The meeting house was erected in Lime Street in 1672 and remained on the site until 1755 when the premises were purchased, and the community compelled to leave. The congregation divided into two branches, the main group going to Miles Lane, and the other to Artillery Lane.
The City of London was divided into wards for the purpose of government as early as Norman times. The wards had responsibility to keep the peace, supervise trade and oversee sanitation, and each ward has the right to elect an Alderman and Commoners to sit in the Court of Common Council.
One of the twenty-six wards of the City of London, lying between Aldgate and Cornhill wards. It contained no City parish churches after the suppression of St Mary Axe and St Augustine Papey.
Poor relief was based on the Act for the Relief of the Poor of 1601 which obliged parishes to take care of the aged and needy in their area. Parish overseers were empowered to collect a local income tax known as the poor-rate which would be put towards the relief of the poor. This evolved into the rating system, where the amount of poor-rate charged was based on the value of a person's property. Early workhouses were constructed and managed by the parish. However, this process was expensive and various schemes were devised where groups of parishes could act together and pool their resources. As early as 1647 towns were setting up 'Corporations' of parishes. An Act of 1782, promoted by Thomas Gilbert, allowed adjacent parishes to combine into Unions and provide workhouses. These were known as 'Gilbert's Unions' and were managed by a board of Guardians.
Under the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, the Poor Law Commission was given the power to unite parishes in England and Wales into Poor Law Unions. Each Union was to be administered by a local Board of Guardians. Relief was to be provided through the provision of a workhouse. An amendment to the 1834 Act allowed already existing 'Gilbert's Unions' or Corporations of parishes to remain in existence, although they were encouraged to convert themselves into Poor Law Unions. Although there was some reorganisation of union boundaries, particularly in London, the majority of Unions created under the 1834 Act remained in operation until 1930. In March 1930 a new Local Government Bill abolished the Poor Law Unions and the Board of Guardians. Responsibility for their institutions passed to Public Assistance Committees managed by the county councils - in the metropolis either the London County Council or the Middlesex County Council.
Stepney Poor Law Union was formed in December 1836, consisting of the parishes of Limehouse, Mile End Old Town, Ratcliffe, Shadwell and Wapping. In 1857, Mile End Old Town left the Union to become a separate Poor Law 'Hamlet' and set up its own workhouse.
The Stepney Union was known as the Parish of Limehouse for a short period from 1921 to 1925. In 1925, the Hamlet of Mile End Old Town, the Parish of St George In The East, and the Whitechapel Union were added to the Stepney Union which was then renamed the Parish of Stepney Union in 1927.
Institutions managed by the various Unions, and finally by the Parish of Stepney Union, included Mile End Old Town Workhouse, Wapping Workhouse, Limehouse Workhouse, Ratcliffe Workhouse and Casual Wards, Saint Leonard's Street Workhouse, and the Stifford Children's Homes.
Source of information: Peter Higginbotham at The Workhouse website.
Limpus entered the Navy in 1876. He served in the ALEXANDRA, in the Mediterranean, 1878 to 1879, in the BACCHANTE, Detached Squadron, 1880 to 1882, and the ALBACORE, again in the Mediterranean, 1884 to 1885. He was made a lieutenant in 1885 and a commander in 1898. He took a prominent part in the relief of LADYSMITH when he was second-in-command of the Naval Brigade during the Boer War. He was specially promoted to captain in 1900 for his efforts. In 1910 he was made rear-admiral, hoisting his flag in the JUPITER, Home Fleet. Between 1912 and 1914 he was Naval Adviser to Turkey and was made vice-admiral in the Turkish Navy. Between 1914 and 1916 he was Admiral Superintendent at Malta and was much concerned with the organization of supplies to the Dardanelles. He was President of the Shell Committee at the Admiralty in 1917 and retired in 1919.
The Lincolnshire Women's Research Group (1985-1986) began as a Workers Educational Association class in 1985 in which women members were encouraged to examine their own experiences and those of their contemporaries in the county of Lincolnshire. The Group studied novels and short stories and then decided to interview local women with a view to the possibility of compiling a book about women's lives in Lincolnshire from the 1930s to the 1950s. After the course, the original class members continued with the project and produced an exhibition in the summer of 1986. Contributions were also made as a result of a Women's Institute essay competition on the subject of women's memories of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s in Lincolnshire. Material was gathered from these essays, interviews with local women, local newspapers and archives in the following areas: health and childcare; waged and war work; sex and superstition; food and drink; education; family life and childhood memories; fashion; and leisure and entertainment.
Jenny Lind was born in Stockholm, 6 Oct 1820. The Swedish soprano (nicknamed 'the Swedish nightingale') enrolled at the Royal Opera School, Stockholm in 1830. She made her debut in 1838 as Agathe in Der Freischutz. After numerous performances in Sweden, she made her German debut in Berlin in 1844, and her Viennese debut in April 1846. After further touring in Germany and Austria, she made London debut at Her Majesty's in May 1847, as Alice in Robert le diable, followed by success appearances in La sonnambula, La fille du regiment and I masnadieri. She sang in Sweden during the winter, and made her last Stockholm appearance in April 1848. She then sang for a second season at Her Majesty's followed by an extensive tour of Great Britain. She continued to sing in concerts and oratorios, both in Germany and in England, where she lived from 1858 until her death. In 1883, the year of her last public performance, she became Professor of Singing at the Royal College of Music. She died at Wynds Point, Herefordshire on 2 Nov 1887.
The case was a cause celebre for the antivivisection movement. Miss Emilia Augusta Louise Lind-af-Hageby (1878-1963) was a Swedish woman who settled in England, and was founder of the Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society. In 1911 she was responsible for opening a shop in Piccadilly displaying the reality of vivisection. In May 1912 two articles by Dr C W Saleeby appeared in the Pall Mall Gazette accusing her anti-vivisection campaign of being based on lies and falsification. Miss Lind-af-Hageby then brought a suit for libel against Dr Saleeby, with his co-defendents W Waldorf Astor, proprietor of the Pall Mall Gazette, J L Garvin, the editor, and D C Forrester, the printer. She conducted her own case, and the action lasted from 1st-23rd April 1913. A summary account of the case and its significance can be found in E Westacott: A Century of Vivisection and Anti-Vivisection (The C W Daniel Co, Ltd, Ashingdon, Rochford, Essex, England, 1949), pp 502-505. Miss Lind-af-Hageby lost the case but obtained valuable publicity for the anti-vivisection cause.
David Edward Alexander Lindsay was born in Aberdeen and educated at Eton and at Magdalen College, Oxford. He was elected Conservative MP for Chorley, Lancashire in 1895, and retained the seat until succeeding his father in the House of Lords in 1913. He was chief whip between July 1911 and January 1913. Lord Crawford largely retired from active politics in the early 1920s and was subsequently chiefly known as a patron of the arts, an area that had interested him for many years. His diary, kept continously from 1892 until his sudden death in 1940 and rich in political detail, was published in 1984.
Born, 1880; educated at Sandroyd and Radley; joined the Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers (Militia), 1898; commissioned into the Rifle Brigade, 1900; served in Second Boer War, South Africa, 1900-1902; Lt, 1901; Capt, 1906; Adjutant, Customs and Docks Rifle Volunteers, 1907-1908; Adjutant, 17 (County of London) Bn, London Regt, 1908-1911; Instructor, School of Musketry, Hythe, Kent, 1913-1915; served in UK, France and Flanders, World War One, 1914-1918; Maj, 1915; Instructor, Machine Gun School, Wisque, France, 1915; General Staff Officer 2, Machine Gun Corps Training Centre, Grantham, Lincolnshire, 1915-1916; Bde Maj, 99 Infantry Bde, 2 Div, Western Front, 1916-1917; posted to the Machine Gun Corps, 1917; awarded DSO, 1917; Chief Instructor, Machine Gun School, France, 1917-1918; Army Machine Gun Officer, 1 Army, France, 1918; Commanding Officer, 41 Bn, Machine Gun Corps, Germany, 1919; awarded CMG, 1919; graduated from Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1920; commanded 1 Armoured Car Group, Iraq, 1921-1923; transferred to the Royal Tank Corps, 1923; Lt Col, 1923; Chief Instructor, Royal Tank Corps Central Schools, 1923-1925; Col, 1925; Inspector, Royal Tank Corps, War Office, 1925-1929; member of the Mechanical Warfare Board, 1926-1929; Aide de Camp to HM King George V, 1928-1934; Brigadier General Staff, Egypt Command, 1929-1932; commanded 7 (Mechanised Experimental) Infantry Bde, Southern Command, 1932-1934; Maj Gen, 1934; General Officer Commanding Presidency and Assam District, India, 1935-1939; awarded CB, 1936; Col Commandant, Royal Tank Regiment, 1938-1947; retired, 1939; re-employed by Army, 1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; General Officer Commanding 9 (Highland) Div, 1939-1940; Deputy Regional Commissioner for South Western Civil Defence Region, 1940-1944; retired from Army, 1944; Commissioner for the British Red Cross and Order of St John, North West Europe, 1944-1946; awarded CBE, 1946; died, 1956. For details of Lindsay's influence in the development of armoured warfare in the British Army, see B H Liddell Hart, The Tanks: the History of the Royal Tank Regiment (Cassell, London, 1959; Praeger, New York, 1959). Publication: The war on the civil and military fronts. (The Lees Knowles Lectures on Military History 1942) (University Press, Cambridge, 1942).
James Ludovic Lindsay was educated at Eton and Trinity College Cambridge before entering the Grendier Guards. He served as MP for Wigan from 1874 until 1880, when he entered the House of Lords on his father's death. Lord Crawford was a keen astronomer and bibliophile, maintaining an observatory in Scotland and a extensive library at the family seat of Haigh Hall, near Wigan. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and, at various times, President of the Royal Astronomical Society, the Royal Philatelic Society, the Royal Photographic Society and the Camden Society.
No information could be found at the time of compilation.
WS Lindsay began his career in the merchant navy in which he served from 1831-40, becoming master in 1836. From 1841-45 Lindsay was an agent of Castle Eden colliery in nearby Hartlepool and also acted as representative for the sale of iron in Newcastle-upon-Tyne for his brother-in-law, a Glasgow ironmaster. He moved to London in 1845 to act as Castle Eden colliery agent there. Using his knowledge of ships he set himself up as a shipbroker, and within a few years his firm was a leading concern with agencies in Sunderland and Liverpool and contacts with American trade. He then became a ship owner and his willingness to experiment with different types of ship enabled him to overcome a depression in shipping and WS Lindsay and Co became one of the world's major ship-owners.
Lindsay took a close interest in public affairs. In Hartlepool he was active in reform measures, and in London concentrated on maritime and commercial reform. He became an expert on shipping issues and entered national politics through his interest in the repeal of the Navigation Acts. Having failed to gain a seat in the House of Commons in 1852, he was elected for Tynemouth and North Shields in 1854. In 1859 he left this seat and was elected for Sunderland, where he sat until 1865. Though a Liberal he was highly critical of the Aberdeen and the Palmerston ministries, considering that they lacked energy for reform and the business and technical knowledge required to advance British commerce. Throughout his parliamentary career, he strongly advocated maritime reform, both mercantile and naval, and the removal of restrictions on free trade. He became involved with the Administrative Reform Association in 1855, being particularly concerned with what he regarded as the government's inept handling of the Crimean War. He made many enemies, and won some respect, because of his outspoken manner and his severe criticism of others' incompetence. During the American Civil War Lindsay supported the Confederate cause in Britain, trying to win recognition of the Confederate states in Parliament, arranging a loan to the Confederacy and sheltering the families of the Confederate commissioners involved in the 'TRENT affair' in his own home at Shepperton.
In 1864 Lindsay suffered a stroke and withdrew from public life. Thereafter he devoted himself to writing. His great work was the History of Merchant Shipping and Ancient Commerce (London 1874-1876), but he wrote several other books including Our Navigation and Mercantile Marine Laws (London 1852), Our Merchant Shipping: its present state considered (London 1860) and Manning the Royal Navy and Mercantile Marine (London 1877). He also took an interest in planning and developing his estates which included the manor of Halliford, the Donny House at Weybridge, the estate at Woodham, lands and farms in Hailsham and Chertsey and his residence, the manor at Shepperton in Middlesex, the Lordship of which he acquired. Here he was visited by government ministers and other public figures, who sought his advice on shipping matters and he continued a voluminous correspondence with such men until his death in 1877.
Lindsay, Greenfield and Masons were solicitors of 6-8 Clements Lane.
Mrs Ling was originally from Guangzhou City, China. In 1953, after attending school in Guangzhou, Mrs Ling left China to travel to the UK in order to join her husband who had arrived a few years earlier. She moved in with her in-laws, who owned a small laundrette in Birkenhead, near Liverpool.
In 1954, the Lings closed down the laundrette, opening a small restaurant instead. The restaurant traded for about 5-6 years.
Mrs Ling now lives in Kent.
Born 1915; Clerk for local government, Shrewsbury, 1930-1937; Assistant to Air Raid Precautions Controller, Shropshire, 1937-1940; engaged in civil defence activities, Shrewsbury, May 1940; service in Special Operations Executive (SOE); Palestine [1942]; parachuted into Greece as part of the Allied Military Mission to Greece, 1943; Liaison Officer commanding sub area of Grevena aerodrome, Greece 1943-1944; parachuted into enemy territory in Italy as part of Operation GELA BLUE (political and military liaison mission to the Italian partisans in Vittorio Veneto, including the Nino Nannetti Garibaldini Division, led by Col Francesco Pesce 'Milo', Mar-Apr 1945; engaged in establishing Allied Military Government in North East Italy, 1945-1946; Local Military Governor of Riva Zone, Trent, under American 5 Army, Jun 1945; on closure of zone controls transferred to Venice Region Headquarters, Padua and later to Milan to organise transport. Decorated by Italian Ministry of War, 30 Sep 1945, died 1974.
Descriptions of Greek resistance groups (Greek: andartes) related to this collection:
AAI: The National Liberation Front (Greek: Ethniko Apeleftherotiko Metopo) led by Georges Siados was a Communist group affiliated with the KKE - the Communist Party of Greece (Greek: Kommounistiko Komma Elladas).
The military arm of EAM was ELAS, The National People's Liberation Army, (Greek: Ethnikos Laikos Apeleftherotikos Stratos), led by Ares Velouchiotis (real name Athanasios (Thanasis) Klaras).
EDES: The National Republican Greek League (Greek: Ethnikos Demokratikos Ellenikos Syndesmos), was an anti-Communist, Republican group, led by political leader Nikolaos Plasteras and military leader Gen Napoleon Zervas.
EKKA: National and Social Liberation (Greek: Ethnike kai Koinonike Apeleftherosis) led by Demetrios Psarros was a liberal, anti-Communist, Republican group.
According to an advert in the Times newspaper of November 1st 1948, Lings of London Limited were a "West End wine merchant" based at "5 Avery Row, Brook Street, London, W1".
Born London, 1902; educated at the City of London School; read chemistry at Imperial College, London and graduated, 1923; awarded PhD, 1926; Demonstrator and Lecturer in Organic Chemistry, 1929-1938; Firth Professor of Chemistry at Sheffield University, 1938; Chair of Organic Chemistry at Harvard University, 1939-1945; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1940; Deputy Director of Scientific Research in the Ministry of Supply, UK, 1942; Director of the Chemical Research Laboratory of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research at Teddington, 1945; Professor of Organic Chemistry, Imperial College, 1949; Rector of Imperial College, 1955-1966; Knighted, 1959; Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society, 1960-1965; died, 1966.
Publications: A Course in Modern Techniques of Organic Chemistry with J A Elvidge and Margaret Whalley (Butterworths Scientific Publications, London, 1955); Chemistry and the Amenities of Life; The Future of the Imperial College, etc [London, 1955]; A Guide to Qualitative Organic Chemical Analysis with Basil Charles Leicester Weedon (Butterworths Scientific Publications, London, 1956).
Born, 12 July 1906; Educated at Haberdashers' Aske's School; King's College London, BSc (Geography), 1927, MSc, 1930; DSc 1945; Demonstrator in Geography and Geology, University of London, 1927-1929; Lecturer in Geography, University of Edinburgh, 1929-1945; served in the RAF (Photographic Intelligence), 1940-1945; Professor of Geography, University of Sheffield, 1945-1958; DSc, 1955; Professor of Geography, University of Birmingham, from 1958; William Evans Visiting Professor, University of Otago, 1959; Honorary Editor of Geography, the Quarterly Journal of the Geographical Association, 1945-1965; President of the Institute of British Geographers, 1962, and of the Geographical Association, 1964; Fellow of King's College London (FKC), 1971; received the Murchison Award, Royal Geographical Society, 1943; died 11 April 1971.
Publications: Structure, Surface and Drainage in South-East England with Sidney William Wooldridge (London, 1939); Peeblesshire and Selkirkshire with Catherine Park Snodgrass, (1946); Discovery, Education and Research (Sheffield, 1948); Structure, Surface and Drainage in South-East England with Sidney William Wooldridge (George Philip & Son, London Geographical Institute, London, 1955); editor of Sheffield and its Region. A scientific and historical survey (Local Executive Committee, Sheffield, 1956).
This company of Africa merchants had premises at 5 New City Chambers, Bishopsgate. It was associated with River Gambia Trading Company Limited and William Goddard and Company.
The firm was established as printers, publishers and proprietors of The Perfumery and Essential Oil Record.
Lord Lipsey was born in London in 1948 and educated at Bryanston School and Magdalen College, Oxford. He worked as a journalist becoming a politcial advisor to Anthony Crosland 1972-1977 and a member of the Number 10 political staff 1977-1979. His work in journalism includes Economics Editor Sunday Times (1982-1986), Editor New Society (1986-1988), Co-Founder and Deputy Editor Sunday Correspondent (1988-1990), Associate Editor The Times (1990-1992), Political Editor the Economist (1994-). In the House of Lords he is Chair of Make Votes Count. Lord Lipsey served on the Jenkins Committee on Electoral Reform, the Royal Commission on the Long Term Care of the Elderly and the Davies Panel on the BBC license fee.
Born 16 May 1931; educated University of Birmingham; House Physician and House Surgeon, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, 1956-1957; Medical Officer, Wheatley Military Hospital, 1957-1959; Registrar, United Oxford Hospitals, 1959-1960; Registrar, later Senior Registrar, Maudsley Hospital, London, 1960-1966; Consultant in Psychological Medicine, National Hospital and Maida Vale Hospital, London, 1966-1967; Senior Lecturer in Psychological Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital and Royal Postgraduate Medical School, 1967-1969; Consultant Psychiatrist, Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospitals, 1967-1974; Reader in Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, 1974-1979; Professor of Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, 1979-1993; Visiting Fellow, Green College, Oxford, 1983; Advisor to Bermuda Hospitals Board, 1971; Scientific Advisor, Department of Health and Social Security, 1979-1982; Civilian Consultant, Royal Air Force, 1987-1993; retired 1993. Author of physiology and psychology papers on brain maturation, cerebral dominance, organisation of memory; clinical papers on head injury, dementia, epilepsy, neuroimaging, and alcoholic brain damage.
Publications: Organic Psychiatry: the psychological consequences of cerebral disorder (1st edition 1978, 2nd edition 1987, 3rd edition 1997). Lishman was approached by Blackwells Scientific Publications and encouraged by Sir Aubrey Lewis, Chair of Psychiatry at the Institute of Phychiatry to write a textbook on the organic basis to mental disease. The result was Organic Psychiatry, a seminal text in the fields of neurology and psychiatry. At the time of writing it is still widely used in the teaching of medicine and is part of the Neuropsychiatry training pack.
Karel Lisicky served in the Czechoslovak diplomatic service from its foundation in 1918 when Czechoslovakia gained her independence. He served in the Czechoslovak embassy in Paris, 1918-1926 and in Warsaw 1927-1931. From 1932 until 1936 he was part of the Czechoslovak delegation to the League of Nations. In 1936 he was appointed Counsellor of the Czechoslovak embassy in London. He remained in this position throughout the Munich crisis and World War Two, during which time Czechoslovakia was under German occupation and the Czechoslovak Government in exile was based in London. After the end of the war and the restoration of Czechoslovak independence Lisicky was posted to the Czechoslovak delegation to the United Nations where he was on a number of committees. Most notably he was chairman of the United Nations Palestine Commission which was set up to partion Palestine in 1948. Later in 1948 Lisicky resigned from the diplomatic service after the Communists took power in Czechoslovakia. He spent the remainder of his life in exile in Britain.
On the fly-leaf of the first volume 'Anne Lisle 1748'. She is perhaps the Ann Cary daughter of Nicholas Cary of Upcern, Dorset, who married Charles Lisle [ -1777] of Wodyton and Moyles Court.
Lister entered the Navy in 1916. He qualified in engineering as a lieutenant in 1924, was Commander (E) in the Newcastle, 1943 to 1945, and served in the Engineer-in-Chief's department, 1946 to 1949. Lister had become Captain (E) in 1946 and in 1950 joined the Mechanical Training and Repair Establishment at Portsmouth where he remained until his retirement in 1953.
Born 1827; educated University of London, MB, 1852; Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (FRCS), 1852; moved to Edinburgh 1853; Chair of Clinical Surgery at University of Glasgow, 1860-1869 where he developed antiseptic surgery by using carbolic acid as the antiseptic agent and heat sterilization of instruments; also developed absorbable ligatures and the drainage tube; Fellow of Royal Society, 1860; Chair of Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, 1869-1877; Chair of Clinical Surgery, King's College, London, 1877-1892; Surgeon in Ordinary to Queen Victoria, 1878; Honorary Doctorate, University of Cambridge and Honorary Doctorate, University of Oxford, 1880; Boudet Prize, 1881; Baronetcy of Lyme Regis, 1883; retired 1893, Foreign Secretary, Royal Society, 1893; President of the Royal Society, 1894-1900; President, British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1896; Order of Merit, 1902, died 1912.
Born 1827; educated University of London, MB, 1852; Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (FRCS), 1852; moved to Edinburgh 1853; Chair of Clinical Surgery at University of Glasgow, 1860-1869 where he developed antiseptic surgery by using carbolic acid as the antiseptic agent and heat sterilization of instruments; also developed absorbable ligatures and the drainage tube; Fellow of Royal Society, 1860; Chair of Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, 1869-1877; Chair of Clinical Surgery, King's College, London, 1877-1892; Surgeon in Ordinary to Queen Victoria, 1878; Honorary Doctorate, University of Cambridge and Honorary Doctorate, University of Oxford, 1880; Boudet Prize, 1881; Baronetcy of Lyme Regis, 1883; retired 1893, Foreign Secretary, Royal Society, 1893; President of the Royal Society, 1894-1900; President, British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1896; Order of Merit, 1902, died 1912.
Born in Upton, Essex, 1827; educated at London's University College Hospital, graduating with B.A. and M.B. in 1852; Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, 1852; moved to Edinburgh to build on his surgical experience, 1853; elected to vacancies at the Royal Infirmary and at the Royal College of Surgeons; Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh, 1855; Professor of Surgery at Glasgow University and a surgeon at the city's Royal Infirmary, 1860; Regius Professor of Surgery at Edinburgh University, 1869; Professor of Surgery at King's College, London, 1877; famous for his work on antiseptics in surgery, continuing the research of Louis Pasteur on air-borne organisms. He realised that some organisms could cause post-operative wound infections such as tetanus, blood-poisoning, and gangrene. He countered this by using carbolic acid soaked in lint or calico around the wound and replaced slow-to-absorb silk stitching with cat-gut stitching which absorbed the carbolic acid more easily. He also experimented with gauze swabs and a disinfectant spray for operating theatres; appointed Serjeant-Surgeon to Queen Victoria, 1878; created a Baron, 1897; died, 1912.
Publications include: Amputation. Anæsthetics (1860); Introductory Lectures delivered in the University of Edinburgh (Edinburgh, 1869); Observations on ligatures of arteries on the antiseptic system. From the Lancet, April 3, 1869 (Edmonton & Douglas: Edinburgh, 1869); On the effects of the Antiseptic System of Treatment upon the salubrity of a Surgical Hospital (Edinburgh, 1870); New Designs in plans for the internal arrangement of Back to Back Houses (Leeds, 1907); The third Huxley lecture. delivered before the Medical School of Charing Cross Hospital (1907); The Collected Papers of Joseph, Baron Lister. [With plates.] 2 vol. (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1909); Six papers by Lord Lister (London, 1921); Eight Letters ... to William Sharpey Reprinted from The British Journal of Surgery (J Wright & Sons, Bristol, 1933); A List of the Original Writings of Joseph Lord Lister, O.M. William Richard Lefanu (E & S Livingstone, Edinburgh & London, 1965).
Joseph Jackson Lister was a wine merchant and amateur British opticist and physicist and the father of Joseph Lister. He carried out the research in the design of lenses that transformed the microscope.
In 1891 the British Institute for Preventive Medicine (BIPM) was incorporated. In 1893 the BIPM amalgamated with the College of State Medicine. In 1898 Lord Lister became Chairman of the Governing Body of the BIPM. In 1899 the BIPM became the Jenner Institute of Preventive Medicine. In 1903 the Institute became the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine (LIPM). From 1904-1911 Lord Lister was President of LIPM. In 1905 LIPM became a school of the University of London. In 1912 Lord Lister died. In 1919 the National Collection of Type Cultures was established at LIPM. In 1944 the Medical Research Council Blood Research Unit was established at LIPM. In the 1970s the LIPM laboratories for conducting research, and producing vaccine and sera, were closed. In 1981 the LIPM became a grantmaking body. A Scientific Advisory Committee was set up to consider applications to provide support for research in biomedical sciences. In 1982 the Council disbanded and the Memorandum and Articles of Association were amended.
Lister, Beck and Company were wine merchants of 5 Tokenhouse Yard.
Robert Liston (1794-1847) was Professor of Clinical Surgery at University College London. His brother David Liston (1800-1881) was Professor of Oriental Languages at Edinburgh. Henry Liston (1857-1900), LRCP, LRCS, was a medical man and the son of David Liston.
William Alexander Liston (1908-1962), MC, BA (Cantab), MB, ChB (Edin) 1933, MRCP Ed 1936 (F 1946), FRCS Ed 1937, MRCOG 1937 (F 1950) was born in Bombay and educated at Edinburgh, Oundle and Cambridge University, qualifying in medicine at Edinburgh in 1933. He later passed the examination for the higher diplomas of all three Royal Colleges. After war service he became a consultant at the Edinburgh Royal infirmary and also worked at the Edinburgh Medical school and for the Edinburgh Obstetrical Society. William Glen Liston, his son, worked with him in his research.
Hans Litten, the son of a Jewish father and a protestant mother was born in 1903 in Halle an der Saale. Despite his interest in art and music, he commenced his studies in law at the beginning of the 1920s. In 1928, having qualified, he began his career as a lawyer in Berlin. He worked closely with Ludwig Barbasch, lawyer for the 'Rote Hilfe', legal support group for the German Communist Party.
Litten became renowned for his defence of workers in the infamous 1931 'Edelpalast' trial, in which he sought to demonstrate how the deaths and injuries which occurred as the result of a group of Nazi stormtroopers attacking a gathering of workers, was the result of a deliberate policy of violence. He called Hitler as a witness in this trial.
On the night of 28 February 1933 he was one of the first to be arrested in a purge of political undesirables in the aftermath of the Reichstag fire. He was imprisoned in the following prisons and concentration camps: an SA Kaserne in Moabit, Sonnenberg, Esterwege, Lichtenburg, Buchenwald and Dachau. During this period he was tortured and he made several suicide attempts, finally succeeding on 5 February 1938 whilst in Dachau.
Throughout the period of his incarceration, his mother, Irmgard Litten, made every effort to get him released, writing to the Gestapo, the commandant of various camps, Göring, Hess all to no avail.
The church was formed in Little St Helens in c 1672 as a Presbyterian meeting house. The congregation was dissolved in 1790 after a serious decline, whereupon the building was used for a succession of independent churches. The last of these was dissolved in about 1795, and the buildings taken down in 1799. It was known successively as Three Cranes Church, Thames Street, and Mr Pike's Church (so called after Samuel Pike, pastor 1747-1765).
The Globe Insurance Company was established in 1803 for the business of fire and life insurance in premises at Cornhill and Pall Mall. In 1864, it merged with Liverpool and London Fire and Life Insurance Company and the new company was named Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company with London offices in Cornhill and 20-21 Poultry.
The Liverpool and London Fire and Life Insurance Company had been formed by an amalgamation in 1846 of the Liverpool Fire and Life Insurance Company (established in 1836 at 8 Water Street, Liverpool, for the purpose of fire and life insurance in the United Kingdom, North America and overseas) and London Edinburgh and Dublin Life Insurance Company (instituted in 1839) of 3 Charlotte Row, Mansion House and Chancery Lane. The company had moved into the Poultry premises in 1850.
In 1919, Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company became a subsidiary of Royal Insurance Company.
This company was established in 1885 for the business of plate glass insurance in the United Kingdom. Its offices were at 14 Great Winchester Street.
Established as the Liverpool Protective Burial Society. It was taken over by the Liverpool Victoria Friendly Society in 1903.
The Liverpool Street Station Campaign (LISSCA) was formed in 1974 and campaigned for conservationist redevelopment at Liverpool Street Station, in opposition to British Rail's proposals to demolish all the buildings and replace them with a new development. Along with public meetings, petitions and publications, the Campaign also prepared alternative schemes for the rationalisation and expansion of Liverpool Street Station, while maintaining the complex of historic Victorian railway buildings. The Campaign's president was Sir John Betjeman, with Vice-Presidents including Spike Milligan, Patrick Cormack and Andrew Faulds.
The first recorded meeting of the Liverpool Independent Legal Victoria Burial Society took place on 3 March 1843. From as early as 1845, the Society did not confine its activities to the city of Liverpool, and in 1845 collectors were established in Runcorn, Chester, Warrington, Ormskirk and Northwich. By 1863, its operations had extended to Scotland, Ireland and Wales, and in England as far north as Newcastle and as far west as Plymouth, with outposts in London.
Under the National Insurance Act of 1911 a system of compulsory health insurance for the working-class was established, to be administered by "approved societies". In 1912 the Liverpool Victoria Approved Society was constituted. By the end of that year it had over 350,000 members and later became one of the largest and most successful of the Approved Societies.
The first recorded meeting of the Liverpool Independent Legal Victoria Burial Society took place on 3 March 1843. From as early as 1845, the Society did not confine its activities to the city of Liverpool, and in 1845 collectors were established in Runcorn, Chester, Warrington, Ormskirk and Northwich. By 1863, its operations had extended to Scotland, Ireland and Wales, and in England as far north as Newcastle and as far west as Plymouth, with outposts in London. Prior to the Friendly Societies Act of 1875, the society was governed by a committee of management (general committee) and a sub-committee. The decisions of the sub-committee, which met weekly, were ratified at the quarterly meetings of the management committee. From 1875, Liverpool Victoria was governed by a single body called the committee of management or general committee which consisted of two officers, eight district managers or agents and ten employees. In 1906 it was proposed that the society should be converted to a limited liability company. This move was opposed by some members, who formed a Members' Defence Committee, and published a number of anti-conversion leaflets. The dispute was put to external arbitration, which decided that although the conversion could not take place, the society could form a subsidiary to promote its interests. As a result, the Liverpool Victoria Insurance Corporation was established in 1907.
Under the National Insurance Act of 1911 a system of compulsory health insurance for the working-class was established, to be administered by "approved societies". In 1912 the Liverpool Victoria Approved Society was constituted. By the end of that year it had over 350,000 members and later became one of the largest and most successful of the Approved Societies. Between 1843 and 1861 the society was known variably as the Liverpool Victoria Burial Society, Victoria Legal Burial Society or Liverpool Victoria Legal Burial Society. From about 1861, it was called the Liverpool Victoria Legal Friendly Society. In 1918 the name was changed to the Liverpool Victoria Friendly Society.
The society was based in Liverpool at 37 Blake Street (1843-51), 49 Great Newton Street (1851-67), 32 Great Newton Street (1868), 23 Islington (1870-80) and 144 Islington (1881-5). In 1885 the society moved its chief office to London and was based at 18 St Andrew Street (1885-1926), "Victoria House", Southampton Row (1926-97). In around 1998 the chief office was moved to County Gates in Bournemouth.
This company was established in 1907 in premises at 46A Holborn Viaduct for life, fire and accident insurance. It became a subsidiary of Commercial Union in 1913.
The Committee consisted of representatives of the City Corporation and the livery companies. They met to discuss the promotion of technical education; which was vocationally oriented training held at junior and senior technical institutes. The encouragement of such education was thought vital to provide a skilled workforce and support the economy.
No information available at present.
Born, 1813; employed in a mill as a 'piecer', 1823; became involved with the London Missionary Society in 1838 and undertook a probationary year of scriptural studies to a clergyman in Chipping Ongar, Essex; moved to London for lectures on anatomy and medicine, 1840; licentiate of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, 1840; ordained, Nov 1840; missionary in South Africa, 1841-1852; discovered Lake Ngami, 1849; crossing of Africa, 1852-1856; returned to Britain, 1856-1858; Royal Geographical Society gold medal, 1856; fellow of the Royal Society, 1858; Zambezi expedition, 1858-1864; in Britain, 1864-1865; returned to Africa for further expeditions, 1866-1873; died, 1873.
David Livingstone: born in Blantyre, Lanarkshire, Scotland, 1813; his surname was originally spelt Livingston; aged ten, began work in a local cotton mill, but attended its school in the evenings; achieved university entrance qualifications and attended the Andersonian Medical School, Glasgow, supporting himself by working in the mill for part of the year; studied at the Theological Academy, Glasgow; accepted for service by the London Missionary Society (LMS); went to London for theological training and continued his medical studies there, 1838; returned to Glasgow to take his final medical exams; licentiate of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow University, 1840; appointed LMS missionary to Bechuanaland; ordained at Albion Chapel, London, and sailed for South Africa, 1840; arrived in Cape Town and travelled to Kuruman, Bechuanaland, 1841; served for a time under the LMS missionary Robert Moffat among the Tswana and became fluent in their language; married Moffat's daughter Mary, 1844; made various journeys in southern Africa and became determined to evangelise to the peoples living beyond white-dominated southern Africa, 1840s; his party was the first group of Europeans to see Lake Ngami, 1849; sent his family back to Scotland, 1852; travelled north to Zambia, walking with Kololo companions west to Luanda on the coast of Angola and subsequently walking across Africa to Mozambique, 1852-1856; LLD, University of Glasgow, 1854; awarded the Queen's Gold Medal by the Royal Geographical Society, 1855; saw the Victoria Falls, 1855; hailed a hero on his return to Britain, 1856; DCL, University of Oxford, 1856; retired from the LMS, 1857; elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, 1858; undertook a government-backed expedition to the lands of the Zambezi River and Lake Malawi, 1858-1864; the Royal Geographical Society sent him back to Africa to explore the headwaters of the Nile, Congo, and Zambezi Rivers with his Kololo companions, 1866; his whereabouts were often unknown for months at a time in Europe; he became increasingly concerned by the devastation the slave trade was spreading in the region; he was located by H M Stanley of the New York Herald at Ujiji and greeted with the famous words 'Dr Livingstone, I presume?', 1871; died at Chitambo's village, Zambia, 1873; his heart was buried there by his African companions, who carried his mummified body to Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), from where it was returned to Westminster Abbey for burial, 1874. Publications: Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa (1857); Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi and its Tributaries (1865).
Mary Livingstone: born in Griquatown, South Africa, 1821; eldest child of the LMS missionary Robert Moffat and his wife Mary (née Smith); spent five years at Salem School in the eastern Cape Colony; teacher training at Cape Town; lived in Britain with her parents, but found life there uncongenial, 1839-1843; taught at the school at Kuruman in Griqualand, 1843-1845; married David Livingstone, 1844; worked with him in his missionary work; with their children, accompanied him on his two journeys to the north, 1850-1851; following her parents' insistence that she should not accompany him on his exploration of the Zambezi Valley, she spent four unhappy years in Britain; following her husband's return (1856) she spent two more years in Britain; insisted on joining him on the next Zambezi expedition and returned to Africa, 1861; died at Shupanga on the Zambezi River, 1862.
John Lizars Lizars was a Student in Anatomy at the Royal College of Surgeons of England from 1853-1855. No other biographical information is available.
Henry Robert Silvester was born in 1829. He was a Student in Human and Comparative Anatomy at the Royal College of Surgeons of England from 1855-1856. He attended King's College London and became a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1853. He became Doctor of Medicine in 1855, from the University of London. He worked as an associate at King's College and as consulting physician to the Clapham General Dispensary. He was Medical Assistant to the Royal Humane Society and received the golden Fothergill medal in 1883. Silvester invented hypodermic inflation, a method for making men and animals unsinkable.
The company was constituted in 1852. The business of the company was to mine and market slate or any other minerals from Llantysilio, Denbigh, Wales.
One of the directors was Charles Bischoff, solicitor, of 19 Coleman Street.