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Authority record

Beryl Loveridge was the headmistress of Starcross School for Girls, which became the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson School in Angel, Islington. Loveridge retired as headmistress of the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson School in 1994, and died in 1996.

Born in Cornwall in 1800; migrated to London, 1821, where he worked as a cabinet maker; Member, later President, Cabinet Makers Society; Storekeeper to the first London Cooperative Trading Society; Secretary, British Association for Promoting Co-operative Knowledge, 1830; Member, Grand National Consolidated Trades Union; arrested and tried for rioting, 1832; helped found the London Working Man's Association, 1836, and played a large part in their drafting of the People's Charter in 1838; arrested for his manifesto against the police, tried, and imprisoned in Warwick jail, 1839-1840; opened a bookseller's shop, and published Chartism; a new Organisation of the People, on the organisation of the Chartist party (1841); established the national Association for promoting the Political and Social Improvement of the People, 1841; member of the council of the Anti-Slavery League, 1846; published textbooks on elementary science after 1857; died 1877.

After a relatively poor upbringing Lovett became interested in the social conditions of the working classes. Around 1830 he was appointed secretary to the British Association for promoting Co-operative Knowledge and during that time was also connected with agitation against stamp duty on newspapers. In 1831 he went on to join the National Union of the Working Classes. In 1836 he assisted to draft the Benefit Societies Act and to draft other People's Bills and Charters. With his collegue Collins he wrote Chartism: A New Organisation of the People in 1841. Later in his life he also became interested in educational issues, writing some educational text books. He was also involved in promoting the establishment of free libraries to parliamentarians.

Born, 1890; educated at Westminster School (scholar); Oriel College Oxford (scholar); 1st Class Moderations, 1911; 2nd Class Literae Humaniores, 1914; BA, 1914; MA, 1915; Assistant Master, Marlborough College, 1914-1918; Westminster School, 1919-1921; Rector of Kelvinside Academy, Glasgow, 1921-1929; temporary Junior Assistant, Air Ministry, 1941-1943; temporary Senior Assistant, Foreign Office, 1943-1945; Lecturer in Department of Classics and Sub-Dean of the Faculty of Arts, King's College London, 1945-1957; Chairman, English Association, 1959-1964; Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature; died, 1972. Publications: with B V F Brackenbury, Elementary French Exercises (1917); Kelvinside Academy, 1878-1928; Gibbon's Journal (1929); Edward Gibbon (1937); London is London (1949); Virgil and the English Augustans (a paper read to the Virgil Society, 1952); Norman Douglas, A Selection from his Works (1955); A Century of Writers, 1855-1955 (1955); Essays and Studies Collected for the English Association (1955); abridged Edward Gibbon's The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1960); Trends in English Pronunciation (1960). Contributor to: Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature; Encyclopaedia Britannica. Novels: Twice Shy (1933); This Sweet Work (1935). Translations: Natalia Ginzburg, Voices in the Evening (1963) and Family Sayings (1967); Ercole Patti, Roman Chronicle (1965).

William Cullen was born,1710; educated Hamilton Grammar School and the University of Glasgow; medical apprenticeship, Glasgow; service as a ship's surgeon; assistant to an apothecary, London; medical practice near Shotts in Lanarkshire, 1732-1734; practised in Hamilton, 1736-1744; graduating MD, Glasgow, 1740; moved to Glasgow continuing in private practice and lecturing semi-officially on medicine for the University of Glasgow, 1744; Lectureship in Chemistry in Glasgow, 1747; Chair of Medicine, 1751; lectured on chemistry and medicine and continued with his practice, 1747-1755; in 1755 he was appointed conjoint Professor with Plummer in Edinburgh with the succession on Plummer's death which occurred in 1756 and Cullen held the Chair until 1766; Professor of the Institutes of Medicine (Physiology) and of the Practice of Medicine, Edinburgh; retired, 1789; died, 1790.

Edward Low, son of Edward Low, a farmer, entered Trinity College Dublin in 1754, and took his BA degree in 1759. He proceeded to the study of medicine at Edinburgh, but did not graduate there.

Born in New Zealand, 1891; educated at Christchurch Boys' High School; political cartoonist, Spectator and Canterbury Times; joined Sydney Bulletin, 1911,and became resident cartoonist, 1914; cartoons published in The Billy Book (Sydney, 1918); arrived in London, 1919; political cartoonist, The Star, 1919-1926; Evening Standard, 1926-1949; joined Daily Herald, 1950-1953; Manchester Guardian, 1953; created "Colonel Blimp"; knighted, 1962; died 1963. Publications: Lloyd George and Co. (Allen and Unwin, London, 1922); Low and I (Methuen and Co, London, 1923); Low and I holiday book (Daily News, London, 1925); The best of Low (Jonathan Cape, London, 1930); Low's Russian sketchbook (Victor Gollancz, London, 1932); Low and Terry (Hutchinson and Co, London, 1934); The New Rake's Progress (Hutchinson and Co, London, 1934); Ye Madde Designer (The Studio, London, 1935); Political Parade (Cresset Press, London, 1936); Low Again (Cresset Press, London, 1938); A Cartoon History of our Times (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1939); Europe since Versailles (Harmondsworth, 1939); Europe at War (Allen Lane, Harmondsworth, 1940); Low's War Cartoons (Cresset Press, London, 1941); The World at War (Harmondsworth, New York, 1942); C'est la Guerre (New Europe Publishing Company, London, 1943); Válka Zaeala Mnichovem (New Europe Publishing Company, London, 1945); Years of Wrath (Victor Gollancz, London, 1949); Low's company (Methuen and Co, London, 1952); Low Visibility (Cresset Press, London, 1953); Low's Autobiography (Michael Joseph, London, 1956); The Fearful Fifties (Bodley Head, London, 1960); British Cartoonists, Caricaturists and Comic Artists (William Collins, London, 1942).

Elias Avery Loew was born in Moscow, Russia, and emigrated to New York City as a child; he became an American citizen in 1900 and changed the spelling of his surname to Lowe in 1918. Lowe was educated at the College of the City of New York, Cornell University, the University of Halle and the University of Munich, earning his PhD in 1907. He lectured in palaeography at the University of Oxford from 1913 until 1936, when he was given a professorship at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. The author of the seminal Codices Latini antiquiores (11 vols, 1934-1971) Lowe was recognized as one of the world's leading researchers in palaeography. He received many academic honours, including the Bibliographical Society's gold medal (1959).

Eveline Mary Lowe (1869-1956) (née Farren) was the first woman Chair of the London County Council. She was born and spent most of her life in Bermondsey. She was the daughter of Reverend J Farren, a Congregational minister. She was educated at Milton Mount College, Gravesend and trained as a teacher at Homerton College, where she became a lecturer and then vice-principal. She married Dr George C Lowe in 1903. Eveline was politically active - she was one of the earliest members of the Women's Labour League; a founder member of the Bermondsey International Labour party and of the West Bermondsey Divisional Labour Party (serving as Treasurer from 1919); President of the West Bermondsey Women's Section; member of the London Labour Party Executive (which she represented on the London Women's Advisory Committee from 1918). She was also active in local government, serving on the education committee as London County Council member for Bermondsey from 1922 onwards; Chair of the London Education Committee, 1934; Chair of the Establishments Committee, 1937; and first woman Chair of the London County Council, 1939. She retired from the London County Council in 1946 and died 30 May 1956.

Dr Margaret Lowenfeld was a paediatrician who became a pioneer of child psychology and psychotherapy. Her outstanding contributions sprang from her recognition that play is an important activity in children's development. She invented non-verbal techniques that enabled children to express themselves, including The Lowenfeld World Technique and Lowenfeld Mosaics. The former involved the use of sand trays and miniature toys. The child guidance clinic Lowenfeld established in the late 1920s in London's Notting Hill developed into the Institute for Child Psychology.

Further biographical information can be found on the Dr Margaret Lowenfeld Trust website at http://www.lowenfeld.org/Lowenfeld/default.asp.

Otto Löwenstein was Jewish but his wife was not. He died in prison, 1938, though it is not known why he was sent there.

Lowndes was born in Staffordshire, 1892. His first job was as a Laboratory Assistant in the Department of Chemistry and Physics at Stafford Technical School. In 1909, he moved to Canada where he worked with Prof R B Macallum in the Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto. On the outbreak of war, he joined the 1st Canadian Expeditionary Force, after being taken prisoner at Ypres, 1915, he spent three years as a prisoner of war in Germay. After his release in 1918, he studied Chemistry in Delft, Holland, under Jan Boesekin. He married C A V Broydon. Lowndes was for some time Science Master at Rugeley Grammar School, Staffordshire, before taking up a position in 1921 as Research Assistant to Huia Onslow. In 1923, he was appointed Demonstrator in the Department of Chemistry at St Thomas's Hospital Medical School, subsequently becoming the Senior Lecturer in Chemistry. He retired in 1957.

Loyal London Volunteers

The Loyal London Volunteers were a militia unit formed to protect London against the threat of French invasion during the Napoleonic wars.

Samuel Jones Loyd was born on 25 September 1796. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a BA in 1818 and an MA in 1822. Loyd's father, the Reverend Lewis Loyd, accepted a partnership in Jones' Manchester Bank to form Jones, Loyd & Co. On Lewis Loyd's retirement in 1844, Samuel Loyd took control of the bank which merged with the London and Westminster Bank in 1863. Samuel Loyd was also involved in politics. He sat as the Liberal member for Hythe from 1819 to 1826 and in 1832 he unsuccessfully contested Manchester as a Liberal. In 1832, Loyd gave evidence before a parliamentary committee which was working on the Bank Act. Loyd warned against multiplying the issue of paper and permitting more than one bank of issue. He later went on to publish his evidence in 1837 in a work entitled Reflections on the State of the Currency. He again gave evidence before the committee of the House of Commons upon the banks of issue in 1840. The Bank Act, 1844, incorporated many of the ideas expressed by Loyd. During the 1840s and 50s Loyd published many pamphlets on financial matters and became a parliamentary advisor. Loyd was chairman of the Irish Famine Committee of 1846-9, received a peerage as Baron Overstone of Overstone and Fotheringhay in 1850. That same year he became a trustee of the National Gallery and, in 1851, he was a Commissioner of the Great Exhibition. He died at his house, 2 Carlton Gardens, London on 17 November 1883.

LSE History Project

This material was gathered by the LSE History Project team in support of Ralf Gustav Dahrendorf's LSE: a history of the London School of Economics and Political Science, 1895-1995 (Oxford University Press, 1995).

Kut-el-Amara, Mesopotamia, garrisoned by the British Army, was the scene of a lengthy siege by the Turkish Army during World War One. The British troops eventually surrendered in Apr 1916 following the failure of several relief attempts.

Basil Lubbock (1876-1944) was educated at Eton and in 1897 went to Canada and on to the KLONDYKE in the second year of the gold rush. He shipped home in 1899 from the West Coast round the Horn as an ordinary seaman on the four-masted barque ROYALSHIRE, a voyage recorded in his Round the Horn Before the Mast (London, 1902). After the First World War Lubbock devoted himself to recording the history of sailing ships between 1850 and 1930 in a series of over fifteen volumes, most of which are still in print as standard reference works. These include The China Clippers (1914), The Colonial Clippers (1921), The Blackwall Frigates (1922), The Last of the Windjammers (2 vols, 1927-8) and his last book The Arctic Whalers (1937).

John William Lubbock, third Baronet, astronomer and mathematician, was born on 29 March 1803 in Duke Street, Westminster, only child of Sir John William Lubbock, head of the banking firm of Lubbock & Co., by his wife Mary, daughter of James Entwhistle of Rusholme, Manchester. He attended Eton, then in 1821 Trinity College Cambridge, where he graduated as first senior optime in 1825, and MA in 1833. In 1825 he became a partner in his father's bank, dividing his time between business and study. He joined the Astronomical Society in 1828, the Royal Society in 1829 (Treasurer, 1830-1835 and 1838-1845, and Vice-President, 1830-1835, 1836-1837 and 1838-1846), and was a member of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge from 1829. He aided the establishment of the British Almanac in 1827, and published a descriptive memoir on tides in the 'Companion' volume in 1830. His research on tidal observations formed the subject of his Bakerian Lecture in 1836 and a paper to the Royal Society of 1837. In 1834 the Royal Society awarded him a Royal Medal for his work on tides. His researches into physical astronomy were directed towards simplifying methods, and introducing uniformity into the calculation of lunar and planetary perturbations. Mathematically, he was foremost among English mathematicians in adopting Laplace's doctrine of probability and with Drinkwater was the author of a joint elementary treatise on probability published in 1830 (reprinted in 1844) by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. He was the first Vice-Chancellor of London University (1837-1842), one of the treasurers of the Great Exhibition of 1851, a visitor to the Royal Observatory, and a member of various scientific commissions, especially those on standards and weights and measures. He saw the bank through the commercial panics of 1847 and 1857, and in 1860 amalgamated it with another bank, to become Roberts, Lubbock & Co. From 1840 he led a retired life at his home at High Elms in Farnborough, Kent, where he died on 20 June 1865. On 20 June 1833 he had married Harriet, daughter of Lieutenant General Hotham of York, and had 11 children, of whom the eldest, Sir John Lubbock, was created Baron Avebury in 1900.

Born, 1851, educated at University College School; read chemistry at University College London; ascended Mont Blanc, 1870; visited the USA and Canada, 1872; Egypt, 1873; expedition to find the source of the Congo, 1875-1876; died on the expedition 1876; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1875-1876.

Richard Clement Lucas was born on 16 April 1846, son of William Lucas of Oaklands, Midhurst, Sussex. Educated at Queenwood College, Stockbridge, Hants; Guy's Hospital, and the University of London. Passed First Division at every examination; awarded gold medal at MB, Honours at BS, and FRCS. Lucas was appointed Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy at Guy's, 1872, Senior Demonstrator, 1874, Demonstrator in Practical Surgery, 1877. In 1875, he was elected Assistant Surgeon, and was Surgeon from 1888-1906. He also lectured in the Medical School on Anatomy, 1888-1900, and Surgery 1900-1906, retiring in 1906. Lucas served as a member of the Council of the Royal College of Surgeons from 1901-1914, and as Vice President of the College, 1909-1911. Bradshaw Lecturer, 1911. He was married to Kathleen Emma Pelly. He died on 30 June 1915.
Publications: The Bradshaw Lecture on Some Points in Heredity. Delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons, December 6th, 1911, Adlard & Son: London, 1912

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).

A quitclaim was a deed renouncing any possible right to a property. The name comes from the Latin Quietus Clamatus.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

The James Joyces Centre was set up in 1973. The collection was started with the help of the Trustees of the Joyce Estate, Faber & Faber, the Society of Authors and other donors. The Centre started collecting archival material in 1974.

This company of brick merchants was formed in around 1914 and was based at Swinton House, 324 Grays Inn Road, WC1. It was also concerned with selling coal in the first few years of its existence and is believed to have folded in the mid-1960s.

Eric Templeton Lummis was born, 1920; commissioned into the Royal Anglian Regiment, 1939; Lt Col, 1966; retired from the Army, 1968; died 1999.

William Murrell Lummis was born, 1885 or 1886; enlisted in the 11th Hussars, 1904; served in France and Belgium, First World War; transferred the Suffolk Regiment, 1916; 2 Lt, 1916; Lt, 1917; Adjutant and Quarter Master, School of Education, India, 1921-1925; Capt, 1928; retired from the army, 1930; ordained deacon in the Church of England; canon of Ipswich, 1955; died, 1985.

W H Russell Lumsden was born, 1914; graduated in science and medicine from the University of Glasgow; studied tropical medicine and hygiene at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, and worked as a research fellow in the Department of Parasitology and Entomology. During World War Two he served in malaria field laboratories of the Royal Army Medical Corps and then spent a year with Patrick Buxton becoming Medical Research Council Senior Fellow in Buxton's department, 1946-1947; joined the Yellow Fever Research Institute at Entebbe, Uganda where he remained until he became Director of the East African Trypanosomiasis Research Organisation (EATRO) from 1957 to 1963. Lumsden was Chair of Medical Protozoology 1968-1979.

Lumut Rubber Estates Ltd

Lumut Rubber Estates Limited was registered in 1909 to acquire the Sungei Wangie and Riverside estates in Malaya and Perak. Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112) acted as secretary of the company from 1924. In 1947 Lumut Rubber Estates Limited acquired Dusun Durian Rubber Estates Limited (CLC/B/112-056). In 1952 it was acquired by Golden Hope Rubber Estate Limited (CLC/B/112-054).

John Lunan was the author of several books on the laws and court system of colonial Jamaica. He was probably the same John Lunan whose botanical work Hortus Jamaicensis (1814) is cited by the Oxford English Dictionary as the earliest example of the word 'grapefruit'.

Lunuva (Ceylon) Tea and Rubber Estates Limited was registered in 1907 to acquire the Swinton, Rookatenne, Waldemar, Amblangoda, Galloola and Hopton tea and rubber estates in Ceylon [Sri Lanka]. In 1926 it acquired Hingurugama Tea and Rubber Estates Limited, Brambrakelly (Ceylon) Tea and Rubber Company and Sapumalkande Rubber Company. In 1945 it acquired Crawley Tea Estates Limited.

The company was nationalised by the Sri Lankan government in 1975. In April 1982 it became a PLC (public limited company), and in 1983 it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112).

Lupton was a watchmaker with premises at 3 Newman's Court, Cornhill. The book is believed to have been kept by Lupton when he was working for P. Hilton Barraud, chronometer maker, of 41, Cornhill.

Lustig , Louis , b 1874

Nothing is known about the author of the manuscript except that he was 82 at the time of writing.

Sachsenhausen concentration camp was established in 1936. It was located at the edge of Berlin, which gave it a prime position among the German concentration camps: the administrative centre of all concentration camps was located in Oranienburg, and Sachsenhausen became a training centre for SS officers (who would often be sent to oversee other camps afterwards). Executions took place at Sachsenhausen, especially those of Soviet POWs. While some Jews were executed at Sachsenhausen and many died there, the Jewish inmates of the camp were relocated to Auschwitz in 1942. Sachsenhausen was not designed as a death camp; instead, the systematic mass murder of Jews was conducted primarily in camps to the east.

Born, 1902-1903, patient of Arthur Henry Cheatle, 1919, moved to New Zealand, 1936; corresponded with King's College Hospital, 1990.

Luxton and Co , fishmongers

John Hawkins Luxton came to London from Plymouth to establish his fish trading business in 1883. By 1895 he held a tenancy of a stand in Billingsgate Market. J. H. Luxton transferred the stand to his son Horace Russell Luxton in 1941. The business was incorporated as Luxton and Company (Billingsgate) Limited in 1951, having previously traded as Luxton and Company. J. H. Luxton died in 1961.

The London Waste Regulation Authority was brought into existence under section 10 of the Local Government Act 1985 and became a functional organisation on 1 April 1986. It had an independent regulatory role over both the public and private sectors of waste management. Its purpose was to protect public health, prevent pollution of water and improve the environment by ensuring that wastes were properly handled from the producer through all transport modes up to final disposal.

It was composed of 33 members, one elected member being nominated by each of the 32 London borough councils and the City of London. It was financed by a levy, apportioned on a population basis, on each of the authorities. It met three times a year.

An Executive Committee was responsible for major policy matters, meeting 8 times a year and it had two sub-committees, one concerned (inter alia) with considering applications for new site licences or modifications to existing site licences and the other responsible for senior staff appointments. An Urgency committee could be convened at short notice if there were vital matters requiring attention.

It was responsible for the regulation of almost all waste arising in Greater London, operating under control of the Control of Pollution Act 1974 it issued and enforced licences for waste disposal sites handling 'controlled' waste, the removal of waste deposited in breach of licensing conditions and enforcing the Control of Pollution Regulation 1980 in respect of 'Special' Waste. (Controlled waste is household, industrial and commercial waste while special waste is defined as any waste which is either a prescription only medicinal product or contains one or more scheduled substances whereby it is dangerous to life or highly inflammable.)

The LWRA regulated controlled waste by:

  • issuing site licenses, with such conditions as it considered appropriate. There were issued to operators or potential operators of waste disposal facilities in Greater London, after mandatory consultations with the Borough Councils, the National Rivers Authority and Waste Disposal Authorities concerned and discretionary consultations with other bodies such as the HSE and the LFB.

  • Modifying, refusing or revoking site licenses.

  • Monitoring each licensed site to ensure that the operator was complying with the conditions of the licence and that the activities to which the licence related did not cause pollution of water or danger to public health or become seriously detrimental to the amenities of the locality affected by these activities, taking such action to rectify unsatisfactory practices as it considered necessary, which in the last resort could mean the revocation of a licence.

  • Maintaining a register of all licences in force.

  • Prosecuting those operators not in possession of a licence or operating in breach of licence conditions.

  • Prosecuting persons depositing waste on unlicensed sites and ensuring proper removal to a licensed site, as speedily as possible of such waste.

The LWRA also regulated 'special waste' by administering a system of multi-page consignment notes which were issued to accompany all movements of these materials, to ensure their safe handling and correct disposal. Every movement of special waste was monitored and recorded and any producer, carrier or disposer who failed to comply was liable for prosecution.

The Authority also carried out a programme of regular monitoring of special waste producers to ensure that the, storage, handling and administration systems for dealing with this special waste were maintained to a high standard. Advice regarding disposal of special and hazardous substances was given by the Authority to commercial and industrial waste producers. For householders, registered charities and borough councils, the Authority operated a small scale collection service for hazardous waste.

William Lygon was born in London in 1872. He was educated at Eton and Christ Church Oxford, which he left without completing his degree. He succeeded his father as Earl Beauchamp in 1891. During 1899-1901 he was briefly governor of New South Wales. Lord Beauchamp became a privy counsellor in 1906 and served as its president between Jun and Nov 1910. He became a Knight of the Garter in 1914 and was was Liberal leader in the House of Lords from 1924. Between 1929 and 1931 he was Chancellor of the University of London. Alongside his happy marriage and family life, Beauchamp had several homosexual relationships, which damaged his reputation, and he was obliged to live in exile abroad from 1931 after a warrant was issued for his arrest.

Born 1870; Educated, King's College School and King's College London; House Surgeon and Ophthalmic Assistant, King's College Hospital; Resident Medical Officer, St Peter's Hospital, London; Surgeon and Dean, Royal Eye Hospital, London; Ophthalmic Surgeon, Royal Ear Hospital, London; Senior Demonstrator of Anatomy and Tutor, Sheffield Medical School; Demonstrator of Physiology and Lecturer in Animal Biology, King's College London, 1895; Lecturer, Zoology, Animal Biology and Elementary Biology, King's College London, 1900; Lecturer, Physiology, King's College London, 1904; Assistant Ophthalmic Surgeon, King's College Hospital, 1910; Dean, King's College Hospital Medical School, 1911; Fellow, 1922, Associate and Member of the Corporation of King's College London; Consulting Ophthalmic Surgeon to King's College Hospital, 1929, and Beckenham Hospital, Kent; Dean Emeritus and Emeritus Lecturer on Ophthalmology, King's College Hospital Medical School, 1929; Consulting Surgeon, Royal Eye Hospital; Honorary Consulting Ophthalmic Surgeon to Royal School for Blind, and South London Institute for the Blind; died, 13 March 1956. Publications: Manual of physiology for students and practitioners (1911); King's and some King's men: being a record of the Medical Department of King's College, London, from 1830-1909 and of King's College Hospital Medical School from 1909 to 1934 (Oxford University Press, London, 1935, Addendum to 1948, 1950); Applied physiology of the eye assisted by T Keith Lyle (Baillière, Tindall & Cox, London, 1958).

Tony Lynes worked with Richard Titmuss at the London Sschool of Economics, 1958-1965. He was advisor on social security to Labour Secretaries of State, 1974-1979, and continued to advise the Labour Party into the 1990s. His publications include the Penguin Guide to Supplementary Benefits. He also contributed a weekly column on benefits in New Society and the New Statesman. In addition, he has been secretary of the Child Poverty Action Group, an advisor to the National Pensioners Convention and has worked with pensioners' groups in Southwark, London.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

A demise is the conveyance or transfer of an estate by means of a will or lease.

General Sir Neville Lyttelton born the third son of the 4th Baron Lyttelton, of Hagley Hall in Worcestershire, 1845; his mother was sister-in-law of William Gladstone; educated at Eton College; entered Rifle Brigade, 1865; helped to suppress Fenian rising, Canada, 1866; Secretary, Oregon Boundary Dispute Commission, Canada, 1867; ADC to Viceroy of Ireland, 1868-1873; served in Jowaki Expedition, India, 1877, and in Egyptian Campaign, 1882; appointed private secretary to the Secretary of State for War in the Liberal Government, 1880; Military Secretary to Governor of Gibraltar, 1883-1885, and to Governor of Bombay, 1885-1890; 2nd in Command, 3 Bn, Rifle Bde, Jullundar, India, 1890-1893; Lt Col, 1892; commanded 2 Bn, Rifle Bde, Dublin, Ireland, 1893-1895; appointed Assistant Adjutant General War Office, 1895; Assistant Military Secretary, War Office, 1897-1898; commanded brigade during Nile Expedition, Sudan, 1898; commanded 2 Infantry Bde, Aldershot, 1899; commanded 4 Infantry Bde, 2 and 4 Divs, South Africa, 1899-1900; served in Natal, 1901-1902; Commander-in-Chief, South Africa, 1902-1904; Chief of General Staff and First Military Member of Army Council, 1904-1908; Commander-in-Chief, Ireland, 1908-1912; appointed Governor of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, 1912; published Eighty years: soldiering, politics, games (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1927); died, 1931. He married Katherine Stuart-Wortley in 1883 and they had 3 daughters, of whom Lucy (1884-1977) a writer and poet, married Charles Masterman (1873-1927), the Liberal politician.

Constance Lytton was born in 1869, the daughter of Robert, the first Earl of Lytton and Viceroy of India, and Edith Villiers. She was educated at home, in India and then in Europe where the family returned in 1880. In the 1890s Constance Lytton's attachment to a young man of a lower social class was ended by her mother while her sister Elizabeth married Gerald Balfour. Balfour and his sisters, Frances and Emily, were deeply involved in the women's suffrage movement, and influenced their new sister-in-law, but it was not until 1909 after Lytton had made contact with Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence and Annie Kenney that she joined a suffrage group: the Women's Social and Political Union. The following year, in 1910, Lytton took part in a demonstration at the House of Commons where she was arrested. Her imprisonment was made easier, however, when her identity and her poor health were discovered and she was sent to spend her sentence in the prison infirmary. Consequently, at later demonstrations she took a false name and was arrested as Jane Warton, a London seamstress. She was sentenced to fourteen days, went on hunger strike, and was forced fed eight times until her identity was again uncovered and she was immediately released. In 1910 she was appointed a paid WSPU organiser and in 1911 she was arrested once again for breaking a post office window after the failure of the Conciliation Bill, but the trial was delayed when she suffered a heart attack in custody. She was released when the poor state of her health became clear and her fine was paid anonymously. Soon afterward Lytton suffered a stroke which left her partly paralysed. Her activities from now on were concentrated on writing propaganda for the WSPU. She published a series of pamphlets and articles and a book on her experiences and those of fellow inmates with the title, 'Prisons and Prisoners'. After the cessation of militant activity at the outbreak of the First World War, Lytton began to work with Marie Stopes in the campaign to establish birth-control clinics in Britain but spent much of her time as an invalid cared for by her family. She died in 1923.