John Lane, of King Street, Covent Garden, was an attorney-at-law, as were his son Thomas Lane and grandson John Lane. Thomas was clerk to the Goldsmiths' Company from 1785-1820 and was succeeded as clerk by his son John (1820-52).
Richard Stuart Lane was a Baltic shipping agent and London-Baltic merchant of Lane, Hankey and Company, based at 251 Old Broad Street and 8 Chesham Place, SW.
Elsie Lane was appenticed to a wigmaker in 1912 and had a long career as a hairdresser, wig-maker and teacher of wig-making, including in her own school in Mile End Road, London.
The excavation of Kom-Ed-Dik (also known as Kom-El-Dikka), Alexandria, Egypt, began in 1947. It was conducted by the Farouk 1st University, Alexandria, under the direction of Alan John Bayard Wace. Arthur Lane of the Department of Ceramics at the Victoria and Albert Museum joined the team in 1949 to study the pottery found.
Myer Jack Landa was born in Leeds in 1874. He was a British Jewish writer and long time sketch writer in the Press Gallery at the House of Commons. He married Gertrude Gordon, sister of Samuel Gordon, the writer. The two of them published a number of novels and plays together; she often under the pseudonym of Aunt Naomi. His principal interests seem to have been the portrayal of the Jew and Jewish life in theatre and the importance of Palestine as the centre of Jewish life.
Max Landenberger and his wife Frieda owned a house at Burgschmietstrasse 12, Nürnberg, which was mortgaged for RM 40,000. In Nov1938 Max was arrested and sent to Dachau. Frieda was forced to go to the 'Brown House', the Nazi Headquarters, where she was made to sign a contract for the sale of their house to Gauleiter Hölz for the sum of RM 4,000. This they achieved by making her do physical exercises for several hours to break her will to resist. Her husband also signed the contract after his release from Dachau. The 'purchase price' of RM 4,000 was never paid.
The first assessments of 1692-3 were made under the terms of an "Act for granting to their Majesties an aid of four shillings in the pound for one year for carrying on a vigorous war against France" [4W and M c.1, 1692/3]. The Act specfied that real estate and personal property, that is buildings and moveable property as well as land, were to be taxed. It nominated, for each borough and county in England and Wales, the local commissioners who were to supervise the assessments and local collection.
The tax was voted annually, usually in the spring, until 1798 when it was transformed into a permanent tax, but was redeemable on a payment of a lump sum. It was levied on a number of different bases: as a pound rate between 1693 and 1696, as a four shillings assessment supplemented by a poll tax in 1697 and, from 1698-1798, on the system whereby each county or borough was given a fixed sum to collect. In 1949 redemption became compulsory on property changing hands and in 1963 all unredeemed land tax was abolished.
The assessors for each county are listed in the annual Acts of Parliament, until 1798. The sums collected for the counties of London, and Middlesex (and the City of Westminster) appear, until at least 1760, to have been passed to the Chamber of London and subsequently to the Exchequer.
The first assessments of 1692-3 were made under the terms of an "Act for granting to their Majesties an aid of four shillings in the pound for one year for carrying on a vigorous war against France" [4W and M c.1, 1692/3]. The Act specfied that real estate and personal property, that is buildings and moveable property as well as land, were to be taxed. It nominated, for each borough and county in England and Wales, the local commissioners who were to supervise the assessments and local collection.
The tax was voted annually, usually in the spring, until 1798 when it was transformed into a permanent tax, but was redeemable on a payment of a lump sum. It was levied on a number of different bases: as a pound rate between 1693 and 1696, as a four shillings assessment supplemented by a poll tax in 1697 and, from 1698-1798, on the system whereby each county or borough was given a fixed sum to collect. In 1949 redemption became compulsory on property changing hands and in 1963 all unredeemed land tax was abolished.
The assessors for each county are listed in the annual Acts of Parliament, until 1798. The sums collected for the counties of London, and Middlesex (and the City of Westminster) appear, until at least 1760, to have been passed to the Chamber of London and subsequently to the Exchequer.
The Land Tax Commissioners came into existence in 1657 in an attempt to implement a solid taxation system. Throughout the eighteenth century the Land Tax Commission was not considered effective and was even charged with irregularities and fraud. However, as the Commission moved into the nineteenth century it began the administration of income tax and attained a stronger and more efficient practice.
The first assessments of 1692-1693 were made under the terms of an "Act for granting to their Majesties an aid of four shillings in the pound for one year for carrying on a vigorous war against France" [4W and M c.1, 1692/3]. The Act specfied that real estate and personal property, that is buildings and moveable property as well as land, were to be taxed. It nominated, for each borough and county in England and Wales, the local commissioners who were to supervise the assessments and local collection.
The tax was voted annually, usually in the spring, until 1798 when it was transformed into a permanent tax, but was redeemable on a payment of a lump sum. It was levied on a number of different bases: as a pound rate between 1693 and 1696, as a four shillings assessment supplemented by a poll tax in 1697 and, from 1698-1798, on the system whereby each county or borough was given a fixed sum to collect. In 1949 redemption became compulsory on property changing hands and in 1963 all unredeemed land tax was abolished.
The assessors for each county are listed in the annual Acts of Parliament, until 1798. The sums collected for the counties of London, and Middlesex (and the City of Westminster) appear, until at least 1760, to have been passed to the Chamber of London and subsequently to the Exchequer.
The hundred of Gore comprised the parishes of Edgware, Hendon, Kingsbury, Little Stanmore, Great Stanmore, Harrow and Pinner. The hundred of Spelthorne included Ashford, East Bedfont, Feltham, Hampton, Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, and Teddington.
The first assessments of 1692-1693 were made under the terms of an "Act for granting to their Majesties an aid of four shillings in the pound for one year for carrying on a vigorous war against France" [4W and M c.1, 1692/3]. The Act specfied that real estate and personal property, that is buildings and moveable property as well as land, were to be taxed. It nominated, for each borough and county in England and Wales, the local commissioners who were to supervise the assessments and local collection.
The tax was voted annually, usually in the spring, until 1798 when it was transformed into a permanent tax, but was redeemable on a payment of a lump sum. It was levied on a number of different bases: as a pound rate between 1693 and 1696, as a four shillings assessment supplemented by a poll tax in 1697 and, from 1698-1798, on the system whereby each county or borough was given a fixed sum to collect. In 1949 redemption became compulsory on property changing hands and in 1963 all unredeemed land tax was abolished.
The assessors for each county are listed in the annual Acts of Parliament, until 1798. The sums collected for the counties of London, and Middlesex (and the City of Westminster) appear, until at least 1760, to have been passed to the Chamber of London and subsequently to the Exchequer.
The first assessments of 1692-3 were made under the terms of an "Act for granting to their Majesties an aid of four shillings in the pound for one year for carrying on a vigorous war against France" [4W and M c.1, 1692/3]. The Act specfied that real estate and personal property, that is buildings and moveable property as well as land, were to be taxed. It nominated, for each borough and county in England and Wales, the local commissioners who were to supervise the assessments and local collection.
The tax was voted annually, usually in the spring, until 1798 when it was transformed into a permanent tax, but was redeemable on a payment of a lump sum. It was levied on a number of different bases: as a pound rate between 1693 and 1696, as a four shillings assessment supplemented by a poll tax in 1697 and, from 1698-1798, on the system whereby each county or borough was given a fixed sum to collect. In 1949 redemption became compulsory on property changing hands and in 1963 all unredeemed land tax was abolished.
The assessors for each county are listed in the annual Acts of Parliament, until 1798. The sums collected for the counties of London, and Middlesex (and the City of Westminster) appear, until at least 1760, to have been passed to the Chamber of London and subsequently to the Exchequer.
The first assessments of 1692-3 were made under the terms of an "Act for granting to their Majesties an aid of four shillings in the pound for one year for carrying on a vigorous war against France" [4W and M c.1, 1692/3]. The Act specfied that real estate and personal property, that is buildings and moveable property as well as land, were to be taxed. It nominated, for each borough and county in England and Wales, the local commissioners who were to supervise the assessments and local collection.
The tax was voted annually, usually in the spring, until 1798 when it was transformed into a permanent tax, but was redeemable on a payment of a lump sum. It was levied on a number of different bases: as a pound rate between 1693 and 1696, as a four shillings assessment supplemented by a poll tax in 1697 and, from 1698-1798, on the system whereby each county or borough was given a fixed sum to collect. In 1949 redemption became compulsory on property changing hands and in 1963 all unredeemed land tax was abolished.
The assessors for each county are listed in the annual Acts of Parliament, until 1798. The sums collected for the counties of London, and Middlesex (and the City of Westminster) appear, until at least 1760, to have been passed to the Chamber of London and subsequently to the Exchequer.
The land club movement was set up in response to the introduction of the Small Holdings Act of 1907. Its aim was to put "the new land law into force" and aid "the renewal of country life". Two people from each village and hamlet in the area were chosen to form a committee to "get the land club started and thus obtain land for the people". The League also aimed to assist people in the cultivation of land through agricultural education and co-operative purchasing and loans, and to help them obtain proper representation for people on their own parish, district and county councils. The League was also concerned with ensuring that country children received an education suitable for country life, providing its members with access to legal advice on questions affecting tenure of homes and land and to generally promoting the country way of life. The Land Club League worked in co-operation with other groups and amalgamated with the Rural Development Society and the Rural Housing and Sanitation Association.
Edward R Pease was appointed President to the Land Club League in 1908. He was born in Bristol in 1857. From 1874 to 1878 he worked in a merchant's office, and in 1880 he became a member of the London Stock Exchange. In 1886 he left the Stock Exchange and went to Newcastle to become a cabinet-maker and trade unionist. Pease co-founded the Fabian Society in 1883, and was Secretary 1890-1913, and Honorary Secretary 1914-1938. He was also Governor of London School of Economics from its foundation in 1895. From 1900 to 1913 he was a member of the Executive of the Labour Party. He died in 1955. His publications include: "The History of the Fabian Society" (1916) and "Webb and the Fabian Society" in "The Webbs and their Work" (1949).
Osbert Lancaster was born in London in 1908. He was educated at Charterhouse and at Lincoln College, Oxford, before entering the Slade School of Art. He spent most of his working life as a cartoonist for the Daily Express newspaper; his work was considered witty and topical. Lancaster was awarded the CBE in 1953 and knighted in 1975.
The Lancashire and Cheshire Association for the Abolition of the State Regulation of Vice (1894-1939) began in 1894 as the Manchester and District Association for the Abolition of State Regulation of Vice. It had the status of a committee of the British Commission for the Abolition of the State Regulation of Vice in India and throughout the British Dominions, formerly the British, Continental and General Federation for the Abolition of Government Regulation of Prostitution. Until 1921 it operated as the Manchester and District Association which was formally closed at a meeting in Jan 1923. However, some members believed that there was a continuing need for the organisation, due to the continuation of the state regulation of prostitution in India and therefore the organisation was revived under the name of the Lancashire and Cheshire Association in Oct 1923 with Alison Neilans as Secretary. It continued its work until Mar 1939 when its activities came to an end.
Lanadron Rubber Estates Limited: This company was registered in 1907 to acquire land in Johore, Malaya, and to take over the Lanadron and Jementah estates run by the Lanadron Estate Limited and Jementah Rubber Company Limited. In 1947 it acquired Cluny Rubber Estates Limited (CLC/B/112-104), Ledbury Rubber Estates Limited (CLC/B/112-106) and Rubber Estates of Johore Limited (CLC/B/112-107).
Lanadron Rubber Estates Limited was purchased by London Asiatic Rubber and Produce Company (CLC/B/112-103) in 1960, and in 1968/9 it went into voluntary liquidation.
Rowena Lamy published, with Francis Albert Eley Crew, The Genetics of the Budgerigar (Watmoughs, Idle & London [1935]).
A M D Lampen was a cadet at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, c 1923.
Arthur Lampard opened an office in Calcutta for Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112) in 1900, under the style Lampard, Clark and Company. The office mainly dealt in tea. From 1908 it was managed as a branch office of Harrisons and Crosfield (see CLC/B/112/MS37208-50). Some records of Lampard, Clark and Company date to 1909 or 1911, and therefore relate to the branch office of Harrisons and Crosfield Limited.
Jean Vincent Felix Lamouroux: born, 1779; French naturalist; published various works on natural history; died, 1825.
The company is first listed in the London trade directories in 1886, with premises at the Coal Exchange in London, and is described as 'coal factors and coal merchants'. It appears to have succeeded Phillips and Lamont which also traded from the Coal Exchange, as coal factors from 1857, and as coal factors and merchants after 1877.
Lamont and Warne traded on the Coal Exchange from 1886 to 1941 and on Arundel Street in Westminster from 1942 to 1963, moving in 1964 to their current (1993) premises on Kennington Road, London.
Born 1903; joined Sun Life Assurance Company, 1935; commissioned, Hong Kong Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, 1937; Manager, Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada, South East Asia, 1940; escaped from Singapore to Australia, 1942; served on staff of Adm Sir Guy Royle, Australia, 1942; Watchkeeping Officer, armed merchant cruiser DOMINION MONARCH, sailing from Australia to UK, Nov-Dec 1942; appointed to Combined Operations, Dec 1942; Commanding Officer, 22 Landing Craft Infantry (LCI) Flotilla, Apr 1943, for operations in Mediterranean, including Sicily landings, capture of Syracuse and assault on Reggio; Senior Officer, Composite Assault Force, Operation DEVON and Operation POLYGON, for the capture of Termoli, Italy, Oct 1943; Staff College, Greenwich, Jan-Mar 1944; Commanding Officer, 334 Support Flotilla, Arromanches, Normandy, D Day, Jun 1944; assault on Walcheren Island, River Scheldt, Nov 1944; Cdr, RNVR, Apr 1945; Commanding Officer, 'M' Support Squadron, for the planned recapture of Malaya, Apr-Aug 1945; Manager, Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada, South East Asia, 1946-1960; Officer Commanding Singapore Division, Malayan RNVR, 1947-1957; awarded OBE, 1950; Capt, RNVR, 1952; awarded CBE, 1958; retired from Sun Life, 1961; retired from RNVR, 1964; died 1999.
Hans Heinrich Lammers (1879-1962), was a career civil servant, who joined the Nazi party in 1932 and was appointed by Hitler to chief of the Chancery on 30 January 1933, and promoted to Reichsminister on 26 November 1937. After 1941, the power and influence that Lammers was used to wielding passed increasingly to Martin Bormann.
The Lambeth Water Works Company was incorporated by Act of Parliament in 1785 to supply the Parish of Lambeth and adjacent areas. The original Works, consisting of an intake and pumping station, occupied part of the Royal Festival Hall site.
As demand for water supply grew the company extended its works and in 1832 an open reservoir was completed at Streatham Hill. In 1834 the company built two further reservoirs containing rough filters at Brixton and pumping engines were installed to supply water to the higher areas. The works at Brixton became the company's main distribution station.
By 1847 the quality of the water supply opposite the Festival Hall site had deteriorated to such an extent that the company decided to promote a bill in Parliament to enable new works to be constructed at Long Ditton. In 1848 the bill was passed and the new works were inaugurated in 1852. The periodic incursion of flood water from the River Mole induced the company to draw its water from further up the river and in 1872 a new intake was opened at West Molesey, reservoirs being added there in 1874 and 1903.
By the end of the century the works at Brixton and Long Ditton had grown considerably and service reservoirs for filtered water had been constructed at Coombe (1864), Norwood (1877), Rock Hill (1857) and Selhurst (1861).
By another Act of 1900 the company were granted powers to construct a large storage reservoir at Island Barn, Molesey. This was eventually inaugurated in 1911 by the Metropolitan Water Board who had taken over the functions of the company in 1904, following the Metropolis Water Act, 1902.
The Beaufoy Trust: In 1850 Henry Beaufoy erected school buildings in Doughty Street Lambeth on land purchased from the London and South Western Railway Company. From 1851 to 1872 the schools were managed by the Committee of the Lambeth Ragged Schools Society and consisted of a day school, a Sunday school and meetings and elementary classes on evenings of weekdays. The building and land remained the property of the trustees. In 1872 the day school was transferred to the School Board for London which used the building until 1880. The Committee of the Lambeth Ragged Schools Society retained the use of the premises for a Sunday School, evening classes and meetings.
Following an inquiry by the Charity Commissioners a report was presented in 1878. Although the Charity Commissioners and the trustees doubted whether the Lambeth Ragged Schools Society could carry on the schools according to the wishes of the founder, a temporary scheme was established 18 September 1883. Philanthropic work of various kinds was carried on at this time but the educational nature of the work was limited. A new scheme was therefore created 8th November 1889, under the title of The Beaufoy Trusts. The trustees continued to permit the use of the school building by the Lambeth Ragged Schools Society for social and philanthropic work which included a Sunday School and other classes for the poor of the district.
In 1898 the school building was disposed of and a new institute was erected on a site in Princes Road and Vauxhall Street. In 1909 it was transferred to the London County Council for use as a technical day school for boys, and for evening classes. From 1 January 1946 a secondary technical school, the Borough - Beaufoy County Secondary School was established, derived from the Borough Polytechnic Junior Technical School and the Beaufoy Junior Technical Day School. In September 1964 the Beaufoy School (a new county secondary school,) was opened in Lollard Street, London, SB11.
Eldon School: Eldon School was founded by Charles Francis in 1829 and a schoolroom and master's residence were erected in Wandsworth Road. In 1847 it was established as a charity. The school was conducted as a public elementary school under the management of a Committee consisting of the trustees (including the Vicar of St Anne's, South Lambeth) and others. In 1891 the school was heavily in debt and the Vicar of St Anne's was unwilling to keep it open as a day school. It was therefore closed in 1891 and the premises used for Sunday school classes, a lad's institute, and various classes. From 7 April 1905 the Hill, Eldon and Francis Foundation was administered by the Beaufoy Trust. By an order of the Board of Education 9 January 1907 the Governors of the Hill, Eldon and Francis Foundation were authorised to sell the Eldon School. It seems likely that the sale took place in 1908 and the proceeds were added to the capital endowment of the Foundation.
Poor relief was based on the Act for the Relief of the Poor of 1601 which obliged parishes to take care of the aged and needy in their area. Parish overseers were empowered to collect a local income tax known as the poor-rate which would be put towards the relief of the poor. This evolved into the rating system, where the amount of poor-rate charged was based on the value of a person's property. Early workhouses were constructed and managed by the parish. However, this process was expensive and various schemes were devised where groups of parishes could act together and pool their resources. As early as 1647 towns were setting up 'Corporations' of parishes. An Act of 1782, promoted by Thomas Gilbert, allowed adjacent parishes to combine into Unions and provide workhouses. These were known as 'Gilbert's Unions' and were managed by a board of Guardians.
Under the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, the Poor Law Commission was given the power to unite parishes in England and Wales into Poor Law Unions. Each Union was to be administered by a local Board of Guardians. Relief was to be provided through the provision of a workhouse. An amendment to the 1834 Act allowed already existing 'Gilbert's Unions' or Corporations of parishes to remain in existence, although they were encouraged to convert themselves into Poor Law Unions. Although there was some reorganisation of union boundaries, particularly in London, the majority of Unions created under the 1834 Act remained in operation until 1930. In March 1930 a new Local Government Bill abolished the Poor Law Unions and the Board of Guardians. Responsibility for their institutions passed to Public Assistance Committees managed by the county councils - in the metropolis either the London County Council or the Middlesex County Council.
The Lambeth Poor Law Parish was formed in 1835, comprising just one parish, that of Saint Mary. Lambeth Parish had an existing workhouse on Princes Road (now Black Prince Road) which they continued to use. A new workhouse was constructed in 1871 on Renfrew Road. This workhouse briefly held the seven year old Charlie Chaplin along with his mother and elder brother. The workhouse later became Lambeth Hospital. The Union also managed an industrial school at Elder Road in Norwood.
Source of information: Peter Higginbotham at The Workhouse website.
An Act of 1792 established seven 'Public Offices' (later Police offices and Police courts) in the central Metropolitan area. The aim was to establish fixed locations where 'fit and able magistrates' would attend at fixed times to deal with an increasing number of criminal offences.
Offices were opened in St Margaret Westminster, St James Westminster, Clerkenwell, Shoreditch, Whitechapel, Shadwell and Southwark. An office in Bow Street, Covent Garden, originally the home of the local magistrate, had been operating for almost 50 years and was largely the model for the new offices.
In 1800 the Marine Police Office or Thames Police Office, opened by 'private enterprise' in 1798, was incorporated into the statutory system. In 1821 an office was opened in Marylebone, apparently replacing the one in Shadwell.
Each office was assigned three Justices of the Peace. They were to receive a salary of £400 per annum. These were the first stipendiary magistrates. Later they were expected to be highly qualified in the law, indeed, to be experienced barristers. This distinguished them from the local lay justices who after the setting up of Police Offices were largely confined, in the Metropolitan area, to the licensing of innkeepers. In addition each office could appoint up to six constables to be attached to it.
The commonly used term of 'Police Court' was found to be misleading. The word 'police' gave the impression that the Metropolitan Police controlled and administered the courts. This was never the case, the word 'police' was being used in its original meaning of 'pertaining to civil administration', 'regulating', etc.
In April 1965 (following the Administration of Justice Act 1964) the London Police Courts with their stipendiary magistrates were integrated with the lay magistrates to form the modern Inner London Magistrates' Courts.
The police courts dealt with a wide range of business coming under the general heading of 'summary jurisdiction', i.e. trial without a jury. The cases heard were largely criminal and of the less serious kind. Over the years statutes created many offences that the courts could deal with in addition to Common Law offences. Examples include: drunk and disorderly conduct, assault, theft, begging, possessing stolen goods, cruelty to animals, desertion from the armed forces, betting, soliciting, loitering with intent, obstructing highways, and motoring offences. Non-criminal matters included small debts concerning income tax and local rates, landlord and tenant matters, matrimonial problems and bastardy.
Offences beyond the powers of the Court would normally be passed to the Sessions of the Peace or Gaol Delivery Sessions in the Old Bailey (from 1835 called the Central Criminal Court). From the late 19th century such cases would be the subject of preliminary hearings or committal proceedings in the magistrates' courts.
Outside the London Police Court Area but within the administrative county of Middlesex lay justices continued to deal with both criminal offences and administrative matters such as the licensing of innkeepers.
The exact area covered by a Court at any particular time can be found in the Kelly's Post Office London Directories, available on microfilm at LMA. The entries are based on the original Orders-in-Council establishing police court districts. A map showing police court districts is kept in the Information Area of LMA with other reference maps. Please ask a member of staff for assistance.
Lambeth Magistrates Court (Renfrew Road, Lambeth), was formerly known as Lambeth Police Court.
The Lambeth Group Hospital Management Committee was responsible for Lambeth Hospital, the South London Hospital for Women and Children, the Queen Elizabeth Maternity Home, Woodhurst, the Annie McCall Maternity Hospital, South Western Hospital and the Royal Eye Hospital. In 1964 it was amalgamated with the Wandsworth Hospital Management Committee to form the South West London Group Hospital Management Committee.
The Lambeth Group Hospital Management Committee was formed in June 1948 by the South West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board to be responsible for the management of the Lambeth Group of Hospitals composed of: Lambeth hospital, the South London Hospital for Women and Children, Annie McCall Maternity Hospital and the South Western hospital. In October 1956 the group was enlarged by the addition of the Royal Eye Hospital, Southwark and its branch at Surbiton. Holmhurst Home, a halfway house for elderly patients, was opened in 1952, by the King's Fund and attached to the Lambeth Group. Records of all these hospital are held by the London Metropolitan Archives.
On 1 July 1964 Lambeth Hospital was transferred to the Saint Thomas' Hospital Group. Lambeth Group Hospital Management Committee amalgamated with Wandsworth Hospital Management Committee to form the South West London Hospital Group Hospital Management Committee. All other hospitals in the Lambeth Group also became part of the new group. In 1968 the South Western Hospital was transferred across to the Saint Thomas' Hospital Group.
The County Courts as they now exist have their origins in the County Courts Act 1846 with modifications etc under the County Courts Acts of 1888 and 1934. The area of jurisdiction of each court is set from time to time by the Lord Chancellor.
The original jurisdiction of the courts included claims of debt or for damages (except for libel, slander, seduction and breach of promise) not exceeding £400; claims for recovery of land (less than £100 rateable value); claims for the administration of estates, execution of trusts, foreclosure, redemption of mortgages; matters regarding the maintenance of infants, dissolution of partnerships, relief against fraud or mistake where the value of the estates or property etc was not more than £500; contentious business in probate and administration matters where the estate was less than £1000.
The courts have had varied and extensive jurisdictions under numerous Acts including questions between husband and wife under the Married Women's Property Act 1882 and compensation for injured workmen by employers under the Workmen's Compensation Acts 1897 and 1925.
More recent decisions and judgements of County Courts can be found at the Registrar for County Court Judgements, Cleveland Street, London W1.
Address of Lambeth County Court: Cleaver Street, Kennington Road, SE11.
District of the Court: Lambeth, Sydenham, and parts of Lewisham and Deptford, Bermondsey, and New Cross. Please see Post Office Directories (available in the LMA History Library) for lists of County Courts existing at any one time together with an account of the area covered by each court.
Community Health Councils were established in England and Wales in 1974 "to represent the interests in the health service of the public in its district" (National Health Service Reorganisation Act, 1973). Often referred to as 'the patient’s voice in the NHS', each Community Health Council (CHC) served the public and patients in its local area by representing their interests to National Health Service (NHS) authorities and by monitoring the provision of health services to their communities.
CHCs were independent statutory bodies with certain legal powers. CHCs were entitled to receive information about local health services, to be consulted about changes to health service provision, and to carry out monitoring visits to NHS facilities. They also had the power to refer decisions about proposed closures of NHS facilities to the Secretary of State for Health. For this reason, CHCs were sometimes known as the ‘watchdogs’ of the NHS. The co-ordinated monitoring of waiting times in Accident and Emergency departments led to ‘Casualty Watch’ which gained national press coverage. Locally, many CHCs represented patients’ views by campaigning for improved quality of care and better access to NHS services, and by responding to local issues such as proposed hospital closures.
Each CHC had around 20 voluntary members from the local area. Half were appointed the local authority, a third were elected from voluntary bodies and the remainder were appointed by the Secretary of State for Health. Members met every month to six weeks and meetings were usually open to the general public. Guest speakers or guest attendees were often invited, particularly when a specific topic or issue was under discussion.
All CHCs employed a small number of paid office staff and some had shop-front offices, often on the high street, where members of the public could go for advice and information about local NHS services. CHCs published leaflets and guidance on a wide variety of topics from ‘how to find a GP’ to ‘how to make a complaint’.
Within the guiding principles and statutory duties of the legislation, CHCs developed organically in response to the needs of the communities they served and for this reason considerable variation can be found in the records of different CHCs.
Lambeth CHC began life in April 1974 as the St. Thomas Health District CHC, later known simply as St. Thomas’ CHC. Its aim was "to provide a new means of representing the local community’s interests in the Health Services to those responsible for managing them" (Minutes of Inaugural Meeting, April 1974). The CHC initially met in hospitals and community spaces before finding a permanent base at 2 Cleaver Street from 1977 onwards. Members were appointed by the borough of Lambeth, voluntary organisations and the South East Thames Regional Health Authority.
In the NHS Reorganisation of 1982 St. Thomas’ Health District (Teaching) became the West Lambeth Health Authority. A new CHC was set up accordingly. The last meeting of St. Thomas’ CHC was held in June 1982 and the inaugural meeting of West Lambeth CHC was held in July 1982. Some former members were retained and some new members joined. The records of the CHC continue seamlessly between the two organisations.
A further change occurred in 1993 following the Regional Health Authority’s decision to re-align CHCs along borough boundaries. Lambeth CHC was set up and received three members allocated from the former Camberwell CHC. The first meeting of Lambeth CHC took place in April 1993. The motto of Lambeth CHC was "your voice in the NHS". As before, the records of the CHC continue seamlessly between the two organisations.
Community Health Councils in England were abolished in 2003 as part of the ‘NHS Plan (2000)’. However, the last records held for Lambeth CHC date from 2000. The last file was labelled with the note "Lambeth CHC 1997 - 2000 (NB: no later records available)" indicating that records for the period 2000 - 2003 are not in this collection and may not have survived.
The company has its origins in the formation of Lambert, Ridley and Company, coal factors and ship and insurance brokers in 1845. By 1869 the name had changed to Lambert Brothers and Scott, with a head office at 85, Gracechurch Street, London. The company expanded and moved into other areas of business including: the merchanting and exporting of coal; ownership of carrying vessels; insurance of ship and cargo and purchase and sale of ships.
Newton Dunn joined the company in 1876, became a partner in 1892, and the first chairman of Lambert Brothers Limited in 1902. The newly formed public company continued as coal depot proprietors, coal exporters, foreign coaling agents, and shipowners and ship and insurance brokers. Coal remained the mainstream of the business, but the company moved increasingly to more diverse areas, like ship and aircraft brokering. Later years saw the expansion of overseas business, notably with the installation of a subsidiary, Ybarrola Depositos de Aceite Combustible S.A., at Bilboa to meet bunkering and agency needs of ships involved in the export of iron ore.
Lambert Brothers Limited was bought by Hill Samuel in 1968, who were in turn acquired by TSB Group Plc. In May 1992 the shipping business was purchased by Inchcape Group, although the company is still owned by TSB and called Endeavour Marine Services.
Following the death of the composer Constant Lambert in 1951, the publisher and writer Hubert Foss was commissioned by George Harrap and Co to write a biography of Lambert. This work was curtailed by Foss's final illness and death in 1953, and thereafter the family of Lambert and Foss's widow Dora Foss attempted to find other suitable authors to undertake the biography. Angus Morrison accepted the task (he was also brother-in-law to Lambert). Born in 1902, he had studied the piano and composition at the RCM and joined the teaching staff there in 1926. Although his biography of Lambert was never published, he provided valuable source material for the biography Constant Lambert by R Shead (London, 1973).
Born 1928; commissioned, Royal Army Medical Corps, 1953; service with Nigerian Military Forces, 1958; Assistant Director of Medical Services, Northern Ireland, [1974-1975]; Col, 1975; Assistant Director of Medical Services, North East District, York, 1975-1982; retired, 1982; died, 2000.
Samuel Lambe's publications include: Seasonable observations humbly offered to His Highness the Lord Protector, (London, 1657); The humble Representation of S. L. [respecting the Commerce of England] [London? 1658?].
Lionel Henry (Harry) Lamb was born on 9 July 1900. He was the son of Sir Harry Harling Lamb (1857-1948), GBE, KCMG, a member of the British diplomatic service, and his wife Sabina (née Maissa). He was educated at Winchester College, and at Queen's College, Oxford, from 1918 to 1920. In December 1921 Lionel Lamb was appointed to HM Consular Service in China, a time of turbulence in China which saw the rise of the Communist Party and later the Nationalist Party (KMT). In 1935, while the National Government ruled, he was appointed as Consul (Grade II) and was stationed first in Shanghai until 1937 - the year of the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War - and then in Peking until 1940. Whilst in Peking, he was promoted to Consul (Grade I). He returned to Shanghai as Superintending Consul and Assistant Chinese Secretary in 1940. He was interned at Shanghai by the Japanese from December 1941 to August 1942. In 1943 he was transferred to St Paul-Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, for a short period, returning to the British Embassy in Chunking as Chinese Counsellor in 1945. From 1947 to 1949, coinciding with the last years of the civil war in China, he was HM Minister at Nanking. After the establishment of the Communist regime and the People's Republic of China, he was appointed to the post of Charg d'Affairs at Peking, which he held from 1951 to 1953. His last appointment before he retired from diplomatic service was as Ambassador to Switzerland from 1953 to 1958. During his career he received various honours: OBE 1944, KCMG 1953 (CMG 1948). In 1927 he married Jean Fawcett (née MacDonald). They had one son, Alistair. Sir Lionel Lamb died on 27 July 1992. Appointments: Vice-Consul in China, 1925; Vice-Consul in China, First Grade, 1934; Consul in China, Second Grade, 1935; Consul in China, 1938; Minister (Foreign Service Officer Grade V), 1947; Officer of the Fourth Grade of the Foreign Service, 1948; Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary at Berne, 1953.
Unknown.
Yee Moon Lam was born on 25 October 1916 in Hong Kong. He later moved to the United Kingdom. Before 1962, he worked as a merchant. He then became a waiter and a cook.
Mr Tom Lam was born and brought up in Vietnam by ethnic Chinese parentage, before moving to the UK in the 1970s. He has worked in the catering trade and various other places, before his current employment in charity. Mr Lam worked as a project officer on the 'Footprints of the Dragon' project run by London Metropolitan Archives in 2007-2008. Most of the items donated by Mr Lam are gifts given to him by friends or the organizations involved.
Mr Lam was born in the mid 1930s. He emigrated from the New Territories, Hong Kong to England, in 1960. He travelled by ocean-liner where he stopped on route in the Philippines, Vietnam, Singapore and India. After disembarking at Marseilles, France, Mr Lam Ying Kau took the overnight train to the English Channel where he caught a ferry to Dover. His frist job in the UK was working in a Chinese restaurant in Luton. In 1976 Mr Lam opened his own Chinese take away restaurant, after the arrival of his family. He retired in 1992.
Before his retirement, Mr Lam worked with various Chinese organizations, promoting Chinese "mother-tongue" teaching. He now lives in north Kent.
Basil Lam died on 4 Mar 1984 at the age of 69. He played the harpsichord in various ensembles, and was best known for his BBC radio broadcasts on early and baroque music, in particular for his series, `Plainsong and the rise of European music'.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Imre Lakatos, 1922-1974, was born in Hungary with the family name of Lipsitz. He attended Debrecen University and graduated in mathematics, physics and philosophy in 1944. During the Nazi occupation of Hungary, he changed his name to Molnar and joined the underground resistance. During the second world war he became a committed communist and after the war changed his name again, this time to Lakatos. In 1947, he was made a secretary in the Ministry of Education and became involved in the reform of higher education in Hungary. In 1948, he wrote a doctoral thesis on concept formation in science, receiving his degree from Budapest University. However his political prominence and "revisionist" tendencies meant that he fell foul of the campaign against the "Hungarian Titoists". He was arrested in 1950 and spent the next three years in jail. He was released in 1953, and in 1954 Alfred Renyi obtained a post for him in the Mathematical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Science. His job was to translate important mathematical works into Hungarian, including work by George Polya. It was here that he first came into contact with western books and journals, in particular the work of Karl Popper and Friedrich Hayek. After the Hungarian uprising in 1956, Lakatos was informed of the likelihood of his re-arrest and so fled to Vienna. Whilst there he was awarded a three year Rockefeller fellowship and went to Kings College, Cambridge, to study under Richard Braithwaite. In 1958 he met George Polya, who advised him to prepare a case study of the "Descartes-Euler conjecture" for his doctorate. This later grew into his book Proofs and Refutations. He joined Professor Popper's department at the LSE in 1960 and rose rapidly to become Professor of Logic in 1969. He became increasingly interested in methodology and in 1965 he organised the International Colloquium on the Philosophy of Science. He also edited the British Journal for the Philosophy of Science.
Born, 1794; educated, Edinburgh University; commissioned in the Prince of Wales's Edinburgh volunteers, 1810; went to Barbados, 1811; appointed ensign in the York light infantry, a corps which served in the West Indies, 1813; promoted lieutenant, 1815; exchanged into the 2nd West India regiment in Jamaica; posted to Sierra Leone, 1820; captain to the Royal African Colonial Corps, 1822; two successive missions to Forecariah in the coastal country (later Guinea) north of Sierra Leone; transferred to the Gold Coast, 1823; official mission to seek the mouth of the Niger, 1824; died on the mission in 1826.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Charles Lahr was born Karl Lahr in 1885 at Wendlesheim in the Rhineland Palatinate, Germany. During his teenage years he became first a Buddhist and later an anarchist. In 1905, to escape conscription into the German army, he left Germany for London. On arriving in London he worked as a baker and expressed his political involvement by joining and frequenting anarchist clubs. By 1914 Lahr had taken work as a razor grinder and had joined the British Section of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). He began to accumulate books at around this time as he moved from residence to residence in the Kings Cross area of London. He also let rooms to people he met through his political activities. Designated an enemy alien, Lahr was interned in Alexandra Palace in London from 1915 to 1919. After the war Lahr returned to his trade and continued his involvement with the IWW, where he met his future wife, Esther Archer, whom he married in 1922. Lahr and Archer both joined the Communist party in 1920, but left in 1921. It was during this brief membership that the Lahr met and became friends with Liam O'Flaherty. In 1921 Lahr took over the Progressive Bookshop at 68 Red Lion Square, Holborn. The bookshop became a centre for new writers and political activists from around the world, and specialised in the sale of radical literature and first editions. The Lahrs' first moves into publishing came in when K. S. Bhat recommended the editors of the New Coterie to take the magazine to the Lahrs. From 1925 onwards Lahr started publishing items on his own account, often using his wife's maiden name to counter anti-German prejudice. During 1925 to 1927 these took the form of offprints from New Coterie, and then articles within the magazine itself. In the publishing world he was in close contact with writers such as D. H. Lawrence, T. F. Powys, James Hanley, A.S.J. Tessimond, Liam O' Flaherty, Paul Selver, Russell Green, George Woodcock, Rhys Davies and several others. The New Coterie ran until 1927, and in 1930 Lahr launched his Blue Moon Booklets and a year later the Blue Moon Press. However, by 1933 Lahr was having financial problems. In 1935 his difficulties came to a head when he was found guilty of receiving stolen books and was sentenced to six months imprisonment. However, after his release he continued his publishing activities although on a much reduced scale. The bookshop continued to be a focus for radicals and revolutionaries.The bookshop in Holborn was bombed in May 1941. Lahr moved the bookshop to several locations in central London before finally moving it to the headquarters of the Independent Labour Party at 197 Kings Cross Road, London. Charles Lahr died in London in 1971.
References:R. M. Fox, 'Lahr's Bookshop' in Smoky Crusade, Hogarth Press, 1938, pp. 180-188.D. Goodway, 'Charles Lahr: Anarchist, Bookseller' in London Magazine, Jun-Jul 1977, pp. 47-55.
Charles Lahr was born Karl Lahr in 1885 at Wendlesheim in the Rhineland Palatinate, Germany. During his teenage years he became first a Buddhist and later an anarchist. In 1905, to escape conscription into the German army, he left Germany for London. On arriving in London he worked as a baker and expressed his political involvement by joining and frequenting anarchist clubs. By 1914 Lahr had taken work as a razor grinder and had joined the British Section of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). He began to accumulate books at around this time as he moved from residence to residence in the Kings Cross area of London. He also let rooms to people he met through his political activities. Designated an enemy alien, Lahr was interned in Alexandra Palace in London from 1915 to 1919. After the war Lahr returned to his trade and continued his involvement with the IWW, where he met his future wife, Esther Archer, whom he married in 1922. Lahr and Archer both joined the Communist party in 1920, but left in 1921. It was during this brief membership that the Lahr met and became friends with Liam O'Flaherty. In 1921 Lahr took over the Progressive Bookshop at 68 Red Lion Square, Holborn. The bookshop became a centre for new writers and political activists from around the world, and specialised in the sale of radical literature and first editionsThe Lahr's first moves into publishing came in when K. S. Bhat recommended the editors of the New Coterie to take the magazine to the Lahrs. From 1925 onwards Lahr started publishing items on his own account, often using his wife's maiden name to counter anti-German prejudice. During 1925 to 1927 these took the form of offprints from New Coterie, and then articles within the magazine itself. In the publishing world he was in close contact with writers such as D. H. Lawrence, T. F. Powys, James Hanley, A.S.J. Tessimond, Liam O' Flaherty, Paul Selver, Russell Green, George Woodcock, Rhys Davies and several others. The New Coterie ran until 1927, and in 1930 Lahr launched his Blue Moon Booklets and a year later the Blue Moon Press. However, by 1933 Lahr was having financial problems. In 1935 his difficulties came to a head when he was found guilty of receiving stolen books and was sentenced to six months imprisonment. However, after his release he continued his publishing activities although on a much reduced scale. The bookshop continued to be a focus for radicals and revolutionaries.The bookshop in Holborn was bombed in May 1941. Lahr moved the bookshop to several locations in central London before finally moving it to the headquarters of the Independent Labour Party at 197 Kings Cross Road, London. Charles Lahr died in London in 1971.
References:R. M. Fox, 'Lahr's Bookshop' in Smoky Crusade, Hogarth Press, 1938, pp. 180-188.D. Goodway, 'Charles Lahr: Anarchist, Bookseller' in London Magazine, Jun-Jul 1977, pp. 47-55.
Charles Lahr was born Karl Lahr in 1885 at Wendlesheim in the Rhineland Palatinate, Germany. During his teenage years he became first a Buddhist and later an anarchist. In 1905, to escape conscription into the German army, he left Germany for London. On arriving in London he worked as a baker and expressed his political involvement by joining and frequenting anarchist clubs. By 1914 Lahr had taken work as a razor grinder and had joined the British Section of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). He began to accumulate books at around this time as he moved from residence to residence in the Kings Cross area of London. He also let rooms to people he met through his political activities. Designated an enemy alien, Lahr was interned in Alexandra Palace in London from 1915 to 1919. After the war Lahr returned to his trade and continued his involvement with the IWW, where he met his future wife, Esther Archer, whom he married in 1922. Lahr and Archer both joined the Communist party in 1920, but left in 1921. It was during this brief membership that the Lahr met and became friends with Liam O'Flaherty. In 1921 Lahr took over the Progressive Bookshop at 68 Red Lion Square, Holborn. The bookshop became a centre for new writers and political activists from around the world, and specialised in the sale of radical literature and first editions. The Lahr's first moves into publishing came in when K. S. Bhat recommended the editors of the New Coterie to take the magazine to the Lahrs. From 1925 onwards Lahr started publishing items on his own account, often using his wife's maiden name to counter anti-German prejudice. During 1925 to 1927 these took the form of offprints from New Coterie, and then articles within the magazine itself. In the publishing world he was in close contact with writers such as D. H. Lawrence, T. F. Powys, James Hanley, A.S.J. Tessimond, Liam O' Flaherty, Paul Selver, Russell Green, George Woodcock, Rhys Davies and several others. The New Coterie ran until 1927, and in 1930 Lahr launched his Blue Moon Booklets and a year later the Blue Moon Press. However, by 1933 Lahr was having financial problems. In 1935 his difficulties came to a head when he was found guilty of receiving stolen books and was sentenced to six months imprisonment. However, after his release he continued his publishing activities although on a much reduced scale. The bookshop continued to be a focus for radicals and revolutionaries.The bookshop in Holborn was bombed in May 1941. Lahr moved the bookshop to several locations in central London before finally moving it to the headquarters of the Independent Labour Party at 197 Kings Cross Road, London. Charles Lahr died in London in 1971.
References:R. M. Fox, 'Lahr's Bookshop' in Smoky Crusade, Hogarth Press, 1938, pp. 180-188; D. Goodway, 'Charles Lahr: Anarchist, Bookseller' in London Magazine, Jun-Jul 1977, pp. 47-55.
Charles Lahr was born Karl Lahr in 1885 at Wendlesheim in the Rhineland Palatinate, Germany. During his teenage years he became first a Buddhist and later an anarchist. In 1905, to escape conscription into the German army, he left Germany for London. On arriving in London he worked as a baker and expressed his political involvement by joining and frequenting anarchist clubs. By 1914 Lahr had taken work as a razor grinder and had joined the British Section of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). He began to accumulate books at around this time as he moved from residence to residence in the Kings Cross area of London. He also let rooms to people he met through his political activities. Designated an enemy alien, Lahr was interned in Alexandra Palace in London from 1915 to 1919. After the war Lahr returned to his trade and continued his involvement with the IWW, where he met his future wife, Esther Archer, whom he married in 1922. Lahr and Archer both joined the Communist party in 1920, but left in 1921. It was during this brief membership that the Lahr met and became friends with Liam O'Flaherty. In 1921 Lahr took over the Progressive Bookshop at 68 Red Lion Square, Holborn. The bookshop became a centre for new writers and political activists from around the world, and specialised in the sale of radical literature and first editionsThe Lahr's first moves into publishing came in when K. S. Bhat recommended the editors of the New Coterie to take the magazine to the Lahrs. From 1925 onwards Lahr started publishing items on his own account, often using his wife's maiden name to counter anti-German prejudice. During 1925 to 1927 these took the form of offprints from New Coterie, and then articles within the magazine itself. In the publishing world he was in close contact with writers such as D. H. Lawrence, T. F. Powys, James Hanley, A.S.J. Tessimond, Liam O' Flaherty, Paul Selver, Russell Green, George Woodcock, Rhys Davies and several others. The New Coterie ran until 1927, and in 1930 Lahr launched his Blue Moon Booklets and a year later the Blue Moon Press. However, by 1933 Lahr was having financial problems. In 1935 his difficulties came to a head when he was found guilty of receiving stolen books and was sentenced to six months imprisonment. However, after his release he continued his publishing activities although on a much reduced scale. The bookshop continued to be a focus for radicals and revolutionaries.The bookshop in Holborn was bombed in May 1941. Lahr moved the bookshop to several locations in central London before finally moving it to the headquarters of the Independent Labour Party at 197 Kings Cross Road, London. Charles Lahr died in London in 1971.
References:R. M. Fox, 'Lahr's Bookshop' in Smoky Crusade, Hogarth Press, 1938, pp. 180-188.D. Goodway, 'Charles Lahr: Anarchist, Bookseller' in London Magazine, Jun-Jul 1977, pp. 47-55.