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This collection of deeds relating to the manor of Mockings in Tottenham 1340-1653, provides useful information about the ownership of the manor. The manor originated in the grant made by Edward III to Richard Spigurnel in 1335 of a third part of the manor of Bruces in Tottenham. Spigurnel conveyed his property to John de Mockyng of Somerset, which transaction was confirmed by an indenture of final agreement of 8th July 1340 (the earliest deed in this collection). John de Mockyng died in 1347 leaving the property to his son John, who died in 1360. The Mocking family gave their name to the manor, as is shown by a deed of 1427 first describing the property as the ""manor called Mokking"".

About 1360, it came into the hands of Roger Shipbroke and his wife Margaret who settled it on their daughter Margerie and her husband Helming Leget. Their grandson Thomas inherited it in 1427 but mortgaged it to John Gedeney, a wealthy draper and alderman of the City of London. John Gedeney retained Mockings and also acquired the remaining two thirds of Bruces and the other two Tottenham manors, Dawbeneys and Pembrokes. The four manors remained united after this and passed to Gedeney's daughter and her husband, and their daughter Thomasina and her husband John Risley. The Risleys left no surviving children, and the manors were regained by the crown and granted to Sir William Compton.

It is perhaps worth noting that the holders of this property probably did not live in Tottenham themselves but may have "farmed" or leased the manors to other people. Helming Leget was described as "of Essex", and John Gedeney leased Mokkings to Thomas Remmy, a goldsmith, in 1442, when the manor was in the tenure and occupation of Richard Pigot.

In 1086 Twickenham was part of the manor of Isleworth Syon. It is not mentioned as a separate manor until 1445 when it was held by the York family. It was sold in 1538 to Edward Seymour, later the Lord Protector, who later swapped it with the Crown for other lands. It was granted to Queen Henrietta Maria in 1629. The Crown leased out the manor houses and lands, and finally sold the manorial rights in 1836. By 1909 the manorial rights had lapsed.

Source of information: 'Twickenham: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 147-150 (available online).

The Manor and Prebend of Wenlocks Barn was situated in the parishes of Saint Luke, Old Street and Saint Leonard Shoreditch. Tenants included St Bartholomew's Hospital, the Chamber of London and the Prebend of More.

The Court Baron was the principal type of manorial court, and was the court of the chief tenants of the manor. It was responsible for the internal regulation of local affairs within the manor, and was attended by all those free tenants whose attendance at court was a condition of their tenure, and by customary tenants. Customary tenants held land by an agreement made at the manor court which was entered on its roll, a 'copy' of which was his regarded as proof of title.
The Manor of Westington was in the area around Hatfield in Hertfordshire.

The manor of Worcesters was formed in 1298 by John of Enfield. The manor was named for the owner in 1470, John, earl of Worcester. In 1550 it was granted to Princess Elizabeth. As queen she granted it to Robert Cecil, although it was later sold and passed through various owners. The house and land were purchased by the Enfield Urban District Council in 1951.

Source of information: 'Enfield: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5: Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham (1976), pp. 224-229.

In the Domesday book the manor of Stepney is described as part of the demense lands of the Bishop of London. In 1550 Bishop Ridley gave the manor to King Edward VI, who granted it to Lord Wentworth, and it subsequently passed to the Earls of Cleveland. The manor then passed to the Colebrooke family.

The manor of Worcesters was established in 1298 from land granted to the son of the Lord of Enfield. In 1550 it was granted to Princess Elizabeth, who, as Queen, granted it to Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury.

Elsie Maria Mansbridge, nèe Hedin, was born 1918; educated at Oaklea School, Buckhurst Hill; attended Queen Elizabeth College gaining a BSc in Household and Social Science, 1936-1940.

Mansion House has been the official residence of the Lord Mayor of London since 1753. It includes the Justice Room where the Mayor held a Magistrates' Court. To this end, incorporated into the fabric of the building are 11 holding cells, including 'the birdcage' for female prisoners.

The final sitting of the Mansion House Justice Room took place on 25 July 1991. It was then amalgamated with the Guildhall Justice Room to form the City of London Magistrates' court, with new premises at 1 Queen Victoria Street, EC4, opened by the Lord Chancellor on 13 Nov 1991.

Papers relating to the Fathers 4 Justice campaign.

Patrick Manson was born in 1844 and studied medicine at Aberdeen University, passing M.B. and C.M. in 1865. In 1866 he became medical officer of Formosa for the Chinese imperial maritime customs, moving to Amoy in 1871. Here, while working on elephantoid diseases, he discovered in the tissues of blood-sucking mosquitoes the developmental phase of filaria worms. From 1883 to 1889 he was based in Hong Kong, where he set up a school of medicine that developed into the university and medical school of Hong Kong. Returning to London, he became physician to the Seaman's Hospital in 1892. He played a central role in the development of tropical medicine as a distinct discipline, publishing on tropical diseases, being instrumental in the setting up of the London School of Tropical Medicine in 1899, and becoming physician and advisor to the Colonial Office in 1897. He propounded the theory that malaria was propagated by mosquitoes, a theory to be proved by Sir Ronald Ross (1857-1932). He was made F.R.S. in 1900 and K.C.M.G. in 1903; he died in 1922.

Patrick Manson was born in 1844 and studied medicine at Aberdeen University, passing M.B. and C.M. in 1865. In 1866 he became medical officer of Formosa for the Chinese imperial maritime customs, moving to Amoy in 1871. Here, while working on elephantoid diseases, he discovered in the tissues of blood-sucking mosquitoes the developmental phase of filaria worms. From 1883 to 1889 he was based in Hong Kong, where he set up a school of medicine that developed into the university and medical school of Hong Kong. Returning to London, he became physician to the Seaman's Hospital in 1892. He played a central role in the development of tropical medicine as a distinct discipline, publishing on tropical diseases, being instrumental in the setting up of the London School of Tropical Medicine in 1899, and becoming physician and advisor to the Colonial Office in 1897. He propounded the theory that malaria was propagated by mosquitoes, a theory to be proved by Sir Ronald Ross (1857-1932). He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1900 and awarded CMG, 1900, KCMG in 1903, and GCMG, 1912; he died in 1922.

Kenneth Vundukayi Manyonda was born in 1934 in Buhero, in Southern Rhodesia. After completing his education he worked in various jobs in the industrial and commercial sector. He became a member of the African National Congress of Rhodesia not long after its formation, and then joined the National Democratic Party after the banning of the ANC, becoming the local branch secretary of the NDP in Gwelo. After a short period working in Livingstone, Northern Rhodesia, Manyonda returned to Gwelo in 1962, where he was asked to become chairman of the Gwelo branch of ZAPU. Also at this time, Manyonda first became involved in trade union activity. He obtained a post as an accounts clerk for Charles W Hall Ltd., a hosiery manufacturing company, and when workers at the factory decided to form themselves into a branch of the Textile Workers' Union of Rhodesia, Manyonda was elected their chairman. At a national meeting in Gatooma, the Union's name was changed to the United Textile Workers Union of Rhodesia, and Manyonda was elected President.
Following the split in ZAPU and the formation of ZANU in 1963, Manyonda joined the latter organisation. He became vice-chairman of the Gwelo branch, and was increasingly involved in both political and trade union activities. In 1966 he was arrested and began what turned out to be over two years of detention. On his release in 1968, he found himself unemployable in industry. Instead, he obtained a full-time position with his union, first resigning his presidency which had continued during his detention. Manyonda organised the publication of a union newspaper, which led to his election as Publicity Secretary for the African Trades Union Congress. However, he then made the decision to leave Rhodesia, having obtained a British Government grant to study industrial relations in the UK. He arrived in Britain in 1970, with his two young sons, and wrote the autobiographical account while there.
At some date after the writing of this account, Manyonda returned to Rhodesia and ultimately became involved in the Government of the independent Zimbabwe, latterly holding the position of Provincial Governor of Manicaland.

The Netherleigh Arms Coffee Tavern was established as a temperance public house in 1893.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Born, 1834; Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1863; Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries of London, 1866; Member of the British Medical Association; Medical Ref., Pearl Assurance Company; Surgeon, St Marylebone Provident Dispensary and St James and St Anne's General Dispensaries; died, 1897.

No information was available at the time of compilation.

Manton Marble was born in Massachusetts on 16 November 1835. He joined the Evening Post in 1858, having moved to New York. He was the proprietor and editor of the New York World, 1862-1876. Nine years later he travelled to Europe as a delegate at the Bi-Metallic Congress.

Alexander John Gaspard Marcet was born in Geneva in 1770. He attended Edinburgh University in 1794 and graduated Doctor of Medicine in 1797. He settled in London, and was admitted a Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians in 1799. He was also appointed Physician to the City dispensary in 1799. He was appointed Physician to Guy's Hospital in 1804. He was placed in charge of a temporary military hospital at Portsmouth in 1809, after which he returned to London and Guy's Hospital. Upon the death of his father-in-law he came into an ample fortune and began to withdraw from practice and devote himself to science and literature. He resigned his post at Guy's in 1819, and returned to Geneva, being appointed a member of the Representative Council, and an honorary Professor of Chemistry. He gave a course of lectures on Chemistry with Dr de la Rive, in 1820. He returned to England in 1821, and died in 1822. He was a fellow of the Royal and Geographical Societies, and an original promoter of the Medico-Chirurgical Society.

John March (fl 1768-1774) was a Turkey merchant, with premises at 60 Mark Lane. He died sometime between 2 September and 2 December 1774. After that date the firm was taken over by his nephew Thomas March. In the London directory of 1777 the address is given as 58 Leman Street, Goodman's Fields. This is the last reference to the firm traceable in London directories.

John March (fl 1768-1774) was a Turkey merchant, with premises at 60 Mark Lane. He died sometime between 2 September and 2 December 1774. After that date the firm was taken over by his nephew Thomas March.

In the London directory of 1777 the address is given as 58 Leman Street, Goodman's Fields. This is the last reference to the firm traceable in London directories.

No information was available at the time of compilation.

Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed.

Bargain and sale was an early form of conveyance often used in the sixteenth century and by executors to convey land; the bargainee or person to whom the land was bargained and sold, became seised of the land.

Quitclaim was a deed renouncing any possible right to a property. The name derives from the Latin term Quietus Clamatus.

Feoffment was an early form of conveyance involving a simple transfer of freehold land by deed followed by in a ceremony called livery of seisin.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

William Walmsley: born, 1868; engineer; lived in Salford, Manchester; his firm Bousteads asked him to accompany a consignment of machinery to Zanzibar to instal in their coconut processing works, 1891; travelled from Gravesend to Zanzibar, 1891; contracted a fever and entered the French Hospital, where he died, 1891.

William Marsden was born in Sheffield in August 1796. He moved to London, 1816, and became apprentice to Mr Dale, a surgeon practicing in Holborn. He trained at the Anatomical School of Joshua Brookes in Blenheim Street, and at St Bartholomew's Hospital under John Abernethy. In 1820 he married Elizabeth-Ann Bishop and also became a member of the Worshipful Company of Cordwainers. He obtained membership of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1827. His inability later in that year to obtain hospital treatment for an 18 year old girl, whom he found on the steps of St Andrew's Church, Holborn, almost dead of disease and starvation, turned his attention to the question of hospital relief. At that time treatment was only given to patients with a governor's letter. In 1828 he set up a small dispensary, the London General Institution for the Gratuitous Cure of Malignant Diseases, in Greville Street, Hatton Garden. The Institution initially met with great opposition, but in 1832 its value became widely recognised as it alone, of all the London hospitals, received cholera patients. After the epidemic the in-patient beds remained, and the hospital changed its name to the London Free Hospital. In 1842 the hospital moved to the Light Horse Volunteers Barracks in Gray's Inn Road. Marsden was senior surgeon of the hospital, and in 1838 he obtained the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the University of Erlangen. In 1846 Elizabeth-Ann Marsden died of cancer, and in 1851 Marsden opened a small house in Cannon Row, Westminster, for patients suffering from cancer. Within 10 years the institution moved to Brompton, and became known as the Cancer Hospital, of which Marsden was also the senior surgeon (The Hospital was renamed the Royal Marsden in 1954). In 1846 he married Elizabeth Abbott, daughter of Frances Abbott, a solicitor and member of the RFH Committee of Mamagement. Marsden died of bronchitis in 1867.

Alexander Edwin Marsden was born on 22 Sept 1832, the son of William and Elizabeth-Ann Marsden. He was educated at Wimbledon School and King's College London. He became a licenciate of the Society of Apothecaries, 1853; and MRCS 1854;. He joined the army in 1854 as staff assistant surgeon, and served in the Crimean War. On his return to Britain he was appointed surgeon to the Royal Free Hospital, where he was also curator of the museum and general superintendent. At the Cancer Hospital he was surgeon, 1853-1884, and consulting surgeon, 1884-1902. He married his cousin Catherine Marsden in 1856. He was awarded the degree of Doctor of Medicine by the University of St Andrews, 1862; and was elected FRCS, 1868. In 1898 he was elected Master of the Worshipful Company of Cordwainers. He died 2 July 1902.

No information was available at the time of compilation.

De La Mare was born on 25 April 1873 at Charlton in Kent. He was educated at St Paul's Cathedral Choristers' School, where he edited the school magazine. He then entered the service of the Anglo-American Oil Company for which he worked until 1908. He began his literary career with Songs of Childhood (1902), followed by a vast array of poems, stories, novels, books for children and anthologies. He died at Twickenham on 22 June 1956.

Walter de la Mare was born in Woolwich, Kent in 1873. He was educated at St Paul's Cathedral choir school. Between the ages of 17 and 35 he worked in the statistics division of the Anglo-American Oil Company, spending much of his free time reading and writing. A royal bounty grant in 1908 and a civil list pension in 1915 enabled him to give up his job and write full-time. His first book of poems was published in 1902 and his first novel in 1904. His best-known poem is probably The Listeners (1912).

Lilian Mary Marfell (1876-[1965]) was born in Guildford, Surrey, the daughter of a farmer. She began working as a probationer at the Westminster Hospital in 1901 having previously worked at a cottage hospital, and was promoted to staff nurse in 1903. She left the Hospital prior to 1914. She was also a member of the Royal Pension Fund for Nurses.

The Royal Pension Fund for Nurses was founded in 1887 as the National Pension Fund for Nurses by Henry C Burdett (1847-1920), and based at 8 King Street, Cheapside, London. The chief object of the Fund was to provide nurses with a retirement income or give allowances for nurses who found themselves unable to work through sickness or accident. Burdett used his connections to the Prince and Princess of Wales to secure their patronage for the Fund.

The Fund was based upon the contribution of members, the profits made from investments of these contributions, and a Donation Bonus Fund. The Fund attracted a number of benefactors, with the first donation of £20,000 received from Junius S. Morgan (head of merchant bank J S Morgan and Company, which in 1910 became Morgan, Grenfell and Company). The Fund's administrators solicited further donations and annual subscriptions from both from individual donors and organisations involved in the training and employment of nurses.

An allied organisation, the Morgan Benevolent Fund, was established as a memorial to Junius Morgan. The Morgan Benevolent Fund offered relief to members of the Royal Pension Fund for Nurses who were in distress or unable to keep up their pension contributions as well as annuities for Fund members over 60 who, through no fault of their own, were unable to provide for themselves after the age of 60.

In 1901 Marfell was one of the eighth and ninth thousandth nurses to join the fund and was therefore invited to a reception for the Fund's nurses held by the Fund's president, Queen Alexandra, at Marlborough House.

This Society was founded in 1791 by Sir William Blizard (1743-1835), a surgeon at the London Hospital, to provide social welfare services for patients of the hospital. The Society provided services that went beyond the London Hospital's resources, such as financial aid, assistance with lodging and travel, the supply of surgical appliances, artificial limbs, and the provision of convalescent facilities.
In 1898, the Society received a large annual subscription from James Hora (1826-1917), a Vice-President of the London Hospital, in memory of his first wife, Marie-Celeste. Hora wanted to honour her memory by donating to a good cause. The name of the Society was changed to the 'Marie Celeste' Samaritan Society in 1899. Hora left £120,000 to the Society in his will and donated money to endow the Marie Celeste maternity wards.
Each application for assistance that the Society received was reviewed by a committee responsible for the allocation of the funds and services, which met weekly to consider each application. The Society made a significant contribution to the work of the London Hospital throughout the years and is still in existence, continuing to apply the philanthropic ideals that led to its development.

By the Merchant Shipping Act of 1854, the responsibility for maintaining a systematic wreck register was taken over by the Marine Department of the Board of Trade; for a short period before this date it had been the responsibility of the Admiralty. Between 1864 and 1867 the Wreck Department was created to deal with wrecks, salvage and related matters.

The Marine Insurance Company is an insurance company dealing in marine, aviation and transit insurance, based in Leadenhall Street, London. It was established in 1836 and became a limited liability company in 1881. In 1917 it became part of the London and Lancashire Insurance Group and since 1961 it has been a member of the Royal Group of insurance companies.

The Marine Society was founded in 1756 by Jonas Hanway (1712-1786) and others to provide men for the Navy. While men going to sea were fitted out with clothing, boys were invited to attend the Society's office where they could obtain some basic education and wait until they were applied for by captains or masters. In its first year of activity the Society supplied the Navy with 1,961 men and 1,580 boys. In 1763 the Society almost ceased operation, though boys were still assisted in finding work ashore, such as ropemaking and boatbuilding. However from 1769 the income from a bequest was used by the Society to continue its work and in 1772 the Society was strengthened by an act of Parliament for incorporation. From 1786 boys were prepared for sea aboard a training ship; in 1862 the Warspite, a third rate built in 1807, was obtained from the Admiralty and, though other vessels succeeded it, the name of this ship was preserved. The Society continues to function and has recently absorbed a number of other marine charities that are concerned with serving seafarers. See J Hanway, 'The origin, progress and present state of the Marine Society' (London, 1770). There are also other books and pamphlets by Hanway on the Marine Society and related subjects.

Marischal College, a Protestant college founded in 1593, was united with King's College in 1860 to form the University of Aberdeen, and remains one of its sites.

Jean Nicolas Marjolin (1780-1850) was a surgeon and morbid anatomist who lectured at the Paris Faculté de Médécine.

René Marjolin (1812-1895), son of the surgeon Jean Nicolas Marjolin, served as surgeon to the children's hospital of Sainte Eugénie, Paris. During the siege of Paris and the Commune, 1870-1871, Marjolin was active in treating the wounded until he was arrested as a Bonapartist agent.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Born, 1841; educated at home and at Eastman's Royal Naval Academy, Southsea; entered the Royal Navy, 1856; served eight years on the China station; served in the Mediterranean and then on the Australian station; took advantage of a period of leave to sail as second mate in the whaler ARCTIC to Davis Strait and Baffin's Bay in order to study ice conditions, 1873; commanded HMS ALERT in the Arctic expedition under George Strong Nares, 1875-1876; accompanied Sir Henry Gore-Booth on a cruise to Novaya Zemlya, 1879; surveyed ice conditions in Hudson Strait and Bay, 1886; served in the Pacific, 1879-1882; captain of HMS VERNON, the naval torpedo school at Portsmouth, 1883-1886; commodore of the training squadron, 891-1892; second in command of the Mediterranean squadron under Sir George Tryon, 1892; commander-in-chief at the Nore, 1901-1904; retired from the navy, 1906; died, 1918.

Publications: A Whaling Cruise to Baffin's Bay (1874).

A Polar Reconnaissance(1879)

Born, 1830; educated: private school at Cheam, Surrey, 1839-1842 and Westminster School, 1842-1844; joined the Royal Navy as a cadet; first sailed on HMS COLLINGWOOD to South America; transferred to the Arctic squadron and sailed on the ASSISTANCE in search of Franklin, 1850-1851; left the Royal Navy; expedition to Peru, 1852-1853; returned to England and took up a position at what was to become the India Office, 1854; commissioned to carry from Peru to India seeds of the cinchona tree; built up the geographical department of the India Office in London; took unauthorized leave to sail to Greenland with the north polar expedition, 1867-1868, and was obliged to resign in 1877 as a consequence; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1853-1916; one of the Society's Honorary Secretaries, 1863-1888; President of the RGS, 1893-1905; died, 1916.

Publications: Franklin's Footsteps

(1853)

Cuzco … and Lima

(1856)

Travels in Peru and India
(1862)

Peruvian Bark

(1880)

Memoir on the Indian Surveys

(1871)

History of the Abyssinian Expedition

(1869),

Richard III

(1906)

Clements Markham was born in 1830. He served in the Royal Navy from 1844 to 1851, taking part in the search for Sir John Franklin (1786-1847). In 1853 he entered the civil service, being from 1867 to 1877 in charge of the geographical work of the India Office. During the latter years of the 19th century he lobbied for the resumption of Polar exploration by the United Kingdom, his pressure lying behind the 1875 Nares expedition to the Arctic. He was President of the Royal Geographical Society from 1893 to 1905 and became a Knight-Commander of the Bath in 1896. He died in 1916.

Markham entered the Navy in 1856 and served for eight years on the China Station in the CAMILLA, NIGER, RETRIBUTION, IMPERIEUSE, COROMANDEL and CENTAUR.He was promoted to lieutenant in 1862 and served in the VICTORIA in the Mediterranean from 1864 to 1867 and in the BLANCHE on the Australian Station from 1868 to 1871. He was then acting commander of the ROSARIO, 1871 to 1872, during a voyage to the New Hebrides in connection with the suppression of the South Seas labour trade. He became a commander in 1872 and, while on leave in 1873, sailed in the whaler ARCTIC to Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. From 1873 to 1874 he served in the SULTAN, Channel Squadron. Markham was commander of the ALERT under Sir George Nares during the British Arctic expedition of 1875 to 1876. His sledging party reached remained a record until 1895. 1879 he accompanied Sir Henry Gore-Booth (1800-1881) on a cruise to Novaya Zemlya. He was Captain of the TRIUMPH, flagship on the Pacific Station, 1879 to 1882, and Captain of VERNON, 1883 to 1886. In 1885 he was senior officer on board the HECLA torpedo depot ship, when she collided with the schooner CHEERFUL. Whilst on leave in 1886 Markham made a survey of Hudson Bay and Strait for the proposed Hudson Bay Railway Company. From 1886 to 1889 he was Commodore of the Training Squadron. He was promoted to rear-admiral in 1891 and from 1892 to 1894 was second-in-command in the Mediterranean. In 1893, off the Syrian coast, Markham's flagship the CAMPERDOWN collided with the fleet flagship, the VICTORIA, which sank with great loss of life. The courts-martial exonerated Markham but he was later censured in an Admiralty minute. He became vice-admiral in 1897 and served on the Joint Antarctic Committee and on the Executive Committee for Scott's first Antarctic expedition of 1901 to 1904 in the DISCOVERY. He was Commander-in-Chief at the NORE, 1901 to 1904, knighted in 1903 and retired in 1906. Markham combined his naval career with a considerable literary output, which included The cruise of the Rosario (London, 1873), The great frozen sea (London, 1878) (on the British Arctic expedition), a Life of Sir John Franklin, (London, 1889) and a Life of Sir Clements R. Markham (London, 1917). See M.E. and F.A. Markham, The Life of Sir Albert Hastings Markham (Cambridge, 1927).

Violet Rosa Markham, 1872-1959, grew up near Chesterfield and maintained links with the town throughout her life. Her independent income allowed her to devote much of her time to public service, both locally and nationally, and to travel extensively. Markham's first interest was education. She was a member of the Chesterfield Education Authority from 1899 to 1934, and in 1902, she was the founder President of the Chesterfield Settlement, an educational foundation for the local community. At the outbreak of World War I, the National Relief Fund was established to alleviate distress caused by the war. The fund dispensed aid to service families and dependents, as well as civilians. The experience of serving on the Executive Committee of this organisation left Violet Markham with a lifelong interest in reducing the effects of poverty and unemployment, especially with regard to women. In 1934, she became a member of the Unemployment Assistance Board and she also worked on the Central Committee on Women's Employment. Markham was also active politically. She stood as an Independent Liberal for the Mansfield Division of Nottinghamshire in the 1918 general election, was elected as a town councillor for Chesterfield in 1924, and served as Mayor of Chesterfield in 1927.

The certificates relate to ceremonies in St Mary Lambeth, St Clement Danes, St Luke Old Street, St Leonard Shoreditch and Christ Church Hoxton.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Marlborough Street court was one of the seven Public Offices established in 1792. It has the distinction of being the only Metropolitan Police Court to remain on its original site, 21 Great Marlborough Street, Westminster.

An Act of 1792 established seven 'Public Offices' (later Police offices and Police courts) in the central Metropolitan area. The aim was to establish fixed locations where 'fit and able magistrates' would attend at fixed times to deal with an increasing number of criminal offences.

Offices were opened in St Margaret Westminster, St James Westminster, Clerkenwell, Shoreditch, Whitechapel, Shadwell and Southwark. An office in Bow Street, Covent Garden, originally the home of the local magistrate, had been operating for almost 50 years and was largely the model for the new offices.

In 1800 the Marine Police Office or Thames Police Office, opened by 'private enterprise' in 1798, was incorporated into the statutory system. In 1821 an office was opened in Marylebone, apparently replacing the one in Shadwell.

Each office was assigned three Justices of the Peace. They were to receive a salary of £400 per annum. These were the first stipendiary magistrates. Later they were expected to be highly qualified in the law, indeed, to be experienced barristers. This distinguished them from the local lay justices who after the setting up of Police Offices were largely confined, in the Metropolitan area, to the licensing of innkeepers. In addition each office could appoint up to six constables to be attached to it.

The commonly used term of 'Police Court' was found to be misleading. The word 'police' gave the impression that the Metropolitan Police controlled and administered the courts. This was never the case, the word 'police' was being used in its original meaning of 'pertaining to civil administration', 'regulating', etc.

In April 1965 (following the Administration of Justice Act 1964) the London Police Courts with their stipendiary magistrates were integrated with the lay magistrates to form the modern Inner London Magistrates' Courts.

The police courts dealt with a wide range of business coming under the general heading of 'summary jurisdiction', i.e. trial without a jury. The cases heard were largely criminal and of the less serious kind. Over the years statutes created many offences that the courts could deal with in addition to Common Law offences. Examples include: drunk and disorderly conduct, assault, theft, begging, possessing stolen goods, cruelty to animals, desertion from the armed forces, betting, soliciting, loitering with intent, obstructing highways, and motoring offences. Non-criminal matters included small debts concerning income tax and local rates, landlord and tenant matters, matrimonial problems and bastardy.

Offences beyond the powers of the Court would normally be passed to the Sessions of the Peace or Gaol Delivery Sessions in the Old Bailey (from 1835 called the Central Criminal Court). From the late 19th century such cases would be the subject of preliminary hearings or committal proceedings in the magistrates' courts.

Outside the London Police Court Area but within the administrative county of Middlesex lay justices continued to deal with both criminal offences and administrative matters such as the licensing of innkeepers.

The exact area covered by a Court at any particular time can be found in the Kelly's Post Office London Directories, available on microfilm at LMA. The entries are based on the original Orders-in-Council establishing police court districts. A map showing police court districts is kept in the Information Area of LMA with other reference maps. Please ask a member of staff for assistance.

Hans van Marle was born Adrianus van Marle in Baarn, Holland in 1922. During the Second World War, he joined the Dutch resistance and operated under a false name from 1943. He was deeply interested in Indonesia, having travelled to the Dutch East Indies in 1946: a lengthy article by van Marle on the new republic of Indonesia was published in a student newspaper in 1948. The first of numerous articles by van Marle on Joseph Conrad, a note on Lingard, was published in 1960. Van Marle also edited two volumes on Indonesian history. From 1957-1975 van Marle was involved in editing Delta: A Review of Arts, Life and Thought in the Netherlands. He was awarded an honorary life membership of the Joseph Conrad (UK) Society in 1996.

Not given.

The papers in this collection pertain to a competition organised by W Marmorek to create the best English translation of a poem originally written in German concerning life in Buchenwald concentration camp.

Marmorek was originally asked to help out with the translation by a friend and former inmate of Buchenwald. He placed an advertisement in the AJR Newsletter offering a prize for the best translation.

Philip de la Hay le Marquand was a City and Guilds evening class student at the Northampton Polytechnic Institute, 1923-1924.

Paul Ehrlich was a leading medical researcher of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1908. He is best remembered for 'Dr Ehrlich's Magic Bullet', Compound 606, the arsephanemine drug salvarsan which was a cure for syphilis, discovered in 1909.