[Malcolm Flemyng, M.D.; his lectures were published in the form of a text-book An Introduction to Physiology, London 1759.] Flemyng, who was a pupil of Boerhaave and Monro Primus, taught physiology in London in 1751-1752. (He died in 1764.)
[Jan van Gorter, Dutch physician, (1689-1762), published his Compendium Medicinae at Leiden in 1731-1737]. Van Gorter studied at Leyden under Boerhaave, and in 1754 was invited to Russia by the Empress Elizabeth, who made him her first physician.
William Cullen was born,1710; educated Hamilton Grammar School and the University of Glasgow; medical apprenticeship, Glasgow; service as a ship's surgeon; assistant to an apothecary, London; medical practice near Shotts in Lanarkshire, 1732-1734; practised in Hamilton, 1736-1744; graduating M.D., Glasgow, 1740; moved to Glasgow continuing in private practice and lecturing semi-officially on medicine for the University of Glasgow, 1744; Lectureship in Chemistry in Glasgow, 1747; Chair of Medicine, 1751; lectured on chemistry and medicine and continued with his practice, 1747-1755; in 1755 he was appointed conjoint Professor with Plummer in Edinburgh with the succession on Plummer's death which occurred in 1756 and Cullen held the Chair until 1766; Professor of the Institutes of Medicine (Physiology) and of the Practice of Medicine, Edinburgh; retired, 1789; died, 1790.
Charles Alston was born at Eddlewood (now part of Hamilton, just to the west of Chatelherault). He was educated in Glasgow, but on the death of his father the Duchess of Hamilton became his patron and wished him to study law. Alston however wanted to study medicine and went to Leyden to study under Hermann Boerhaave (1668-1738). In Leyden, he met Dr. Alexander Monro, primus (1697-1767). On their return to Edinburgh he revived medical lectures at the University with Alston being appointed Lecturer in Botany and Materia Medica. He also became Superintendent of the Botanic Garden. Alston published various medical papers and an index to the plants in the Botanic Garden in Edinburgh. In his Tirocinium Botanicum Edinburgense (1753), he attacked the Linnaean system of classification. Charles Alston died on 22 November 1760.
William Cullen was born,1710; educated Hamilton Grammar School and the University of Glasgow; medical apprenticeship, Glasgow; service as a ship's surgeon; assistant to an apothecary, London; medical practice near Shotts in Lanarkshire, 1732-1734; practised in Hamilton, 1736-1744; graduating MD, Glasgow, 1740; moved to Glasgow continuing in private practice and lecturing semi-officially on medicine for the University of Glasgow, 1744; Lectureship in Chemistry in Glasgow, 1747; Chair of Medicine, 1751; lectured on chemistry and medicine and continued with his practice, 1747-1755; in 1755 he was appointed conjoint Professor with Plummer in Edinburgh with the succession on Plummer's death which occurred in 1756 and Cullen held the Chair until 1766; Professor of the Institutes of Medicine (Physiology) and of the Practice of Medicine, Edinburgh; retired, 1789; died, 1790.
Edward Low, son of Edward Low, a farmer, entered Trinity College Dublin in 1754, and took his BA degree in 1759. He proceeded to the study of medicine at Edinburgh, but did not graduate there.
Entered the London Medical School for Women 1887, MB 1892, BS and gold medal for surgery 1893, MD 1894, MS (first woman to attain) 1895. Practised as a surgeon in London, and from 1910-1925 was surgeon to the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital. She was also surgeon at the Royal Free Hospital. 1914-1925 Dean, London Medical School for Women. Served with Women's Unit under the Anglo-French Red Cross in France during the First World War. Created Dame of the British Empire, 1925.
George Macartney (1737-1806), 1st Earl Macartney, was Governor and President of Fort St George, Madras, 1780-1786.
James Murie obtained his M.D. at Glasgow University in 1857; later he was Medical Officer in the Expedition to support Speke and Grant in 1862 and visited the source of the Nile at Lake Victoria, Nyanza. He was later lecturer in anatomy at the Middlesex Hospital. He retired to Leigh-on-Sea, where he became interested in Fisheries.
Nathaniel Rogers was M.D. at Edinburgh in 1832.
William Roxburgh was born 1751 and died 1815. His `Flora Indica' or description of Indian plants was his most important work.
Alfred Bowyer Barton was born at Bungay, Suffolk, in 1825, and entered University College, London, in 1844. After qualifying in 1847 he joined the West India Mail Steamship Service and worked through the yellow fever epidemic in the West Indies in 1848. In 1853 he was in the Peninsular and Oriental Company's service as a medical officer and worked in the East until 1855. He then went to the Crimea where he was in charge of the transport of the sick and wounded from Balaclava to Scutari. At the end of the war he sailed for India, and on the way was shipwrecked along with Sir Henry Havelock, then on his way to command the forces suppressing the Mutiny. Barton next saw service in the China war of 1860, and afterwards practised for a time in Shanghai. In 1861 he joined Captain Blakiston and Colonel Sarel in an exploration of the Yangtsze-Kiang River, then an almost unknown river above Hankow. The party reached Pingshan on the Tibet border but were forced to return by the rebels. For their work each of them received the gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society. After his return to England Barton took the MD degree of the University of St Andrews (1866), and the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, by examination (1865). He lived in retirement in Brechin Place, South Kensington, until his death on July 4th, 1905. Further biographical information can be found in A Doctor Remembers by Dr Edwin Alfred Barton, son of A B Barton (London: Seeley, Service & Co Ltd, c.1950). See also 'Notes on the Yangtsze-kiang' by A B Barton, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 1862.
Bisset, Charles (1717-1791), physician and military engineer. Lived in the area of Skelton, Cleveland, North Riding of Yorkshire, 1753-1781.
Jean Astruc occupied one of the chairs of Medicine at Montpellier from 1722 to 1728.
Honoré Aubanel was a distinguished alienist and writer on medical jurisprudence. He obtained his MD at Paris in 1839, and in 1843 was Chief Medical Officer to the St Lazare Hospital for the Insane at Marseilles. On the demolition of this ancient Asylum, Aubanel built a new Hôpital de St Pierre, to which he transferred the inmates of St Lazare, where they were housed and treated under the more humane systems of Pinel and Esquirol.
For an account of Bacstrom, cf. Waite Brotherhood of the Rosy Cross, 1924, pp. 549-560.
The author was Professor of Botany at Glasgow University in 1841, and at Edinburgh in 1845.
Born, 1743; educated: Harrow School, 1752-1756, Eton College, 1756-1760; Christ Church Oxford, 1760-1764; devoted himself to the pursuit of natural history; fellow of the Royal Society, 1766; fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, 1766; trained as a Linnaean naturalist on an expedition to Labrador and Newfoundland, 1766; expedition on the Endeavour, principally to observe the transit of Venus at Tahiti, 1768-1771; expedition to explore the geology and natural history of Iceland, 1772; President of the Royal Society, 1778-1820; died, 1820.
The author was a physician and magistrate of Chambon, and was a member of the Convention in 1792. He was there distinguished by his moderate and sensible views. He voted against the death penalty for Louis XVI, and later engaged in educational reforms. He was a member of the Corps Législatif until 1806, and Procureur du Roi at Chambon in 1814. He is also known as an archaeologist of the Celtic and Roman antiquities of France.
Born, 1629; physician in Montpellier, France; died, 1699.
Unknown
Unknown
Bateman's work was written to illustrate the Description and treatment of cutaneous diseases, 1798-1808, by Robert William (1757-1812).
This hospital is now the Royal United Hospital which dates from 1826, when the two old Charities, the Bath Pauper Charity founded in 1746, and the Casualty Hospital were amalgamated. This material is from the library of Herbert Leonard Fuller (1902-1966), a member of an old medical family resident in Bath: he was consulting surgeon to the hospital from 1937 to the time of his death.
Born 1776; studied medicine and surgery in Paris, 1804; military physician; Professor of Anatomy and Pathology at the University of Louvain, 1821-1830; chair of surgical pathology, l'Université catholique, 1836-1850; died, 1852.
H. Berhard was a bookseller of Rouen.
Born, 1827; member of the staff of the Collège de France as assistant to A.J. Balard, 1851; Professor of Organic Chemistry at the École Supérieure de Pharmacie, 1859; chair of organic chemistry, Collège de France, 1865; member of the Academy of Medicine, 1863; entered the Academy of Sciences, 1873; Perpetual Secretary of the Academy of Sciences, 1889; Inspector General of Higher Education, 1876; elected Life Senator, 1881; Minister of Public Instruction, 1886-1887; portfolio for foreign affairs, 1895-1896; died, 1907.
Thomas Herbert Bickerton (1858-1933), was a distinguished ophthamologist. He also wrote a Medical history of Liverpool from the earliest days to the year 1920 published by his son in 1936. Ophthalmic Surgeon, Liverpool Royal Infirmary, 1886-1919; President of the Liverpool Royal Infirmary, 1923; elected FRCS in 1926.
The author was educated at the École Polytechnique in Paris, and obtained his M.D. in 1804 after having served in the armies of Napoleon as Medical Assistant. He is said to have practised in Galway, and certainly had some knowledge of English. He later settled in his native town of Saulieu (Côte d'Or) where he became Chief Physician, and was in charge of the hospital. He wrote many articles for medical journals as exemplified in this collection. A Recueil des oeuvres posthumes was published in Paris in 1828.
Unknown
Edward Jenner was born, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, 1749; educated at private schools at Wootton-under-Edge and Cirencester; apprenticed to Daniel Ludlow of Sodbury, a surgeon; pupil-resident in the house of John Hunter, 1770-1772; employed by Sir Joseph Banks to prepare specimens from Captain Cook's voyage; studied at St George's Hospital; practiced at Berkeley, 1773; continued to correspond with John Hunter on many subjects; member of medical societies at Rodborough and Alveston, reading papers on medical subjects and natural history; Fellow, Royal Society, 1788; MD, University of St Andrew's, 1792; continued his investigations into cow pox and small pox; vaccinated a boy James Phipps with cow pox and then small pox, who contracted cow pox but not small pox, 1796; published An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolæ vaccinæ, a disease discovered in some of the Western Counties of England ... known by the name of the cow pox, 1798; sent cow pox material throughout England and abroad for vaccinations; vaccinated nearly 200 people at Petworth, Sussex, 1800; granted £10,000 by Parliament in recognition of his work, 1802; Royal Jennerian Society established to promote spread of vaccination in London, 1802; replaced by the National Vaccine Establishment, 1808; continued to work and publish on vaccination; died, 1823, Berkeley, Gloucestershire.
Publications include: Cursory observations on Emetic Tartar [1780?]; An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolæ vaccinæ, a disease discovered in some of the Western Counties of England ... known by the name of the cow pox (Printed for the author: London, 1798); Further observations on the Variolæ Vaccinæ or Cow Pox (London, 1799); A comparative Statement of facts and observations relative to the cow-pox with Dr Woodville (London, 1800); The origin of the Vaccine Inoculation (London, 1801); On the varieties and modifications of the vaccine pustule, occasioned by an herpetic state of the skin (Cheltenham, 1806; Gloucester reprinted, 1819); Facts for the most part unobserved, or not duly noticed, respecting variolous contagion (London, 1808); Letter from E. J. to W. Dillwyn on the effects of vaccination, in preserving from the small-pox. To which are added sundry documents relating to vaccination, etc (Philadelphia, 1818); A letter to C. H. Parry, M.D., ... on the influence of Artificial Eruptions in certain diseases. ... With an inquiry respecting the probable advantages to be derived from further experiments (London, 1822); The Note-Book of Edward Jenner in the possession of the Royal College of Physicians of London (Oxford University Press, London, 1931).
Black succeeded William Cullen as Professor of Medicine and Chemistry at Edinburgh University in 1776. His last lecture was given in 1797.
Blagden was born at Wotton-Under-Edge, Gloucestershire. He studied medicine at Edinburgh and received his MD in 1768. He was elected FRS in 1772 and served as a medical officer in the British Army from about 1776 to 1780. He was Henry Cavendish's assistant from 1782 to 1789, from whom he received an annuity and a considerable legacy. Blagden succeeded Paul Henry Maty as Secretary of the Royal Society in 1784 (while the Society was divided over the efficacy of its President, Sir Joseph Banks, a close friend of Blagden's), serving until 1797. Both in this capacity and as Cavendish's assistant he became involved in the prolonged 'water controversy' - who had priority in discovering the composition of water, claimed by both Cavendish and James Watt in England and A L Lavoisier in France. Blagden admitted responsibility for conveying, quite well-meaningly, word of the experiments and conclusions of both Cavendish and Watt to Lavoisier; and he overlooked errors of date in the printing of Cavendish's and Watt's papers. His experiments on the effects of dissolved substances on the freezing point of water led to what became known as 'Blagden's Law', where he concluded that salt lowers the freezing point of water in the simple inverse ratio of the proportion the water bears to it in the solution. In fact Richard Watson had first discovered the relationship in 1771. Blagden spent much of his time in Europe, particularly in France, where he had many friends among French scientists such as C L Berthollet. He died in Arcueil in 1820. He was knighted in 1792.
Professor Raphaël Blanchard obtained his MD in Paris in 1880, and was elected Member of the Académie de Médecine in 1894. He was the pioneer in the study of Parasitology in France, and 1885-1889 published his Traité de Zoologie médicale which became a standard work. He was the founder of the Société zoologique de France (1876) and of the Société d'Histoire de la Médecine in 1902.
Jean Bodin was a French jurist and political philosopher, member of the Parlement of Paris and Professor of Law in Toulouse.
Marie Anne Victoire Gillain Boivin (1776-1841) worked at the Hospice de la Maternité in Paris and published the Atlas des maladies de l'utérus, Paris, 1833.
Eldest son of Martin Folkes, a solicitor, and Dorothy his wife; attended University of Saumur, France; entered Clare Hall Cambridge to study mathematics, 1706; matriculated, 1709; MA, 1717; interested in coins; Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, 1719; lost Presidency of Royal Society to Sir Hans Sloane, 1727; succeeded to the Presidency following Sloane's retirement, 1741; under his Presidency the Society's meetings became very 'literary', and the Society lost much of its professional character; Folkes's papers to the Philosophical Transactions concentrated on astronomy; despite the criticisms, Folkes was elected to the 'Academie des Sciences' in succession to Edmund Halley, 1742; following his publication Table of English Gold Coins published at his own expense, his Table of Silver Coins from the Conquest was published by the Society of Antiquaries, 1744; the Tables were much consulted by antiquaries; President of the Society of Antiquaries from 1750 until his death; his communications were on Roman antiquities and coins; when his health failed, he resigned from his office at the Royal Society; died, 1754.
Broglié , Louis Victor , de , 1892-1987 , 7th Duc de Broglié , physicist x de Broglié , Louis Victor
Louis Victor de Broglié was elected Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Institut Henri Poincaré in 1928 and awarded the 1929 Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons.
The author was an eminent physiologist: he qualified MD at Berlin in 1842, and became Professor of Physiology at Vienna University in 1849. He was later (1879) raised to the nobility both of Austria-Hungary and of Prussia.
John Chardin was born in London in 1643, the son of a jeweller. As a jewel merchant himself he travelled extensively in Persia and India, publishing an account of his travels, before settling first in Paris and then in London. He died in 1719. Cornelis de Bruin was born in 1652. He travelled through Russia to the East Indies, publishing an account of his travels. He died in 1719. Joseph Smith was born c.1710 and matriculated at Queens' College, Oxford, in 1728. He obtained the degree of D.C.L. in 1740. He died at Kidlington, Oxford, in 1776 (this is noted in the Gentleman's Magazine, 1776, p.483).
Unknown
Sir Thomas Lauder Brunton obtained his MD at Edinburgh in 1867, and was physician to St Bartholomew's Hospital in 1895, having been elected FRS in 1874. He had discovered the efficacy of amyl nitrite in the treatment of angina, and wrote a standard text-book of pharmacy and therapeutics. He received a baronetcy in 1908, having been knighted in 1900. For more biographical information see the Dictionary of National Biography (1912-1921).
Born, 1729; educated at Jedburgh grammar school and University of Edinburgh, intending to enter the ministry; left Edinburgh University, [1758]; practised medicine in rural Yorkshire; medical officer to a branch of the Foundling Hospital at Ackworth, Yorkshire, 1759; practised in Sheffield, 1762; returned to Edinburgh about 1766; fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 1772; practised in London, 1778.
Publications: Domestic Medicine (1769)
On the Offices and Duties of a Mother (1800)
Advice to mothers on the subject of their own health, and on the means of promoting the health, strength and beauty of their offspring (1803)
Fleetwood Buckle was born in 1841. He trained in medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London; he passed as L.S.A., L.R.C.P. and M.D. (St. Andrews) in 1862 and M.R.C.S. in 1863. He entered the Royal Navy in 1863 and served in various stations: in West Africa; in the Dardanelles during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878; in South America, where in 1880 he received the thanks of the Chilean government for tending wounded from the battles around Lima in the war between Chile and Peru, and in 1881 was formally thanked by the Panama Canal Company for his work during a yellow fever epidemic; in China; and in the Eastern Sudan. He attained the rank of Fleet Surgeon in 1886. He died in 1917.
Jean Baptiste Bucquet first studied law, but turned to medicine and chemistry, and began giving private chemical lessons around 1769. In 1776, he was appointed Professor of Chemistry and Natural History at the École de Médicine. He collaborated with Lavoisier in work on gases and their effects on substances. He was a member of the Paris Academie des Sciences.