The firm was established by six lawyers in 1836 as Legal and General Life Assurance Society with offices at 10 Fleet Street, City of London. It changed its name to Legal and General Assurance Society in 1919. Its head office moved to Temple Court, Queen Victoria Street in 1962. The company initially dealt with life assurance business, but grew to become a major financial services company also providing pensions, investments and general insurance plans.
The firm was established by six lawyers in 1836 as Legal and General Life Assurance Society with offices at 10 Fleet Street, City of London. It changed its name to Legal and General Assurance Society in 1919. Its head office moved to Temple Court, Queen Victoria Street in 1962. The company initially dealt with life assurance business, but grew to become a major financial services company also providing pensions, investments and general insurance plans.
The firm was established by six lawyers in 1836 as Legal and General Life Assurance Society with offices at 10 Fleet Street, City of London. It changed its name to Legal and General Assurance Society in 1919. Its head office moved to Temple Court, Queen Victoria Street in 1962. The company initially dealt with life assurance business, but grew to become a major financial services company also providing pensions, investments and general insurance plans.
The firm was established by six lawyers in 1836 as Legal and General Life Assurance Society with offices at 10 Fleet Street, City of London. It changed its name to Legal and General Assurance Society in 1919. Its head office moved to Temple Court, Queen Victoria Street in 1962. The company initially dealt with life assurance business, but grew to become a major financial services company also providing pensions, investments and general insurance plans.
The firm was established by six lawyers in 1836 as Legal and General Life Assurance Society with offices at 10 Fleet Street, City of London. It changed its name to Legal and General Assurance Society in 1919. Its head office moved to Temple Court, Queen Victoria Street in 1962. The company initially dealt with life assurance business, but grew to become a major financial services company also providing pensions, investments and general insurance plans.
The Left Book Club was a very successful radical left wing group that flourished in Great Britain from the mid 1930s to the beginning of World War Two. It was started in 1936 by the barrister, Stafford Cripps, and publisher Victor Gollancz, with the goal of selling left wing books at very cheap prices. Those who joined agreed to buy at least one book a month for a 6-month period. By 1939 it had 57,000 members and sold about 6 million books. During the war the British Communist Party agitated for an end to war and transformed a number of Left Book Club groups into 'Stop the War' committees. By the end of World War Two there were only 7,000 subscribers and it formally shut down in 1948.
In 1961 Basutoland was one of three British High Commission Territories in South Africa. In the original treaties between the British Government and Chief Moshoeshoe [Mshweshwe] on behalf of the Sotho people in 1843 and 1862, a British Protectorate was established. In 1871, after Moshoeshoe's death, Basutoland became part of Cape Colony without the consent of the Sotho, and then in 1884 was relinquished to British rule, becoming a High Commission Territory. During the 20th century there was increasing concern among the Sotho people about continued colonial rule, not least because the changes in status of Basutoland had not been subject to their agreement and were contrary to the original treaties. Also, there were serious fears about the possibility of the territory becoming part of the Union of South Africa, which became acute when the Republic of South Africa was due to be created at the time of the memorandum in 1961. The memorandum details these issues, and seeks UN aid in making the voice of the Basuto nation heard. It was written by Josiel Lefela, a member of the National Council since 1916. In the event, Basutoland remained outside the Republic of South Africa and became independent as Lesotho in 1966.
Born 1918; educated Franklyn House School and King's School Ely; Student of Engineering at King's College London, 1937-1941, during which period the College was evacuated to Bristol University; died 12 Dec 2011.
Born in Liverpool, Leeson joined Professor Robert Newstead in the Entomological Department of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine in 1909; joined the RAMC and worked with Newstead, Major EE Austen and Mr R Jackson on houseflies in France, from 1915; returning from the war he passed his sanitation examinations and became an Associate of the Royal Sanitary Institute; began his association with the London School of Tropical Medicine, 1925, being chosen as collector-demonstrator to Colonel A Alcock in the Entomological Department; From 1926 to 1928 he spent three years in Southern Rhodesia on an Anopheles survey - a work which was published as Memoir No.4 of the Research Series of the School; From 1933 to 1936 he returned to Southern Rhodesia on a study of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus; In 1936 he went on an expedition to East Africa, including Kenya, Uganda and Tanganyika to study Anopheles funestus. Greece and Albania from 1938 with a Rockefeller Grant; during the Second World War he played an important part in malaria prevention in Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Cyprus by carrying out anopheline surveys as the entomologist of No.2 Malaria Field Laboratory of which Professor G Macdonald was for some time commanding officer; in charge of the malaria wing of the Middle East School of Hygiene, 1943-1945; when the War ended he returned to the School to work as lecturer in the Department of Entomology and a Recognised Teacher of the University of London; elected a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society in 1930 and of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene in 1943. Leeson wrote many scientific papers, his major works include No.4 of the School's Memoir series on anopheline mosquitoes of Southern Rhodesia and No.7 on anopheles in the Near East. He also assisted Professor Buxton in his work on tsetse flies, No.10 of the Memoir series.
John Rudd Leeson was born in London, 6 Jan 1854, the son of John Leeson. He was educated at St Thomas's Hospital, Edinburgh, Vienna, and Berlin Universities, obtaining MD, CM, (Edinburgh) and MRCS (England). In Edinburgh, he was Dresser and House Surgeon to Professor Joseph Lister. Leeson served as House Physician, 1876, and Demonstrator or Anatomy, 1878, St Thomas's Hospital; Senior Consultant Physician and Chairman St John's Hospital, Twickenham; and Consultant Physician Metropolitan and City Police Orphanage. He married firstly Margaret Lewis, and secondly Caroline Gwatkin.
Spencer Leeson, Bishop of Peterborough, (1892-1956) was the son of John Rudd Leeson.
Gwen Lees ([1900-1988]) was born into a poor family somewhere at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century. Her mother was a servant who found herself unable to take her children with her when she was offered a position as a cook. Because of this, Lees and her brother David were placed in a workhouse. In Apr 1982, when Lees was recovering from a stroke, she sent three chapters of an autobiography provisionally entitled 'Jenny', to an agent Rebecca O'Rourke. The autobiography detailed her experiences as a child, feeling that her experiences of the harsh regime might be of some sociological interest. In 1983, the manuscript was rejected by The Women's Press but the first chapter was later accepted by Sheba Feminist Publishers for inclusion in a new anthology entitled 'Everyday Matters II' published Jul 1983.
Born, 1899; educated at Repton and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; commissioned into the Royal Artillery, 1919; served with 58 Battery, 35 Bde, Royal Field Artillery, 1919-1920; Transport Officer, attached to 2 Bn, Royal Welch Fusiliers, Anglo-Irish War, Limerick, Ireland, 1920-1921; Lt, 1921; employed under the Colonial Office with Arab and Kurdish Levies, 1922; commanded Sqn, 1 and 2 Regiments, Iraq Levies, 1922-1924; Special Service Officer (Intelligence), attached to RAF, Ramadi, Iraq, 1924-1926; Administrative Officer, Zanzibar, 1926-1928; retired from Army, 1929; Administrative Officer, Palestine, 1929-1938; service in Haifa, Gaza, Hebron and Jaffa, Palestine, 1930-1938; sent on leave for criticising the Palestinian Government in its handling of atrocities, Nov 1938; turned down appointment in Gold Coast, 1939; retired from Colonial Service, 1940; died, 1969.
Lesotho, formerly known as Basutoland, became a British Protectorate in 1868. It was annexed to Cape Colony in 1871, but became a separate British Colony in 1884, and was administered as one of the High Commission Territories in Southern Africa (the others being Bechuanaland , now Botswana, and Swaziland). Modern party politics began in 1952 with the founding of the Basutoland Congress Party (BCP, renamed the Basotho Congress Party in 1966) by Dr Ntsu Mokhehle. At the first general election in 1965 the majority of seats in the new legislative assembly were won by the Basutoland National Party (BNP, renamed Basotho National Party in 1966), a conservative group, which had the support of the South African government. Following the election, Moshoeeshoe II, the paramount chief, was recognised as king. The BNP leader, Chief Leabua Jonathan, becamer Prime Minister. Basutoland became independent, as the Kingdom of Lesotho in October 1966. A General election was held in January 1970, when the opposition BCP appeared to have won a majority of seats in the National Assembly. Chief Jonathan declared a state of emergency, suspended the constutution and arrested Dr Mokhehle and other leaders of the BNP. The election was anulled and the county effectively passed under the Prime Minister's control. In Jan 1974 Chief Jonathan survived a coup attempt but he was deposed by the military, led by Maj Gen Justin Metsino Lekhanya in Jan 1986.
Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.
A covenant or deed of covenant was an agreement entered into by one of the parties to a deed to another. A covenant for production of title deeds was an agreement to produce deeds not being handed over to a purchaser, while a covenant to surrender was an agreement to surrender copyhold land.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
LEE CONSERVANCY BOARD: The Lee Conservancy Board was set up under the Lee Conservancy Act 1868 (31 and 32 Vic. c.154) to replace the Trustees of the Lea Navigation. Its powers came into effect from April 1869 and it was responsible for 50 miles of navigable waterways which included the Lea Navigation and, from 1911, the River Stort Navigation. Its duty was to control the whole of each river to ensure freedom from pollution, whilst sums were payable to the Board for the abstraction and protection of water. Under the Transport Act 1947 (c.49) the Lee Conservancy Board became the Lea District of the British Transport Commission. With the exception of water protection activities, functions formerly carried out by the Board were taken over by the Commission, but this body was then dissolved by the Transport Act 1962 (c.46) and its functions were divided between four boards, one of which was the British Waterways Board.
LEE CONSERVANCY CATCHMENT BOARD: The Lee Conservancy Catchment Board was established under the Land Drainage Act 1930 and was a body distinct and separate from the Lee Conservancy Board. The first members of the Lee Conservancy Catchment Board were the members of the Lee Conservancy Board, together with six additional members. It was responsible for functions of the Lee Conservancy Board relating to water supply, fisheries, pollution and drainage. The Lee Conservancy Catchment Board was abolished under the Water Act 1973 (c.37) and its functions were transferred to the Thames Water Authority.
The Lee Conservancy Catchment Board was formed in 1930 under the provisions of the Land Drainage Act. It replaced the Commissioners of Sewers within its area and was responsible for drainage into the River Lee [or Lea]. The Board had members from the Essex, Middlesex and London County Councils as well as members of the Lee Conservancy Board, an authority responsible for regulation of the river. From 1947 the Lee Conservancy Catchment Board took over the functions of the Lee Conservancy Board, including responsibility for water supply, fisheries, pollution and land drainage.
Lee and Pembertons, solicitors, were based at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London and later 11 South Square, Gray's Inn, London.
The law firm Lee and Pembertons was established in the late eighteenth century.
Lee was a civil lawyer, and admitted as an advocate in Doctor's Commons in 1729. He was Member of Parliament for Brackley, 1733 to 1742, and afterwards represented Devizes, 1742 to 1747, Liskeard, 1747 to 1754, and Launceston, 1754 to 1758. In 1742 he was on the Board of Admiralty but in 1744 followed Lord Carteret (1690-1763) out of office. His connection with the Navy ceased from this time.
Ms Lee (maiden name Miss Chun Shui-wai ?) was educated in Saint Mark's School, Hong Kong. She came to England from Hong Kong in 1960 to work as a nurse in Epsom Manor Hospital. While working as a nurse, Ms Lee carried on studying to acquire her academic qualifications. She is currently a university lecturer.
Lee, Robert (1793-1877), FRS, obstetric physician, father of Lee, Robert James (1841-1924), physician Robert Lee was a distinguished obstetric physician and gynaecologist. He graduated MD at Edinburgh in 1814, and from 1824 to 1826 was physician to Prince Michael Semyonbitch Vorontzov, Governor-General for the Crimea, and travelled extensively in Russia. He then settled in London, and was elected FRS in 1830, and FRCP in 1841. He seems to have been rather unfairly treated by the Royal Society as regards the publication of some of his papers and was justifiably aggrieved by their treatment. (See the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography for further biographical details). Robert James Lee obtained his MD at Cambridge in 1869 and was elected FRCP, London 1874, resigning in 1902. Like his father he was a gynaecologist and obstetrician. He also held positions, as physician at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormand Stree; St Georges Hospital; and was personal physian to Lord Harrington, Sir Thomas Tillyer Whipham and Willaim Lowther.
Robert Lee was born in Melrose, Roxburghshire, in 1793, the second son of John Lee. He was educated in the Scottish Border town of Galashiels, under the Rev. Robert Balmer, the profound theologian. Lee entered Edinburgh University in 1806. Initially intended for the church he changed his mind and chose to pursue a career in medicine. He graduated MD in 1814, and became a member of the Edinburgh College of Surgeons. He was appointed physician's clerk at the Royal Infirmary to Dr James Hamilton, physician and professor of midwifery.
In 1817 Lee moved to London and took charge of an epileptic patient, the son of the Honorable William Lamb (afterwards Lord Melbourne). On relinquishing this appointment he spent the winter of 1821-22 in Paris, furthering his medical education through the study of anatomy. He remained abroad for the following year, employed as domestic physician to a family of high rank. He traveled with them through the South of France and Northern Italy. On his return to England he became a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of London, in March 1823, and began to practice as an obstetric physician.
He suffered a severe illness at this time. When he recovered he obtained a medical appointment with the East India Company. However, before leaving for Calcutta, he received the offer of appointment as domestic physician to Prince Woronzow, then governor-general of the Crimea and the Russian provinces around the Black Sea. He left for Odessa in October 1824. In 1825 he traveled with the Prince and his family to the Crimea, where he was presented to Czar Alexander a few days before the Czar's sudden death from epidemic fever. Lee later published an account of the Czar's final days, Last Days of Alexander and the First Days of Nicholas (1854), in order to counteract rumours that the Czar had died a suspicious death.
Lee returned to England with Prince Woronzow in 1826, and again began to practice as an obstetrician in London. In 1827 he was elected physician to the British Lying-in Hospital, and began to lecture on midwifery. In 1829 he also became lecturer on midwifery in the Webb Street School of Anatomy and Medicine. He had taught himself shorthand and this enabled him to make full notes of every lecture he attended and the cases he treated, making it possible for him to preserve written histories of the important cases of puerperal and uterine disease he came across after these appointments.
From his settling in London in 1827, Lee devoted much time and effort to investigations into the pathology of the diseases of women, puerperal fever, and in prolonged dissections of the ganglia and nerves of the uterus. He contributed to the Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine (1833-35), writing entries on 'Abortion', 'Diseases of the Ovaries', 'Puerperal Fevers', 'Pathology of the Uterus and its Appendages', and 'Diseases of the Veins'. He also wrote numerous papers. Many were published in the Transactions of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, whilst others he read before the Royal Society. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1830. Despite Lee's proliferation of papers the Society never awarded him a medal and even suppressed some of his articles. This was due, it is said, to `differences of opinion as to the value of his discoveries' (DNB, 1892, p.373).
He became secretary to the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, 1830-35. In 1834 he obtained, through the interest of Lord Melbourne, the appointment of Regius Professor of Midwifery at the University of Glasgow. However he resigned after his introductory address and returned to London. In 1835 he was appointed lecturer on midwifery and the diseases of women at St George's Hospital, an appointment he held for thirty years. Lee was admitted a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1841.
In 1842 he published what some consider his most valuable contribution, Clinical Midwifery (2nd ed. 1848), which contained 545 cases of difficult labour. His subsequent work, Three Hundred Consultations in Midwifery (1864) was also deemed to be important (ibid). However, others consider that it was his remarkable' dissections of the nerves of the heart and uterus thatentitle him to a place in the foremost rank of anatomists and physiologists of his time and country' (Munk's Roll, 1878, p.268).
Lee's relationship with the Royal Society did not improve in the 1840s. It was owing in part to his dissension that the president, the Marquis of Northampton, and the secretary, Dr Peter Mark Roget, resigned in 1849. Lee's version of his treatment by the Royal Society can be found in his Memoirs on the Ganglia and Nerves of the Uterus (London, 1849). Although it was recognized that Lee could be somewhat dictatorial in manner and intolerant of those in slightest opposition to his views, his honesty of purpose in all he did was never doubted' (ibid). Furthermore, he was undoubtedlyan indomitable worker, and made numerous discoveries of permanent value' (DNB, p.373)
He delivered several of the eponymous lectures of the Royal College of Physicians, namely the Lumleian Lectures in 1856-57, the Croonian Lectures in 1862, and the Harveian Oration in 1864, the last time the lecture was delivered in Latin. He resigned his lecturership at St George's Hospital in 1866, but continued in practice.
Lee worked indefatigably until 1875 when he retired from practice at the age of 82. He moved from his home in Savile Row to Surbiton Hill, Surrey, and died there on 6 February 1877. He was buried at Kensal Green.
Publications:
On the Structure of the Human Placenta, and its Connection with the Uterus (London, 1832) Researches on the Pathology and Treatment of the Diseases of Women (London, 1833)
Pathological Observations on the Diseases of the Uterus, with Coloured Engravings from Original Drawings by Joseph Perry, Representing the Most Important Organic Diseases of the Uterus (London, 2 parts 1840; 1849)
The Anatomy of the Nerves of the Uterus (London, 1841)
Clinical Midwifery, with the Histories of the Four Hundred Cases of Difficult Labour (London, 1842; 2nd edition 1848)
On the Ganglia and Other Nervous Structures of the Uterus (London, 1842)
Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Midwifery, delivered in the Theatre of St George's Hospital (London, 1844)
Memoirs on the Ganglia and Nerves of the Uterus (London, 1849)
Memoir on the Ganglia and Nerves of the Heart (London, 1851)
Clinical Reports of Ovarian and Uterine Diseases, with Commentaries (London, 1853)
The Last Days of Alexander, and the First Days of Nicholas, Emperors of Russia (London, 1854)
Treatise on the Employment of the Speculum in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Uterine Diseases (London, 1858)
Engravings of the Ganglia and Nerves of the Uterus and Heart (London, 1858)
Three Hundred Consultations in Midwifery (London, 1864)
History of the Discoveries of the Circulation of the Blood, of the Ganglia and Nerves, and of the Action of the Heart (London, 1865)
A Treatise on Hysteria (London, 1871)
Entries in Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine (London, 1833-35), ed. by Sir John Forbes, John Conolly, & Alexander Tweedie
Publications about Lee:
Extracts from the Diary of Dr Robert Lee, FRS, 1821-22 (London, 1897, privately printed - posthumously)
Unknown
Margaret Lucy Lee, Lecturer in English Language and Literature at King's College for Women, 1899-1920; Katherine B Locock, student at King's College for Women, 1899-1901.
Laurence Edward Alan [Laurie] Lee was born and educated in Gloucestershire. He lived in London and Spain as a young man, working in a variety of jobs, and fought on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War. During the Second World War he worked as a film scriptwriter for the Ministry of Information. Lee's first volume of poetry was published in 1944 and he subsequently wrote a variety of fiction and non-fiction works. He is best known, however, for Cider with Rosie (1959), the first of his three volumes of autobiography. He received the MBE in 1952 and was made a freeman of the City of London in 1982.
John Michael Lee's publications include Colonial Development and Good Government: a study of the ideas expressed by the British official classes in planning decolonization, 1939-1964 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1967); African Armies and Civil Order (Instuitute for Strategic Studies, London, 1969) and (with Martin Petter) The Colonial Office, war and development policy, 1939-1945 (Institute of Commonwealth Studies, London 1982).
Professor John Michael Lee (b 1932): Lee was educated at Christ Church Oxford. From 1958 to 1967 he was Lecturer and Senior Lecturer in government at Manchester University. Lee went on an academic secondment to HM Treasury, 1967-1969. He was Senior Lecturer at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 1969-1972, and Reader in Politics at Birkbeck College, 1972-1981. He was Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Bristol, 1987-1990 (Professor of Politics, 1981-1992 and Emeritus Professor 1992). From 1993 to 1995 Lee was a Visiting Fellow for the Centre for International Studies at the London School of Economics and Political Science. His publications include: "Social Leaders and Public Persons" (1963); "Colonial Development and Good Government" (1967); "African Armies and Civil Order" (1969); "The Churchill Coalition" (1980); "At the Centre of Whitehall (1998 with GW Jones and June Burnham).
The Fulton Report: In 1968 the Fulton Committee urged radical reform in the civil service, recommending the establishment of agencies through the subdivision of departments on a functional basis. Other Fulton report recommendations included the establishment of a civil service college, improving in-service training practices, and increasing the role of specialists. All centred on improving the quality of management in the civil service, as a means to increased efficiency and economy. The principle civil service reforms implemented since the early 1980s have their origins in the recommendations of the Fulton Report.
Born in Liverpool, 1906; educated at Taunton School, Somerset; studied at the University of Durham College of Medicine in Newcastle-upon-Tyne; qualified as a doctor, 1927; Resident Medical Officer at the Princess Mary Maternity Hospital and subsequently at the Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle; purchased a share of a partnership in Southend-on-Sea; appointed general practitioner anaesthetist at Southend Victoria Hospital, 1931; appointed general practitioner anaesthetist at Southend General Hospital, 1932; became a whole-time anaesthetist in the Emergency Medical Service during World War Two (1939-1945), serving for five years at Runwell Emergency Hospital, Essex; Consultant Anaesthetist at Southend General Hospital, 1947; began at Southend the first Anaesthetic Outpatient Department in any British hospital, 1948; organised the first postoperative observation ward (recovery ward) in any British general hospital, 1955; President of the Royal Society of Medicine Section of Anaesthetics, 1959; Joseph Clover Lecturer of the Faculty of Anaesthetists, 1960; Honorary Fellow of the Faculty of Anaesthetists, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, 1970; Assistant Editor of the journal Anaesthesia, and Chairman of its Editorial Board, 1970-1972; retired from his NHS post at Southend, 1971; continued to teach in Britain, Holland and Baghdad after his retirement; Clinical Tutor at Southend, 1972-1976; elected President of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, 1972-1973; Honorary Member of the Association of Anaesthetists; received the Royal Society of Medicine Henry Hill Hickman Medal, 1976; Medallist of the Faculty of Anaesthetists, 1976; received the Carl Koller Gold Medal of the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia, 1984; delivered the Gaston Labat Lecture, American Society of Regional Anaesthesia, 1985; delivered the Stanley Rowbotham Lecture, Royal Free Hospital, London, 1985; delivered the T H Seldon Lecture, International Anesthesia Research Society, 1986; died, 1989. J Alfred Lee edited A Synopsis of Anaesthesia, a reference work on the history and techniques of anaesthesia, anaesthetic drugs, and professional practice, from its first edition (published by John Wright & Sons, Bristol, 1947) through subsequent editions (2nd edition, 1950; 3rd edition, 1953; 4th edition, 1959), jointly edited with R S Atkinson (5th edition, 1964; 6th edition, 1968; 7th edition, 1973); as contributing editor, with Atkinson and G B Rusham (8th edition, 1977; 9th edition, 1982; 10th edition, 1987). Subsequent editions were published after his death as Lee's Synopsis of Anaesthesia (11th edition, 1993; 12th edition, 1999). Other publications: with Sir Robert Reynolds Macintosh, Lumbar puncture and spinal analgesia: intradural and extradural (3rd edition, 1973, and subsequent editions); with C L Hewer, Recent Advances in Anaesthesia and Analgesia (8th edition, 1957); as editor, with Roger Bryce-Smith, Practical regional analgesia (1976); with Malcolm Jefferies, The hospitals of Southend (1986).
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Born John Fiott, brother of William Edward Fiott, Lee changed his name on inheriting property from his mother's family. In 1827 he also inherited the estate of Hartwell in Buckinghamshire. Lee was keenly interested in science and antiquities and was an active member of the Temperance Movement. The collection was used by E S Dodge, The Polar Roses (London, 1973).
Henry Lee was naturalist to the Brighton Aquarium and a Fellow of the Linnean, Geological and Zoological Societies.
Lee attended St Thomas's Hospital Medical School, 1939-1944. He was awarded MD London, FRCP, MB, BS. He also workrd at John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford and Oxford District Health Authority.
Born, Bridport, 1868; educated at Cheltenham College, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; joined the Royal Artillery 1888; served in China, earning high commendation from the War Office, 1889-1890; Professor of Strategy and Tactics, Royal Military College, Kingston, Canada, 1893-1898; organised Military Survey of the Canadian Frontier, 1894-1896; appointed British military attaché with the US Army during the Spanish-American war, 1898; honorary member of Roosevelt's Rough Riders, and became a close friend of Theodore Roosevelt; military attaché in Washington, USA, 1899; returned to England and retired from the army, 1900; Conservative MP for Fareham, Hampshire, 1900-1918; joined the Board of Admiralty as a civil lord, 1903-1905; introduced and promoted the White Slave Traffic Act through Parliament, 1912; rejoined the army as a colonel on the staff, 1914; detailed for special service with the Expeditionary Forces and mentioned in despatches twice; Parliamentary Military Secretary, Ministry of Munitions, 1915-1916; knighted, 1916 (KCB); Personal Military Secretary to the Secretary of State for War (Lloyd George), 1916; Director-General of Food Production, 1917-1918, in recognition of his work made Baron Lee of Fareham; Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries, 1919-1921; First Lord of the Admiralty, 1921-1922; British Delegate to the Washington Conference on reduction and limitation of arms, 1921-1922; Viscount, 1922; presided over three Royal Commissions, the Civil Service in India, 1923-1924, London Cross-River Traffic, 1926, and Police Powers and Procedure, 1928; Chairman of the Radium Commission and Trustee of the National Radium Fund 1929-1933; President of Cheltenham College, 1917-1940; Trustee of the Wallace Collection, 1924; Trustee of the National Gallery, 1926-1933, 1941-1947 (chairman 1931 and 1932); member of the Royal Fine Art Commission, 1926 and Deputy Chairman, 1940; member, Executive Committee of National Art Collections Fund; Chairman, Management Committee of the Courtauld Institute of Art, 1932-1937; Chairman, Warburg Library and Institute, 1933-1945; restored and furnished the Chequers Estate, which he gave to the Nation, 1921; bequeathed his art collection to the Courtauld Institute of Art; died, Gloucestershire, 1947.
Publications: The English Heritage Series joint editor (Longmans & Co, London, 1929-)
2nd Lt H M C Ledger, the son of Horace and Kathleen Ella Ledger, and husband of Ellinor Ledger was commissioned in the Indian Army Reserve of Officers, and served initially in a Regiment of the Egyptian Army before training as an Observer in the Royal Flying Corps. In 1915 he was attached to the French Seaplane Squadron in Palestine. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre in Nov 1915 and twice mentioned in the Commanding Admiral's 'Ordre du Jour'. He was shot down and killed near Beersheba on 22 Dec 1915.
Ledbury Rubber Estates Limited was registered in 1908 to acquire estates in Selangor, Malaya, and to take over Ledbury Rubber Company Limited and Sione Rubber Company Limited. In 1947 Ledbury Rubber Estates Limited was acquired by Lanadron Rubber Estates Limited (CLC/B/112-105), which in turn was acquired by London Asiatic Rubber and Produce Company (CLC/B/112-103) in 1960.
This collection comprises two deposits whose relationship to each other is not known. The first consists of correspondence and reports concerning participants in two famous acts of protest during the Third Reich: the Rosenstrasse Protest in which the (mostly) Aryan partners of a specially segregated group of Jewish prisoners protested at their detention by the Nazis in a former welfare office for the Jewish community in Berlin, 1943; Das Sovjet-Paradies Aktion in which 500 Jews and Germans were arrested, half of whom were subsequently executed for sabotaging an exhibition by the Nazis designed to pour scorn and ridicule on the Soviet Union, 1942.
This first deposit came from Annelore Leber, the former wife of the pre-1933 SPD MP, Julius Leber, who was tortured and murdered by the Nazis in the aftermath of the plot to assassinate Hitler in July 1944. It was donated to the Wiener Library after a meeting between Annelore Leber and Alfred Wiener in Berlin in 1958. The material, which consists mainly of personal accounts of participants, was collated as a result of an advertisement put out in the Berliner Allgemeine Zeitung der Juden in Deutschland, 18 February 1955, asking for eye witness testimonies of these events.
The custodial history of the second deposit is unknown. It consists of transcripts of interrogations of former Nazi military and officials and interviews with anti-Nazi German citizens, by the United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS) Morale Division, June-July 1945. The object of the questioning was to ascertain the morale of the population in the wake of sustained Allied bombing raids.
Amicie Lebaudy was the wife of Jules Lebaudy, she wrote works on the Jansénisme under the pseudonym of Guillaume Dall. Following her husband's death she devoted her income to social works including the restoration of the abbey of Port-Royal-of-Fields and the building of the Kereon lighthouse. She was a supporter of La Ligue de la patrie française and was also involved in the 'Syveton affair'.
The Sanatorium du Mont des Oiseaux was established in [1906] by Dr Petit, a physician in San Salvadour, to accommodate adults, (San Salvadour was intended for children). The architect was A. Gléna. Shortly before the 1914-1918 war, the sanatorium became the property of the Red Cross and hosted the war wounded. In the late 1960s it was converted into houses.
The Lebanon Hospital for the Insane, Asfuriyeh, was founded in 1898 by Dr Theophilus Waldmeir (1832-1915), a Swiss Quaker, to provide care for the mentally afflicted of the Lebanon, Syria and the Middle East.
On 17 April 1896, a public meeting was held at Dr Henry Jessup's house in Beirut, to announce the plan for founding 'the first Home for the insane in Bible Lands'. The campaign was launched, Waldmeier travelled to Europe and the USA to collect funds, and the Beirut Executive Committee was founded. The first meeting of the London General Committee (LGC) was held at the Bethlem Royal Asylum on 11 March 1897 and its Medical Superintendent, Dr Percy Smith, was elected as Chairman. The Asfuriyeh estate was purchased in April 1898, six miles from the centre of Beirut. The Hospital opened on 6 August 1900 with 10 patients. The Hospital's Constitution and Rules were formally drawn up in 1907. Under the Constitution, the Beirut Committee officially became the local executive committee in Beirut of the London General Committee, which retained overall authority over the Hospital.
In 1912 the property became a 'Wakf' , i.e. it was dedicated as a religious foundation under the code of law prevailing in the Lebanon, to be held by the Chairman of the London General Committee (who became the 'Trustee' or 'Mutawalli'). This set down the responsibilities of the 'Trustee' and his agents (in this case the Beirut Executive Committee) for managing the property. It was made a condition that the Hospital should be international and interdenominational.
The Lebanon Hospital for the Insane gradually expanded, and there was reportedly accommodation for 150 people by 1924; 350 by 1935; and 410 by 1936. By 1949, 14,000 patients had been treated since the opening of the Hospital. In 1938 the Hospital was renamed the Lebanon Hospital for Mental and Nervous Disorders.
In addition to clinical work, the Hospital contributed to training in the field of psychiatry. In 1922 it was affiliated with the American University of Beirut and became the Psychiatric Division of the University Hospital. In 1939 it was recognised by the Royal Medical/Psychological Association as a Training Centre for the Mental Nursing Certificate. In 1948, it opened a School of Psychiatric Nursing, the first of its kind in the Middle East, and which was subsequently used by the World Health Organisation for the training of specialised personnel. Treatment at the Hospital followed world-wide medical advances, and included Insulin Coma Therapy, Cardiazol Convulsion Therapy, Occupational Therapy and Electric Convulsion Therapy. Chemotherapy was introduced in 1952.
Between 1941 and 1946, a large part of the Hospital had to be handed over to the British Military Authorities, then in occupation of the Lebanon, to house their 43rd General Hospital. In the post-war climate, the Hospital's financial status never fully recovered, and by 1972 the Hospital was experiencing real financial difficulties. It was decided to sell the existing site and buildings and to re-build the Hospital on a more modern plan. A new site was chosen at Aramoun, near Beirut Airport. Asfuriyeh was sold in April 1973. The building programme was brought to a halt by the Lebanese Civil War (April 1975 - November 1976), and construction did not resume until summer 1977. The need for replacement materials and inflated prices meant that by the end of 1977, the Hospital was on the point of bankruptcy.
Despite appeals for funds, by early 1981 negotiations had commenced between the London General Committee and the Beirut Executive Committee to close the Hospital and to dispose of the property in accordance with the legal terms of the 'Wakf'. The Hospital at Asfuriyeh was officially closed on 10 April 1982. Aramoun continued to operate, although extensively damaged during the Civil War and occupied by the Israeli Army until 17 October 1982.
The LGC eventually resigned control of the Hospital itself to the Beirut Committee. However, in accordance with its continued responsibilities for trust funds established in the Hospital's name and held in the UK, it retained several of its members as London Trustees of the Lebanon Hospital for Nervous and Mental Disorders and established a scheme for the administration of these funds under charitable status. The Trustees continue to operate.
The Hospital's founder, Theophilus Waldmeier, was born in 1832 in Basle, Switzerland. He attended the missionary college of St Crischona, near Basle, and went to Abyssinia as a missionary in 1858. He left in 1868 and went to Syria, settling at Beirut in connection with the British Syrian Mission founded in 1860. In 1873, he started the Friends' Syrian Mission at Brummana, where he was superintendent, and founded Brummana High School. He relinquished his position in 1896 in order to promote his plan of providing a home for the insane. He travelled extensively to appeal for funds. Returning to Beirut in 1898, he purchased the site at Asfuriyeh. He became business superintendent at the Lebanon Hospital and retired in 1915, the year of his death. He published The Autobiography of Theophilus Waldmeier, Missionary, being an account of Ten Years' Life in Abyssinia and Sixteen Years in Syria (1886).
The foundation stone for Leavesden Asylum was laid on 31st October 1868 by the Chairman of the Management Committee, William Henry Wyatt, J.P. The first patients were not admitted until 9th October 1870, the same date as the opening of Caterham Asylum. Both Asylums were built and run by the recently constituted Metropolitan Asylums Board for the care of "insane paupers" who were "such harmless persons of the chronic or imbecile class as could lawfully be detained in a workhouse". "Dangerous or curable" patients were to be sent to the county lunatic asylums.
By 15th October Leavesden had over 100 patients and within six months all the female accommodation was in use and storerooms had been converted into bedrooms to provide extra accommodation. At first children were admitted along with adults, but from 1873 the children were sent to Darenth Training Colony. However, both Caterham and Leavesden were soon full to capacity.
The need for extra accommodation was a continuing problem and in 1872 a new block was opened to provide accommodation for laundry staff and those patients who worked in the laundry. A further storey was added to this block in 1900. By November 1876 Leavesden was housing 2,118 patients, vastly more than the 1,500 it had been built for. This meant there was ever increasing pressure on beds and staff. In 1903, a further Asylum was built at Tooting Bec although this provided only temporary relief for Leavesden as it was rapidly filled with patients transferred from the workhouses. In 1909 the process of modernising and altering all the ward blocks to take the increasing numbers of elderly and infirm patients into account, was begun. This process was completed by 1931.
The First World War led to acute staff shortage as many of the nursing staff joined the armed forces. Twenty-two members of staff died on active service. Troops were billeted in the Recreation Hall for a few months and officers were quartered on the Medical Superintendent. In 1918 the staff shortage was so acute, three wards had to be closed, these were not all reopened until 1921.
Further modernisation took place between 1929 and 1931 with the installation of electricity and other changes to improve conditions for the patients at the hospital.
In 1930 the control of Leavesden was transferred to the London County Council under the Mental Hospitals Committee. Leavesden hospital was assigned the special function of caring for 'mentally subnormal persons' described as 'adult idiots and low-grade imbeciles' and also retained the continued treatment of TB cases.
In 1932 the Saint Pancras Industrial School, or Leavesden Residential School, closed and the site, situated opposite the hospital, was purchased for use as an annexe to the hospital. It was to be used for those patients who needed only routine medical care rather than the more structured observation of the hospital. The idea was to help patients who were ready to begin to acclimatise to greater freedom in preparation for their discharge into the community.
The Second World War saw the annexe designated as an Emergency Hospital and the patients were transferred back to the main building. Leavesden was also used to accommodate some patients from Saint Bernard's Hospital, Ealing following bombing in 1944 and children from the Fountain Hospital, Tooting. Hutted buildings were erected in the Annexe grounds and were used for the treatment of war casualties including French survivors from Dunkirk. The Emergency Hospital closed in 1943 and was taken over first by wounded Canadian soldiers and their nursing staff and later by an English Teachers' Training College. The hospital suffered no serious damage during the war but it took years to get back to pre-wartime levels of staffing and maintenance. The Annexe was occupied by the Training School until 1950, which led to overcrowded and understaffed wards on the main site.
The Hospital became part of the National Health Service in 1948 and was under the jurisdiction of the North West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board through a Hospital Management Committee. January 1948 saw the establishment of the Preliminary Training School under the control of two senior nurses. This gave probationers the opportunity to work towards certification and recognised qualifications. The 1950's and 1960's saw the development of training schemes for the young adults at Leavesden, with the aim of enabling them to find local employment.
In 1974 the hospital was transferred to the South West District of Hertfordshire Area Health Authority in the North West Thames Regional Health Authority. The 1970's saw a continuing trend in the decline of patient numbers and in 1984 the Annexe was closed and the site sold for redevelopment, all services were transferred to the main site. The hospital was also transferred to the control of the North West Hertfordshire Health Authority in a further round on NHS reorganisation at this time. There was one further administrative change for the Hospital when Horizon NHS Trust took over it management in 1990. The hospital was closed in 1995.
Born [1770]; son of David Leathes of Middlesex; entered the Middle Temple, 1787; elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, 1793; worked as a clerk in the cheque office of the Bank of England, 1799-1838; subscriber to King's College London, 1832; established book prize for medical students at King's College London, 1833-1834; donation of papers to King's College on condition that he be permitted to reside in College, 1837; died, 1838.
The Royal Blind School, Leatherhead, was requisitioned by King's College Hospital as a national emergency hospital during World War Two. It was known as Leatherhead Emergency Hospital (Royal Blind School), and only existed under this name from 1939 to 1946. Thereafter it was used to house Chelsea Pensioners until the 1950s when the school reopened.
William Henry Leatham was born into a Quaker family in Wakefield, Yorkshire in 1815. He was educated in London, before returning to Yorkshire to work for the family bank. His first volume of poetry was published in 1839. He and his wife formally joined the Church of England some time in the 1840s. Leatham was a prominent local figure and served as Liberal MP for Wakefield during 1859-1862 and 1865-1868, and for the Southern West Riding of Yorkshire during 1880-1885.
Lear trained as a nurse at Guy's Hospital, 1902-1905, gaining General Nursing Council registration in 1923.
Chartered accountant and founder and senior partner of P. D. Leake & Co; has written and lectured extensively on accountancy subjects; was retained by the Postmaster General and gave evidence in the well-known case of The National Telephone Co. Ltd v. HM Postmaster-General; funded the PD Leake Trust which financed much of the academic research programme of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales; has visited USA and Canada and studied their methods of cost accounting; Member of the Board of Trustees, Albany, Piccadilly, W1; died 1949. Publications: Balance sheet values (Gee and Co, London, 1929); Capital: Adam Smith, Karl Marx (Gee and Co, London, 1933); Commercial goodwill (Pitman and Sons, London, 1921); Depreciation and wasting assets (Henry Good and Son, London 1912); Industrial capital (Gee and Co, London, 1933); Inflated Industrial Share Capital: a plea for the use of no par value shares (Gee & Co, London, 1936); Introductory notes on Leake's Register of Industrial Plant (Henry Good & Son, London, 1910); The Corporation Profits Tax explained and illustrated (Pitman & Sons, London, 1920); Income Tax on Capital: a plea for reform in the official method of computing taxable profits (Gee & Co, London, 1909).
The League of St Bartholomew's Nurses was founded in 1899. Isla Stewart, Matron of Bart's, was President and Mrs Bedford Fenwick, former matron and campaigner for state registration, a founder member. Membership was open to nurses who passed the final certificate examination at St Bartholomew's Hospital, regardless of whether they continued their career at Bart's. In recent years, senior nurses working at Bart's have also been eligible for membership even if they qualified at another hospital. The objects of the League have varied from time to time, but have generally included mutual assistance and the maintenance of professional interests of nurses, besides the organisation of social events. The League News was printed twice yearly from 1900 to 1919, and annually from 1920.
The League of Nations Union (LNU) was formed by the merger of the League of Free Nations Association and the League of Nations Society, two groups working for the establishment of a new world order based upon the ideals of the League of Nations. It became the largest and most influential organisation in the British peace movement, played an important role in inter-war politics, and launched education programmes that had a lasting impact on British schools. The LNU's popularity dwindled during World War Two, and when the United Nations Association (UNA) was founded in 1945 to promote the work of the United Nations, the LNU arranged for the wholesale transference of its organisational structure and its membership to the UNA. However, under the provisions of its Royal Charter, the LNU was able to continue until the mid-1970s, albeit in a limited capacity, in order to handle bequests, and administer the payment of pensions to former employees. The administrative structure of the LNU consisted of a General Council, which met twice a year and held final responsibility for LNU policy under the Royal Charter of Incorporation granted in 1925; an Executive Committee, which met every two weeks and co-ordinated campaigns, analysed branch reports and resolutions, monitored the work of the numerous specialist sub-committees, supervised the staff, and generally acted as the central policy-making body of the LNU; and regional LNU branches, which had their own independent management structures.
The League of Nations was an international organisation founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919-1920. The League's goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation, diplomacy and improving global welfare.
The League of Jewish Women was founded in 1943 to provide help to both the Jewish and wider communities. It was established as a non-political, non-fund raising voluntary welfare organisation. League members were organised into local groups. The groups were mostly centred on London but there were some elsewhere, for example around Manchester, the first Manchester group being established in 1944.
The help that the League offered was in the form of voluntary work, ranging from hospital and home visiting to working in prisons and running day centres for older people. Through Head Office committees, provision was also made for education and training in various skills. In the early 1950s, an attempt was made to raise the League's profile through the formation of a Publicity Committee. By the time of the League's 25th anniversary in 1968 an in-house magazine, "Around the League" had been launched and in 1970 charitable status was granted.
The League became affiliated to national organisations such as the Women's National Commission. In addition, the League was the UK affiliate of the International Council of Jewish Women. In this capacity the League took part in, and occasionally helped organise, international conferences. The League's own tri-annual conference had first taken place in Bournemouth in 1975.
The League of Church Militant (1909-1928) was founded as the Church League for Women's in 1909, a non-party organisation open to members of the Church of England who wished to campaign 'to secure for women the vote in Church and State.' In 1917 it became the League of Church Militant with aims including the establishment of equal rights and opportunities for men and women both in Church and State and the 'settlement of all international questions on the basis of right, not of might.' After the end of the First World War it shifted its main attention to the following aim, as adopted at a Council meeting in 1919: 'To challenge definitely … what has hitherto been the custom of the Church of confining the priesthood to men.' After the Franchise Act received Royal Assent in 1928, the League felt that one of its main aims had been realised and that, whilst it still desired to see women ordained to the ministry of the Church, felt that this might be better carried on through other means. In 1928 it therefore decided to wind up its affairs. The campaign for the ordination of women was continued by the Anglican Group for the Ordination of Women (f 1930) and many of those, including E Louie Acres, who had been active in the League, were prominent within the Group.