Born 1850; began surveying as a Midshipman in the Royal Navy Surveying Service aboard the HMS NASSU, 1868; first charting work was in the Magellan Strait; China Station, 1870-1873; served aboard HMS ALERT under Capt Nares, 1878; service on board the Royal Yacht Victoria and Albert, 1879; first command, hydrographic surveyor on HMS MAGPIE in the Sunda Strait and North East Borneo coasts, including surveying on the China Station, [1881-1883]; commissioned HMS RAMBLER and carried out extensive surveys in the Red Sea and in the East, 1884-; surveyed the Western Australian waters in HMS MYRMIDON; Professional Advisor to the Harbour Department at the Board of Trade, 1897-1900; watercolourist; Commander, 1881; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1881-1900; died 1900.
Frederick William Hugh Migeod was born on 9 August 1872 in Chislehurst, Kent. Educated at Folkestone, he joined the Royal Navy Pay Department in 1889. In 1900 he began service with the Colonial Civil Service and was stationed in the Gold Coast until 1919. He then began a series of expeditions to Lake Chad, Cameroon, and Sierra Leone, and twice crossed equatorial Africa. From 1925-1927 and again in 1929 and 1931 he led a British Museum East Africa expedition to excavate dinosaur bones. Following his return to England he became a local councillor and Alderman in Worthing and was Chairman of the British Union for Abolition of Vivisection. He was Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1917-1952. He died on 8 July 1952.
Frederick Migeod's publications include The Languages of West Africa (1913), A Grammar of the Hausa Language (1914), Across Equatorial Africa (1923), Through Nigeria and Lake Chad (1924) and Through British Cameroons (1925).
Sir Francis Edward Younghusband was born, 1863; educated Clifton College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned in the 1st (King's) dragoon guards, 1882; stationed at Meerut, India, 1882; travelled through Manchuria with Evan James; spent seven months crossing the Gobi Desert to Hami, and over the Himalaya via Kashgar and the Muztagh Pass to Kashmir, 1887; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1886-1942, lectured there and received the Founder's Medal, 1887; trekked in the border zones of British India, Russia, China, and Afghanistan, 1889-1891; political officer in Hunza, Aug 1892; political agent in Chitral, 1893-1894; Times correspondent with the Chitral relief force, 1895; Times correspondent in Rhodesia and Transvaal, 1895-1897; returned to India, 1898; political agent at Deoli, 1899; resident in Indore, 1902; leader of a mission to Tibet to establish British political and commercial interest, and to survey the region, 1903-1904; returned to central Asia as resident in Kashmir, 1906; retired to England where he joined the Conservative general election campaign, 1910; chair of the Mount Everest committee formed by the RGS, and president, 1919-1922; founder and later vice-president of the Royal Central Asian Society, 1934-1942; chairman of the India Society; died 1942.
Sir George John Younghusband was born 1859; joined Army 1878; Afghanistan 1879-1880; Sudan 1885; North West Frontier, India 1886; Burma 1886-1887; Chitral Relief Force 1895; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1897-1928; Spanish-American War, Philippines 1898; South African War 1899-1902; Mohmand expedition, North West Frontier, India 1908; Staff College 1911; World War One, 1914-1917; Div Commander, Indian Army 1916; retired 1917; died, 1944.
Born, 1909; educated Chiswick School of Art; Joined the Royal Geographical Society (RGS) Drawing Office staff, 1926; Allied Photo Interpretation Unit, RAF, Second World War; RGS chief draughtsman, 1955-1974; RGS Gill Memorial award, 1959; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1971-1994; retired, 1974; died 1994.
George Wharton Marriott was born in Eton around 1843; he was agent to a rich landowner in Blakeney, Norfolk, on whose expense he travelled around the world. He later became private secretary to Lord Northcote and acted as agent for him in London while Lord Northcote was governer general of Australia. He died in 1921.
Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1954- ; The Back Grant 1954; hydrographer of the British Navy.
Awarded the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS) in 1870 for his journey in Eastern Turkistan. On a second expedition to Gilgit and Yassin financed by the RGS he was murdered at Gilgit, 1870.
Born, 1907; educated Lancing College, Cambridge University; expedition to Edge Island (Edgøya), 1927; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1927-1932; RGS Cuthbert Peek Grant, 1928; expedition to Labrador, 1928-1929; British Arctic air route expedition, 1930-1931; RGS Founder's Medal, 1932; expedition to Greenland, 1932, where he died.
Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1937 onwards.
Born, 1851; educated New College, Oxford; Indian Civil Service, 1873; Assistant Collector, Midnapore; assistant to Sir William Wilson Hunter, Director-General of Statistics, 1875; Assistant Secretary, 1879; Under-Secretary to the Government of India in the Home Department, Imperial Secretariat, 1879; Govindpur, 1880, Hazaribagh, and Manbhum, 1884; compiled information on the castes and occupations of the people of Bengal, 1885; Acting Financial Secretary to the Government of India, 1898; Census Commissioner, 1899; Director of Ethnography for India, 1901; Home Secretary in Lord Curzon's administration, 1902; Permanent Secretary in the Judicial and Public Department at the India Office, 1910; died, 1911.
Publications: The Tribes and Castes of Bengal (1891-2)
Gazetteer of Sikhim: Introductory Chapter (1894)
The People of India (1908; 2nd edn 1915).
The TRINCOMALEE was a frigate built in Bombay for the Royal Navy and launched in 1817, too late to serve in the Napoleonic Wars and was placed in ordinary (reserve). She was brought back into service in the 1840s whereupon she was despatched to American waters and was mainly assigned to anti-slavery patrols; in 1877 she was moved to Southampton as a drill ship; sold in 1897 to be broken up; saved and purchased as a youth training ship and renamed the FOUDROYANT; used as a store ship during World War Two; restored by the Foudroyant Trust; on display in Hartlepool, now renamed as HMS TRINCOMALEE.
Born, 1861; educated: Edinburgh University; worked on the Challenger reports; lecturer in geography; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1891-1950; Librarian of the RGS, 1892-1900; Director of the British Rainfall Organisation, 1900-1919; assisted in the organisation of the National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904; RGS Victoria Medal, 1915; Member of the Council of the RGS, 1927-1937; Vice-President of the RGS, 1927-1932; founder member of the Geographical Association and President, 1930-1933; died, 1950.
Publications: Realm of Nature (1891)
The record of the Royal Geographical Society, 1830-1930, (1930)
Born, 1838; joined the Black Watch at Stirling, 1838; fought as a subaltern in the suppression of the Indian Mutiny; attached to the 8 Punjabis, 1860; volunteer in the American Civil War, 1862-1865; returned to the British Army; Captain, Royal Artillery, 1874; naturalist to Sir George Nares' North Polar Expedition, 1875; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1875-1921; expeditions in Spitsbergen, Novaya Zemlya and the Kara Sea, 1895 and 1897; RGS Council, 1908-1911; died, 1921.
Born, 1898, education Berkhamsted School, 1909, and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, 1915; Royal Field Artillery, 1915-1917; Royal Horse Artillery, 1917-1919; coffee planter, Kenya, 1919-1930; ascended the two peaks of Kilimanjaro (Kibo and Mawenzi) and Mount Kenya and the Ruwenzori range with Eric Shipton; returned to England, 1932; prospected for gold in Kenya and bicycled across Africa from Uganda to the west coast, 1933; reconnaissance of Nanda Devi, Himalayas with Eric Shipton, 1934; reconnaissance expedition to Mount Everest, 1935; climbed Nanda Devi, 1936; explored and mapped a little-known area of the Karakoram; 1937; leader of the 1938 Mount Everest expedition; rejoined the Royal Artillery, 1939; Special Operations Executive, 1943-1945; attempted Rakaposhi in the Karakoram and Muztagh Ata in the Chinese Pamirs, 1947; travelled across China to the Chitral with Eric Shipton; 1948; explored in Nepal, 1949; expedition to Annapurna IV in Nepal and accompanied Charles Houston on the first ever approach to Everest from the south up the Khumbu glacier, 1950; British consul at Maymyo in Burma, 1952; returned to Britain and took up sailing: voyage to Patagonia, crossing the Patagonian ice-cap and circumnavigating South America, 1955-1956; circumnavigated Africa, 1957-1958; sailed to the Crozet Islands and Kerguelen Island in the southern Indian Ocean, 1959-1960; series of voyages to east Greenland, 1961-1974; expedition led by Simon Richardson to Smith Island in the South Shetlands, 1977-1979, on which he died, 1979. Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1935-1977; awarded the RGS Founder's Medal, 1952.
The International Geographical Congress is currently the congress of the International Geographical Union which was established in Brussels in 1922. However, the history of international meetings of geographers is much longer. The first of a series of congresses met in 1871 in Antwerp.
Joseph Brown was born in London and worked as a merchant and banker in the Mediterranean and South America; he set up a gold mining company in Melbourne, Australia, in 1852, then moved to Peru and retired to England in 1867; a talented painter. Ann Cox Brown lived in Turkey from 1841-1847 with the Hanson family.
Born 1855 and educated at Wellington College. Invited to Russia by the then Ambassador Count Shouvaloff in the 1870s, he spent many years in Moscow as correspondent for the Standard and engaged in business in the Russian Far East. He travelled widely in Asiatic and southern Russia and wrote several books on these areas. Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1902-1940.
Born, 1827; educated, Barnstaple grammar school and Blackheath proprietary school; 46th native Bengal infantry, 1844; served in the First and Second Anglo-Sikh wars of 1845-1846 and 1848-1849; expedition under Richard Burton into east Africa, 1854; expedition to the great lakes of east Africa, 1856-1859; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1857-1864; RGS Founder's Medal, 1861; Nile expedition, 1860-1863; died, 1864.
Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1945-
Survey of India, -1880; Director General of the Siamese Government surveys, [1880]-1901; Royal Geographical Society Instructor, 1901-; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1883-.
The Royal Geographical Society (RGS) was founded in 1830 as the Royal Geographical Society of London. Its aim was the advancement of Geographical Science. The Society was granted a Royal Charter by Queen Victoria in 1859. In 1995 the RGS merged with the Institute of British Geographers (IBG) to create the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers). Since 1831 the Society has published a Journal, initially containing the principal papers read at the Society's evening meetings and abstracts of Geographical works published elsewhere, it is now a refereed academic publication. The journal has appeared under various titles: Journal of the RGS (JRGS) 1831-1880; Proceedings of the RGS (PRGS) 1857-1878; Proceedings of the RGS (New Series) (PRGS (NS)) 1879-1892; Supplementary Papers (1882-1893); and the Geographical Journal (GJ) 1893 onwards. At first edited by the Secretary of the Society, the preparation and editing of these journals is currently carried out by the Geographical Journal Office.
Born, 1864; Geological Department of the Natural History Museum, 1887; expedition to Kenya, 1891; accompanied Lord Conway across Spitsbergen, 1896; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1893-1932; Professor of Geology, Melbourne, 1901; led an expedition around Lake Eyre; Chair of Geology at Glasgow University, 1904-1929; Government Commission into the working and organising of Calcutta University, 1917; undertook many travels including a trip to Chinese Tibet, 1922; President of the Geological Society of London, 1928-1930; trip to South America, 1931 on which he died, 1932.
Born, 1842; second son of Sir Keith Alexander Jackson, 2nd Baronet and Lady Amelia Jackson; educated, Ordnance School, Carshalton; Magdalene College, Cambridge; 83 rd Foot; succeeded his brother who was murdered at Delhi, 1857; settled in Argentina; died, 1916.
Amelia Waddell, daughter of George Waddell married Sir Keith Alexander Jackson, 2nd Baronet, Feb 1834, she died, 1872.
Born 1910; educated at Marlborough College and the Royal Military College Sandhurst; passed out first from Royal Military College Sandhurst and awarded King's Gold Medal and the Anson Memorial Sword, 1930; commissioned into 2 Bn, King's Royal Rifle Corps, 1930; served in Tidworth, Wiltshire, 1930; posted to 1 Bn, King's Royal Rifle Corps, Lucknow, India, 1931; Lt,1933; seconded to Indian Police with local rank of Capt, Bengal, 1934-1935; service in Burma with 1 Bn, King's Royal Rifle Corps, 1935-1938; qualified as Interpreter in French and German, 1936; Capt, 1938; seconded to Indian Police with local rank of Capt, Bengal, 1938-1940; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; awarded Indian Police Medal, 1940; Maj, 1940; Second in Command, 10 Bn, King's Royal Rifle Corps (2 Rangers), 1942-1943; Chief Instructor, Commando Mountain and Snow Warfare Training Camp, Braemar, Aberdeenshire, 1943; Commanding Officer, 11 Bn, King's Royal Rifle Corps, Italy and Palestine, 1944; Lt Col, 1944; awarded DSO, 1944; commanded 11 Indian Infantry Bde, Italy and Greece, 1944-1945; awarded CBE, 1945; Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1946; General Staff Officer 1, Joint Planning Staffs, Middle East Land Forces, 1946-1948; Joint Services Staff College, 1949; Western Europe's Commanders-in-Chief Committee, 1950-1951; Col, 1951; Allied Land Forces, Central Europe, 1951-1952; Col, General Staff, Headquarters 1 (British) Corps, 1952; Leader of British Everest Expedition, Tibet, 1952-1953; Knighted, 1953; Assistant Commandant, Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1953-1955; awarded Founder's Medal, Royal Geographical Society, 1954; awarded Lawrence Memorial Medal, Royal Central Asian Society, 1954; President, National Association of Youth Clubs, 1954-1970; commanded 168 Infantry Bde, Territorial Army, 1955-1956; retired as Hon Brig, 1956; President, The Alpine Club, 1956-1958; Director, Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme, 1956-1966; President, Britain and Nepal Society, 1960-1975; Rector, Aberdeen University, 1963-1966; President, Climbers' Club, 1963-1966; President, British Mountaineering Council, 1965-1968; Life Peer, 1966; Chairman, Parole Board for England and Wales, 1967-1974; Personal Adviser to Prime Minister Rt Hon (James) Harold Wilson during Nigerian Civil War, 1968-1970; President, The National Ski Federation, 1968-1972; President, Council for Volunteers Overseas, 1968-1974; Chairman, Advisory Committee on Police in Northern Ireland, 1969; President, Rainer Foundation, 1971-1985; Member, Royal Commission on the Press, 1974-1977; President, National Association of Probation Officers, 1974-1980; President, Royal Geographical Society, 1977-1980; created KG, 1979; Chairman, Intermediate Treatment Committee, 1980-1985; President, Council for National Parks, 1980-1986; joined Social Democratic Party, 1981; joined Social and Liberal Democrats, 1988; President, National Association for Outdoor Education, 1991-1993; awarded King Albert I Memorial Medal for Mountaineering, 1994; died 1998.
Publications: The ascent of Everest (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1953); Sir John Hunt's diary (Everest 1953) [1953]; Our Everest adventure. The pictorial history from Kathmandu to the summit, with Christopher Brasher (Brockhampton Press, Leicester, 1954); translation with Wilfrid Noyce of Starlight and storm. The ascent of six great north faces of the Alps by Gaston Rébuffat (Dent,London, 1956); The red snows. An account of the British Caucasus Expedition, 1958, with Christopher Brasher (Hutchinson, London, 1960); Nigeria. The problem of relief in the aftermath of the Nigerian civil war. Report of Lord Hunt's mission. (HMSO, London, 1970); Hunt Report on Mountain Training, July 1975 (British Mountaineering Council, Manchester, 1975); Life is meeting (Hodder andStoughton, London, 1978); editor of My favourite mountaineering stories (Lutterworth Press, Guildford, Surrey, 1978); In search of adventure [1989].
César L M Des Graz was Secretary to the Commandant of the ASTROLABE on the voyage, 1837-1840.
In 1836 Emperor Louis Philippe of France wanted France to play a part in the exploration of the Southern Seas. Dumont d'Urville in ASTROLABE would lead and would be accompanied by another ship LA ZELEE captained by Charles Hector Jacquinot. Seven scientists accompanied the crews on the voyage. The ships left Toulon 7 Sep 1837, the aim to locate the southern magnetic pole. On 22 Jan 1838 the ships came across Antarctic ice in the Antarctic peninsula region. They sailed across the Pacific in more temperate and tropical climes before heading south again to Tasmania arriving in November 1839. They set sail for Antarctica once again on 1 Jan 1840 and on the 19th sighted a part of the continent where the first ever landing on continental Antarctica was made. They determined the approximate position of the southern magnetic pole before heading back to Tasmania and New Zealand arriving back in Toulon France on 7 Nov 1840.
The Royal Geographical Society (RGS) was founded in 1830 as the Royal Geographical Society of London. Its aim was the advancement of Geographical Science. The Society was granted a Royal Charter by Queen Victoria in 1859. In 1995 the RGS merged with the Institute of British Geographers (IBG) to create the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers).
Michael Corbert Andrews was born in ninetenth century Belfast; studied medieval and early modern maps; worked as a linen manufacturer in Belfast and became a keen historian of early maps and placenames. Andrews was a member of many learned societies; joined the Royal Geographical Society in 1919, becoming a generous donator to its collections of photographs of important maps, and was Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society 1919-1934. Andrews died in 1934.
Born, 1823; Trinity College, Cambridge, 1840; embarked on travels, 1842, chiefly through Abyssinia and the Sudan; lived with the nomadic Kababish tribe as they roamed in the area around al-'Ubayd in the Sudan, 1846-1847; returned to England, 1849; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1849-1894; Assistant Secretary to the British embassy, Constantinople, 1850-1851; served on the RGS council, 1854; Comptroller of the Bankruptcy Court, 1864-1884; died, 1894.
Publications: Life in Abyssinia 2 vols, (1853), 2nd edition (1868)
The Syrian Society, later named the Palestine Association, was formed in 1805 to promote the study of the geography, natural history, antiquities and anthropology of Palestine and the surrounding areas. In 1834, the Palestine Association was integrated into the Royal Geographical Society.
Sir Percy Zachariah Cox was born on 20 November 1864 at Herongate, Essex; educated at Harrow School and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Cox obtained a commission with the 2nd Cameronians, stationed in India in 1884 and in 1889 joined the Indian Staff Corps. In 1893 Cox left India for the protectorate of British Somaliland; was appointed assistant political resident at Zeila, transferred to the principal port of Berbera in 1894, and in May 1895 was made Captain of an expedition against the Rer Hared clan, which had blocked trade routes and was raiding coastal groups. Given the expedition's success, he was promoted assistant to the viceroy's agent in Baroda.
In 1899 the new viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, offered Cox the chance to become political agent and consul at Muscat. In 1904 Cox was promoted as Acting Political Resident in the Persian Gulf as well as Consul-General for the Persian provinces of Fars, Lurestan, and Khuzestan. He became resident in 1909.
Cox became Secretary to the Government of India early in 1914, but the outbreak of war saw his dispatch back to the Gulf as chief political officer with the Indian expeditionary force. He was promoted to honorary Major-General in the course of the war, and saw some action with Major-General Charles Townshend, but his main role was administrative and political. In November 1918 Cox became acting-minister in Tehran, where he negotiated an Anglo-Persian treaty, but in June 1920 was made high commissioner in Iraq. Cox arrived in Baghdad in October 1920 to replace Sir Arnold Wilson and embarked on the most important work of his career, setting up a council of state under the venerable naqib of Baghdad.
In 1902, Cox was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire; Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire, 1911; Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India, 1915; Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1917 and Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George, 1920. Cox received honorary degrees from the universities of Oxford, 1925 and Manchester, 1929; was Fellow of Royal Geographical Society, 1895-1937; President of the Royal Geographical Society, 1933-1936 and chairman of the Mount Everest committee. He died on 20 February 1937 while hunting.
Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society from 1964.
Born 1827; joined the merchant service, 1842; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1857-1915; volunteered for the Franklin search expedition of Captain Francis L McClintock, 1857-1860, and was sailing-master of the Fox during the voyage and commander of a sledge party, Feb-July, 1859, discovering 400 miles of new coast. Commanded an expedition to survey a route for a cable telegraph under the Atlantic ocean by way of Iceland and Greenland, 1860; assisted Admiral Sherard Osborn in equipping the Chinese navy and captain of the man-of-war Kwangtung during the Taiping rebellion, 1862-1864; attempted the northwest passage, and endeavoured to find the records of the lost Franklin expedition on King William's Land, in his yacht Pandora, 1875; refitted the Pandora for a second voyage with the same object and landed dispatches for Nares at Cape Isabella and Littleton Island, 1876; commanded the whaler Hope, chartered with government help, in order to search for the explorer, Benjamin Leigh Smith, 1882; died, 1915.
Ashburnham served in the British Army in the Indian Mutiny, 1857-1858, the Second Afghan War, 1878-1880, the first Boer War, and in Egypt and the Sudan from 1882-1884. He was an ADC to Queen Victoria and awarded the KCB in 1882. Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society,1897-1917.
Sir Edward Belcher, was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, on 27 February 1799. Belcher entered the navy in April 1812, and after serving in several ships in the channel and on the Newfoundland station was a midshipman of the Superb (Captain Charles Ekins) at the bombardment of Algiers in August 1816. He was made lieutenant on 21 July 1818; appointed assistant surveyor to the Blossom, and in May 1825 sailed for the Pacific Ocean and Bering Strait on a voyage of exploration of more than three years. He was made commander on 16 March 1829, and from May 1830 to September 1833 commanded the Aetna, surveying parts of the west and north coasts of Africa.
Following this Belcher was employed for some time on the home survey, principally in the Irish sea, and in November 1836 was appointed to the Sulphur, a surveying ship. After visiting several of the island groups in the south Pacific and making such observations, Belcher arrived at Singapore in October 1840, where he was ordered back to China, due to war; during the following year he was actively engaged, especially in operations in the Canton River. He returned to England in July 1842, after a commission of nearly seven years. Belcher had already been advanced to post rank (6 May 1841) and was made a CB (14 October 1841); in January 1843 he was made a knight.
In November 1842 Belcher was appointed to the Samarang for the survey of the coast of China, which the recent war and treaty had opened to British trade. More pressing necessities, however, changed her field of work to Borneo, the Philippines, and Taiwan, and on these and neighbouring coasts Belcher was employed for nearly five years surveying and fighting pirates. In 1852 he was appointed to command an Arctic expedition in search of Sir John Franklin. The appointment was unfortunate; for Belcher, though an able and experienced surveyor, had already demonstrated that he had neither the temper nor the tact necessary for a commanding officer under circumstances of peculiar difficulty. Belcher was never employed again, though he attained his flag on 11 February 1861, became vice-admiral on 2 April 1866, and admiral on 20 October 1872. Belcher was a Fellow of Royal Geographical Society 1830-1877. He was made a KCB on 13 March 1867. He died on 18 March 1877.
Alan Cawley was a Geological Surveyor in the Department of Lands and Mines, Tanganika in late 1930s and became a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1936-1949.
David Bannister was elected to a Fellowship of the RGS in 1979. Bannister and Moreland wrote Antique Maps: A Collector's Guide, published by Phaidon.
Publications by Coleman include The 1766 Navy List, Captain Vancouver and The Royal Navy and Polar Exploration: From Franklin to Scott.
William Barents was born c 1550; became a cartographer and explorer; embarked on three notable expeditions hoping to find the Northeast Passage above Siberia. Barents reached the archipelago of Novaya Zemlya on his first two attempts, rediscovering Spitsbergen and Bear Island, sailing east into the Kara Sea. On his third attempt in 1596, his ship became trapped by sea ice and he and his crew of 16 men were forced to winter ashore on Novaya Zemlya. In June 1597 they set out on a 1,600-mile escape in two open boats, resulting in Barents death.
Jacob van Heemskerk was born in Amsterdam March 13, 1567. He became famous for attempts to discover an Arctic passage from Europe to China, 1596; Barents accompanied Heemskerck as pilot but died on this voyage. Following this, Van Heemskerck served as a vice admiral, protecting Dutch merchant shipping on voyages to China and the East Indies, dying after the Battle of Gibraltar as a result of leg wounds caused by a cannonball, April 25, 1607.
G C Binsteed was a Fellow of Royal Geographical Society 1911-1915.
No biographical history was available at the time of compilation.
Born, 1821; educated, private school at Rottingdean; College School, Gloucester, 1833-1835; private tutor, 1838-1840; departed for Germany to finish his education, 1840; travelled to Mauritius to manage the family estate, 1845; relocated to Ceylon to establish a coffee plantation and an English colony at Nuwera Eliya, 1845-1854; while in Ceylon he established an impressive reputation as a big game hunter; traveled in eastern Europe; manager-general with the Danube and Black Sea Railway, 1859-1860; traveled in Asia Minor; expedition to discover the sources of the Nile River, 1861-1865; Royal Geographical Society's gold medal, 1865; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1865-1893; governor-general of the equatorial Nile basin, 1869-1873; returned to England, 1873; died, 1893.
Born, Canada, 1879; expedition to Northern shores of Canada and Alaska, 1908-1912; leader of the Canadian Arctic expedition, 1913; Royal Geographical Society (RGS) Founder's Medal 1921; Fellow of the RGS, 1923-1962; died, 1962.
Born, 1878; educated at Portsmouth Grammar School, 1889-1893 and King William's College in the Isle of Man, 1893-1896, and passed out of Sandhurst early in 1898; service in the Indian Army, mostly in Rawlpindi and Bombay, 1898-1904; transferred to the political department of the Government of India; Consul at Bandar-e-'Abbas and assistant to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Sir Percy Cox, 1904; political agent in Kuwait, 1909-[1915]; series of explorations in the interior of Arabia, 1909-1914; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1914-1915; died, 1915.
Born, 1846; Aberdeen grammar school, 1865; studied medicine at the University of Aberdeen, 1867; Anderson's Medical College; graduated MB, 1872 and MD, 1874; practised medicine in Scotland; Assistant Medical Officer in the Seychelles, 1873; Resident Surgeon in the civil hospital at Port Louis, Mauritius, 1874; Chief Medical Officer for the colony of Fiji, 1875; first Administrator of British New Guinea, 1888-1895; Lieutenant-Governor of British New Guinea, 1895-1898; Founder's medal of the Royal Geographical Society, 1896; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1898-1919; Governor of Lagos, 1899-1904; Governor of Newfoundland, 1904-1909; conducted a scientific expedition to Labrador, [1906]; Governor of Queensland, 1909-1914; retired, 1914; died, 1919.
William Singer Barclay was born in 1871; educated at Bedford School and on leaving school travelled to central Uruguay to join a relative who was contracted to build a railway. This contract was cancelled and led to Barclay travelling South and Central America for twenty years. Barclay contributed to the Society's journal from 1904; became editor of a monumental commercial map of South America, published by George Philip in 1922; worked as General Secretary of the Tower Hill Improvement Trust and in later life lectured at the Society's evening meetings; became an authority on South America working as Commercial Secretary to the British Mission to South America, under Sir Maurice de Bunsen during the latter part of World War One and General Secretary to the British Empire trade exhibition in Buenos Aires, 1929-1931. Barclay was a fellow of Royal Geographical Society, 1903-1947 and received the Back Award in 1913. He died in 1947.
Born, 1910; educated, Eton and Magdalen College, Oxford; Honarary Attache of Duke of Gloucester's Mission to Abyssinia, for Haile Selassie's coronation, 1930; Explored Danakil country of Abyssinia and the Aussa Sultanate, 1933-1934; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1934; awarded Back Grant from the RGS, 1935; Sudan Political Service, Darfur and the Upper Nile, 1935-1940; Served in Ethiopia, Syria and Western Desert with Sudan Defence Force and Special Air Service; worked in Arabia with the Desert Locusts Research Organisation, 1945; explored Southern Arabia, twice crossing the Empty Quarter, 1945-1949; RGS Founder's Medal, 1948; returned to England in the 1990s; died, 2003.
Publications: Arabian Sands (1959)
The Marsh Arabs (1964)
'The Residence': Mrs Reid's home in Grenville Street housed early boarders attending Bedford College, until the purchase of 48 Bedford Square.
Bedford Square: The College opened at 47 Bedford Square in 1849. In 1860, Mrs Reid created a Trust for the Managers of the Residence to lease 48 Bedford Square for the use of boarders. The leases were given up on the move of the College to York Place.
York Place, Baker Street: Bedford College moved here in 1874. The Managers of the Residence leased Numbers 8 and 9, and though the College were their tenants for Number 8, the two houses acted as one, with the College using the downstairs rooms and the Residence the upstairs. The Managers passed the lease for both houses to the College Council in 1894. In 1889-1890, the Shaen Wing was built behind the York Place houses to create Physics and Chemistry laboratories. In 1896 10 York Place was leased to provide for Botany and Geology laboratories, a Training Department, a gymnasium, a Library extension and a Professors' Common Room. 7 York Place was leased in 1903. All the York Place leases were sold by 1915.
East Street: Running behind York Place, 64, 65 and 66 East Street were leased by the Managers of the Residence and held for Bedford College until the move to Regent's Park.
Regent's Park Site: Bedford College bought the lease to the South Villa Estate in 1908, and raised money for a new college through a Building and Endowment Fund. The existing house was maintained until after World War One, and from 1909 housed the Training Department and the Art School, and acted as a Residence for the boarders. Designed by the architect Basil Champneys, the new Bedford College was built 1910-1913, and included Reid and Shaen Halls of Residence, (later [1948-1950] renamed Reid Hall, with Shaen, Bostock and Oliver Wings), Oliver Dining Hall, South and North Science Blocks, the Arts and Administration Block, and the Tate Library. Several extensions were made to the original buildings. The Sargent Laboratory for Botany was opened in 1925, the Tuke Building, designed by Maxwell Ayrton, was completed in 1931 and included Inorganic and Physical Chemistry laboratories, an Observatory, space for the Departments of Philosophy, Psychology, Social Studies, Geography, Italian, French and German, lecture rooms, staff rooms, common rooms, Student Union rooms and a large hall, and the Tate Library was divided into two storeys in 1932. Following severe bombing during World War Two, Oliver Hall, the Arts and Administration Building and the North Science Block were practically destroyed. Rebuilding began immediately, and comprised a rebuilt Oliver Hall (1947-1949) with kitchens, refectory, common rooms and a Mathematics Department; a new arts building called the Herringham Building (1948-1951) housing a Hall, Council Room, and the Departments of Greek, Dutch and Latin; and the Darwin Building (1950-1952) to contain the Departments of Geology, Botany and Zoology. The South Science Block was renamed the Arthur Acland Building. Owing to the growth of the College, further extensions were made, such as additions to the Acland Building in the 1950s; the extension of Reid Hall to house a Common Room and Student's Union (1958-1959); the addition of a new wing and extra storey to the Tuke Building; the building of the Botany Garden Laboratories, 1965-1966; the four-storey extension of the Library known as the Jebb Building, 1962-1964; the rebuilding of the kitchens in 1967-1969; the Tuke-Darwin Infill Building in 1971; and the Wolfson Psychology Library, built over the kitchens in Oliver Hall.
Dorset Square: In 1915, 20 Dorset Square was taken as a hostel for 15 students (it was given up in 1924). Numbers 35 and 36 were acquired in 1918 to provide additional accommodation. In 1925, the buildings were extended further with the purchase of two more adjoining houses and the refurbishment of the premises to hold 60 students. The buildings were then named Notcutt House in memory of the former student and Librarian, Miss Rachel Notcutt. The Hall was damaged beyond repair by the 1941 bombing raids on London. The leases of 10, 11 and 12 Dorset Square were acquired in 1966 after money was received from an anonymous benefactor. Named Tennyson Hall, the building opened in 1968 as a residence for 50 male students.
Bedford College House: Three adjoining houses in Adamson Road and one house in Buckland Crescent were taken in 1919. These housed 37 students and were named Bedford College House in 1925. They formed the nucleus of a residential centre to which more houses were later added. Bedford College House was renamed Lindsell Hall in 1944. Various changes were made over the years so that by 1968 the buildings housed 87 students. During the 1969-1970 session male students were housed in part of the Hall in Buckland Crescent. It therefore became the first mixed Hall of Residence.
Hanover Lodge: The building stood in the Outer Circle of Regent's Park, and was leased in 1947 as a residence for 30 students. It was extended in 1962-1963 so that by the 1966-1967 session it provided accommodation for a total of 231 students. From 1970 the accommodation was made available for men and women.
Broadhurst Gardens: 15-26 Broadhurst Gardens were taken as a residence in 1945 to solve the accommodation problem caused by damage to buildings during World War Two. The six buildings housed 60 students and were kept until 1949.
The Holme: Another property taken as a result of bomb damage to College buildings, the Holme was leased from 1946. Situated in the Inner Circle, it housed the Departments of English, Classics and Italian, while the second floor became an extension of the College Residence. The lease was given up in 1975.
St John's Lodge: This building in the Inner Circle, just beyond The Holme, was leased in 1944-1946 to hold the English and Classics Departments. In 1959 it was leased again. At first it provided residential and Union accommodation and later housed the Departments of History, Greek and Latin. Alterations were made to it in 1962.
Nottingham Place: This building was acquired in 1951 and later renamed Rachel Notcutt Hall. It was reserved for women and accommodated 16-22 students. It was given up in 1984.