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Cape Coast Castle, a fortification in Ghana, was built to secure the trade in timber and gold and later used in the trans-Atlantic slave trade. It was first built in 1653 in timber for the Swedish Africa Company; later rebuilt in stone and seized by the Danes before being conquered by the British in 1654. It was extensively rebuilt by the 'Committee of Merchants' and in 1844 became the seat of the colonial Government of the British Gold Coast.

The Royal African Company was established by the Stuarts and London Merchants for slaving following the Restoration in 1660. The Company was led by James, Duke of York and brother to King Charles II, and was originally known as the Company of Royal Adventurers Trading to Africa. The company abandoned slaving in 1731 and began trafficking ivory and gold dust. Charles Hayes was the sub-governor of the Company until 1752 when it was dissolved and succeeded by the Africa Company. The Company's logo was of an elephant and a castle; the Royal Africa Company provided gold to the English mint, 1668-1772 and coins made from this gold bore a depiction of an elephant below the bust of the monarch and were named the 'guinea'.

William Martin Conway, was born on 12 April 1856 at Rochester; educated at Repton School and from 1875 at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history, graduating BA in 1879 and MA in 1882. He was a Cambridge University extension lecturer from 1882 to 1885. Conway climbed extensively in the Alps as an undergraduate, and was elected to the Alpine Club in 1877. In 1881 he published the Zermatt Pocketbook, the model for a series of Conway and Coolidge's Climbers' Guides. Conway was responsible for many beautiful mountain names, such as Wellenkuppe, Windjoch, and Dent du Requin.

Conway became Roscoe Professor of Art at University College, Liverpool, in 1885; published books on Reynolds, Gainsborough, early Flemish artists, and Albrecht Dürer; later resigning from his Liverpool position in 1888, moving to London, where he frequented the Savile Club, gave lectures, and published a book on the art of the ancient world.

In 1892 Conway led a large-scale mountaineering expedition to the Karakoram Conway's large party surveyed the Baltoro glacier and the region around K2, and ascended Pioneer Peak on Baltoro Kangri, which at 6890 metres may have constituted an altitude record at the time.

After publishing a book about the Karakoram in 1894, he walked the length of the Alps with two Gurkha soldiers, forming the basis of a popular book, The Alps from End to End,1895. He received a knighthood in 1895 and shortly afterwards made an unsuccessful bid to win a seat in Parliament as a Liberal. In 1896 Conway surveyed in Spitsbergen, In 1898 Conway travelled south to climb Illimani in Bolivia and Aconcagua in Argentina with two alpine guides.

In 1901 he was offered a term as the Slade Professor of Fine Arts at Cambridge; resumed writing art history, including works on Tuscan art, the great masters, the Van Eycks, and Giorgione. He resigned the Slade Professorship in 1904. He served as President of the Alpine Club from 1902 to 1904; first President of the Alpine Ski Club in 1908; was a Fellow of Royal Geographical Society, 1893-1937 and was awarded the Founders Medal of the Royal Geographical Society in 1905.

In 1917, Conway was appointed Director-General of the Imperial War Museum, an honorary post which he retained until his death. He received an honorary LittD from both Durham and Manchester in 1919.

Conway served as a trustee of the Wallace Collection and the National Portrait Gallery and was active in the Society of Authors and the Society of Antiquaries. He was one of the first to realize the value of the systematic and comprehensive collection of photographic records of architecture and art and he presented his own collection of 100,000 photographs to the Courtauld Institute of Art. In later years he published several autobiographical works: Mountain Memories, 1920, Episodes of a Varied Life, 1932, and A Pilgrim's Quest for the Divine, 1936. He died on 19 April 1937.

Sir George Howard Darwin was born on 9 July 1845 at Down House, Downe, Kent and was the second son of the naturalist, Charles Darwin; educated from 1856 at Clapham grammar school, he studied mathematics and science. Darwin failed to gain entrance scholarships at the University of Cambridge in 1863 and 1864, but matriculated at Trinity College in 1864. In 1866, Darwin won a foundation scholarship at Trinity and in 1868 was placed second wrangler in the tripos, winning the second Smith's prize; later that autumn he was elected a Fellow of Trinity. Darwin made law his profession, studying in London from 1869 to 1872, though he never practised due to illness. He turned to scientific pursuits, returning to Trinity in 1873.

Darwin studied the solar system, tidal theory, geodesy and dynamic meteorology. His first major scientific paper concerned geodesy and was entitled 'On the influence of geological changes on the earth's axis of rotation', it was read before the Royal Society in 1876. In 1879 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and by the mid-1880s he was well on his way to becoming a central figure of the scientific aristocracy of late Victorian and Edwardian Britain. In 1883 he succeeded James Challis as Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy at Cambridge and won the Telford medal of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Darwin was an influential member of the Seismological Congress and the meteorological council to the Royal Society.

By the 1890s, Darwin was considered Britain's leading geodesist; he urged his country's membership in the International Geodetic Association,and later became its vice-president. Darwin's researches laid the groundwork for the startling growth of the geophysical sciences and in 1911 he was awarded the Copley medal of the Royal Society, the country's highest scientific distinction. Darwin was made a Knight Commander of the Bath in 1905 after his successful presidency of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Darwin died at Newnham Grange on 7 December 1912 of cancer.

F S A Bourne was a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society 1886-1912. He worked for the China Consular Service and was in charge of the Blackburn Commercial Mission to China. No biographical history concerning Tratman was available at the time of compilation.

Born, 1869; educated, Farnborough School, 1879-1882 and Sandhurst, 1882-1889; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1893-1901; Scots Guards, 1899; served in Somaliland and Abyssinia, 1894; Foreign Office, Uganda, 1894-1895; took part in Ungoro, Nile and Nandi expeditions where he undertook surveying; awarded the Murchison Grant, 1897; served in West Africa, 1896-1897; Egypt, 1897-1899; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, South Africa, [1900]-1901; died, 1901.

Publications: Campaigning on the Upper Nile and Niger (1898)

Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1889-1903; member of the Rangoon cotton traders Biedermann Sherriff and Co.

Born, 1796; appointed to the public service, 1812; sent to Sicily, 1814; accompanied the expedition to Naples that restored the Bourbon dynasty after the fall of Murat, 1815; junior secretary to Lord Castlereagh's extraordinary embassy for the settlement of the general peace of Europe upon the overthrow of Napoleon, Paris, 1815; assistant to Lord Castlereagh's private secretary, Joseph Planta, 1816; Ionian Islands, arranging with Ali Pasha of Yanina in Albania the cession of Parga and the indemnities for the Parganots, 1816; recalled to England, 1818; accompanied Lord Castlereagh to the congress of Aix-la-Chapelle; commissioner and consul-general to Buenos Aires, 1823, and in 1825 chargé d'affaires; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1833-1882; Chief Commissioner to Naples, 1840-1845; died, 1882.

Born, 1843; commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1862, he joined the Survey of India in 1865 and surveyed much of the North West frontier and Afghanistan; appointed to the Russian/Afghan boundary commisision in 1884 and later to the Pamir and the Perso/Baluch commissions; he settled the Argentine/Chile border dispute in 1902; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1868; Founders Medal, RGS, 1887; President of the RGS, 1917-1919; died, 1929.

Led expeditions in Canada including Southampton Island, 1936, Baffin Island, [1943] and Hudson Bay, [1947]; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1933- ; awarded the Patron's Medal in 1948.

Verney Lovett Cameron was born in 1844. A naval Lieutenant, Cameron was selected by the Royal Geographical Society to lead an expedition to find David Livingstone in 1872; Livingstone had died when Cameron reached central Africa; Cameron then crossed tropical Africa from east to west, the first European to do so; awarded the CB by Queen Victoria and the Gold Medal of the RGS. Cameron was a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society 1876-1894 and died in 1894.

W C Fox served with the Royal Army Medical Corps in India, 1916-1919.

Born, 1843; educated at Brighton College; Royal Military Academy at Woolwich; obtained a commission in the Royal Engineers, 1864; served in India, 1869-1871; stationed at Aldershot, Chatham, and Woolwich, 1871-1876; joined Colonel Valentine Baker's journey to Persia, 1873; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1874-1882; ordered to Hong Kong, and while there obtained leave to travel in China, 1876; gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society, 1879; intelligence branch of the War Office; sent to Constantinople as assistant boundary commissioner for the new boundary between Turkey and Russia, 1879; obtained leave to go to India to join Sir Charles Macgregor, as a survey officer, in his expedition against the Maris, -1881; granted leave of absence to explore the provinces between Tunis and Egypt, 1881-1882; deputy assistant adjutant-general, Egypt, 1882; died, 1882.

W O McEwan was awarded the Royal Geographical Society Cuthbert Peek grant to travel to Lake Nyasa to take up the work of James Stewart of the 'Lake Junction road', 1884. Before leaving for Africa he took a course of instruction on Practical Astronomy at the Royal Geographical Society. He died sometime before 1888.

Katherine Maria Routledge was born 1866; graduated from Somerville Hall, 1895; taught courses through the Extension Division and at Darlington Training College; after the Second Boer War, she traveled to South Africa with a committee to investigate the resettlement of single working women from England to South Africa; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1900-1939; married William Scoresby Routledge, 1906; died, 1935.

William Scoresby Routledge was born in 1859; married Katherine Maria Pease, 1906; died, 1939.

The Routledges went to live among the Kikuyu people of British East Africa (now Kenya) and jointly published With A Prehistoric People (1910); they organised an expedition to Easter Island, 1910, affiliated with the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the British Museum and the Royal Geographical Society; the expedition, on the schooner MANA, departed, 1913 and arrived 1914; they left Easter Island, 1915.

Born, USA, 1912; educated Lincoln School, New York, Dartington Hall, Totnes, Devon, 1925-1931; Trinity College, Cambridge, 1931-1933; left Cambridge to devote himself to motor sport, 1933; formed the Straight Corporation, 1935; Royal Auxiliary Air Force, 1940; air aide-de-camp to King George VI, 1944; first deputy chairman and managing director of British European Airways, 1946; chairman of Government advisory committee on private flying, 1947; chairman of the Royal Aero Club, 1946-1951; deputy chairman British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), 1947; executive vice-chairman BOAC 1949-1957; executive vice-chairman, Rolls-Royce Ltd, 1955; deputy chairman; chairman, 1971-1976; board of the Midland Bank, 1956; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1964-1979; deputy chairman of the new Post Office Corporation, 1969-1974; died, 1979.

Mate in the RESOLUTE under Captain Austin in the expedition of 1850-1851; first lieutenant of the ASSISTANCE in Sir E Belcher's expedition, [1852]-1854; retired captain, 1869; died, 1896.

Bedford College for Women was founded in 1849 by Mrs Elizabeth Jesser Reid, a widow who had been left a private income by her late husband, which she used to undertake philanthropic works. Mrs Reid and her circle of well-educated friends had long espoused the need for better education for women, and in 1849, she went ahead with her plans, leasing a house at 47 Bedford Square, London, placing £1,500 with three male trustees, and persuading a number of her friends to serve on the management committees and act as teaching professors. The intention was to provide a liberal and non-sectarian education for women.

In the first few years, the 'Ladies College in Bedford Square' struggled both financially and academically. The latter problem was countered in 1853 by the opening of a school on the premises to provide a better standard of entry to the classes in the College. Some of the students became resident, staying first in 'The Residence' in Grenville St, and later in 48 Bedford Square.

Upon the death of Mrs Reid in 1866, the three Reid Trustees, who controlled a large legacy of her money, insisted upon a new constitution (as the College in fact had no legal charter), which was framed by a Committee of Management and came into effect in 1868. The College was incorporated as an Association under the Board of Trade, with Articles of Association setting out a new management structure.

The College officially became 'Bedford College', though its premises moved to 8 and 9 York Place in 1874. The two houses acted as one, with the College using the downstairs rooms and the Residence the upstairs. As numbers began to rise, the College expanded, with the addition of extensions housing science laboratories. Degree examinations of the University of London were opened to women in 1878, and Bedford students had been gaining BA, BSc and Masters degrees from the early 1880s. Another innovation was the appointment in 1893 of a Lady Principal, Miss Emily Penrose, who became responsible for both the teaching and residential aspects of Bedford College.

The student numbers were still cause for concern, for despite scholarships paid for by benefactors, the College still had no permanent endowment, and financial pressures were putting off prospective students. This changed in 1894-1895 when the London County Council made a grant of £500 to the College. Numbers began to climb, with the beginning of a thriving social and academic life for the female scholars. Bedford College was a success, with a reputation for high academic standards - it boasted the largest number of female students who had graduated with London degrees. The College became one of the constituent Colleges of the newly formed teaching University of London in 1900.

Following extensive discussions, especially relating to the inadequate representation of teachers in the management structure of the College, it was decided to apply to the Privy Council for a Royal Charter to take the place of the Deed of Incorporation. Royal Assent for this new chartered body was received in Jan 1909, and the College became officially recognised as the 'Bedford College for Women'.

The continued growth of the College led to a search for new premises which culminated in the purchase of the lease of the Regent's Park site in 1908. A huge fundraising effort was undertaken to provide the new site with all modern amenities, and the official opening took place in 1913. The College buildings continued to be extended and rebuilt throughout the 70 years the College spent at Regent's Park, especially following extensive damage following wartime bombing, and numbers of students continued to rise.

The decision to admit male undergraduates was made in 1965, following the Robbins Report of 1963, which also recommended an increase in student numbers, no small task for an already overcrowded College. Male residences were created at Tennyson Hall in Dorset Square, and Hanover Lodge in Regent's Park. Other halls became mixed sex. The name of the College was changed back to 'Bedford College'.

Despite a Development Appeal, launched in 1978, financial and accommodation pressures provoked the decision, made in 1982, to merge with Royal Holloway College at Egham, and the Bedford College Charter was revoked on 1 Aug 1985. The resulting establishment was known as the Royal Holloway and Bedford New College.

The Hygiene Course at Bedford College was established in 1896 under the encouragement of Dr Louis Parkes, Medical Officer of Health for Chelsea as he felt there was an opportunity for the training of women as hygiene inspectors. The course was recognised as being very academic and criticised as too academic for the role of hygiene inspector by some members of the medical establishment. In 1918, the Department of Hygiene was closed, but some of the staff transferred to the new Department of Social Studies where a course offering training to Health Visitors was offered. This course was again criticised as too academic and too rigorous as it was a one-year course rather than the six month minimum duration required by the Ministry of Health. However the course survived and had to adapt to meet the increasing requirements from the Ministry of Health.

In 1921, Bedford College partnered with the League of Red Cross Societies and the College of Nursing to offer courses in Public Health to international nursing students. The League of Red Cross Societies offered scholarships to qualified nurses from all over the world to study Public Health for a year in London. The students undertook academic lectures at Bedford College and completed practical work in hospitals around London and later further afield in Britain and mainland Europe. The students also had guest lecturers from other colleges including King's College, University College and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. In 1925, a second course was introduced for nurse administrators and teachers in schools of nursing. The nurses lived at a residence owned by the League of Red Cross Societies at 15 Manchester Square.

In 1934, due to financial difficulties the League of Red Cross Societies withdrew from the administration of the courses and the Florence Nightingale International Foundation was established to raise funds and provide scholarships to nurses. In 1938 the courses were merged and allowed students to choose which subjects they wanted to study. 1939 proved to be the last year of the courses as they were cancelled in September due to the beginning of World War Two.

Nursing studies was not reintroduced at Bedford College until 1981. However, since the late 1960s students had been able to take a joint degree in Sociology with a qualification as a registered nurse in conjunction with the Royal Middlesex Hospital. The Nursing Studies course was a four year BSc degree course including a qualification as a State Registered Nurse. The course only had two intakes of students due to the suspension of the course following the merger of Bedford College with Royal Holloway. The possibility of relocating the course to Royal Holloway's Egham site was considered but due to the inability to find a suitable hospital to offer practical placements, the course was permanently discontinued. The final students graduated in 1986.

The early management structure of Bedford College was decided upon in 1849 by several provisional committees set up for the purpose, and comprised a Board, a Council with executive powers, a Ladies Committee and a Professors Committee.

The Board's powers were those of a court of appeal and a body concerned with questions of constitutional change. The name was not generally used after the first few years, with the full body of members being termed the 'General Meeting'. The Board consisted of the three Trustees, the members of the Ladies Committee, three 'other gentlemen', twelve Professors and the Lady Visitors. The Board elected one lady and one gentleman of their number to sit on the Council at the Midsummer meeting, and electing new members to itself. The draft Constitution framed in 1849 had been adhered to, but never formally ratified by the Board, leaving Bedford College without a legal charter.

Following the dismissal of the Council and a period of control by a Committee of Management in 1868-1869, a Constitution was framed which was accepted by the Board and came into force in 1869. The College was incorporated as an Association under the Board of Trade, with a Memorandum and Articles of Association, and the Board was replaced by a body of Members termed 'The College', the membership of which was not to exceed one hundred, of which at least a third should be women. A new Council was to be created of nine elected Members and the Honorary Secretary. No Staff members were eligible to sit on either body. Changes in the Constitution remained the affair of the Members of the College, as did appeals from the Staff concerning dismissal. Membership of the College was increased to two hundred at two Extraordinary Meetings in 1891.

Following the incorporation of Bedford College by Royal Charter in 1909, the body of the Members of the College became known as the Governors, though there was little change in the powers accorded them. The Governors numbered two hundred in total, with the constitution stating that one-fifth should have attended Bedford College in the past. In 1965 the Charter was altered to allow for up to three hundred Governors.

General Meetings were held annually until 1869, three times a year from 1870-1896, and annually after 1897, with elections being held at the autumn meeting. In 1949 these meetings became known as Governors' Meetings. Special General Meetings were held from 1941-1951 to deal with wartime and post-war problems. From 1909 onwards, all Annual General Meetings were presided over by the Visitor, who was appointed by the Governors for a term of three years. New Governors were appointed in General Meeting following nomination by the Visitor or by any two present Governors. To the Governors also fell the task of deciding the strength and composition of the Council, and, at the Annual General Meeting, choosing several of their number to sit on that body. They were also responsible for the annual appointment of a professional auditor to oversee and report on the finances of Bedford College. In 1973, the Governors were empowered to change the Charter at Annual General Meetings.

The Fellows Sub-Committee was set up to recommend three eminent personages with connections to Bedford College as Fellows. The three became ex officio Governors. Nominations were invited annually from members of the College and submitted to the Committee through the Secretary of the Council. The Fellows Committee comprised two Governors (not Councillors), three Councillors (one of whom was a Staff member), the Deans of the Faculties and the ex officio Committee members (Chairman of Council, Vice-Chairman, Principal, Vice-Principal, and Honorary Treasurer).

Various unofficial records collated by members of Bedford College on an ad-hoc basis.

Born 1845; educated Bedford College School, 1854-1861, and Bedford College, London, 1861-1864; Member of Council, Bedford College, University of London, 1882-1885 and 1889-1936; founded the Students' Loan Fund for the Training Department, 1892; founded the Bedford College Students Association, 1894; instrumental in obtaining for the College a Parliamentary Grant as a University College, 1894, whence followed recognition by the University of London; represented Bedford College on the Council of Teachers' Guild, 1887-1925; Founder and Honorary Organising Secretary of Conference of Educational Associations since 1913; Honorary Secretary, Bedford College Building and Endowment Fund, [1903-1911]; Chairman of Secondary Technical and University Teachers Health Insurance Society; President, Bedford College Old Students Association, 1926-1928; Chairman of Governors of Amersham Grammar School, Buckinghamshire, 1928; Member of Amersham Rural District Council, 1911-1931; Chairman of Amersham Board of Guardians, 1928; died 1936.

Publications: Geography as a school subject (Teachers' Guild of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1895): Original calendars of Bedford College (London, 1888); 'Glimpses of College life' for the Bedford College Magazine, 1914-1920.

Born Harold Munro Fuchs in 1889; educated at Brighton College and Caius College, Cambridge University; worked at the Plymouth [Marine Biology] Laboratory, 1911-1912; Lecturer in Zoology, Imperial College, University of London, 1913-1914; served World War One, 1914-1918, with the Army Service Corps in Egypt, Salonika, Greece, the Balkan Peninsula and Palestine; changed name to Fox, 1914; Lecturer in Biology, Government School of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt, 1919-1923; Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge University, 1920-1928; Balfour Student, Cambridge University, 1924-1927; leader of zoological expedition to study the fauna of the Suez Canal, Egypt, 1924; Editor of Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 1926-[1967]; Professor of Zoology, Birmingham University, 1927-1941; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1937; Professor of Zoology, Bedford College, University of London, 1941-1954; Honorary President, London Natural History Society, 1950-; President, International Union of Biological Sciences, 1950-1953; Fullarian Professor of Physiology, Royal Institution, 1953-1956; Emeritus Professor, 1954; Fellow and Research Associate, Queen Mary College, University of London; retired 1954; Président d'Honneur, Zoological Society of France, 1955; Gold Medallist, Linnean Society of London, 1959; Darwin Medallist of the Royal Society, 1966; died 1967.

Publications: Biology: an introduction to the study of life (University Press, Cambridge, 1932); Blue blood in animals, and other essays in biology (Routledge and Sons, London, 1928); Selene, or sex and the moon (Kegan Paul, London, 1928); The personality of animals (Penguin Books, Harmonsworth, New York, 1940); The nature of animal colours (Sidgwick and Jackson, London, 1960); assisted with the biology sections of Elementary Science (University Press, Cambridge, 1935).

Born Agnes Kelly in 1875; educated at the Dollar Academy, Dunfirmline and Bedford College, University of London; Associate of Bedford College, 1896; gained first class honours in Zoology, 1897; went to University of Munich, Germany, where she gained her PhD and met Georg Murgoci, 1900; spent many years in Bucharest, where her husband was Professor of Mineralogy; died 1929.

Publications: Rumania and the Rumanians (Anglo-Rumanian Society, London, 1918).

Born 1885: educated Clapham High School, London, and Girton College, Cambridge University; Gilchrist Fellowship, Cambridge University, 1908-1909; Assistant Lecturer, 1909-1921, Lecturer, 1921-1929, Reader, 1929-1936, and Professor, 1936-1950, in Classics and Greek, Bedford College, University of London; Head of Greek Department, Bedford College, 1936-1950; Honorary Fellow of Girton College, 1955, Bedford College, 1969, and Manchester College, Oxford University, 1969; President, Unitarian Assembly, 1952-1953; President of the Hellenic Society, 1953-1956; President of the Classical Association, 1957-1958; Professor Emeritus, [1950]; died 1973.

Publications: editor of A golden treasury of the Bible (Lindsey Press, London, 1934); preface to Hymns for school and home (Sunday School Association, London, 1920); The Hippias Major, attributed to Plato. With introductory essay and commentary by Dorothy Tarrant (University Press, Cambridge, 1928); Lessons for the little ones (Sunday School Association, London, 1924) with E D Scott; The contribution of Plato to free religious thought: the Essex Hall lecture (Lindsey Press, London, [1949]); The question of moderate drinking: an address delivered at the annual meeting of the Temperance Collegiate Association, April 16th 1953 (Temperance Collegiate Association, Cardiff, [1953]); What Unitarians believe (Lindsey Press, London, [1926]).

Studied Mathematics at Royal Holloway College, University of London, 1895-1899; Assistant Lecturer, 1899-1902, Staff Lecturer, 1902-1907, and Senior Staff Lecturer, 1907-1939, in Mathematics, Royal Holloway College; writer of essays, stories and poems, mainly published in the Hibbert Journal and Philosophy; died 1951.

Publications: Time and Time again: essays on various subjects (Allen and Unwin, London, 1941).

Visiting Professor, Department of Mathematics, Royal Holloway College, University of London, 1980-1981; London Transport Executive, 1960.

Publications: Statistical assessment of the life characteristic: a bibliographic guide (Charles Griffin and Co, London, 1964); Bibliography of basic texts and monographs on statistical methods (The Hague, 1951); A dictionary of statistical terms (Oliver and Boyd for the International Statistical Institute, Edinburgh and London, 1957); Russian-English/English-Russian glossary of statistical terms (Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1971); Bibliography of basic texts and monographs on statistical methods, 1945-1960 (Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1963).

Born 1891; educated Armstrong College, Durham University, gaining his BSc in 1912; 1851 Exhibitioner, Kristiania University, Norway, 1914-1915; gained MSc at Armstrong College, 1916; served World War One, 1914-1918, as Capt, Royal Army Medical Corps, 1917-1919; Lecturer in Geology, Armstrong College, 1919-1921; Head of Geology Department, 1921-1956, and Professor of Geology, 1928-1956, Bedford College, University of London; awarded the Lyell Fund by the Geological Society of London, 1927; Secretary, 1934-1942, and President, 1954-1957, Geological Society of London; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1952; President, Mineralogical Society, 1954-1957; Murchison Medallist, 1946; Wollaston Medallist, 1962, Geological Society of London; Emeritus Professor, 1956; retired, [1956]; Fellow of Bedford College, 1971; died 1981.

Publications: Geology and time (University of Nottingham, Nottingham, 1953); Iceland (Geographical Handbook Series, London, 1942).

Born 1889; educated at Earlsmead and Queen Mary College, and University College London; Resident Science Master, St George's School, Eastbourne, East Sussex, 1910-1911; Physics Master, Tavistock Grammar School, Devon, 1911-1913; Head of Science Department, Leamington College, Warwickshire, 1913-1920; Lecturer in Physics, Leamington Technical School, 1913-1920; served World War One, 1914-1918, as Lt, Royal Garrison Artillery, in Italy, Mesopotamia and India; RAF Educational Service, 1920-1949; Principal Deputy Director of Educational Services, Air Ministry, 1945-1949; Secretary, Insignia Awards Committee, City and Guilds of London Institute, 1950-1958; died 1962.

Publications: A student's heat (J.M. Dent and Sons, London and Toronto, 1916); An introduction to advanced heat (London, 1928); An introduction to mechanics (W.D. Willis, Bombay and English Universities Press, London, 1963): An introduction to physical science (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1925); Elementary experimental statics (J.M. Dent and Sons, London and Toronto, 1915); An elementary textbook (London, 1925); James Watt, pioneer of mechanical power (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, [1962]); James Watt and the history of steam power (Henry Schuman, New York, [1949]); Leonardo da Vinci, supreme artist and scientist (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1964); Makers of science, mathematics, physics, astronomy etc (Humphrey Milford, London, 1923); The great engineers (Methuen and Co, London, 1928); The great physicists (Methuen and Co, London, 1927); The mechanical investigations of Leonardo da Vinci (University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1963); The world of Leonard da Vinci, man of science, engineer and dreamer of flight (Macdonald, London, 1961); Elementary aeronautical science (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1923).

No information available at present.

Publications: As Jennie Melville - A different kind of summer (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1967); A new kind of killer, an old kind of death (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1970); Burning is a substitute for loving (Michael Joseph, London, 1963); Come home and be killed (Michael Joseph, London, 1962); Ironwood (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1972); Murderers' houses (Michael Joseph, London, 1964); Nell alone (Michael Joseph, London, 1966); Nun's Castle (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1974); Raven's Forge (Macmillan, London, 1975); The summer assassin (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1971); There lies your love (Michael Joseph, London, 1965); The hunter in the shadows (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1969); Dragon's eye (Macmillan, London, 1977); Axwater (Macmillian, London, 1978); Murder has a pretty face (Macmillan, London, 1981); The painted castle (Macmillan, London, 1982); The hand of glass (Macmillan, London, 1983); Listen to the children (Macmillan, London, 1986); Death in the garden (Macmillan, London, 1987); Windsor red (Macmillan, London, 1988); A cure for dying (Macmillan, London, 1989); Witching murder (Macmillan, London, 1990); Footsteps in the blood (Macmillan, London, 1990); Dead set (Macmillan, London, 1992); Whoever has the heart (Macmillan, London, 1993); Baby drop (Macmillan, London, 1994); The morbid kitchen (Macmillan, London, 1995); The woman who was not there (Macmillan, London, 1996); Revengeful death (Macmillan, London, 1997).

Professor of Chemistry, Bedford College, University of London, 1949-1970; Emeritus Professor, 1970; retired 1970; died 1985.

Born 1875; educated village school at Holme St Cuthbert, Cumberland, Agricultural College, Aspatria, West Cumberland, and Royal College of Science and King's College, University of London; Teacher at a school in Towcester, Northamptonshire, 1896-1898; Mathematics Master, Beccles College, Suffolk, and Craven College, Highgate, 1898-[1901]; taught in Berlitz School of Languages, Elberfeld, Germany, and at branches of the school in Dortmund, Münster, Barmen and Cologne, [1901-1902]; Student of Mathematics, University of Leipzig, Germany, 1902-1906; Assistant Lecturer, Wheatstone Laboratory, King's College, University of London, 1906-1920; Reader in Physics, King's College London, 1920-1921; Hildred Carlile Professor of Physics, Bedford College, University of London, 1921-1944; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1923; Fellow of King's College London; Professor Emeritus, [1944]; retired 1944; died 1965.

Publications: translated Nuclear Physics (Methuen and Co, London, 1953); A hundred years of physics (Gerald Duckworth and co, London, 1950); Theoretical Physics (Methuen and Co, London, 1931-1940); The microphysical world (Methuen and Co, London, 1951).

Una Mary Simpson (nee Roberts), born on June 1st 1910; educated at All Saints School, Maidstone and Maidstone Grammar School; joined Royal Holloway College in 1929; began an Intermediate Arts course before graduating with a 2:II in History in 1932; Secretary of the Historical Society at Royal Holloway; held a post at Grayford Girls Central School, 1934, October 1935 sailed to Bombay to take up a position as Assistant Mistress at Queen Mary High School, Girgaum, Bombay; returned to England, October 1938; back in Bombay by October 1939.

Caroline Spurgeon was born in India on 24 October 1869, the daughter of Christopher Spurgeon, a Captain in the 36th Foot, and Caroline Dunsmuir (according to the record of her baptism in the India Office births, marriages and deaths records, Vol. 130 folio 65). Her mother died giving birth to her (see letter of 1 May 1910 in PP7/1/2), and her father appears to have married again, but himself died in 1874. She was educated at Cheltenham, Gloucestershire; Dresden, Germany; and King's College and University College, London; Quain Essayist and Morley Medallist, University College London, 1898; First Class Final Honours in English, Oxford University, 1899. For Michaelmas Term 1899, she acted as assistant to Miss Lee, Tutor and Lecturer to the Association for the Education of Women, but then for family reasons had to give up work for some months. From May 1900 she was lecturing in London: she was appointed Lecturer in English Literature under the London School Board, giving weekly lectures in the Evening Continuation Schools at South Hackney, and on Shakespeare in Welwyn, Hertfordshire. She was appointed to the staff of Bedford College, University of London, in 1901: Assistant Lecturer in English, 1901-1906, Lecturer in English Literature, 1906-1913, and Hildred Carlile Professor of English Literature (and Head of Department), 1913-1929. She was made Emeritus Professor of English Literature in 1929. In 1911 she was awarded a doctorate of the University of Paris for her thesis 'Chaucer devant la critique', and in 1929 she was made D. Lit. of the University of London for her '500 years of Chaucer criticism and allusion'. She was awarded a Research Fellowship by the Federation of University Women, 1912, and was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1916. She was a member of the British Educational Mission to America in 1918, on which she met Virginia Gildersleeve, Dean of Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, USA, with whom she lived during the summer vacations, either in England or in the USA, for the rest of her life. She was Visiting Professor at Columbia University, 1920-1921, first President of the International Federation of University Women, 1920-1924, and member of the Departmental Committee to inquire into the position of English in the Educational System of England, 1929-1931. She settled in 1936 in Tucson, Arizona, USA, in the hope of relieving her arthritis, and she died there on 24 October 1942. Publications include: 'The works of Dr. Samuel Johnson' (H.K.Lewis, London, 1898); 'Richard Brathwait's comments in 1665, upon Chaucer's Tales of the Miller and the Wife of Bath' (ed.) (London, 1901); preface to an edition of 'The Castle of Otranto' by Horace Walpole (Chatto & Windus, 1907); 'Chaucer devant la critique en Angleterre et en France depuis son temps jusqu'à nos jours' (Paris, 1911); 'William Law and the mystics' in the Cambridge History of English Literature (1912); 'Mysticism in English literature' (Cambridge University Press, 1913); 'The privilege of living in war-time: an inaugural address to King's College for Women' (University of London Press, London, 1914); 'Five hundred years of Chaucer criticism and allusion, 1357-1900' (Chaucer Society, 1914-1922, Cambridge University Press, 1925); 'The training of the combatant: an address delivered for the Fight for Right movement' (Dent and Sons, London, 1916); 'Poetry in the light of war' (English Association, London, 1917); 'The refashioning of English education: a lesson of the Great War' (Atlantic Monthly, Jan. 1922); Essay on Jane Austen in 'Essays by Divers Hands' (Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature) Vol VII (Humphrey Milford, London, 1928); 'Essays and studies by Members of the English Association' (ed.) (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1928); 'Keats's Shakespeare: a descriptive study based on new material' (Humphrey Milford, London, 1928); 'Imagery in the Sir Thomas More fragment' (Review of English Studies, Vol VI, No 23, July 1930); 'Leading motives in the imagery of Shakespeare's tragedies' (London, 1930); 'Shakespeare's iterative imagery, i, as undersong, ii, as touchstone, in his work' (London, [1931]); 'Shakespeare's imagery and what it tells us' (Cambridge University Press, 1935)

The Foundation Deed of Royal Holloway College laid down that the Principal should be an unmarried woman or childless widow, a stipulation which was adhered to until the Royal Holloway College Act of 1962. The Principal had responsibility for the entire internal management and discipline of the College (subject to the approval of the Council). Her department's administrative responsibilities therefore included student welfare and discipline, examinations, Chapel services and general administration of the Household staff. Miss E M Guinness acted as Vice-Principal from 1899-1908, entailing the transfer of her Library duties to the Principal's Department, though she was eventually replaced by an administrative assistant. The assistant's duties, already reduced by the appointment of a full-time librarian in 1935, were divided after 1937 between the Principal's Secretary and a Tutor. The latter became responsible for discipline and student welfare, while the Principal's Secretary, who was also given the title of Registrar, became responsible for student records and examinations. In 1944, with the creation of a separate Registry, the post became known as the Principal's Private Secretary. The post of Tutor, initially an experimental one, proved a success and by 1946 there were two Tutors and a Dean. The post of Vice-Principal was reinstituted in 1946, to be filled by a member of academic staff.

The Principal maintained close contact with the administrative staff, seeing the College Secretary, the Housekeeper, the Nurse and the Caretaker every morning, the Butler and the Gardener twice a week, and the Cook, Engineer and Nightwatchman when necessary. This system remained in place until the growth of the College in the 1960s.

The art collection housed in the Picture Gallery at Royal Holloway College was based on the similar model at Vassar College in America. Thomas Holloway compiled the collection through purchases at auction from 1881-1883, when he bought at every Christie's sale of note. Although the initial plan was to obtain modern British paintings, examples of work by European painters were also acquired. The collection totalled 77 pictures at the time of Holloway's death in 1883. Charles W Carey was appointed to act as Curator of the Picture Gallery, a task he undertook from 1887 until his death in 1943.

His main role was to supervise the conservation of the pictures, compile the catalogue, show the collection to visitors, and correspond with artists, art historians and students concerning the works.

The various residence officers were responsible to the Principal, whom they met with on a regular basis. The Principal saw the Housekeeper, Nurse and Caretaker every morning, the Butler and the Gardener twice a week, and the Cook, Engineer and Nightwatchman when necessary. With the growth of the College in the 1960s, the numbers of residence staff increased, and such direct contact was no longer possible, though reports were still made to the Principal.

A Domestic Bursar replaced the Lady Housekeeper in 1944, and was in turn replaced by a Catering Officer (1965). A Security Officer took over the role of the Nightwatchman about the same time.

Henry William Macrosty was born on the Isle of Arran on 14th January, 1865, the eldest of 10 children. In 1881 he obtained University of London BA whilst working in the Civil Service where he was given a permanent appointment in the Exchequer and Audit Department in 1884. He transferred to the newly established Census of Production Office within the Board of Trade in 1907 and became its Assistant Director in 1911. Reorganisation in 1919 resulted in the establishment of a Statistical Department of which Macrosty was appointed Senior Principal. His work for the next 20 years, until his retirement in 1930, was concentrated on gathering statistical information on trade and industry. In retirement he continued to be consulted on statistical issues relevant to trade and industry, including serving on at least one committee for Political and Economic Planning (PEP), one of the forerunners of the Policy Studies Institute.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society in 1904 and served on its Council from 1917 to 1920 and again from 1925 to 1940 when he became President having served as Honorary Secretary since 1928. He was awarded the Society’s silver Guy Medal in 1927. Macrosty married Edith Julia Bain in 1894 and had two surviving children; he died on 19th January, 1941.

Publications: The Trust Movement in British Industry, 1909; The Annals of the Royal Statistical Society, 1834-1934, 1934.

Born, 1907; educated at Marlborough College; studied mathematics and modern languages at Trinity College Cambridge, forming close friendships with Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean, H A R `Kim' Philby; Fellow of Trinity College Cambridge, 1932-1937; invited to lecture at the Courtauld Institute by the director, W G Constable, on submission of his MA thesis, 1932; joined the staff of the Warburg Institute, 1937-1939; recruited by Guy Burgess into the Russian secret intelligence service; Reader in History of Art at London University; worked for MI5, and as an enemy agent for the Soviet Union, 1940-1945; Deputy Director, 1939-1947 and Director, 1947-1974, Courtauld Institute; Surveyor of the King's (later Queen's) Pictures, 1945-1972; knighted, 1956; unmasked as a spy by the FBI and secretly confessed, 1964; honorary fellowship Trinity College Cambridge, 1967; Adviser for the Queen's Pictures and Drawings, 1972-1978; researched and published on a wide range of topics, his special subject being Nicolas Poussin; publicly confirmed as a spy by the Prime Minister, knighthood and honorary fellowship annulled, 1979; died, 1983.
Publications: include: Artistic Theory in Italy 1450 to 1600 (Oxford University Press, 1940); François Mansart and the origins of French classical architecture (Warburg Institute, London, 1941); The French drawings in the collection of His Majesty the King at Windsor Castle (Phaidon Press, 1945); The Nation's Pictures: a guide to the chief national and municipal picture galleries of England, Scotland and Wales joint editor with Margaret Whinney (Chatto & Windus, 1950); Art and Architecture in France 1500 to 1700 (Penguin, 1953); The Drawings of G.B. Castiglione and Stephano Della Bella in the collection of Her Majesty the Queen at Windsor Castle (Phaidon Press, 1954); Venetian Drawings of the XVII and XVIII centuries in the collection of Her Majesty the Queen at Windsor Castle with Edward Croft-Murray (Phaidon Press, 1957); Philibert de l'Orme (Zwemmer, 1958); The Art of William Blake (Columbia University Press, 1959); Picasso, the formative years: a study of his sources with Phoebe Pool (Studio Books, London, 1962); Nicolas Poussin. Lettres et propos sur l'art. Textes réunis et presentes par Anthony Blunt (Hermann, Paris, [1964]); Picasso's "Guernica" (Oxford University Press, 1966); The paintings of Nicolas Poussin (London, Phaidon, [1966]); Nicolas Poussin with plates and illustrations 2 vol (Phaidon Press, London; Bollingen Series, New York, [1967]); The James A de Rothschild Collection at Waddesdon Manor General editor [A catalogue] (Fribourg, Aylesbury printed, 1967-); Sicilian Baroque (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1968); Neapolitan Baroque and Rococo Architecture (Zwemmer, [1975]); Baroque and Rococo: Architecture and Decoration (Elek, 1978); Borromini (Allen Lane, London, 1979); The Drawings of Poussin (Yale University Press, 1979); Guide to Baroque Rome (Granada, London, 1982); Paul Fréart de Chantelou: Diary of the cavaliere Bernini's visit to France editor (Princeton University Press, 1985).

Born in Deptford, 1797; taught perspective by his father (a drawing master) and Samuel Prout; exhibited two drawings at the Royal Academy aged thirteen; became a water-colour painter and was awarded a silver medal by the Society of Arts aged eighteen; exhibited with the Society of Painters in Water-colours, 1818, and continued to exhibit there regularly; became a member of the Society, 1821; adopted lithography as a way of providing examples for the use of students, publishing a number of well received lithographic works, notably Sketches at Home and Abroad, 1836, The Park and the Forest, 1841, and Picturesque Selections, 1861; died in Barnes, 1863.
Publications: Views of Pompeii drawn on stone by J D Harding; after drawings by W Light (London, 1828); Pugin's Gothic Ornaments, selected from various buildings in England and France, drawn on stone by J D Harding (London, [1831]); The Costumes of the French Pyrenees, drawn on stone by J D Harding, from original sketches, by J Johnson (London, 1832);Elementary Art, or the Use of the Lead Pencil (London, 1834); Sketches at Home and Abroad (London, 1836); J D H's Drawing Book (London, 1838); H's Sketches at home and abroad (London, [1839]); The Park and the Forest (London, 1841); Principles and Practices of Art (London, 1845); Lessons on Art (London, 1849); Lessons on Trees (London, 1850); Drawing Models and their Uses (London, 1854); The Early Drawing Book (London, [1856]); The Guide and Companion to the "Lessons on Art" (London, [1858]); Picturesque Selections: drawn on stone (London, [1861]).

Born in Budapest, 1891; educated at the State Gymnasium in Budapest, University of Budapest, 1909-1914; studied art, archaeology and philosophy, University of Vienna, 1915-1917, under Max Dvorák; awarded the degree Doctor Philosophiae by Vienna University for his thesis 'Die Anfange der italienischen Radierung', 1918; Assistant Keeper, Museum of Fine Arts in Budapest, 1918-1922, where he gained his interest in the study of Old Master drawings, assisted in organising the sequestration of works of art considered of national importance, collaborated with Karl Swoboda on the collected works of Dvorák; Assistant Keeper, then Keeper, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, 1923-1938; developed the use of x-rays to discover the condition of paintings and the artists' creative process; fearing for the safety of his Hungarian-Jewish wife, they left to visit Holland, 1939, then to England as guests of Sir Kenneth Clark; went to Aberystwyth to look after Count Antoine Seilern's pictures, and assisted with cataloguing the National Gallery's pictures in store there; approached by Arthur Ewart Popham, Keeper of Prints and Drawings at the British Museum, to help write a catalogue of Old Master drawings at Windsor Castle, 1939; interned and deported to a concentration camp in Canada, 1940-1941; allowed to return to England, 1941, resumed his work on the Windsor Castle catalogue and began lecturing at the Courtauld Institute; reader in the History of Art, London University, 1947; Deputy Director of the Courtauld Institute of Art, 1948-1958; Professor of History of Art, 1950; fellow of the British Academy, 1951; published his catalogue of the Michelangelo drawings in the British Museum, 1953; CBE, 1955; member of the Reviewing Committee on the Export of Works of Art, 1957-1963; Serena medal of the British Academy, 1963; died in Dulwich, London, 1970.

Publications: Kunstgeschichte als Geistesgeschichte. Studien zur abendländischen Kunstentwicklung, etc Max Dvorák [edited by Carl M Swoboda and Johannes Wilde](München, 1924); 'Michelangelo and his Studio' by Johannes Wilde (translated by J A Gere and T H Scrutton) 1953, in Italian Drawings in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum (London, 1950-62); The Italian Drawings of the XV and XVI Centuries ... at Windsor Castle By A E Popham and Johannes Wilde [A catalogue, with reproductions. The sections relating to Michelangelo and his school by J Wilde, translated by J Leveen] (Phaidon Press, London, 1949); Michelangelo's 'Victory' (Oxford University Press, London, 1954); Venetian art from Bellini to Titian (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1974); Michelangelo: six lectures by Johannes Wilde edited by John Shearman and Michael Hirst (Oxford University Press, 1978); 'The Decoration of the Sistine Chapel' (1958), in Art and Politics in Renaissance Italy: British Academy Lectures edited by George Holmes, (Oxford University Press, 1993); Michelangelo: Selected Scholarship in English [5 volumes], edited by William E Wallace (New York: Garland Publishing Inc, 1995). Includes [volume 1] 'Michelangelo, Vasari, and Condivi' (1978), 'The Hall of the Great Council of Florence' (1944), 'Michelangelo and Leonardo' (1953), [volume 2] 'The Decoration of the Sistine Chapel' (1958), [volume 3] 'Michelangelo's Designs for the Medici Tombs' (1955), 'Notes on the Genesis of Michelangelo's "Leda"' (1957), 'Michelangelo's "Victory"' (1954).

Born in Dundee, 1898; educated at a local preparatory school, and at Rugby, 1912-[1917]; Oxford and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, 1917-1919; served on the Western Front and was awarded the MC, World War One, 1918; read modern history at Magdalen College, Oxford, 1919-1921; Fellow and Tutor of Hertford College, Oxford, 1922-1937; Director of the Courtauld Institute of Art and Professor of History of Art, University of London, 1937-1947; served with the Government Code and Cipher School at Bletchley Park, and then with the RAF at Cairo, Egypt, 1939-1941; head of British Council activities in the Middle East as Chief Representative, based at Cairo, 1943-1945; President of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1947-1968; Vice-Chancellor, Oxford University, 1958-1960; Fellow of the British Academy, 1961; Trustee of the National Gallery, 1947-1953, and British Museum, 1950-1969; member of the Advisory Council of the Victoria and Albert Museum, 1947-1970; collected material for various publications, and edited Hanns Hammelmann's notes, which led to the publication of Book Illustrators in Eighteenth-century England (details below), 1971-1974; died 1974.
Publications: Boniface VIII (Constable and Co, London, 1933); St Francis of Assisi (Duckworth, London, 1936); Bodleian picture book no. 1: English Romanesque Illumination (Oxford: Bodleian Library, 1951); general editor of the Oxford History of English Art, also writing two out of eleven volumes (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1949-); English Art, 1100-1216 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1953); Bodleian picture book no. 10: English Illumination of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries (Bodleian Library, Oxford, 1954); Christ bearing the Cross. A study in taste (Oxford University Press, London, 1955); English Art 1800-1870 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1959); The York Psalter (Faber and Faber, London, 1962); Castles and Churches of the Crusading Kingdom (Oxford University Press, London, 1967); Kingdoms and Strongholds of the Crusaders (Thames and Hudson, London, 1971); Death in the Middle Ages; mortality, judgement and remembrance (Thames and Hudson, London, 1972);Georgio Vasari: the man and the book (Princeton University Press, 1979); Nebuchadnezzar (with Arthur Boyd) (Thames and Hudson, London, 1972); Book Illustrators in Eighteenth-century England (with H.A.Hammelmann) (Yale University Press, 1975); The Cilian Kingdom of Armenia Editor (Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh, 1978); A History of the Crusades: Volume IV - The Art and Architecture of the Crusader States (mainly consists of essays by Boase) edited by H W Hazard (University of Wisconsin Press, 1977).

Articles:'Fontevrault and the Plantagenets' British Archaeological Journal Series III, Vol. XXXIV pp1-10 (1971); 'An extra-illustrated second folio of Shakespeare' British Museum Quarterly Vol. XX pp4-8 (March 1955); 'The Frescoes of Cremona Cathedral' Papers of the British School at Rome Vol XXIV pp206-215 (1956); 'Samuel Courtauld' Burlington Magazine Vol XC p29 (Jan 1948); 'Sir David Wilkie's Chair' Country Life Vol CXXV pp349 (1959); 'The Arts in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem' Journal of the Warburg Institute Vol II pp1-21 (1938); from the Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes: 'A seventeenth-century Carmelite legend based on Tacitus' Vol III pp107-118 (1939); 'Illustrations of Shakespeare's plays in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth centuries' Vol X pp83-108 (1947); 'A seventeenth-century typographical cycle of paintings in the Armenian cathedral of Julfa' Vol XIII pp323-327 (1950); 'An English copy of a Carracci altarpiece' Vol XV pp253-254 (1953); 'The decoration of the new Palace of Westminster, 1841 - 1863' Vol XVII pp319-358 (1954); 'English artists and the Val d'Aorta' Vol XIX pp283-293 (1956); 'Shipwrecks in English Romantic painting' Vol XXII pp332-346 (1959); 'John Graham Rough: a transitional sculptor' Vol XXIII pp277-290 (1960); 'Macklin and Bowyer' Vol XXVI pp148-77 (1963); 'Biblical Illustration in Nineteenth-century English Art' Vol XXIX pp349-67 (1966); 'The Medici in Elizabethan and Jacobean drama' Vol XXVII pp373-378 (1974).

David John Wallace, whose photographs form a large part of this collection, lived in Athens, and travelled through the Balkans, Greece and Turkey in the 1930s, photographing sites of archaeological interest to those engaged in studies of the Crusader period. These photographs are of inestimable value, particularly as many of the sites he photographed are probably no longer in existence today. Wallace was killed in action in Greece, August 1944, serving with the 10th Greek Division, and was awarded the George Cross.

The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) was founded in 1929 following collaboration between William Blair-Bell, who became the first president, and William Fletcher Shaw, the first honorary secretary. Prior to 1929 England had two distinguished medical Royal colleges, the Royal College of Physicians of London (founded 1518) and the Royal College of Surgeons of England (founded 1800). The three Scottish medical royal colleges had all been founded by the end of the seventeenth century. The RCOG was the first to represent a speciality other than medicine and surgery. It was followed in due course by the establishment of the Royal Colleges of General Practitioners, Radiologists, Pathologists, Psychiatrists, Ophthalmologists, Anaesthetists and Paediatricians.

The College is a professional membership association with charitable status and is concerned with all matters relating to the science and practice of obstetrics and gynaecology. The main purpose is to act as the examination body for doctors wanting to specialise in obstetrics and gynaecology and then as a membership organisation to those who pass the examination. It is a self-funded and independent body. The College operates through a system of committees, serviced by the College departments.

The President is one of the honorary officers of the College and is elected by Council for a maximum of three years from amongst the College Fellows. The president is ex officio chairman of all College committees and is empowered under the bye-laws to undertake emergency action where it is impossible to summon a meeting of Council or the appropriate committee to deal with such an emergency. Biographical details of the Presidents can be found by consulting Sir John Peel's book The Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists 1929-1969, Whitefriars Press Ltd, 1975.

Under the By-laws of the College drawn up in 1929, two Vice Presidents were to be chosen from among the Fellows of the College. The Senior Vice President, or in his absence, the Junior Vice President, was to undertake the President's duties in the case of the latter's inability or unwillingness to undertake his duties. The Senior Vice President was to be the Vice President who had held office for a longer period. The Vice President assumed primary responsibility for overseas affairs in the early 1980s; prior to this time the College Secretary was responsible for overseas affairs.

Joint committees and working groups were set up frequently at the behest of one or other of the medical colleges or bodies to discuss matters of mutual concern. Minutes were usually kept and distributed to all participants, and published reports frequently produced. Servicing the College's contribution to these joint committees and working groups and maintenance of the College's own records of proceedings are currently the responsibility of the Committee Secretary, Administration Department.

In 1991 the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) and the Royal College of Midwives (RCM) instituted a series of joint meetings to consider maternity services in the light of changes in the organisation of the National Health Service, advances in clinical knowledge, and changes in the social framework in which general practitioners, midwives and obstetricians operated. The result was the production of a joint document on maternity care. A draft version of this document was also submitted to the House of Commons Health Committee Enquiry into Maternity Services.

The Blair-Bell Research Society was initially established as a research club to informally discuss obstetrical and gynaecological issues at meetings held approximately every three months. In 1961 the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists agreed that the society could use College premises as a regular venue for the club's meetings. From 1962 the club is referred to in College correspondence as "the Blair-Bell Research Society", and the College President has usually been the Society's president.

The first official residence of the College was at 58 Queen Anne Street, London, W1; it was purchased with funds donated anonymously by William Blair-Bell, who also set up an endowment fund and a purchasing fund for the house. The building was officially opened by the Duchess of York (H M the Queen Mother) on December 5, 1932. The house gradually became too small for the College's needs and was sold and replaced in 1955 by the present site at 27 Sussex Place, NW1. The College additionally maintains a house for the President at 8 Kent Terrace, NW1; the house is also used for functions and for accommodating visitors.

The first Memorandum and Articles of Association of the College were approved on 13 September 1929. The first royal charter was granted in 1947, with a supplemental charter in 1948. Further amendments were made to the charter, articles of association, ordinances and by-laws in 1963, 1971, 1979, 1984 and 1999.