Showing 15887 results

The Association was founded in 1904 on the amalgamation of the Drovers' Benevolent Institution (founded in 1844) and the London Meat Traders' Benevolent Association (founded 1902). Until 1924 aid was restricted to drovers or persons of the London meat trade who had contributed to the funds. In 1924 and 1928 the rules were changed to cover any member of the meat trade. The aim was then to assist aged, sick and poor persons who had worked in any capacity in the meat trade. Increasingly this took the form of help with the costs of nursing homes. The former Drovers' almshouses at Islington were increasingly rented out to the benefit of the Charity. In 1950 the Association invested £3000 into the new retirement home in Warham Grange, Croydon,which gave them the right to nominate four individuals for the home.

The Association used either Butchers' Hall or Clifford's Inn for its meetings. In 1986 it merged with the Butchers' Charitable Institution to form the Butchers' and Drovers' Charitable Institution.

The London Municipal Society was founded in 1894 to promote the interests of the Conservative party in London local politics and to press for structural and financial reform of the London County Council. Closely associated with the ratepayers movement, it fought local elections before 1945 first as the Moderate and later (from 1906) as the Municipal Reform Party. It was dissolved in 1963 on the eve of the reform of London local government and the closer involvement of Conservative central office in London local politics.

The Society had offices at the following addresses, all in Westminster: 16 George Street, 1894-1902; 11 Tothill Street, 1902-11; 33 Tothill Street, 1911-13; 2 Bridge Street, 1913-17; 1 Sanctuary Buildings, Great Smith Street, 1917-21; Palace Chambers, Bridge Street, 1922-7 and 1932-63; and 25 Victoria Street, 1927-32.

For a history of the Society see Local Politics and the Rise of Party by Ken Young (Leicester University Press, 1975).

The London Oil and Tallow Trades Association was formed in 1910, by members of the trade, to protect and promote their interests, for example by the imposition of uniform contracts and the settlement of disputes by arbitration. Initially based at 6 Crosby Square, it moved to 50/1 Lime Street (1921-3), 84 Leadenhall Street (1924-58), 5/7 Houndsditch (1959-67) and 24 St. Mary Axe (in 1968). From 1923, it employed the services of United Associations Ltd (CLC/B/103-12).

Pinewood Sanatorium was opened in 1901 as the London Open Air Sanatorium by the National Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis. It was situated in a pine forest near Wokingham in Berkshire. Pine trees were believed to be beneficial for sufferers of tuberculosis.

The Metropolitan Asylums Board were sanctioned to treat tuberculosis patients by the Public Health (Prevention and Treatment of Disease) Act, 1913 (3 and 4 Geo.V c.23). In 1919 they purchased the institution and renamed it Pinewood Sanatorium. In 1929 the London County Council took over the Metropolitan Asylums Board and the Sanatorium became a Special Hospital under their Public Health Department. It was used as a hospital for servicemen during the Second World War, although it continued to take some civilian patients.

The registers show that the last patient was discharged on 20 January 1966 and a subsequent note states "Pinewood Closed". The site was put to various uses, including filming of television shows, and is now a leisure centre run by Wokingham Without Parish Council.

The London Orphan Asylum was founded in 1813 by Congregationalist minister Andrew Reed. In 1820 land was purchased in Clapton, off Lower Clapton Road, and a purpose built orphanage erected by 1825. In 1871 the orphanage was moved to Watford.

The company's first meeting took place in July 1837 at the premises of Leeks and Wills, solicitors of No 2 Charlotte Row, Mansion House. London trade directories show the company to have based their "central station" at No 10 Pickett Street in 1838, and from 1839-1919 at 12 Rolls Buildings, Fetter Lane. In addition the company had a number of branch offices including Fenchurch Buildings, Aldermanbury, Paddington, Deptford and Chelsea.

The company, registered with the London Stock Exchange from June 1863, was taken over in 1912 by Carter, Paterson and Company Limited (carriers and general forwarding agents of 128 Goswell Road, London). Its premises for 1919-20 are listed in the Stock Exchange Year Books as 265 High Holborn, and from 1921 until 1934 (when the company was wound up) as 128 Goswell Road.

The London Parents Ballot Campaign (LPBC) was set up as a sub-committee of the Parents Central Consultative Committee of the Inner London Education Authority (ILEA), which represented the 3,000 or so elected Parent Governors of ILEA schools. It was run by Thomas Gretton (Chair), Corinne Julius (Secretary) and Diana Simpson (Treasurer), along with scores of volunteers. The Campaign was intended to ask the opinion of parents about the transfer of responsibility for education services from the ILEA to local authorities. The abolition of the ILEA was included in the 1988 Education Reform Bill, but had not been mentioned in any of the consultation documents. The LPBC was an attempt to canvass the views of parents before the Bill passed to the House of Lords. An initial press conference announcing the campaign was held on the 8 February 1988, and the Ballot took place in the last two weeks of March. The Campaign was funded through voluntary contributions from parents, businesses, unions and London boroughs; as well as fundraising events, culminating in a gala performance at the Albery Theatre. The ballot was supervised by the Electoral Reform Society, and provided one vote for each of the 280,000 children in London schools. It closed on the 31st of March, and revealed a 55 per cent return and a 94 per cent vote against the government's ILEA abolition proposals. The ILEA was abolished in March 1990.

Please contact the Archive for further information.

Please contact the Archive for further information.

In 1929 the London County Council tramways, the Underground railways and the London General Omnibus Company proposed to coordinate their services. It was not until 1933, however, that the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) was established by law.

During the Second World War the government assumed control of the LPTB, and remained in charge until 1947. In that year the Transport Act set up the British Transport Commission, which appointed executive bodies to deal with transport throughout the country. One of these took over the whole of road and rail transport in London, while the LPTB became the London Transport Executive in 1948.

Between 1970 and 1984 the Greater London Council (GLC) was responsible for the overall policy and finances of London Transport, while the London Tranport Executive was responsible for the day-to-day management and operation of services. On the abolition of the GLC in 1984, London Regional Transport was formed as a statutory corporation responsible to the government. It set up a number of wholly owned subsidiaries, including London Underground Limited and London Buses Limited. In 1990 London Regional Transport became known again as London Transport for all but legal purposes.

In 1929 the London County Council tramways, the Underground railways and the London General Omnibus Company proposed to coordinate their services. It was not until 1933, however, that the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) was established by law.

During the Second World War the government assumed control of the LPTB, and remained in charge until 1947. In that year the Transport Act set up the British Transport Commission, which appointed executive bodies to deal with transport throughout the country. One of these took over the whole of road and rail transport in London, while the LPTB became the London Transport Executive in 1948.

In 1929 the London County Council tramways, the Underground railways and the London General Omnibus Company proposed to coordinate their services. It was not until 1933, however, that the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) was established by law.

During the Second World War the government assumed control of the LPTB, and remained in charge until 1947. In that year the Transport Act set up the British Transport Commission, which appointed executive bodies to deal with transport throughout the country. One of these took over the whole of road and rail transport in London, while the LPTB became the London Transport Executive in 1948.

Between 1970 and 1984 the Greater London Council (GLC) was responsible for the overall policy and finances of London Transport, while the London Tranport Executive was responsible for the day-to-day management and operation of services. On the abolition of the GLC in 1984, London Regional Transport was formed as a statutory corporation responsible to the government. It set up a number of wholly owned subsidiaries, including London Underground Limited and London Buses Limited. In 1990 London Regional Transport became known again as London Transport for all but legal purposes.

The Association was formed in 1872 and its members met weekly in the City, most often at 8 Queen Street, Cheapside. It became the London district branch of the National Phonographic Society in 1894. In 1898 this body became the Incorporated Phonographic Society, a society still in existence.

The London Poor Clergy Holiday Fund was founded in 1876 by Archbishop MacLagan when he was Vicar of Kensington, to enable the poorer clergy of the Diocese of London to have a holiday outside London. The Fund was administered by the Archdeacons of the Diocese. Each application was considered on its merits by one of the Archdeacons. Usually the grant was for a summer holiday, but occasionally could be for convalescence after illness during the winter months. Block grants were made to the Dioceses of Southwark and Chelmsford (London-over-the-Border). The Bishops of these Dioceses were responsible for the details of administration. For a short account of the work of the fund compiled c 1930, see Ms 24925.

In 1938, during the lead up to the Second World war, the Ministry of Food set up a Cereals Advisory (Defence) Committee to make arrangements for government control over the supply and distribution of cereals and cereal products. It subsequently became known as the Cereals Control Board, 1939-1940, and was subsumed into the Ministry of Food's Cereals Division from 1940. In 1939, port area grain committees were established in all major British ports under the aegis of the Cereals Control Board, the largest of which was the London Port Area Grain Committee, based at the offices of the London Corn Trade Association (CLC/B/103-08).These committees were authorised to requistion existing stocks in public stores and to make arrangements for the reception, discharge, storage and distribution of subsequent grain imports. They remained in control of imported cereals and animal feeding stuffs until 1953.

The London Positivist Society was established in 1867 by Richard Congreve. The Society appears to have concerned itself mainly with the application of positivism to political events. It produced pamphlets and wrote letters to the press protesting against such issues as the Irish Coercion Bill, the war in the Transvaal, the Empire in India, and religious tolerance. Its members also engaged in a series of public lectures to explain positivism to the general public, petitioned parliament, and attended conferences and meetings of positivists from around the world. The Society was renamed the English Positivist Committee in 1934.

The International Wool Secretariat (IWS) was founded in 1937 and promoted the use and export of Australian wool, working with textile companies, designers and retailers. The International Wool Secretariat soon began special export promotions to the USA and South Africa, and during the 1940s and 1950s offices were established in several European countries, Canada and Japan. In 1964 the International Wool Secretariat began to use their Woolmark logo and continued to expand in size and profit, branching out into new areas such as knitwear, including menswear and womenswear, and carpets. In 1994 the activities of the International Wool Secretariat were merged with those of the Australian Wool Research and Promotion Organisation (AWRAP), and operated as one organisation under the control of AWRAP. In 1997 the International Wool Secretariat became the Woolmark Company, specialising in textile innovation and technical research, and the London office was closed as Woolmark moved its operations and headquarters to Melbourne, Australia.

The company's offices were successively at 49-51 Eastcheap and 21 Mincing Lane.

No further information available.

The London Provident Institution was a savings bank, of Bishopsgate Churchyard (1816-32), 1-3 Blomfield Street (1833-99) and 119 Middlesex Street, Stepney (1900-17).

The London Provincial Assembly was the governing synod of London's Presbyterians. The first meeting was held in May 1647. Between 1647 and 1659 meetings were held at Sion College. The last meeting was held in August 1660.

Pupil Teachers were employed by the School Board for London as a means of providing more teaching than would otherwise have been given by the small number of fully trained teachers. Pupil Teachers did receive some training.

The office of Justice of the Peace dates from the fourteenth century, when their Commission of the Peace gave them the power to enquire into "all manner of poisonings, enchantments, forestallings, disturbances and abuses", try offences in their courts of Quarter Sessions and keep the peace in their locality. During the sixteenth century the work of the Quarter Sessions and the Justices was extended to include administrative functions for the county.

The office of Justice of the Peace dates from the fourteenth century, when their Commission of the Peace gave them the power to enquire into "all manner of poisonings, enchantments, forestallings, disturbances and abuses", try offences in their courts of Quarter Sessions and keep the peace in their locality. During the sixteenth century the work of the Quarter Sessions and the Justices was extended to include administrative functions for the county.

The 'Delivery of the King's Gaol of Newgate holden for the County of Middlesex in Justice Hall, Old Bailey' was the senior local criminal court for Middlesex and for the City of London; for Middlesex and City it played the role that the Assizes played in the rest of the country.

From the thirteenth century onwards two commissions were given to the Justices of Assize by the crown so that on their twice yearly visits to the several counties that made up their circuits, they could try people suspected of cases normally heard before the sovereign - serious crimes or felonies. These could include piracy, murder, manslaughter, rape, larceny, robbery, burglary, arson, some forms of assault and certain acts resembling treason.

The two commissions were the Commission of Oyer and Terminer (literally 'to hear and determine' a case); and the Commission of Gaol Delivery which empowered the justices to try, and cause the sheriff (as their technical rather than actual keeper) to bring the prisoners before the court, and (if they were acquitted) to thereby deliver (empty) the county gaol of prisoners. Middlesex and London were different from other counties in that the royal courts were already present within it, so the Assize Judges' duties were given to the Justices of the Peace instead.

Furthermore, because Middlesex 'shared' its sheriff with the City of London, the more serious suspects had to be delivered for trial from 'his' care, in 'his' prison (Newgate) to 'his' adjacent sessions house - the Old Bailey. A suspected criminal from Middlesex would therefore have his case examined by a Grand Jury and the justices under the Commission of Oyer and Terminer in the Clerkenwell Sessions House.

If it was agreed that there was a case to answer, the prisoner and his indictment would then be sent for a trial either at their own Sessions of the Peace in Middlesex, or be transferred to Newgate to await a gaol delivery session. In practice there seems not to have been any uniformity of practice in deciding which cases were heard at which sessions - either justices or prisoner would decide.

A few days before the next gaol delivery session the prisoners were taken to Newgate, through Smithfield. A sessions house for the City of London was first erected in 1539 next to Newgate Gaol. Old Bailey sessions usually met eight times a year - and were held for Middlesex, Westminster and City of London prisoners as separate groups within each session. The judges of the court consisted of the Lord Mayor, one or more chief justices from the higher law courts, a Baron of the Exchequer, the City Recorder, several aldermen, and usually some senior Middlesex justices when Middlesex cases were being tried. Gaol delivery sessions ended in 1834 with the creation of the Central Criminal Court.

London Regional Passengers' Committee (LRPC), official watchdog for transport in the capital, was established by the London Regional Transport Act 1984 and derived duties in relation to national railways under the Railways Act 1993 as amended by the Transport Act 2000. Funded by central government, its role was to investigate complaints, conduct independent research and publish reports on transport issues, maintain a dialogue with transport operators and assess the impact of a proposed station or line closure.

Prior to 1984 it was known as London Transport Passengers Committee (LTPC), a body sponsored by the Greater London Council (GLC). This originated from the Transport Users Consultative Committee for London formed in circa 1950. This initial Committee formed part of a system of national and regional advisory committees set up to represent the public interest upon the creation of the British Transport Commission in 1947.

The LRPC was succeeded by the London Transport Users' Committee (LTUC) (known as London Travelwatch), in 2000 under the Greater London Authority Act 1999. It continued to have a statutory basis in previous Acts of Parliament and therefore while funded by the London Assembly remained separate from the Greater London Authority.

In 2010 the LTUC consisted of 21 members, plus a Chair appointed by the London Assembly (part of the Greater London Authority) usually for either two or four years, with around 25 part and full-time staff.

LTUC powers in representing the interests of transport users in and around London included:

• the duty to consider matters raised with it by or on behalf of the users of transport services in its remit;

• the right to be consulted on a wide range of issues related to transport provision in London;

• the power to refer matters to the Strategic Rail Authority when it is not satisfied with the actions of a train operator;

• the power to determine its own procedures.

The constitution of the National Savings Committee states that its aim was to "educate the public to save for the benefit of the individual and the country". It aimed to achieve this through investments in national savings securities, the post office and trustees savings banks.

Regional savings committees were set up to further these objectives on a local basis, the boundaries of the committees being determined by the National Committee. The main function of the regional committee was to act as a link between the local savings committees in the region and the National Committee.

The London Regional Savings Committee was set up in 1916. It consisted of a chairman, who was also the region's representative on the National Committee, representatives of the local committees, who were also on the National Committee, elected members of the districts into which the region was divided, and the chairman of the regional sub-committees.

The LRSC set up a series of standing sub-committees to establish links and promote savings and investment in such areas as schools, streets and villages, trade unions, and places of employment. The committee was finally wound up in April 1978.

The Society was founded "to promote real holiness of heart and life". It usually met at St Giles Cripplegate, but does not appear to be otherwise connected with the church.

The London Rifle Brigade was founded in 1859 and was the first City of London volunteer unit formed during that year. Its members were City clerks and City "men of good position" and the Brigade kept that social composition throughout its existence, although active service in both World Wars temporarily altered its character.

In 1908 the Brigade was converted to a Territorial unit and its original sixteen companies were whittled down to eight. From 1868 each company had been associated with one of the City's wards.

The London Rifle Brigade survived as an independent body until 1950 when the first of a series of amalgamations occurred.

The London Salvage Corps and the London Fire Engine Establishment were created and maintained by the principal fire insurance offices of London. The London Fire Engine Establishment had undertaken salvage work as part of its normal fire extinguishing duties. However, the Metropolitan Fire Brigade Act of 1865 was vague enough to enable the Metropolitan Board of Works to refuse responsibility for any salvage work without payment. The amount sought by the Metropolitan Board of Works for this service exceeded that for which an independent salvage corps could be maintained by the fire offices themselves. Therefore it was decided at a meeting of the London Fire Engine Establishment on 22 December 1865 to establish a salvage corps independent of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade. The London Salvage Corps commenced operations during January 1866. The original subscribers to the London Salvage Corps were the Alliance, Atlas, Globe, Imperial, London, Protector, Royal Exchange, Sun, Union and Westminster fire offices, but membership varied subsequently.

The London Salvage Corps was based at 31 Watling Street until 1873, 63-64 Watling Street from 1874 to 1884, 64 Watling Street from 1885 until 1905, 63-66 Watling Street from 1906 until sometime after 1955. The Corps was located at 140 Aldersgate Street when it was wound up in 1984.

The Printers and Theatres Rating Committee (Southern Committee) (CLC/B/017-29) was set up under the auspices of the London Salvage Corps towards the end of the 19th century to administer a scheme for the rating of insurance premiums on theatres, music halls and printers and allied trades. The scheme was later extended to cinemas and film production studios. The Southern Rating Committee became increasingly associated with the Fire Offices' Committee rather than the London Salvage Corps until, in 1962, its administration was taken over by the Fire Offices' Committee.

The London Salzburg Society was founded on 8 December 1931 to promote interest in Salzburg and its festival. It organised recitals and provided information on Salzburg and its musical and artistic activities. It also arranged hospitality for visitors to Salzburg. It changed its name to the London Salzburg Club in November 1935 to create a sharper distinction between itself and rival societies.

The Hutchinson Trust (1894-1904) administered the funds bequeathed by Henry Hunt Hutchinson to advance the objectives of the Fabian Society, which were used to establish and maintain the London School of Economics.
The Constance Hutchinson Trust left money for similar purposes (1896-1922).
The Trustees of the School met during 1896 to oversee the running of the School.
The Administrative Committee was the ruling body of the School from 1896-1901. It then became the Governors (1901-present).
The Finance and General Purposes Committee (1904-1908) prepared proposals on general policy to present to the Governors. It became known as the Council of Management (1908-1921), and was replaced by the Emergency Committee (1921-1937) was largely responsible for deciding and implementing the general policy of the School. It was renamed the Standing Committee in 1937.
The Faculty of Economics of the University of London was created when the School was admitted to the University in 1901.
The Professorial Council (1903-1950) discussed matters concerning the curriculum and academic affairs. It changed its name to the Academic Board in 1950. The Office Committee (1919-1921) was set up to advise the Council on administrative matters with an academic bearing. The General Purposes Committee (founded 1928) was a sub-committee of the Council for facilitating the discussion of academic policy. The Appointments Committee (formed 1921) was a committee of the Council that advised the Director on academic appointments.
The Rockefeller Research Fund Committee (1924- [1938]) administered individual applications from staff for funds for research projects provided by the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund.
The Ratan Tata Benefaction Committee (1917-1922) administered funds donated by Sir Ratan Tata for a Department of Social Science at LSE.
Further details of these and other LSE committees may be found in the printed handlist for the London School of Economics and Political Science Archives.

This section comprises important documents which were not incorporated into the LSE Central Filing System, and mainly comprises minutes and papers of smaller or short-lived committees, and printed material.

The London School of Economics and Political Science was officially opened in the autumn of 1895. It owed its existence to the will of Henry Hunt Hutchinson, a provincial member of the Fabian Society, who had left a significant sum of money in trust for 'propaganda and other purposes of the said [Fabian] Society and its Socialism and towards advancing its objects in any way they [the trustees] deem advisable'. Sidney Webb, named as one of Hutchinson's trustees, believed the money should be used to encourage research and study of economics. His proposal to establish a Central School of Economic and Political Science in London was accepted by the Trustees in February 1895. The Trust was to provide the School, in its early years, with a stable source of finance, although money was also raised through private subscriptions and the London County Council. Sidney Webb was the driving and organising force in the establishment and early years of the School, acting as Chairman of the Hutchinson Trust, the School Trustees, the Administrative Committee and the Library Committee, as well as being Treasurer and Acting Librarian, and making most of the decisions concerning the choice of Director of the LSE.
The first choice of Director was W.A.S. Hewins, who was appointed in March 1895 and played a huge part in the early success of the School. He was responsible for arranging the opening, the syllabus, teaching accommodation and students for the new enterprise, a task which took him less than 6 months. The printed prospectus for the London School of Economics and Political Science offered various applied social science courses, including economics, statistics, commerce, commercial geography, history and law, banking, taxation and political science.
Hewins rented two ground floor rooms in 9 John Street, and managed to procure lecture space at the Society of Arts and the Chamber of Commerce. All lectures and most classes were held in the evening from 6-9 pm, and were open to both men and women. Fees were £3 a year, and though students were not prepared for any degree, the courses were useful for members of the civil service, as well as those employed in banking and commerce. Over the course of its first three years of existence, the School increased the number of students to over 300.
In 1896, the Trustees rented 10 Adelphi Terrace to house the growing School. The same year, a Library Appeal was launched, with donations made by the Webbs, Charlotte Payne-Townshend (later Shaw) and various of the Trustees. The British Library of Political Science (later renamed the British Library of Political and Economic Science in 1925) was opened in November 1896, with Hewins as its Director and John McKillop as Librarian (1896-1910).
Sidney Webb's position on the London County Council stood him in good stead when he managed to acquire for the ever expanding School a plot of land in Clare Market following the Kingsway redevelopment. A grant from the philanthropist John Passmore Edwards in 1899 allowed the building of Passmore Edwards Hall, which was opened in 1902. During this period the LSE became a School of the newly created teaching University of London (1900), which led to its incorporation as a limited company, and the establishment of a University Faculty of Economic and Political Science. In 1901, a BSc (Econ) and an DSc (Econ) were established, becoming the first university degrees in the country devoted to social sciences. The School was now composed of over 1,000 students, with a large proportion of women and foreign students, and the creation of a purpose built building allowed lectures to be given during the day as well.
When Hewins resigned in 1903, he was replaced by Halford Mackinder (1903-1908) and later, William Pember Reeves (1908-1919). The School experienced a steady growth in numbers during this period, and Passmore Edwards Hall was expanded to include a Refectory and Common Rooms. In 1906/7, the LSE received its first Treasury Grant, which provided its first permanent source of income since opening. Though numbers declined during World War One, the post-war expansion in commercial education (industry, marketing, finance, transport etc) was considerable.
The appointment of Sir William Beveridge in 1919 marked a period of rapid expansion in all areas of the School's activity. The Commerce Degree (BCom) was instituted, attracting both applicants and finance. The School was able to expand the Clare Market site into Houghton Street, building the 'Old Building' (1920) and the Cobden Library Wing, and expanding the Passmore Edwards Building to incorporate the Founder's Room. Beveridge also used new funding from the Cassel Fund and the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund to make numerous academic staff full-time and permanent, and create chairs in subjects including Political Economy, Social Anthropology and Statistics. New departments were created, notably International Studies, and emphasis placed on social science research.
During World War Two, the School, presided over by Alexander Carr-Saunders (1937-1956), moved to Cambridge University, where it was housed at Peterhouse College. Though the numbers of teachers and male students declined, the LSE managed to carry on teaching the whole range of its subjects. Though Clare Market survived the Blitz unscathed, the LSE buildings were only slowly returned by the government departments which had occupied them. Despite this, the School opened again on 29th October 1945. Immediately following the war, numbers of students doubled, mainly comprised of ex-servicemen. The LSE again expanded, purchasing Endsleigh Place in Bloomsbury to act as a student hostel (later known as Passfield Hall) and as a space for social research (Skepper House). Another innovation was the setting up of the Economist's Bookshop by the School and the Economist newspaper in 1946.
Sydney Caine (Director 1956-1967) presided over the conversion of the St Clement's Building, which was opened in 1962. A block of property north of Portugal Street was also added and known as the Island Site. It was in this period that evening teaching was finally ended. The 1960's at the LSE were notable for the student unrest which erupted in 1967 and 1968, initially as a protest against the appointment of Walter Adams as the next LSE Director, and due to a desire for the students to have greater representation on the governing committees of the School. Walter Adams (1967-1973) duly took over as Director, overseeing the completion of Connaught House, the St Clement's Building extensions, the Clare Market Building and a new hall of residence in Rosebery Avenue. The Library, following the purchase of Strand House in 1973, raised the funds to convert it into the Lionel Robbins Building, and moved in 1978.
The last decades of LSE have seen enormous growth in the number of students and further expansion into the buildings surrounding Clare Market. Successive Directors (Ralph Dahrendorf 1973-1984, Indraprasand Gordhanbhai Patel 1984-1990, and Dr John Ashworth, 1990-1997 and Anthony Giddens, 1997-present), have increased the number of research units housed by the School, such as STICERD, the Business History Unit, the Development Research Group and the Financial Markets Group.

For a full administrative history of the LSE, see the description for the main LSE records (Ref: London School of Economics and Political Science Archives).

The Central Filing Registry consists of the subjects files of the central administration of the London School of Economics, and incorporates files dating back to the foundation of the School. The Registry did not have a comprehensive classification system, with sections being set up as required with brief titles and numbers allocated in numerical order. Each file has an individual identification code in the following format: section/sub-section/sub-sub-section/sub-sub-sub-section. The number of sub-sections varies according to the importance and complication of the topic and the number of files produced. The original file codes have been preserved. The Registry was reorganised in the 1960s.

Most of the oral history interviews were organised by the LSE History project for the School Centenary History, or collected by the project. The interviews conducted by Nadim Shehadi were taped in the early 1980s as part of his research on the development of Economics at LSE in the interwar period, and were transcribed by the LSE History Project in 1991.

This section was set up as a catch-all to hold small collections of papers relating to the history of the School, and were donated by former and current staff and students, as well as other connected to the LSE.

A survey of growth in the pre-school child in England and Wales, [1977] was conducted by London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the Department of Health and Social Security. This questionnaire for a Longitudinal Group was completed by participants in 1977 and answered on behalf of children by a parent. Although children appear to have been given an identifying serial number, their names have been abbreviated and appear at the top of questionnaires in pencil. Questionnaires focussed upon the milk intake of children, whether they were entitled to subsidised milk, illnesses suffered and measurements. At least three visits were conducted per child, with data collected each time; however it is believed that the results of this study were never published.

The London School of Jewish Studies has until 1998 been known as Jews' College, and is one of the oldest Anglo-Jewish institutions in existence. It was founded by Chief Rabbi Nathan Adler and opened on 11 November 1855. The College has always had very close links with the Chief Rabbinate, as many Jewish leaders, including Lord Jakobovits and Sir Israel Brodie have graduated from the institution.

The formation of the College was planned on 4 January 1852 at a public meeting in Sussex Hall. Chairmanship of the meeting was under Sir Moses Montefiore who was the head of the Sephardic community in England and the generally recognised head of the Anglo-Jewish community. When the College opened three years later with 33 pupils it was "for the purpose of affording a liberal and useful Hebrew and English education to the sons of respectable parents, and training of ministers, readers and teachers" (A.M. Hyamson, Jews' College London 1855-1955). Thus the college was to combine a Jewish day school and a ministerial training college.

Jews' College was first located at 10 Finsbury Square, which was a house in one of the most fashionable parts of London. It was also where many prosperous London Jews lived. Since then the College has had five more locations. In 1881 new premises were found in Tavistock Square, in a house previously owned by Charles Dickens. Soon after in 1900 the college moved to Queen's Square in Guildford Street, then to Woburn House in Upper Woburn Place in 1932, to Montague Place in 1957, most recently to Albert Road, Hendon in 1984. The London School of Jewish Studies is still at this location existing as a recognised department of the University of London.

When the college first opened scholars included boys aged 9-15 years, however at the turn of the century higher education had taken priority at the college and the day school gradually ceased to exist. Many of the changes at the college emerged after 1945, for example the Rabbinical Diploma class, the Hazzanuth class, and the Faculty for the training of teachers were established. This broadening in the scope of teaching lef to teachers being trained to university level, and other diplomas, degrees and postgraduate courses being offered. The college has now developed into Britain's only institution of higher Jewish learning with accreditation under Jewish auspices. Since the war, the college has also been the major supplier of rabbinical and communal leadership.

The academic head of the College was originally the headmaster, but the title later changed to become principal. The first headmaster was Louis Loewe. Within the 150 years of the existence of the college there have been many problems arising including financial difficulties, changes of premises, lack of students and sometimes community support. However the London School of Jewish Studies has become one of the central institutions for the intellctual and spiritual growth of the community.

Until 1874 it was almost impossible for women to train as doctors in Britain. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson was actually the first woman to qualify in Medicine, but as soon as she had done so, in 1865, the loophole which allowed her to do so was closed, preventing others from following in her footsteps.

In 1874 a group of women, led by Sophia Jex-Blake, who had been expelled from Edinburgh University after beginning their medical training, set up the first female medical school, the London School of Medicine for Women (LSMW), in a small house in Henrietta Street, (renamed Handel Street in 1888), and male doctors sympathetic to their cause agreed to teach them. The School could not at this stage offer clinical instruction, but three years later they persuaded the Royal Free Hospital to open their wards to the female students. The Royal Free thus became a teaching hospital, the first to open its doors to women and, until 1947, the only all female medical school. The arrangement between school and hospital worked so well that in 1898 the School officially became the London (Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine for Women. The school building was rebuilt and enlarged in 1898, the main entrance was moved to the Hunter Street side of the building, and the address changed to reflect this. The School was further enlarged in 1914, when the number of women wishing to study medicine made it necessary to practically double the number of laboratories and lecture rooms. At this time the school had over 300 students, making it the largest of the women's university colleges in Britain. In just 40 years the number of women on the medical register had increased from two to 1000, 600 of whom were graduates of the School.

A long tradition of overseas co-operation began when the first Indian student arrived in 1890. In following years a large number of the LSMW students went abroad to help train women who came from cultures where women could not be seen by male doctors, encouraged by Queen Victoria, who felt very strongly that all her subjects in the Empire should have access to proper medical treatment.

All medical schools became co-educational in 1947, when the first two men entered LSMW and necessitated a change of name, to the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine. A major extension to the School was built in 1950, but conditions nevertheless remained cramped, although the School continued to be pre-eminent in medical research, known particularly for its medical unit, renal unit and haemophilia centre. When the Royal Free Hospital moved to Hampstead in 1974 the new Medical School building was planned on the same site, the last department finally moving from Hunter Street in 1983. After World War Two the School was threatened by successive government reports either with closure or with a merger with another school on three occasions (in 1946, 1968 and 1980) and each time had rejected the proposals. In 1998 however, the School finally merged with University College London to form a new school, the Royal Free and University College Medical School.

The School was originally administered by a Provisional Council, comprising 24 registered medical practitioners. In 1875 the Provisional Council handed over control to a Governing Body, consisting of its own members, and of a number of other influential friends and subscribers, with an Executive Council, who were responsible for the day-to-day administration. In 1898, with the formalisation of the link to the Hospital, the Governing Body and Executive Council were replaced by a Council, with four ex-officio members, including the Dean, and two representatives of the Hospital. The Council was advised by the larger School Committee, mainly comprising the teaching staff of the School. The School Committee was renamed the Education Committee in 1930. In later years several committees reported to the Council or School/Education Committee, of which the most important was the Finance Committee.

The London Schools and Colleges Dining Club was founded in 1926 for the heads of London University schools and colleges and the heads of "secondary schools in London and the neighbourhood". Among the orginal members on the University side was Sir William Beveridge, Director of the London School of Economics. The Club was wound up in 2011.

The London Schools Football Association is a voluntary body with no paid officials. It was founded in October 1892 at a meeting of officials from football associations from Tower Hamlets, Greenwich, Finsbury, West Ham, Marylebone and South London. The first president was Lord Kinnaird (1892-1920).

The London Shipping Exchange was based at Billiter Street. It was registered in 1892, but merged with the Baltic Committee and the Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange (later known as the Baltic Exchange) in 1903.

The London Society for Jews and Christians was founded in 1927. It arose from an initiative of the Social Service Committee of the Liberal Jewish Synagogue and was one of the earliest inter-faith organisations in the country. Rabbi Israel Mattuck of the Liberal Jewish Synagogue was a founder member, alongside the Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral.

The aims of the Society are to promote co-operation and understanding between Jews and Christians; to foster respect for differences of faith and to combat religious intolerance. The Society is still extant, co-chaired by a senior rabbi from the Liberal Jewish Synagogue and a senior clergyman from either Westminster Abbey or St Paul's Cathedral. Meetings are held at the Liberal Jewish Synagogue.

The London Society of Thoracic Surgeons, known as 'Charlie's Club', held it's first meeting on 2 May 1952. The Club was formed for thoracic surgeons to meet annually and report to each other on their mistakes in order to learn from them. The first 'Charlie' or mistake was made by Mr J R Belcher, three years before the first meeting of Charlie's Club. Belcher inadvertently divided the left main bronchus during a lobectomy, and subsequently published a report. The original constitution stated that there should be 15 members of the Club, although this was later extended to 18. The Club met once a year with one member acting as Chairman each year. The original aim was that each member would bring his 2 worst mistakes of the previous year to present at the meeting. Projects for each year were set, and the members would collect statistics on a particular theme, which would then be presented at the meeting, and the results possibly published. The Chairman would usually write the paper for his year in the chair. In 1980, following a fall in attendance, the Club decided that it had reached an end. The last scientific meeting of Charlie's Club took place at St Bartholomew's Hospital on the 1 May 1981. It was decided however that the Charlie's Club Annual Dinner should be continued as a social event for the members. The annual dinners continued for 12 years, the last dinner being held at the Army and Navy Club on 7 May 1992, the 40th anniversary of the Club.

The aims of London South Bank Careers (LSBC) were 'to increase the number of young people making successful transition to education, training and employment' by 'exploiting career opportunities offered by the regeneration of the South Bank area'. The service provided careers advice for an area with some of the greatest social and economic deprivation in the country. In 1997 the local unemployment rate was 50,000 people, accounting for 20% of unemployment in Greater London.

The service began as part of the Careers Service operated in all London boroughs by the Inner London Education Authority (ILEA). The Central Services at 9 Carmelite Street managed Careers Services in ten ILEA divisional areas which were run by Divisional Officers. In April 1990, the ILEA was abolished and Local Education Authorities took over the responsibility of running the Careers Services. In May 1991 the Government released a White Paper "Education and Training in the 21st Century" which proposed legislation for putting Careers Services out to tender.

In 1992 a voluntary partnership named the South Thames Careers Service Partnership was developed between the South Thames Training and Enterprise Council (TEC) and the four borough services, Southwark, Greenwich, Lewisham and Lambeth. Its aim was to increase local employer organisations' involvement in how the career services were to run. In July 1993, the Trade Union and Employment Rights Act was passed, opening up a market in careers guidance by transferring the statutory duty to provide careers services from education authorities to the Secretary of State for Employment, who would be able to make arrangements with any agent to provide services in a specific area. The London area was put out for tender in 1994, and bids were submitted for April 1995 for the commencement of new services in April 1996.

In 1995, the Education Committees of the four boroughs and the Board of the South Thames TEC agreed to turn the voluntary partnership set up between them into a formal arrangement called South Thames Careers Limited which would provide a legal vehicle for them to run a bid to run services in south services in 'Area 5' south London. The LSBC was formed in 1996 as a result of the outsourcing of the careers services for the four boroughs. The in-house bid, made by the four local authorities and large local businesses including the Woolwich Building Society and Sainsburys, and supported by the Central London Training and Enterprise Council (CENTEC) and the South London Training and Enterprise Council (SOLOTEC), was not the first choice and it was only when the appointed supplier, Grand Met Trust, pulled out that the in-house team were awarded a four and a half year contract with the Government Office for London (GOL) and under annual contract with the Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) from 1 October 1996. As a result the initial operation began quickly without a lengthy planning period. The first 18 months saw the relocation and refurbishment of premises:

• Head Quarters: moved from Sumner House, Peckham, to Third Floor, Romer House, 132 Lewisham High Street, Lewisham, above the Lewisham Centre.

  • Greenwich Careers Centre: moved from Riverside House, Borough Education Department to high street accommodation above Somerfields supermarket, Woolwich.
  • Lambeth Careers Centre: remained at Acre Lane, Brixton as part of the Lambeth Directions 'one-stop-shop' established as part of the Brixton College initiatives.
  • Lewisham Careers Centre: moved from 39 Lewis Grove to Romer House, 132 Lewisham High Street, Lewisham.
  • Southwark Careers Centre: moved from Sumner House, Peckham to old job centre shop front premises in Rye Lane, Peckham.

  The service was an independent 'not for profit' company with a Board of Directors consisting of four local authority representatives from Greenwich, Lambeth, Lewisham and Southwark, two representatives of the Training and Enterprise Councils, and four employer representatives. The Board chair was the executive of the Woolwich Building Society. An Advisory Network was formed representing stakeholders and community interests to inform the work of the Board.

  The company was one of nine Careers Services Companies (CSCs) operating in London from 1996, selected via the competitive tendering process. The senior organisational structure consisted ofthe Chief Executive, and then three Executive Directors for Operations (Education and Customer Services), Corporate Services (Human Resources and Finance), and Development (Communications). In 1998 there were 101 staff.

  In addition to the running of four careers centres, the service ran outreach support in other organisations' premises and local hostels. The company offered the following: free consultancy services to local schools and colleges which included individual careers guidance interviews, group sessions and support for careers education; advice and guidance for adults; community advocacy; mailshots and publicity; publications; training for teachers and lecturers; special events and programmes for young people; and work experience. The LSBC received funding from Europe, Single Regeneration Budget, New Deal, Learning Partnerships and Learning and Skills Councils and worked in close partnership with statutory and voluntary organisations.

  In July 2001, LSBC merged with Prospects Career Services Limited and became part of the Prospects Group, which at the time ran Careers Services in Bexley and Wandsworth and was closely involved in the developing Phase One Connexions Services in the West Midlands (Dudley, Sandwell, Walsall and Wolverhampton) and North and South London (Enfield, Barnet, Haringey, and Bromley, Croydon, Kingston, Merton, Sutton). LSBC carried on delivering the Careers Service contract in its four boroughs until the end of March 2002, when Connexions was introduced to the London area.

As a district, the London South Methodist District was led by a chairman, who was a member of the Connexional leadership team and was appointed by the bishop for a period of 6 years to act as evangelical leader and district administrator. As administrative unities, districts hold a twice yearly synod, which sets direct policy and defines the boundaries of the district. It also holds a ministerial synod for presbyters and deacons, giving the opportunity for ministerial training. As governor of a number of circuits, the district's purpose is to advance the mission of the church by enabling circuits to work together and support each other as well as to link the Connnexion and circuits, especially in training and to approve applications for grant aid to circuits.

The Methodist Church in Britain began to surface during the 1730s as a reaction to the Age of Enlightenment and its attack on religion. The first London Circuit began in 1765, with districts coming into existence in 1791. The Religious Census of 1851 shows that the Wesleyan Methodist and Primitive Methodist areas had extended from Kensington to Poplar, as well as South of the river from Greenwich to Lambeth and Camberwell. Between 1873 and 1932, the districts and circuits within the London and Middlesex areas were divided between the various different factions of the Methodist Church: the Wesleyan, Primitive and United Methodists. Each faction operated differently until 1932, when the three groups were finally united as the Methodist Church. After this unification, six London districts were created: the London North-East, London North, London North-West, London South-West, London South and the London South East. These were changed in 1957 to four districts (London North-East, London North-West, London South-West, and London South-East), until 2006 when all the Methodist districts in Greater London were merged into one, large London District. The areas which were not part of Greater London were distributed into the appropriate South-England districts of: South-East, Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and Essex.

http://www.methodistlondon.org.uk/londondistrictmap2010.pdf

http://www.aberdeenmethodist.org.uk/AbriefhistoryofMethodism.pdf

http://www.wesleyhistoricalsociety.org.uk/dmbi

The origins of the Justices of the Peace lie in the temporary appointments of 'conservators' or 'keepers' of the peace made at various times of unrest between the late twelfth century and the fourteenth century. In 1361 the 'Custodis Pacis' were merged with the Justices of Labourers, and given the title Justices of the Peace and a commission.

The Commission (of the Peace) gave them the power to try offences in their courts of Quarter Sessions, appointed them to conserve the peace within a stated area, and to enquire on the oaths of "good and lawfull men" into "all manner of poisonings, enchantments, forestallings, disturbances, abuses of weights and measures" and many other things, and to "chastise and punish" anyone who had offended against laws made in order to keep the peace.

During the sixteenth century the work of the Quarter Sessions and the justices was extended to include administrative functions for the counties. These were wide ranging and included maintenance of structures such as bridges, gaols and asylums; regulating weights, measures, prices and wages, and, probably one of their biggest tasks, enforcing the Poor Law.

The bulk of the administrative work was carried out on one specific day during the court's sitting known as the County Day. By the beginning of the nineteenth century, it was clear that the Quarter Sessions' structure was unable to cope with the administrative demands on it, and it lost a lot of functions to bodies set up specifically to deal with particular areas - the most important of these was the Poor Law, reformed in 1834.

Until the seventeenth century the Middlesex court met in the Castle Inn near Smithfield, which was replaced in 1612 by a new sessions house built in Saint John's Street, at the expense of a leading justice, Sir Baptist Hicks. Essentially only a wooden building, Hicks Hall, as it was known, was demolished in 1782, a new sessions house having been built on Clerkenwell Green in 1779, and also known as Hicks Hall. In 1889 following the reduction in size of the County of Middlesex, the sessions moved to the Westminster Guildhall in Broad Sanctuary. When this building proved too small for the amount of work carried out there, a new Middlesex Guildhall was built next to it and opened in 1913. The new County of London sessions continued to meet on Clerkenwell Green until 1919 when they moved to the former Surrey sessions house on Newington Causeway.

To alleviate its continuous shortage of cash, the Stuart dynasty issued loan tallies and tickets for future bill settlement. Dealers and tally-brokers carried on a market in these items, whose value depended on the prospect of repayment, first at the Royal Exchange and then in the City coffee houses. Later, these dealers turned to the stocks of new commercial companies. In 1762, 150 substantial brokers attempted to take over Jonathan's Coffee House in Change Alley, Cornhill, for their exclusive use but, thwarted by a law suit, they moved, in 1773, into their own premises in Sweetings Alley, Threadneedle Street, at whichtime the name "Stock Exchange" was formally adopted. A further move was made in 1802 into purpose-built accommodation on the corner of Throgmorton and Old Broad Streets. Further expansion on this site occurred, the premises being rebuilt in the 1880s and 1970s.

Until 1802, the Stock Exchange was open to anyone who paid the 6d a day subscription, but in March 1802 a deed of settlement formalised its constitution and the Exchange was closed to non-members. By its new constitution, a Board of Trustees and Managers (representing the owners) was established to regulate financial affairs and manage the building, while a General Purposes Committee was elected to regulate membership and all aspects of business. Sub-committees were appointed from amongst the members to undertake the detailed work. This arrangement lasted until 1946 when a reorganisation took place to solve the difficulties caused by the two separate bodies. The Stock Exchange became a members' society and the Council for the Stock Exchange assumed responsibility for every aspect of its government. Until 1986, the London Stock Exchange was unique amongst world exchanges in its distinction between dealing and broking. Dealers, or jobbers, offered stocks and shares for purchase or sale, and brokers acted as middlemen between them and the public, with the Settlement Department acting as a clearing house for all transactions. Rules and regulations to ensure fairness and eliminate fraud became numerous and complex. In cases of a member's financial failure, two members known as Official Assignees were appointed to administer the assets of the defaulter. In 1950, a Compensation Fund was established to provide further protection from losses caused directly by members.

The Federation of Stock Exchanges in Great Britain and Ireland was formed in 1965 with the Federal Committee as its governing body with representatives from all the regional stock exchanges. Its objectives were to increase the efficiency of dealing arrangements in the country as a whole and to achieve a common standard for the admission of shares to the market.

The Greater London Council (GLC) ran a Policy and Intelligence Programme with the aim of working to overcome the disadvantages faced by large numbers of Londoners. Policy Study Groups were created to identify the implications and possibilities of outline policies, and to propose ways in which policy objectives could be achieved. The Policy Unit was also responsible for identifying and acquiring statistical information relevant to local government functions. The collection of statistics and research set the overall context for the development and implementation of Council policies.

The London Strategic Policy Unit was set up by nine London Boroughs in April 1986 to carry through some of the policy initiatives of the GLC following its abolition. For example, the Police Monitoring and Research Group continued the work of the GLC Police Committee Support Unit.