in 1177; although the origin of the word 'Staining' in the name is unclear. It may be that the site belonged to the manor of Staines. Queen Elizabeth I gave thanks in this church after her release from the Tower of London. The building survived the Great Fire of 1666 but collapsed in 1671, undermined by too many burials. It was rebuilt, but was subsequently demolished in 1870 except for the tower. The church of All Hallows, Bromley-by-Bow, was constructed using the proceeds from the sale of the site. The parish of All Hallows Staining was united to the parish of St Olave Hart Street in 1870.

The Society for the Commemoration of the accession of Queen Elizabeth I was a dining and campanological society.

Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).

All Saints Skinner Street was a district chapelry constituted in 1864, which was united with the parish of Saint Botolph Bishopsgate (P69/BOT4) in 1869.

The church of Saint Andrew Undershaft is first mentioned in 1147, under the name Saint Anderw Cornhill. The name 'Undershaft' derived from a tall maypole which used to stand beside the church. The church was rebuilt in 1520-1532, and was repaired in 1627 and altered at various points subsequently, including 1830 and 1875. The building was not damaged during the Great Fire of London or the Second World War. Historian John Stow is buried here.

The parish of Saint Andrew Undershaft was united with Saint Mary Axe in 1561. There are no surviving archives of Saint Mary Axe, except for two items concerning the uniting of the parish with Saint Andrew Undershaft (Ms 4138 and 4148). In 1954 the parish was united with the parishes of Saint Katherine Cree and Saint James Duke's Place, which had united in 1873.

Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).

History of the united parishes of Saint Mary at Hill, Saint Andrew Hubbard, Saint George Botolph Lane and Saint Botolph Billingsgate:

The churches of Saint Botolph and Saint Andrew Hubbard were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. The parish of Saint Mary at Hill was united to the parish of Saint Andrew Hubbard in 1670. The parish of Saint George Botolph Lane was united to the parish of Saint Botolph Billingsgate in 1670. The united parishes of Saint George and Saint Botolph were joined with the united parishes of Saint Mary and Saint Andrew in 1901; and the church of Saint George was demolished in 1903-4.

Botolph was a 7th century Saxon Abbot and the patron saint of travellers, so his churches were usually situated at the city gates.

The church of Saint Faith under Saint Paul was originally above ground, but was removed c.1255 for the extension of Saint Paul's Cathedral, and granted a space in the crypt. In 1551 it was moved to a larger and lighter area of the crypt. After the Great Fire, no new church or chapel was built, and the parish of Saint Faith under Saint Paul was united to the parish of Saint Augustine Watling Street in 1670. They were, in turn, united to the parish of Saint Mary le Bow in 1954.