Leonard Henry Courtney, 1832 - 1918, was born in Penzance and educated at St John's College, Cambridge. He was called to the Bar in 1858 and became a Bencher in 1889. He left law to became Professor of Political Economy at University College, London in 1872, a post that he held until 1875. He also entered politics, becoming the Liberal Party MP for Liskeard from 1875 to 1885, and then MP for the Bodmin Division of Cornwall until 1900. He was made Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department 1880 - 1881, and for the Colonial Office 1881 - 1882. In 1884 he resigned the office of Financial Secretary to the Treasury. His last post was as Chairman of Committees and Deputy Speaker, which he held 1886 - 1892. Leonard Courtney was also a contributor to The Times and The Nineteenth Century. He married Catherine (née Potter, sister of Beatrice Webb) in 1883.
The Constitutional Reform Centre was founded in 1984 to investigate the reform of the British constitution and government. The work of the CRC is controlled by an advisory board, and includes holding conferences and commissioning investigations into areas of constitutional reform. These have included the role of planning enquiries, the development of a written constitution, the civil service, and the intervention of the European Commission. The Centre has also organised a series of seminars under the aegis of the Rt Hon Leslie George Scarman, Baron Scarman of Quatt. A working party has investigated company political donations and benefits to business of good government. Publications include the Constitutional Reform Quarterly Review and CRC Politics Briefings. The CRC has worked with other organisations, notably the National Committee for Electoral Reform, and the Campaign for Fair Votes.
Anthony Crosland was educated at Highgate School and Trinity College, Oxford. He graduated in PPE in 1946, following war service in Italy, and was a lecturer and fellow of Trinity College from 1947-1950. He was Labour MP for South Gloucester 1950-1955 and for Grimsby 1959-1977. He was Minister of State for Economic Affairs 1964-1965, Secretary of State for Education and Science 1965-1967, for Local Government and Regional Planning 1969-1970, and for the Environment 1974-1976, and Foreign Secretary 1976-1977. He was also secretary of the Independent Commission into the Co-operative Movement, 1956-1958, and a member of the Consumer's Council, 1958-1963. He married Susan Catling in 1964.
John Edward Hugh Neale Dalton, 1887-1962, was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge. He won the Winchester Reading Prize at Cambridge in 1909 and the Hutchinson Research studentship at LSE 1911-1913. He became a Barrister-at-law in 1914, and it was also in this year that he married Ruth Fox. During World War I, Dalton served in the RASC and the Royal Artillery in France and Italy, and was attached to the Ministry of Labour for special investigations in 1919. After the war he returned to a career in economics. He became a lecturer at LSE in 1919, Sir Ernest Cassel Reader in Commerce at the University of London, 1920-1925, and a Reader in Economics at the University of London, 1925-1936. He entered politics in 1924, becoming the Labour MP for Peckham 1924-1929, and Bishop Auckland 1929-1931 and 1935-1959. He became Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs 1929-1931, Chairman of Labour Party National Executive Committee 1936-1937, Minister of Economic Warfare 1940-1942, President of the Board of Trade 1942-1945, Chancellor of the Exchequer 1945-1947, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1948-1950 and Minister of Town and Country Planning 1950-1951. He was created Baron Dalton of Forest and Frith in 1960.
An ESRC funded project drawing together two key contemporary political debates: on the one hand, the democratic implications of the expansion in non-elective government in recent years, and on the other the media's growing centrality in the political system. Apart from providing unique data on the hitherto neglected relationship between these areas, the project aimed to contribute to current debates regarding democratic accountability, information flows, news management and state-media relations. The research programme combines several empirical strands various facets of the relationship between the appointive, Quasi-non governmental organisations ('Quangos') and the British news media.
Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson was born in 1862 in a Christian Socialist family. He studied at Charterhouse and King's College, Cambridge, and tried lecturing and medicine before turning to literature full time. In 1887 he became a Fellow at King's College where he remained for the rest of his life. Dickinson lectured at the London School of Economics for 15 years and with Lord Dickinson and Lord Bryce he planned the ideas behind of the League of Nations, resulting in his book The International Anarchy. He died on 3 August 1932.
The Economic History Society was inaugurated at a general meeting held at the London School of Economics on 14 July 1926. R H Tawney took the chair and, after the resolution to form the Society had been carried unanimously, the meeting discussed the constitution and aims of the Society and proceeded to elect its first officers, with Sir William Ashley as the first President. The publication of the Economic History Review was also discussed and R H Tawney and Mr Lipson were appointed as joint editors. The aims of the Society are:
- To promote the study of economic history.
- To issue the Economic History Review.
- to publish and sponsor other publications in the fields of economic and social history.
- To establish closer relations between students and teachers of economic and social history.
- To hold an annual conference and to hold or participate in any other conference or meeting as may be deemed expedient in accordance with the objects of the Society.
6.To co-operate with other organisations having kindred purposes.
The promotion of economic history has mainly been effected through the publication of the Economic History Review and the holding of annual conferences. The Society has also liased with academic funding councils about support for economic history teaching and research and has sought to encourage schools to promote the teaching of economic history.
Woolly Al Walks the Kitty Back was produced by Brian Lapping Associates for BBC Timewatch. It was broadcast in 1992.
William Farr, 1807-1883, was born in Kenley, Shropshire. At the age of two, he was effectively adopted by a local squire, Joseph Pryce, who paid for Farr's education. From 1826 to 1828, Farr worked as a dresser in the infirmary at Shrewsbury and studied medicine with a doctor there. On Pryce's death in 1828, Farr received a legacy that enabled him to pursue his studies in Paris and Switzerland. In 1831, Farr returned to Shrewsbury to work as an unqualified locum before studying at University College London, becoming a licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries. In 1833, he established an apothecary's practice in Bloomsbury, London, and proceeded to publish a number of articles in The Lancet on such topics as hygiene, quack medicine, life assurance and cholera. Farr had first demonstrated an interest in medical statistics during his studies abroad, and in 1832 he published his "Vital Statistics" in Macculloch's Account of the British Empire, thus starting a new interest in statistics. From 1838 to 1879, he worked in the Registrar General's Office compiling abstracts. In 1855, he served on the Committee for Scientific Enquiry into the cholera epidemic of 1854, and produced statistical evidence that cholera was spread by polluted water, though he and his colleagues continued to adhere to the theory that epidemic disease was spread by miasma. Farr also served as commissioner for the 1871 census. He retired from public service in 1879.
Born 1923; educated George Watson's, Edinburgh, King Edward VI Grammar School, Louth, Daniel Stewart's, Edinburgh, High School, Stirling, and Glasgow University; spent three seasons with Shakespeare Memorial Company, Stratford-upon-Avon, 1948-[1951]; spent three years with the BBC Repertory Company; became famous for playing the part of Jet Morgan in the BBC radio drama Journey into Space; appeared in 37 films and many TV and radio performances; Council Member, British Actors' Equity, 1966-1969; Labour MP, Smethwick, 1966-74, and Warley East, 1974-97; Parliamentary Private Secretary to John Thomson Stonehouse as Minister of State for Aviation, 1967, Minister of Technology, 1967-68, and Postmaster General, 1968-69; Opposition spokesman for the Arts, 1970-73, and 1979-82; Founder, and Chairman, British Parliamentary Association for Euro-Arab Cooperation, 1974-97; Co-Chairman, All-Party Parliamentary Heritage Group, 1974-97; Member, House of Commons Works of Art Committee, 1970-97; Member, British Delegation to Council of Europe and Western European Union, 1975-80, and 1987-97; Executive Committee, GB China Centre, 1976-97; Executive Committee, Inter-Parliamentary Union, (British Section), 1983-97; Executive Committee, Franco-British Council, 1978-88; retired 1997; died 2000.
The Federal Union was founded in 1938 to advance the cause of federal government among democratic states in order to achieve international peace, economic stability and civil rights, by means of research, debate and political activity. The Federal Union flourished throughout the war years and established a series of active local and regional organisations. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Union was involved in political debates on topics such as the United Nations charter, international monetary reform and disarmament. It also concerned itself with post war reconstruction and, through this, the cause of European integration and the British entry into the European Economic Community. Federal Union continues to campaign for federalism for the UK, Europe and the world and argues that democracy and the rule of law should apply between states as well as within them. In 1945, on the initiative of Sir William Beveridge, the Federal Educational & Research Trust, an educational charity, was established. The purpose of the Trust was to encourage the study of international relations and co-operation and further research into federal principles and institutions by conducting enquiries, seminars, conferences and reports. Now known as the Federal Trust for Education and Research it continues to operate as a think tank studying the interaction between regional, national, European and global levels of government. Federal Trust has always had a particular interest in the European Union and Britain's place in it. In more recent years, it has supplemented its European work with studies on devolution and regional government in the United Kingdom and reports on global governance.
The Committee on One Parent Families (Finer Committee) was established by Richard (Howard Stafford) Crossman, Secretary of State for Social Services, on 6 November 1969, to consider the problems of one parent families and what help could be given them. The Chair was the Hon Sir Morris Finer (1917-1974). The Report of the Committee (Cmnd 5629) was presented to Barbara Anne Castle, Secretary of State for Social Services, in July 1974. The Committee gathered material through the research projects of universities, government departments and charities, as well as the Department of Health and Social Services and its own research assistants. It also collected evidence from organisations and individuals, a request for which was published in the national press of November 1969. Professor Richard Morris Titmuss, Professor of Social Administration at LSE, was a member of the Committee until his death in 1973.
The general election was held in May 2005 and was won by the Labour Party with a reduced majority. Requests for donations were sent out to candidates of all parties throughout the country and major deposits were received from all parts of the United Kingdom. Parties represented include: Conservative Party, Labour Party, Liberal Democrats, Green Party, UK Independence Party, Socialist Alliance, Plaid Cymru, Scottish National Party and a range of parties from Northern Ireland. The collection also includes a wide range of addresses and material from smaller parties and Independent candidates.
Morris Ginsberg, 1889-1970, was born into one of the smaller Lithuanian Jewish communities of the Russian empire. His first language was Yiddish and as a Talmudic scholar he was educated in classical Hebrew. However he quickly mastered English when he migrated to England to work in the business of relatives in Manchester whilst preparing for entry to London University. He entered University College London in 1910 to read for a degree in philosophy and obtained his MA in 1915. He was a temporary lecturer at LSE from 1915-1916, and Lecturer in the Philosophy Department at UCL in 1921. He became an assistant in the Sociology Department at LSE in 1921 and a Lecturer in 1924. He became Martin White Professor of Sociology in 1929, succeeding Hobhouse, and held this chair until 1954. As Professor Emeritus he taught in the School until 1968.
Ellis Charles Raymond Hadfield, 1909-1996, was born in Pietersburg, South Africa, and educated at Blundell's School, Devon, where he began his first researches into canal history. After studying economics at St Edmund Hall, Oxford, Hadfield became a bookseller. He joined the Oxford University Press in 1936 and rose to become Director of Publications, Central Office of Information, 1946-1948, and Controller (Overseas), 1948-1962. David and Charles publishers was formed in 1960, and Hadfield was Director of this company from 1960-1964. Hadfield is best known for his extensive publications which chart the history of British canals and waterways. His most notable publications are The Canal Age, David and Charles (1968), and British Canals - An Illustrated History, David and Charles (1984). In 1945 he became the first Vice Chairman of the Inland Waterways Association, and he was a member of the British Waterways Board from 1962 to 1966.
Thomas Bewley Haran was born in Wishaw, Scotland. He was a retired bank official, whose career spanned 43 years, the majority in the City of London. He died on 15 July 2000.
Robert Beach was a member of the Gay Liberation Front which held its first meeting on 13 October 1970 at the London School of Economics. It was the beginning of a three year period of great activity, with demonstrations, debates, street theatre, and the establishment of a new gay press. Although GLF began in London, local groups rapidly grew up.
John Chesterman was closely involved in the formation of the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) in 1970, and the production of the Gay International News, which preceded Gay News. The GLF began life in a basement room at the London School of Economics on 13 October 1970. Though without a formal structure, the movement grew rapidly for the next few years and undertook a great number of consciousness-raising activities, such as demonstrations, debates and the establishment of a new gay press.
In 1957, the Wolfenden Report proposed that homosexual behaviour between consenting adults in private no longer be considered a criminal offence. On 7 March 1958, a letter, drafted by Anthony Edward Dyson and signed by a number of eminent individuals, appeared in The Times supporting the Wolfenden recommendation.
Dyson was instrumental in the creation of the Homosexual Law Reform Society in 1958, and became one of the original Trustees of the Albany Trust, a counselling and research service for the gay community, in the same year.
John Henderson Grieve was born in 1770, of Scottish origin, and came originally from Perth. He worked as a scene-painter in minor London theatres and from 1794 was also employed by Richard Brinsley Sheridan at Drury Lane. By 1817, he was working in theatres in Covent Garden where he remained apart from two spells at Drury Lane from 1835 to 1839 and in the two years before his death. Thomas Grieve, the elder son of John Henderson Grieve, was trained by his father and worked with him at Covent Garden and elsewhere from 1817. From 1846 to 1859, he worked at Drury Lane, Covent Garden and at Her Majesty's Theatre, but is perhaps most notable for his leading role he played among the team of scene-painters who supplied Charles Keen's regime at the Princess' Theatre, Oxford Street, from 1850 to 1859, particularly in the Shakespearean revivals of that period. Thomas Grieve also painted famous exhibition hall panoramas with William Telbin and others, including The Overland Mail (to India) from 1852, which is perhaps his most reknowned. He died in Lambeth in April 1882. William Grieve, the younger son of John Henderson Grieve, was born in 1800 and followed the same career course as his older brother by working with his father. However, from 1833, after a family engagement at the King's Theatre (later Her Majesty's) he stayed on as head scene painter until his early death in 1844. He was famous for his moonlight scenes and was reputedly the first scenic artist to be called before the curtain to receive the applause of the audience for his contribution to Robert le Diable at the King's Theatre in 1832. Unlike his father and brother, he also won acclaim as an easel artist, exhibiting landscapes and architectural views at the Royal Academy and elsewhere in the 1830s. He died in November 1844 in Lambeth leaving a large family. Thomas Walford Grieve, the son of Thomas Grieve and the grandson of John Henderson Grieve, was born in 1841 and trained and worked with his father from around 1862. He worked at Covent Garden with him and also at the Lyceum. He never achieved the acclaim received by his father or his older contemporary William Roxby Beverley, and died (apparently of cancer) after a long illness which for some years previously had forced him to give up work.
Cecil Frederick Crofton (whose real name was Frederick Martin) was a versatile actor who appeared in a large variety of parts in the chief London theatres and the provinces, along with parts in pantomimes during the 1880s and 1890s. After considerable experience on the amateur stage, he made his first professional apearance in 1882 in Wilson Barrett's Lights o'London company at the Old Princess' Theatre. After further performances at the Royalty and the Avenue (now the Playhouse) he went on to tour the country as Charles II in Nell Gwynne, shortly after followed by appearances in The Countess and the Dancer and Camille at the Olympic in 1886. In 1889, he took the part of George Ralston in Jim the Penman at the Shaftesbury Theatre, which was also to go on tour in 1893. He took the part of Spooner in the revival of Formosa in 1891, and followed with parts in The Prince and the Pauper at the Vaudeville and Brighton at the Criterion. He played Montague Helston in Watching and Waiting, which he produced at the Vaudeville, and he was also Antony Crabb in The Custom House at the same theatre. In 1894, he went on tour in The Late Lamented, and, after appearances in The Middlemen as Epiphany Danks and in The Professor's Love Story as Dr Yellowlees, it could be said that his career effectively came to a close. Crofton died in November 1935.
No further information available.
The House of Commons is the effective legislative authority in Great Britain. It alone has the right to impose taxes and to vote money to, or withhold it from the monarch, public departments and services. The passage of legislation is the House of Commons' primary function.
Winifred M.T.Nowottny, nee Dobbs, was educated at the University of London and later taught English Literature at University College London. She published the books, Language Poets Use in 1962 and Hopkins' Language of Prayer of Praise in 1972.
Born, 1857, daughter of John Foley of Wadham College and sometime Vicar of Wadhurst, Sussex, and Caroline E.Windham, of Felbrigg Hall, Cromer; educated at home and at University College London, where she became the John Stuart Mill and Joseph Hume scholar; married Thomas William Rhys-Davids (died 1922).
Rhys-Davids was on the board of the Economic Journal from its inception until 1895, although her academic teaching areas remained largely Indian philosophy and Buddhism; Lecturer in Indian philosophy at Victoria University, Manchester, 1910-1913, and lectured on the history of Buddhism at the School of Oriental Studies, 1918-1933; involved in various societies for children's and working women's welfare, 1890-1894 and later became involved in the women's suffrage movement; Honorary Secretary of the Pali Text Society, founded by her husband in 1881, from 1907 and became President after his death; after the death of her only son, Arthur, during the First World War, Rhys-Davids also became increasingly involved with thoughts of the afterlife, spirit communications and telepathy, and published on the subject; died on 26 June 1942.
Publications: Buddhist Psychol: Ethics, 1900, 1923; various first editions of Buddhist canonical and other works; Buddhist Psychology, 1914, 1924; Buddhism (Home Univ.) 1912, 1934; Buddh. translations, 1910-1931; Old Creeds and New Needs, 1923; The Will to Peace, 1923; Will and Willer, 1925; Gotama the Man, 1928; The Milinda Questions, 1930; Sakya, 1931, etc.; A Manual of Buddhism, 1932; Indian Religion and Survival, 1934; Outlines of Buddhism, 1934; Birth of Indian Psychology, 1935; What is your Will?, 1937; To Become or not to Become?, 1937; What was the Original Gospel in Buddhism?, 1938; More about the Hereafter, 1940; Poems of Cloister and Jungle, 1941; Wayfarer's Words I-III, 1940-1942; (Editor) Lectures on Psychology and Philosophy (Univ-Extn Series) by G. Croom Robertson, 1896.
No further information available at present.
No further information available at present.
Born 1876, Ethel Mary Hogg; book collector specialising in bibles; died 1970.
Born 1833; wrote under the name Mrs Henry Pott and became a prominent Shakespeare scholar and proponent of the theory that Francis Bacon was Shakespeare; died 1914.
Publications include: The promus of formularies and elegances, by Francis Bacon (1883); Did Francis Bacon write "Shakespeare"? (1884); Francis Bacon and his secret society: An attempt to collect and unite the lost links of a long and strong chain (1891).
Pyott was a wine merchant of Kingston upon Hull who lost his fortune in trade speculations.
In 1767 the House of Lords ordered the printing of the Rolls of Parliament then extant and the Journals of the House. The publication of the Rolls and Journals between 1767 and 1830 was supervised in some detail by Committees and sub-committees of the House.
No information was discovered at the time of compilation.This is probably the author's own corrected manuscript of Traite de la circulation et du credit, contenant une Analyse raisonnee des Fonds d'Angleterre (Marc Michel Rey, Amsterdam, 1771).
No information was discovered at the time of compilation.
Sir Archibald Edmonstone was created a Baronet of Great Britain in 1774. Between the years of 1761-1795 he sat in Parliament for the county of Dumbarton and the Ayr and Irvine burghs. He died in 1807.
During this period there was much enclosing of land. Records show that enclosure by acts of Parliament in the periods 1761-80 and 1791-1870 enclosed one third of the county of Lincolnshire.
The Royal Navy is the naval military organization of the United Kingdom, charged with the national defense at sea, protection of shipping, and fulfillment of international military agreements.
Dugald Stewart (1753-1828) was a renowned philosopher, who numbered Thomas Reid, Sir Archibald Alison and Sir Walter Scott amongst his friends, and Henry John Temple, 1st Viscount Palmerston, and Lord John Russell, 1st Earl Russell as his pupils. He was a Professor of Moral Philosophy at Edinburgh from 1785 to 1820. He wrote numerous works of biography and philosophy (see the British Library catalogue for details).
The East India Company, also known as the Governor And Company Of Merchants Of London Trading Into The East Indies (1600-1708) and the United Company Of Merchants Of England Trading To The East Indies (1708-1873), was an English company formed for the exploitation of trade with East and Southeast Asia and India, incorporated by royal charter on 31 Dec 1600. Starting as a monopolistic trading body, the company became involved in politics and acted as an agent of British imperialism in India from the early 18th century to the mid19th century.
After a relatively poor upbringing Lovett became interested in the social conditions of the working classes. Around 1830 he was appointed secretary to the British Association for promoting Co-operative Knowledge and during that time was also connected with agitation against stamp duty on newspapers. In 1831 he went on to join the National Union of the Working Classes. In 1836 he assisted to draft the Benefit Societies Act and to draft other People's Bills and Charters. With his collegue Collins he wrote Chartism: A New Organisation of the People in 1841. Later in his life he also became interested in educational issues, writing some educational text books. He was also involved in promoting the establishment of free libraries to parliamentarians.
Gavin Young's publications include: Observations on the law of population: being an attempt to trace its effects from the conflicting theories of Malthus and Sadler (London, 1832); Reflections on the present state of British India (London, 1829).
No information was discovered at the time of compilation.
Kent was one of the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England.
The Great Exhibition of 1851 proved to be the catalyst for the birth of the public argument for decimalization in Britain. At the close of the exhibition the Society of Arts gave a presentation in support of a decimal system in order to bring into line all the weights and measures currently used by various European countries into harmonisation. The International Association and its British branch were formed in 1855.
Chichester is a city in West Sussex, England. It lies on the coastal plain of the English Channel at the foot of the chalk South Downs a mile from the head of Chichester Harbour, with which it is connected by canal.
John Keymer was an economic writer, who published tracts on Dutch fishing.
Chapman was the solicitor to the Boot and Shoe Trades Protection Society.
A number of petitions on the subject of the farthing tokens were presented to the House of Commons in 1643 and 1644.
The Privy Council is descended from the curia regis, which was made up of the king's tenants in chief, household officials, and anyone else the king chose. This group performed all the functions of government. About the time of Edward I (reigned 1272-1307), the executive and advising duties of the Curia Regis came to be handled by a select group, the king's secret council, which later came to be called the Privy Council. This manuscript shows the attempts of King Henry V to secure the support or at least the neutrality of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, who controlled Flanders, before undertaking an invasion of France in 1415.
The Privy Council is descended from the Curia Regis, which was made up of the king's tenants in chief, household officials, and anyone else the king chose. This group performed all the functions of government. About the time of Edward I (reigned 1272-1307), the executive and advising duties of the Curia Regis came to be handled by a select group, the king's secret council, which later came to be called the Privy Council.
The Militia was a military organization of citizens with limited military training, which was available for emergency service, usually local defence.