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The Low Income Diet and Nutrition Survey (LIDNS) was commissioned by the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and was carried out by three organisations; the Health Research Group at the National Centre for Social Research, the Nutritional Sciences Research Division at King's College London and the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at the Royal Free and University College London Medical School. The survey evaluated eating habits, nourishment and nutrition-related health of people on low income and had many aims.

These aims include providing information concerning food and nutrient intakes; to measure health-related factors associated with diet, such as height, weight and blood pressure; to measure levels of physical activity; to analyse smoking and oral health in relation to diet and to evaluate relationships between diet and the risk of developing diseases.

3,728 people from 2,477 low-income households were included in the survey, having been identified as being within the bottom 15% of the population in terms of material deprivation. Research data was collected via interviews and questionnaires, 24-hour recalls of diet, physical measurements and blood samples. Dr Michael Nelson, senior lecturer at King's College London was Principal Investigator in the national survey of diet in low income households; operations staff, principal programmers and data managers were also based at King's College London. The results were published within Low Income Diet and Nutrition Survey Summary of Key Findings, 2007.

The Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at King's College London developed the Secondary School Meals Research Project, 2003-2004. It was funded by the Department for Education and Skills and the Food Standards Agency, as a result of growing concern about childrens' diets and the quality of school meals.

In 1941 the first nutritional standards for school meals were established and later updated several times, for the last time in 1975. However, in 1980 the Education Act removed such nutritional standards and obligations from Local Education Authorities. In 2001 statutory National Nutritional Standards for school lunches were re-introduced. In order to understand the potential changes in the contribution of school lunches to daily intake and following the re-introduction of these standards, a survey of school meals, in a representative sample of English secondary schools, was commissioned.

The study had three main aims; to assess whether the food provided by the school caterer met the statutory 2001 National Nutritional Standards; to assess whether the food provided met the Caroline Walker Trust Experts Working Group's National Guidelines for School Meals; to identify the consumption and nutrient intakes of school children from school meals, then to compare these intakes to the guidelines set out in the Expert Working Group's Report. Food choices of 5,695 pupils from 79 English secondary schools were recorded.

Researchers were based at King's College London and the project was directed by Dr Michael Nelson of King's. This project's findings were reported in School Meals in Secondary Schools in England, 2004.

The Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at King's College London developed the Primary School Meals Research Project, 2004-2005. It was funded by the Department for Education and Skills and the Food Standards Agency, as a result of growing concern about childrens' diets and the quality of school meals.

In 1941, the first nutritional standards for school meals were established and later updated several times and for the last time in 1975. However, the Education Act, 1980, removed such nutritional standards and obligations from Local Education Authorities. In 2001 statutory National Nutritional Standards for school lunches were re-introduced. In order to understand the potential changes in the contribution of school lunches to daily intake and following the re-introduction of these standards, a survey of school meals, in a representative sample of English primary schools, was commissioned.

The study had three aims; to assess whether the food provided by school caterers met the 2001 National Nutritional Standards; to assess whether food provided met the guidelines set out by the Caroline Walker Trust in 1992 and to identify the food consumption and nutritional intakes of primary school children from school meals and to compare these with the Caroline Walker Trust guidelines. The food choices of 7058 children from a representative sample of 151 English primary schools were collated and data was collected at the school and pupil level. Interviewers from market research company, Taylor Nelson Sofres, were used and managed by Dr Michael Nelson, senior lecturer at King's College London. This project resulted in the publication of School Meals in Primary Schools in England, 2006.

The Community Nursing Needs Assessment Project was undertaken in response to the NHS and Community Care Act 1990. The project dealt principally with the ability of health visitors and district nurses to meet the new legislative requirements when addressing the needs of their patients and to suggest modifications to nursing education based on the findings. The project was sponsored by the English National Board for Nursing and based at King's College London, conducted by the Department of Nursing Studies and led by Professor Sarah Cowley, Lecturer in Health Visiting. Other researchers on the project included Ann Bergen, lecturer, Kate Young, lecturer and Ann Kavanagh, research associate. The project consisted of three phases: phase one involved a series of eight focus groups made up of consumers (members of local support groups, carers and those with disabilities) , practitioners (district nurses and health visitors), managers (purchasers and providers) and educationalists (community practice teachers and lecturers). Phase two involved observing recently qualified district nurses and health workers with patients and clients and following up with an interview with the district nurse or health worker on needs assessment. Phase three involved discussing the findings and preliminary proposals with an expert panel made up from the various interest groups. The project ran from Mar 1994 to Jan 1996. The full project title is `An investigation into the changing educational needs of community nurses with regard to needs assessment and quality of care in the context of the NHS and Community Care Act 1990'.

Mathematics has been taught at King's since it first opened in 1831. It initially was part of the Senior Department and the Department of General Literature and Science and then became part of the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Science from 1893, the Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences from 1986, the School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences from 1991, and the School of Physical Sciences and Engineering from 1992.

The University of London ran courses in journalism from around 1923. Study comprised a two-year diploma programme initially available at four participating institutions: University College, Bedford College, the London School of Economics and King's College, and comprising classes in practical journalism, composition, modern history and English Literature. Teaching was concentrated at King's College from 1935 under the directorship of Tom Clarke, former editor of the News chronicle, and teachers included Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell, lecturer in Political Economy at University College and the future Chancellor of the Exchequer. The course was suspended on the outbreak of war in September 1939 and never reinstated.

A Department of History and Philosophy of Science was established at University College London when the study of the history of science became popular during the 1950s. The first students were admitted to Chelsea College in 1964 and a Department was created in 1966. It was transferred to King's College London when Chelsea and King's merged in 1985 and in 1993 became part of the Department of Philosophy in the School of Humanities.

Courses in English Literature and Modern History were provided in the Senior Department from 1831 and in the Department of General Literature and Science shortly afterwards. English and History were separated in 1855. The installation of Samuel Rawson Gardiner as first Professor in 1876 marked the beginning of a focus in the department on the political and constitutional history of Tudor and Stuart England. The department underwent considerable enlargement in staff and in the breadth of its teaching from around 1912 under Professor Fossey John Cobb Hearnshaw, especially with the establishment of the Rhodes Chair of Imperial History in 1919. The department became part of the Faculty of Arts in 1893 and the School of Humanities in 1989.

German has been taught at King's since the opening of the Senior Department in 1831, later coming under the Department of General Literature and Science. The Department of German was formerly part of the Faculty of Arts, and, since 1989, the School of Humanities.

The first Professor of Mineralogy and Geology at King's College London was Charles Lyell, who resigned in 1833 in response to criticism that his lectures undermined accepted biblical chronology. The subject was taught under the various titles of Geology and Mining, Geology, Palaeontology and Mining, and Geology and Geography, with Mineralogy, in the Departments of Applied Sciences, Evening Classes and the Faculty of Science, Natural Science Division, from 1893. The Department of Geology was part of the Faculty of Natural Science from its inception in 1921 until the merger of King's, Queen Elizabeth and Chelsea Colleges in 1985, when the teaching of geology was discontinued and transferred to Royal Holloway College.

Physical geography, imperial geography, and history and geography, were subjects taught in the Department of General Literature and Science and the Evening Studies Department at King's from the 1850s. A chair in geography was established in 1863. The department became part of the Faculty of Arts in 1893, and the subject taught under an intercollegiate arrangement with the London School of Economics from 1922, becoming known as the Joint School of Geography from 1949. The department was part of the School of Humanities from 1989 and in 2001 merged with the Geography Department of the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) and became part of the new School of Social Science and Public Policy.

Courses in English Literature and History were provided in the Senior Department at King's College from 1831 and shortly afterwards became part of the Department of General Literature and Science. English and History were separated in 1855, when classes in English Language and Literature became available. A Department of English was formed in 1922/23, remaining part of the Faculty of Arts until the School of Humanities was created in 1989.

Chemistry was first taught by Professor John Frederick Daniell in the Senior Department and the Medical Department of King's from the opening of the College in 1831. The first Chemical Laboratory was founded a few years later in 1834. Daniell remained at King's until 1845 and in 1846 the Daniell Scholarship was founded in his honour. The subject has always encompassed many departments. When the Senior Department was split into two separate sections; Civil Engineering and Mining in 1838 and General Literature and Science in 1840, Chemistry was taught under both. These sections became the Department of General Literature and Science and the Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 1847-1848. Chemistry was also taught in Evening Classes, which were begun in 1848. In 1888 the Department of Science was formed from General Literature and Science. This became the Faculty of Science in 1893. That same year the Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences was created as part of the Faculty of Science. A separate Faculty of Engineering was later formed in 1902-1903. In 1905 the Faculty of Science was split into the Natural Science and Medical Science Divisions with Chemistry taught under both divisions. These divisions became the Faculties of Medical Science and Natural Science in 1921 and 1923 respectively. From 1961 the Chemistry Department came solely under the under the Faculty of Natural Science, although the subject continued to make up components of other courses. In 1985 after the merger of King's with Queen Elizabeth and Chelsea Colleges, the department became part of the Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, currently the School of Physical Sciences and Engineering.

Biochemistry formed part of the Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry and Histology in the Faculty of Medicine from 1925. This changed its name to the Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology in 1937. Biochemistry became a discrete department in 1958 and was incorporated into the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences in King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry in 1983, the Faculty of Science in 1985, the Faculty of Life Sciences, 1986, and the School of Life, Basic Medical and Health Sciences in 1989. It now forms part of the Division of Life Sciences within the School of Health and Life Sciences.

Anatomy classes were first taught in the Medical Department of King's from 1831. This department became the Faculty of Medicine in 1892, and from 1905 was known as the Medical Division, which formed part of the Faculty of Science. The Faculty of Medical Science was created in 1921 and two years later the Department of Anatomy was formed within it. Anatomy and Anthropology were also taught under the Faculty of Natural Science. After the merger of King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry with King's College Medical School in 1983 the Faculty of Medical Science became known as the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences. From 1985 the Anatomy Department was called Anatomy and Human Biology, and in 1989 it became part of the Biomedical Sciences Division under the School of Life, Basic Medical and Health Sciences. The department is now known as the Division of Anatomy, Cell and Human Biology, and is part of the GKT (Guy's, King's and St Thomas') School of Biomedical Sciences formed in 1998 from the Biomedical Sciences and the Basic Medical Sciences Divisions at UMDS (United Medical and Dental Schools).

For the majority of the twentieth century, and up until the 1985 merger between King's, Chelsea and Queen Elizabeth Colleges, responsibility for the creation and maintaining of staff records was divided according to the status and seniority of the person concerned between the Principal, the College Secretary, the Senior Assistant Secretary and the Bursar. In 1985 the personnel functions of all three colleges were integrated in a single department which took responsibility for staff of the other colleges and reported to the College Secretary. In the late 1990s reporting lines of the department have been varied but the personnel function has remained integrated. Dispersed series of staff files for King's College were integrated on their receipt into three main, chronologically arranged series reflecting academic and academically related, clerical and clerically related, and manual and technical staff.

Between 1831 and 1988 the College Secretary rose from Secretary to the Principal and Council to senior administrative officer of the College. Throughout the period the College Secretary had responsibility for servicing the Council, its main standing and special subcommittees, and the Academic Board. In the 1960s, the post of Academic Registrar was reorganised to reflect the coordinated responsibility for student admission and examinations with the Department.

Between 1831 and 1988 the College Secretary rose from Secretary to the Principal and Council to senior administrative officer of the College. Throughout the period the College Secretary had responsibility for servicing the Council, its main standing and special subcommittees, and the Academic Board. In the 1960s, the post of Academic Registrar was reorganised to reflect the coordinated responsibility for student admission and examinations with the Department. Between 1828-1919 King's College enjoyed the services of just four College Secretaries, two of whom served for remarkably long periods, H W Smith, 1829-1848 and J W Cunningham, 1848-1894. The out-letter books form one complete run of copies of letters sent by or on behalf of the Principal and College Secretary for the period 1834-1917. Initially in the form of manuscript copies, by the late nineteenth century experiments (not always entirely successful in terms of legibility) were made with a variety of wet letter processes.

Between 1831 and 1988 the College Secretary rose from Secretary to the Principal and Council to senior administrative officer of the College. Throughout the period the College Secretary had responsibility for servicing the Council, its main standing and special subcommittees, and the Academic Board. In the 1960s, the post of Academic Registrar was reorganised to reflect the coordinated responsibility for student admission and examinations with the Department. From 1828-1909 the Council was the College's governing and executive body, exercising the powers of the College as provided in the Charter or Statutes. The King's College London (Transfer) Act 1908 incorporated the college into the University of London, and the Delegacy became the governing body of King's College. The Council thereafter governed the Theological Department only, which was separately administered from the rest of the College. The Delegacy was a committee of the Senate of the University of London, which had to ratify all major decisions. By the Royal Charter of 1980, King's College London was reconstituted, merging the Theological Department with the Faculty of Theology and the Council again became the governing body for the whole College. Between 1909-1980 the Court, as the financial board of the University of London, controlled the finances of the College through the custody, control and disposition of all property, funds and investments. The Academic Board advises the Council on all academic matters. The Professorial Board became known as the Academic Board in 1980.

The Strand School originated in the Evening Department of King's College London. The teaching of evening classes commenced there in 1848, but under Alfred Barry, Principal between 1868 and 1883, these were considerably extended to include several courses of an elementary or non-academic nature, including for example the Gilbart lectures on banking and evening workshop classes supported by the Clothworkers Company. In 1875 the government extended the range of the entry examination to the Civil Service and William Braginton set up private classes for those seeking entry into the lower grades. That year he suggested that a connection be established with King's College, allowing him to use rooms in the College and to benefit from its prestige. In the session 1875-1876, 172 young men were admitted and a Civil Service Department was established. At its peak in 1896-1897 it taught 1,533 young men, more than the total number of full-time academic students in King's College at that time. In 1881 agreement was reached that Braginton could also teach women aspirants for the Post Office and after a brief sojourn at Exeter Hall the women were taught in rooms of King's College School; they were to enter by the separate school entrance and be entirely cut off from King's College. In 1892 Braginton obtained permission to run a correspondence course and, more importantly, to establish day classes to prepare pupils wishing to compete for 'boy clerkships' and 'boy copyistships'. There being no more room in the College, premises were successively hired at no 4 Albion Place, Blackfriars Bridge, and then no 91A Waterloo Road. When King's College School moved to Wimbledon in 1897, the commercial school moved into the basement of King's College and became known as the Strand School. By this time the range of examinations for which pupils were prepared also included telegraph learners, excise and customs appointments, and assistant surveyorships. Braginton's pupils were very successful. In 1894 his pupils won 190 appointments out of 326 offered, in a field of 2,400 candidates. In 1895 they won 88 out of 125, in a field of 1,100. Now recognised as a high quality general commercial school, in 1900 London County Council (LCC) agreed that intermediate county scholarships could be held there. In 1905 it was also allowed to become a centre for the training of pupil teachers. In 1907, however, the Board of Education took the view that there was insufficient room for the school (then with 804 pupils) in the basement and threatened to withdraw its grants. The LCC undertook to provide new buildings in Brixton and in 1909 the government of the school was handed over to a committee on which the LCC was represented. It was a condition of the incorporation of King's College into the University of London, authorized by the King's College London Transfer Act of 1908, that the Civil Service classes for adults also be placed under separate control. Braginton agreed to make the necessary arrangements and in 1909 St George's College for women was established in Red Lion Square; St George's College for men was set up in Kingsway, numbering over a thousand students. Braginton jointly administered the two Colleges, resigning the Headmastership of the Strand School to be replaced by R B Henderson in 1910. Henderson supervised the school's move to Brixton in 1913. Strand School flourished for a number of years as a boys' grammar school and later merged with a nearby girls' school.

The Centre, part of the School of Law, was opened in 1978 to undertake research, organise teaching and publish papers concerning issues in medicine involving law and ethics. It draws on the expertise of staff in numerous schools and departments including medicine and theology and offers undergraduate course units and an MA and Diploma programme. The ECBIOMED-1 Project into Persistent Vegetative State was funded by the European Commission under the auspices of their European Biomedical Health Record Programme. Work commenced in 1994 and was co-ordinated by the Centre under the Directorship of Professor Andrew Grubb. It constituted a comparative survey undertaken in eight European countries of the opinions of doctors and health care professionals with experience of patients suffering from trauma of the brain.

The Biomedical Sciences Division formed part of the Faculty of Life Sciences, which later became the School of Life, Basic Medical and Health Sciences. It is now known as the GKT (Guy's, King's and St Thomas') School of Biomedical Sciences, formed in 1998 from the Biomedical Sciences and the Basic Medical Sciences Divisions at UMDS (United Medical and Dental Schools).

The Institute of Gerontology was established in 1986 as a collaboration between the charity, Age Concern, and King's College London, to engage in multidisciplinary study of ageing and old age. It undertakes research and runs MSc and Diploma programmes in Gerontology. The Institute is now a department within the division of Health Sciences, and part of the School of Life and Health Sciences.

In 1967 a committee was appointed to be responsible for establishing a computer service for King's College London, this became the King's College Computer Unit. Dr D C Knight was appointed as Computing Manager and plans were made to convert a former Chemical Engineering Laboratory to house a small computer for the joint use of King's College London and the London School of Economics, linked to a main computer at the University of London Senate House. In October 1969 the Computer Centre at King's was officially inaugurated. From May 1968, the King's College Computer Unit published a newsletter suggesting that King's College London would be provided with a computer of its own; this was intended for use within academic departments, for administrative staff, research, data processing and information retrieval.

In 1980 the centre became King's College Computer Centre and no longer required use of the main University of London Computer Centre. In 1985 King's College London merged with Queen Elizabeth College and Chelsea College, having facilities on the Strand Campus, Kensington Campus and Chelsea Campus. The Strand site also contained the Humanities Computing Laboratory, (now removed to the Centre for Computing in the Humanities).

The Centre provided advice and support for Computer Assisted Learning applications and support and assistance for members of the College wanting to use facilities of external computer centres, including the University of London Computer Centre. By 1988 the King's College Computer Centre had expanded and was managed by the Director of Computer Services and had eight separate divisions; Humanities and Information Management, Science and Engineering, Communications, KCSMD, Management Information Systems, Microsystems and Computing Services Development, Systems and Operations. From 1985 the Director reported to Information Services and Systems.

Following several restructurings the Centre has been variously known as ISS Computing Centre [1990], Information Systems (2002) and IT Systems (2006), sitting within Information Services and Systems department.

The founding committee of King's College London first met in 1828 and the College, instituted by Royal Charter in 1829, opened in 1831. Under the King's College London Transfer Act of 1908 the secular departments of the existing King's College London became University of London King's College on 1 January 1910, to be governed by the Senate of the University via a College Delegacy. The theological department was separated from the rest of the College, to be known as King's College London, and continued to be governed by its council. Financial records were usually compiled by the College clerks under the direction of the College Secretary.

No information at present.

The Associate of King's College London is a distinctive qualification of King's that was awarded from 1833 as a form of degree equivalent. A number of students, however, also sat the examinations of the professional societies and in the case of medical students, the examination of the University of Edinburgh. University of London degrees were also introduced from 1836. In 1846, with the introduction of theological teaching, a Theological AKC was initiated as a vocational qualification of choice. In the course of the 19th century the University of London degree gradually took precedence over other qualifications and, in 1909, the time of the incorporation of the College into the University, the AKC was offered to students who followed a course of religious studies in addition to their main academic subject. In recent decades its scope has been widened to reflect broad ethical, philosophical and social issues.

The Associate of King's College London is a distinctive qualification of King's that was awarded from 1833 as a form of degree equivalent. A number of students, however, also sat the examinations of the professional societies and in the case of medical students, the examination of the University of Edinburgh. University of London degrees were also introduced from 1836. In 1846, with the introduction of theological teaching, a Theological AKC was initiated as a vocational qualification of choice. During the course of the 19th century, the University of London degree gradually took precedence over other qualifications and in 1909, the time of the incorporation of the College into the University, the AKC was offered to students who followed a course of religious studies in addition to their main academic subject. In recent decades its scope has been widened to reflect broad ethical, philosophical and social issues.

See Scope and content.

Between the foundation of King's College London in 1829 and the incorporation of all faculties of the College (with the exception of Theology) into the University of London in 1908, students were assessed under examinations set by the College, as well as the examinations of professional and learned societies, and were also able to attend classes for matriculation from the University of London. Thereafter students of the College took examinations set by departments of the College and in the case of final undergraduate and postgraduate examinations, papers approved by the University.

The Council of King's College London, the governing body of the College, gave rise to a number of sub-committees including the important General/Professorial/Academic Board, and the Finance Committee. It also authorised a variety of ad hoc committees required to arrange specific events, oversee appointments and lectureships, and organise the academic activity of specific departments or faculties. Following the King's College (Transfer) Act of 1908, and the legal separation of King's into the secular University of London, King's College, and the Theological King's College London in 1909-1910, oversight of these committees was transferred to the new Delegacy. The reunification of King's in 1980 brought them back under the ultimate control of Council.

The Thrombosis Research Unit was established in 1965, with a remit to undertake a clinical research programme devoted to the study of thrombosis in patients following surgery. In 1975 the Unit expanded and was given new laboratory space. In 1985 it was decided to expand the activities of the Unit into a new Thrombosis Research Institute, the first of its kind in Europe, a multidisciplinary organisation devoted to basic and clinical research in thrombosis and atheroma.

When King's College Hospital opened in 1840, the Council of King's College London was also the governing body of the Hospital, with the right to appoint all medical staff. All members of the Council were ex-officio Governors of the Hospital, and the Council appointed two of its number to be members of the Hospital's Committee of Management. The Governors of the Hospital consisted mainly of major donors and subscribers. The Committee of Management undertook the daily administration of the Hospital and appointed lay officers including the Secretary. In July 1948 when the National Health Service Act (1946) came into operation, a Board of Governors took responsibility for the control and management of the King's College Hospital Group. When the first reorganisation of the National Health Service took place in April 1974, King's College Hospital Group was replaced by King's Health District (Teaching), and the Board of Governors were replaced by a District Management Team which included a District Administrator.

In 1885 the Committee of Management of King's College Hospital formed its own training school for nurses, and registers of nurses and student nurses began to be kept. King's College Hospital constructed a new building to house the School of Nursing, 1972-1974. It was named Normanby College of Nursing Midwifery and Physiotherapy (Oswald Constantine John Phipps, 4th Marquis of Normanby (1912-1994), was chairman of the KCH Board of Governors at the time). The College building was officially opened in 1975. It provided training in nursing, midwifery, physiotherapy, and radiography. In 1989, Normanby College and the Bromley and Camberwell Health Authorities established the Bromley and Camberwell Department of Nursing Studies, supported by the Department of Nursing Studies, King's College, and University of London. Normanby College amalgamated with the Nightingale and Guy's School of Nursing in 1993, to form the Nightingale Institute.

In 1904 an Act of Parliament was obtained to remove King's College Hospital from Portugal Street to Denmark Hill in South London. The move was managed by a Removal Fund, and a Building Committee was elected in 1904. Special committees and sub-committees were also established to deal with the move.

King's College Hospital Nursing Committee was formed in 1885 when the Sisterhood of St John the Evangelist's nursing agreement with the Hospital was terminated, and the Committee of Management formed their own nursing staff. The Nursing Committee formed an Education Sub-Committee in 1947. The Nursing Committee and its Education Sub-Committee were reconstituted and renamed in 1968 following the Salmon Committee Report recommendations for nurse administration reform. The Nursing Committee became the Nursing Advisory Committee in 1968, reporting directly to the Finance and General Purposes Committee. The Education Sub-Committee became the Nursing Education Committee from 1969, and the Normanby College Council from 1974, reporting to the District Management Team.

King's College Hospital opened in 1840, on a site at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London. In 1913 it moved to its present site at Denmark Hill, South London. In 1856, the Sisterhood of St John the Evangelist signed an agreement with King's College Hospital to provide all nursing and catering for the hospital. When this arrangement was terminated in 1885, the Committee of Management of the Hospital formed its own nursing staff, under Sister-Matron Katharine Monk. Monk reorganised the nursing department and founded the Training School of Nurses.
In 1916, five nurses who were leaving King's at that time decided to meet in five years time to renew friendship and exchange news. After that, they met annually until 1924, when they asked the Sister Matron if they could form a League. A small committee was established which was chaired by Miss M A Wilcox (Sister Matron). Its aims were to maintain links between nurses and their training school, and between past and present nurses; to uphold and forward the profession; to publish an annual magazine, and hold annual reunions. Twenty-eight members attended the first reunion of the Nurses' League on 6 Jun 1925.

The Medical and Scientific Society of King's College London was established in 1833. The object of the Society was: `The cultivation of Medicine and the auxiliary sciences, by the propagation of a spirit of observation and original research, and of a feeling of friendship and co-operation amongst those engaged in the pursuit of these sciences'. In 1845 the Society changed its name to the Medical Society of King's College London. In 1908 the Society became the King's College Hospital Medical Society, and in 1912, the year in which Lord Joseph Lister, Professor of Clinical Surgery at King's College Hospital, died, the name was changed to the Listerian Society of King's College Hospital. The Listerian Society is no longer active.

The Medical School Library was founded in 1839, when the first King's College Hospital was opened in Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London. Apart from an early Report Book covering the years 1839-1852, few records refer to it until 1946. During World War Two, the upkeep of the Library had been unavoidably neglected. A Library Sub-committee was elected in 1945 and the next year a new appointment was made, that of a full-time Librarian.

The King's College London Transfer Act was passed in 1908 (coming into force in 1909), and King's College London was incorporated in the University of London. The Committee of Management of King's College Hospital took over the School of Advanced Medical Studies, bringing into existence King's College Hospital Medical School, while the Faculty of Medical Science remained at the College. The Committee of Management appointed the government of the Medical School, assisted by the Medical School Committee. The Medical School Committee consisted of the Chairman, the Vice-Chairman and the Treasurer of the Committee of Management, and the Dean of the Medical School, together with six members of the Committee of Management and six members chosen by the Medical Board. Under the provisions of the National Health Service Act, 1946, the Medical School was incorporated as a separate legal entity in 1948, distinct from the Hospital, with its own governing body, the Council of the Medical School.

In 1908 the King's College London (Transfer) Act was passed, its provisions coming into force on 1 September 1909. By this Act, King's College London was incorporated in the University of London. The government of the Hospital was separated from that of the College. The Committee of Management took over the School of Advanced Medical Studies, bringing into existence King's College Hospital Medical School, while the Faculty of Medical Science remained at the College. Henceforth, the College provided pre-clinical training only, and the King's College Hospital Medical School provided clinical training. Also under this Act, the King's College Hospital Medical School obtained recognition from, and was constituted as, a School of Medicine in the University of London. From that time until 1948, the government of the Medical School remained the responsibility of the Committee of Management of the Hospital, which was assisted by three Statutory Committees: the Medical Board, the Medical School Committee and the General Board of Teachers. In 1923, it was decided by the Delegacy of King's College and by the Committee of Management of the Hospital, to establish a School of Dental Surgery in connection with, and as part of, the Medical School. In 1948, the Medical School and the Hospital became disassociated. The Hospital came under control of the Ministry of Health and the Medical School became the responsibility of the University of London. The 'new' Medical School became a distinct legal entity and had its own governing body, the Medical School Council, on which there were representatives of the Board of Governors of the King's College Hospital Group, King's College London, the University of London and the Medical School's Academic Board.

For a number of years King's College Hospital Medical Board consisted of the professors, who were usually also medical practitioners, in the Medical Department of the College. Its task was to oversee academic work and teaching. In 1870 the Board was reconstituted and consisted of the physicians, surgeons, assistant physicians, assistant surgeons, the Dental Surgeon, the Senior Anaesthetist of the Hospital, the Teacher of Hygiene in the Medical School and other teachers of the Medical School appointed by the Committee of Management. In 1949 the Medical Board became the Medical Committee, as a consequence of the Hospital becoming King's College Hospital Group in 1948.

The earliest reference of what was later called the Friends of King's College Hospital, was in the annual report of 1903, which mentioned the "Needlework Guild" contributing 604 garments and £42 cash for "comforts of the ward" that year. The members of the Guild were local ladies. In 1910 the Guild made and donated a large amount of linen to the Hospital, including blankets, sheets, pillowcases and towels. In 1917 Dowager Viscountess Lady Esther Hambleden formed from the Needlework Guild, a 'Ladies Association', whose main object was to collect money for the Hospital and for the patients' comforts. The Association raised money for the Hospital, made 400 blackout curtains in World War Two, started and staffed a canteen, gave money for improvements to the Nurses' Home, opened a flower shop and was responsible for flower arrangements in the Hospital. Viscountess Lady Hambleden served as Chairman of the Friends from 1917 to 1944, followed by Dowager Lady Stanley 1944-1947, and the Hon Katherine Acland 1947-1966. From 1966 the Chairman held a three year term of office. In 1961 the Ladies Association and the Ladies Association of Belgrave Hospital for Children became the Friends of King's College Hospital, its basic principles remaining the same: to provide amenities and comforts for the benefit of patients and staff of King's College Hospital. All its members are volunteers. The Friends established the Kingfishers, a junior branch specially concerned with raising money for child patients, with its own Committee.

King's College Hospital Standing Sub-Committee of Finance was appointed in 1855, to raise funds for the Hospital. In 1875 it became the Finance Committee. In 1948 it became the Finance and General Purposes Committee, when the King's College Hospital Group came into being. The Board of Governors of the Group delegated much power to the Finance and General Purposes Committee.

The Appeal Committee, also known as the Special Appeal Committee and the Appeal Sub-Committee, reported to the Appeal Council from 1922 to 1924: the Appeal Council was the managing body with the Appeal Committee as the executive. The Medical School Centenary Committee was set up for the Medical School centenary 1831-1931. The General Board of Teachers was one of the Statutory Boards assisting the Committee of Management with the government of the Medical School, and consisted of the members of the Medical Board and of all persons officially engaged in teaching in the Medical School, meeting for the first time in 1910. The Cambridge House Day Centre was a joint venture sponsored by the Nuffield Foundation and administered and staffed by King's College Hospital.

King's College Hospital Committee of Management was established in 1840. It was elected by and from the Annual Court of the Governors of King's College London, with the College Council appointing two members itself. The Committee of Management undertook the day-to-day administration of the Hospital and appointed lay officers including the Secretary, Steward and Matron. This arrangement of dual control between the Council and the Committee of Management sometimes led to friction, and did not become law until 1851 with the Act of Incorporation. As a consequence of King's College Hospital becoming King's College Hospital Group in 1948, the Committee of Management became the House Committee in 1950. In 1963 the House Committees of King's College Hospital and Belgrave Hospital amalgamated, and were henceforth referred to as the King's College Hospital House Committee, until 1968 when Belgrave Hospital House Committee was transferred from the care of King's and combined with the St Francis Hospital House Committee.

In 1908 all the King's College Hospital Clubs and Societies became amalgamated, and the Clubs and Societies Union of King's College Hospital Medical School was inaugurated. The Union was managed by a Council consisting of a President, a Treasurer, and an Honorary Secretary, and representatives of the honorary staff, resident medical officers, and students. The Union embraced the Listerian Society, the Dental Society, the Common Rooms, the Musical Society, the Athletic, the Cricket, Football, Lawn Tennis, Hockey, Swimming, Boxing, Squash, Golf, and Dance Clubs, and the Christian Union.

The first governors of the Hospital, in 1840, consisted mainly of major donors and subscribers. From 1857 the Board of Governors became the Corporation of the President, Vice-President and Governors. When the National Health Service was established in 1948, the Minister of Health constituted a new board of governors for each of the London teaching hospital groups. The King's College Hospital Group Board of Governors included members appointed on the nomination of the University of London, the Metropolitan Hospital Boards and the medical teaching staffs of the hospitals. In 1974, due to the reorganisation of the National Health Service, the Board of Governors of King's College Hospital Group was disbanded and replaced by a District Management Team.

In 1952 the Medical School established a research sub-committee of the Academic Board, which in the following year became the Joint Hospital and School Research Committee. The Dental Committee was a sub-committee of the Finance and General Purposes Committee. In 1960 the Joint Dental Council and Dental Committee became the Joint Dental Council. The New Dental Hospital and School Joint Advisory Planning Committee became the Dental Planning Committee in 1960. The New Dental Hospital Building Sub-Committee was replaced by the New Dental Hospital and School Building Details Sub-Committee in 1962. The Joint Planning Committee was formed at the time of King's College Hospital Group Board of Governors and Medical School Council becoming King's Health District (Teaching) Management Team and Medical School Council in 1974.