No information available at present.
No information available at present.
Diego de Estella (1524-1578) is also known by the names Didacus Estella and Diego de Ballesteros y Cruzat. He was born in Estella in Navarre in 1524, and entered the Franciscan Order in 1541, becoming active in Portugal as a preacher. He accompanied the Infanta Juana, sister of Philip II of Spain from 1552-1554, and later preached at Philip's court in Madrid, 1565-1569. His criticism of high officials and way of life at the royal court led to rebukes by the Order, and Diego's eventual removal to the Franciscan convent of Salamanca. There he produced many mystical writings, which were printed with the support of his brother. He died in 1578. Meditaciones devotisimas del amor de Dios was first published (by Mathius Gast) in Salamanca in 1576.
Thomas Lovell Beddoes was a poet whose work featured strongly in the Elizabethan revival of the late Romantic period. Born in 1803, his father was the radical physician Thomas Beddoes, and his mother Anna Edgeworth, sister of the novelist Maria Edgeworth. Educated at Charterhouse and Pembroke College, Oxford, Beddoes published The Improvisatore (1821) and The Bride's Tragedy (1822) soon after his graduation. Following a spell among the literary circles of London, he attended medical school in Gottingen, Hanover, and Wurzburg, Bavaria. He achieved his medical doctorate in 1831, but was banished from Bavaria the next year for writing anti-establishment pamphlets, and moved to Switzerland, where he was to spend the rest of his life. Beddoes committed suicide in 1849. After his death, his friend and literary executor, Thomas Forbes Kelsall, published his play Death's Jest Book, and a collected volume of his poems.
Very little is known about Johannes Gratian, who was born in Italy, possibly in Chiusi, Tuscany. He became a Camaldolese monk, and taught at Bologna. At a date some time after 1139 (probably 1140), Gratian compiled the Church laws (`canons') from all available sources and called the collection Concordia Discordantium Canonum (the harmonizing of discordant canons). The collection became known as the Decretum Gratiani. He died before 1179, some say as early as 1160. Although the Dectretum was not an official collection, it was, for a time and for all practical purposes, accepted as the fundamental text of Church law.
Situated in the parish of St Giles in the Fields, Soho, London, Hog Lane was an ancient medieval thoroughfare, which seems to have been renamed as Crown Street and West Street before being incorporated into Charing Cross Road.
No information available at present.
Excise are inland duties levied on articles at the time of their manufacture, notably, alcoholic drinks, but has also included salt, paper and glass. In 1643 a Board of Excise was established by the Long Parliament, to organize the collection of duties in London and the provinces. Excise duty was settled by statute in 1660. A permanent board of Excise for England and Wales was established in 1683 with separate boards for Ireland in 1682 and Scotland in 1707.
Clark was the chaplain at the Royal Military Asylum, Chelsea.
William Pare (1804-1873) was a Birmingham tobacconist, who was one of the founders of the first Birmingham Cooperative Society. He left Birmingham in 1842 to become acting governor of Robert Owen's community at Queenswood, Hampshire, from 1842-1844, and published numerous works on cooperation.
Robert Owen was born in Newtown, Wales in 1771. He was apprenticed to a draper in Stamford, Northamptonshire at the age of 10, and continued his working education in London from the ages of 13 to 16. In 1787 Owen moved to Manchester, where he set up a small cotton-spinning establishment, and also produced spinning mules for the textile industry. Following this success, he became a manager for several large mills and factories in Manchester. In 1794 he formed the Chorlton Twist Company with several partners, and in the course of business met the Scots businessman David Dale. In 1799, Owen and his partners purchased Dale's mills in New Lanark, and Owen married Dale's daughter. At New Lanark, Owen began to act out his belief that individuals were formed by the effects of their environment by drastically improving the working conditions of the mill employees. This included preventing the employment of children and building schools and educational establishments. Owen set out his ideas for model communities in speeches and pamphlets, and attempted to spread his message by converting prominent members of British society. His detailed proposals were considered by Parliament in the framing of the Factories Act of 1819. Disillusioned with Britain, Owen purchased a settlement in Indiana in 1825, naming it New Harmony and attempting to create a society based upon his socialist ideas. Though several members of his family remained in America, the community had failed by 1828. Owen returned to England, and spent the remainder of his life and fortune helping various reform groups, most notably those attempting to form trade unions. He played a role in the establishment of the Grand National Consolidated Trade Union, 1834, and the Association of All Classes and All Nations, 1835. Owen died in 1858.
The Glasgow Union Banking Company was established in 1830. As a result of various amalgamations the company became known as the Union Bank of Scotland in 1843.
George Gordon Noel Byron, 6th Baron Byron of Rochdale, began writing Don Juan in Italy in 1818, and continued to add episodes until his death in 1824. The long, digressive satiric poem is a loose narrative, based on the life and adventures of the eponymous hero. The first two cantos were published in 1819, though the poem was not published in its entirety until eighty years after Byron's death. Willis W. Pratt, in his Notes on the Variorum Edition of Byron's Don Juan, Vol IV (1957), says (p.312) '...throughout the forties and fifties...there was still a spate of imitations and continuations [of Don Juan], but they became fewer, and, if possible, worse'. Among those he cites (on p.313) is 'John Clark (?), second of two volumes, titlepage missing, printed between 1834 and 1847'. The British Museum does not record a copy of this work.
Dôle is located in the Franche-Comté region of France, between Dijon and Bescanon.
The Coachmakers and Coach Harnessmakers Company was granted a charter by King Charles II in 1677. It was soon established as the governing body of the trade and undertook a certain amount of policing within the trade. The company survived the trials of history and developed new interests alongside its traditional ones, particularly in the motor trade.
Publius Cornelius Tacitus (c AD 56-117) was a Roman orator, public official and historian. He was a friend of Pliny the Younger and married the daughter of Gaius Julius Agricola. In AD 97 he was appointed substitute consul under Nerva, and later he was proconsul of Asia. Tacitus was the author of several works, including Dialogus, a discussion of oratory, and Germania, on the origins and location of the Germans. A sense of moral purpose and severe criticism of contemporary Rome, fallen from the virtuous vigor of the old republic, underlies his two longer works, commonly known as the Histories (of which four books and part of a fifth survive) and the Annals (of which twelve books survive). The extant books of the Histories cover only the reign of Galba (AD 68-69) and the beginning (to AD 70) of the reign of Vespasian, and the surviving books of the Annals tell of the reign of Tiberius, of the last years of Claudius, and of the first years of Nero.
Philip Doddridge was born in 1702, and orphaned by the age of 13. The Duchess of Bedford decided to finance his entire education providing he would promise to become an Anglican clergyman, but Doddridge was set on becoming a Dissenting minister. Samuel Clark came to the rescue and offered to finance Doddridge's studies, obtaining for him a place at a Dissenting college at Kibworth, Leicestershire, run by John Jennings. Jennings died in c 1722?, and the college was closed down until April 1729, when Isaac Watts and several other ministers met at Lutterworth for a day of fasting and prayer and felt moved to invite Doddridge to reopen the academy in Market Harborough, which he did. By 1730, the Academy had moved to Northampton, and developed such a good reputation that Anglican clergy began to send their sons there. Doddridge died in 1751.
Born 1903; educated Queen's University, Canada; Queen's University Travelling Fellowship at Harvard University, USA, 1926-1927; Sir George Parkin Scholarship at Trinity College, Cambridge University, 1927-1929; Rockefeller Fellowship, Berlin University and Freiburg-im-Breisgau University, Germany, 1929-1930; Instructor in History and Tutor, Harvard University, 1930-1936; successively Assistant, Associate and Professor of History, Queen's University, Canada, 1936-1946; Guggenheim Fellowship to the USA, 1941; Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve, 1942-1945; Lecturer and Reader in History, Birkbeck College, University of London, 1946-1948; Rhodes Professor of Imperial History, King's College London, 1949-1970; Member of Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, USA, 1952; Kemper Knapp Visiting Professor, University of Winsconsin, USA, 1961, and University of Hong Kong, 1966; Visiting Professor of Strategic Studies, University of Western Ontario, 1970-1972; Visiting Montague Burton Professor of International Relations, University of Edinburgh, 1974; Fellow of King's College London, 1981; died 1988.
Publications: A concise history of Canada (Thames and Hudson, London, [1968]); A concise history of the British Empire (Thames and Hudson, London, 1970); Britain and Canada (London, 1943); British policy and Canada, 1774-1791 (Longmans and Co, London, 1930); Canada: a short history (Hutchinson's University Library, London, 1950); Empire of the North Atlantic: the maritime struggle for North America (University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1950); Great Britain in the Indian Ocean: a study of maritime enterprise 1810-1850 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1967); Imperial finance, trade and communications 1895-1914; In defence of the ivory tower (New Brunswick, 1967); Le development de l'Union Britannique (1958); Peculiar interlude: the expansion of England in a period of peace, 1815-1850 (University of Sydney, Sydney, 1959); Sea power and British North America, 1783-1820 (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1941); The politics of naval supremacy: studies in British maritime ascendancy (University Press, Cambridge, 1965); editor of The Walker Expedition to Quebec, 1711 (Toronto and London, 1953); Tide of Empire: discursions on the expansion of Britain overseas (McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal and London, 1972); editor of West African History series (Oxford University Press, London, 1958-); editor of The Navy and South America, 1807-1823 (London, 1962); The China Station: war and diplomacy 1830-1860 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1978); The Royal Navy in the War of American Independence (HMSO, London, 1976).
The James Clerk Maxwell Foundation was launched in 1977 to promote research and education in science and technology. In 1992 the Foundation bought the birthplace of James Clerk Maxwell in Edinburgh, sharing the cost with ICMS (International Centre for Mathematical Sciences), formed by a consortium of Scottish Universities.
Born in Rugby, 16 August 1867; educated at Charterhouse and Christ Church Oxford; First class Classical Moderation, 1888; First class Classics, 1890; D Litt, Oxford, 1910; Honorary PhD, Athens, 1914; Assistant to Professor of Greek, University of Glasgow, 1891-1897; Professor of Greek, University College Cardiff, 1898-1908; Professor of Greek, University of Manchester, 1908-1913; Principal of King's College London, 1913-1920; Fellow of King's College London, 1914; founded the School of Slavonic Studies, King's College London, 1915; Acting Chairman of the Anglo-Hellenic League; Member of the Council of the Hellenic Society, the Serbian Society, the Serbian Relief Fund, the United Russia Societies Association; British-Italian League, the Anglo-Roumanian Society and the Anglo-Spanish Society; Honorary member of the Archaeological Society of Athens; Grand Commander Order of King George of Greece; Commander Order of the Saviour; Order of St Sava; died 14 May 1920.
Publications: Florilegium Tironis Graecum: Simple passages for Greek unseen translation chosen with a view to their literary interest with William Charles Flamstead Walters, (Macmillan & Co, London, 1904, reissued in 1930); The discoveries in Crete and their bearing on the history of ancient civilisation (John Murray, London, 1907, reissued in 1969); Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Report of the International Commission into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars (reprint of review from The Athenaeum, London, 1914); The New Greece (reprinted from the Quarterly Review, London, 1914); The Abdication of King Constantine, June 12, 1917 (a reprint of articles of the Anglo-Hellenic League, London, 1917).
Born 2 June 1923; Christ's College Cambridge, 1941-1943; MA, 1943; temporary Officer at the Admiralty Signal Establishment, Witley, 1943-1946; Honorary Scholar of Natural Science, Christ's College Cambridge, 1946-1950; Lecturer in Physics, King's College London, 1950; Sub-Dean of Natural Science, King's College London, 1969; Senior Lecturer, King's College London, 1972-1985; died 3 December 1993.
Born, 17 December 1817, Ipswich; Demonstrator of Chemistry, King's College London, 1840; MB and MD, University of London, 1841-2; Professor of Chemistry at King's College London, 1845; Fellow, Royal Society, 1845; died, 30 September 1870.
Publications: Elements of Chemistry, theoretical and practical (London, 1855-1857); Introduction to the study of inorganic chemistry (1871); editor of Elements of meteorology (John W. Parker, London, 1845); On the importance of chemistry to medicine (London, 1845); Practical hints to the medical student (London, 1867).
Born 21 October 1933; educated at Trowbridge High School for Girls and Sarah Bonnell High School for Girls; BA honours, English, King's College London, 1953-1956; Chairman of the Greater London Arts Literature Panel, 1979-1981, the Authors Lending and Copyright Society, 1982-1994, and the British Copyright Council from 1989 (Vice Chairman, 1981-1986); Vice Chairman of the Copyright Licensing Agency, from 1994; President of the Writers' Guild of Great Britain, 1985-1988; Co-founder of the Writers' Action Group, 1972-1979; Vice President of the European Writers Congress, from 1992, and Beauty without Cruelty, from 1975; Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, 1985.
Publications: That's how it was (New Authors, London, 1962); The single eye (Hutchinson, London, 1964); The microcosm (Hutchinson, London, 1966); The paradox players (Hutchinson, London, 1967); Lyrics for the dog hour (Hutchinson & Co, London, 1968); Wounds (Methuen, London, 1969); Rites (Methuen & Co, London, 1969); Love child (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1971); The venus touch (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1971); The erotic world of faery (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1972); I want to go to Moscow (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1973); A nightingale in Bloomsbury Square (1974); Capital (Cape, London 1975); Evesong (1975); The passionate shepherdess: Aphra Behn, 1640-89 (Cape, London, 1977); Housespy (Hamilton, London, 1978); Memorials of the quick and the dead (H Hamilton, London, 1979); Inherit the earth: a social history (H Hamilton, London, 1980); Gor saga (Eyre Metheun, London, 1981); Londoners: an elegy (Methuen, London, 1983); Men and beasts: an animal rights handbook (Paladin, London, 1984); Collected poems (Hamilton, London, 1985); Change (Methuen, London, 1987); A thousand capricious chances: a history of the Methuen list 1889-1989 (Methuen, London, 1989); Illuminations (Sinclair-Stevenson, 1991); Occam's razor (Sinclair-Stevenson, London, 1993); Love child (Virago Press, London, 1994); Henry Purcell (Fourth Estate, London, 1994).
Born 17 December 1887, London; educated at Farnborough Park School, Hampshire, 1898-1902, and Cheltenham College, 1902; studied engineering at King's College London, 1904-1908; attended evening art classes at the Regent Street Polytechnic and the School of Photo-Engraving and Lithography in Bolt Court, while at King's College London; graduated BSc in Civil Engineering, 1908, and qualified as AMICE (Associate Member of the Institute of Civil Engineers); worked at the naval dockyard at Rosyth, 1909; played rugby in the final international trials, 1913; applied for release from the dockyard to join the army (Royal Engineers), 1914; married Mary ('Mollie') Holden, an artist, 1914; blown up by a shell at Gallipoli, 1915, suffered a shattered back and could not walk for three years; his first drawing was accepted by the editor of Punch magazine in 1916, entitled 'War's Brutalising Influence' and was signed 'Fougasse' (a French mine which might or might not go off); contributed regularly to Punch, and started to publish his drawings in book form, as well as running a series of exhibitions and doing commercial work; Fellow of King's College London, 1936; Art Editor of Punch, 1937-1949, and Editor 1949-1953; Air-raid Warden in Kensington, from 1939; visited France at the request of the War Office, 1940, on his return he did over a thousand drawings and posters for various Ministries, on issues such as war propaganda and security (as an entirely unpaid honorary war job), creating illustrations and posters for the Royal Navy, the Army and the Royal Air Force; member of the BBC Brains Trust; appointed CBE in 1946; died in London, 11 June 1965.
Born in Lancashire, 23 March 1905; educated at grammar school in Ashton-in-Makerfield and at the University of Manchester; First class honours degree in physics, 1925; MSc, 1926; employed on research by the General Electric Company, 1926-1937; awarded Royal Society fellowship to study electron processes in luminescent solids in the Physics Department at Birmingham University, 1937-1943; associated with Dr Henry Albert Howard Boot and Professor James Sayers at Birmingham University in the invention of the cavity magnetron, an essential element of radar; DSc, 1938; temporary lecturer, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, 1943-1944; appointed Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of St Andrews, 1944; Wheatstone Chair of Physics at King's College London, 1946; set up a group to study the structure and growth of the connective tissue protein collagen, 1951; Edinburgh University, 1970; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1946; knighted in 1962; Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1972; died 16 June 1984 at Edinburgh.
Publications: The Diffraction of X-Rays and Electrons by Amorphous Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Chapman & Hall, London, 1934); editor of Progress in biophysics and biophysical chemistry (molecular biology) with J A V Butler, (Butterworth-Springer, London, 1950); editor of Nature and Structure of Collagen. Papers presented for a discussion convened by the Colloid and Biophysics Committee of the Faraday Society at King's College, London, on 26 and 27 March, 1953 (Butterworths Scientific Publications, London, 1953).
Student of King's College London, 1926-1932 (BA, MA and PhD in English); Lecturer, University College Exeter, 1953.
Publications: Battle of Nieuport, 1600. Two news pamphlets and a ballad. edited by Collins (Oxford University Press, London, 1935, Shakespeare Association Facsimiles. no. 9); A Handlist of News Pamphlets, 1590-1610 (Walthamstow South-West Essex Technical College and School of Art, London, 1943).
Born Middleton, Nova Scotia, 1882; educated Middleton High School; BSc, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, 1899-1903; McGill University, 1903-1904; Vice-Principal of Middleton High School, 1904; Demonstrator in Botany, McGill University, 1905; research at Woods Hole, Massachusetts 1906-1908; Senior Fellow and graduated PhD, University of Chicago, 1908; first major visit to Europe (France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Holland and England), 1910; moved to England, 1911; research in laboratory of Farmer, Imperial College of Science, 1911; awarded Mendel Medal, 1911; Married Dr Marie Charlotte Carmichael Stopes, 1911 (annulled 1916); Lecturer in Biology, St Thomas's Hospital, London, 1912-1914; Huxley Medal and Prize, Imperial College, University of London, 1913; Lecturer in Cytology, Bedford College, London, 1912, 1914 and on Heredity in Relation to Cytology, Oxford University, 1914; moved to USA, 1914; Associate Professor in Zoology, University of California, [1915]; worked at the New York botanical garden [1915-1916]; returned to England and enlisted in the Artists' Rifles, 1916; Instructor in aerial gunnery, Royal Flying Corps (Corporal), 1917-1918; Reader in Botany, University of London King's College, 1919-1921; Professor of Botany, University of London King's College, 1921-1942; Society of Experimental Biology, Secretary, 1923-1928; Amazon expedition, 1925; expedition to Kola Peninsula tundra and inspecting Russian plant breeding stations, 1926-1927; Canadian Arctic expedition (the Mackenzie River) recording blood group frequencies amongst the Inuit and indigenous Canadian population, 1928, South African expedition, making photographic records of South African peoples 1929; married Jane Williams, 1929 (dissolved); Consultative Council, Eugenics Society; Royal Anthropological Institute, Council, 1927-1933, 1935-1937; Council, Linnean Society, 1928-1932, Fellow of the Royal Society, 1931; Vice-President, 1931-1932; Council Royal Microscopical Society, Secretary, 1928-1930, President, 1930-1932, Honorary Fellow, 1951; delegate from British and American Associations to Indian Science Congress, Calcutta (Kolkata), 1937 also travelled in India during this time collecting botanic material and photographing jungle tribes; De Lamar Lectures at Johns Hopkins University on Human Heredity and Society, 1932; Lecture tour in American Universities, 1940-1942; Emeritus Professor, King's College London, 1943; Fellow of King's College; Lowell Lectures on Human Heredity, 1944; Research Fellow in Biology, Harvard University, 1946-1950; Honorary President of 7th International Botanical Congress, Stockholm, 1950 and of 8th Botanical Congress, Paris, 1954, while in Sweden visited Lapland to study Arctic vegetation and the Lapps; expedition to Cuban to study mixed race families, 1952; visit to North Africa, 1953; expedition to Mexico to study mixed race people, 1953; expedition to Eastern Canada to study indigenous Canadians, 1953; expedition to Japan to study Ainu people, racial genetics of the Japanese, and mixed race Japanese children, 1954; anthropological studies in South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, 1955; married Laura Greer, 1955; studies in Australia, especially of mixed race indigenous Australians, 1958, studies in New Guinea, New Zealand, 1958; studies in India, including the Kurumbas and the Kanikars in South India and the Asurs, Bihors and Muria Gonds in North India, 1959; Far East, 1960; Anthropological Studies in Iran, 1961; Guest of Indian Statistical Institute, 1961-1962; died 1962.
Publications (selection only):
The mutation factor in evolution, with particular reference to Oenothera (Macmillan & Co, New York, 1915)
Heredity and eugenics (Constable & Co, London, 1923)
A botanist in the Amazon valley (Witherby, London, 1927)
Heredity and man (Constable & Co, London, 1929)
Human genetics 2 vols(Macmillan & Co, London and New York, 1946)
Human ancestry (Harvard University Press, 1948)
Pedigrees of Negro families (Blakiston & Co, Philadelphia and Toronto, 1949)
Genetic linkage in man (W Junk, The Hague, 1955)
Taxonomy and genetics of oenothera : forty years study in the cytology and evolution of the Onagraceae (W Junk, The Hague, 1958).
Born at Hesley Hall, near Doncaster, Yorkshire, 1857; educated at Shrewsbury School and Wren's; obtained a place in the Civil Service and entered the Public Record Office as a junior clerk, 1879; promoted to senior clerk, 1892; promoted to assistant keeper, 1912; acted as resident officer from 1891; as inspecting officer of records from 1905; retired in 1921; his official duties were in modern departmental records, but he increasingly spent his leisure in research on medieval history; literary director of the Royal Historical Society, 1891-1938; honorary secretary, 1894-1903; vice-president, 1923-1927; promoted its succession to the work of the defunct Camden Society, 1897; active in the Selden Society from 1894, and vice-president, 1939-1942; closely associated with Sidney and Beatrice Webb in their history of English local government (1906-1929) and in the foundation of the London School of Economics and Political Science, 1895; The Red Book of the Exchequer (1896), of which Hall succeeded W D Selby as editor, was criticized in J H Round's Studies on the Red Book of the Exchequer; Reader in Palaeography and Economic History, University of London, 1896-1926; taught palaeography, diplomatic and economic history at the London School of Economics, 1896-1919; and at King's College London, 1919-1926; trained many contributors to the Victoria County History; secretary of the Royal Commission on public records, 1910-1918; the chief author of the appendixes to its three reports, 1912-1919; honorary LittD, Cambridge University, 1920; Vice-President of the Historical Association, 1925-1929; Special Lecturer, London School of Economics, 1926-1930; Special Examiner, University of London, and member of the Palæography Sub-Committee, Institute of Historical Research, 1930-1938; supervised the arrangement of British family manuscripts in the Huntington Library, USA, 1931-1932; Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries; died in Rochester, 1944. Publications: Introduction to the Study of the Pipe Rolls (Pipe Roll Society, 1884); A History of the Custom-Revenue in England (1885); Society in the Elizabethan Age (1886); Court Life under the Plantagenets (1890); The Antiquities and Curiosities of the Exchequer (1891); succeeded W D Selby as editor of the 'Rolls Series' edition of The Red Book of the Exchequer (3 volumes, 1896); The Receipt Roll of the Exchequer for Michaelmas Term xxxi Henry II, AD 1185 (1899); The English Historical Review and the Red Book of the Exchequer [1899]; The Pipe Roll of the Bishopric of Winchester 1208-1209 (1903); The Commonwealth Charter of the City of Salisbury 1656 (1907); Studies in English Official Historical Documents (1908); Formula book of English official historical documents (1908-1909); Select Bibliography for the Study, Sources and Literature of English Mediaeval Economic History (1914); A Repertory of British Archives (1920); British Archives and the Sources for the History of the World War (1925); List and Index of the Publications of the Royal Historical Society, 1871-1924, and of the Camden Society, 1840-1897 (1925); contributions to historical and antiquarian journals.
Born in Newhall, Derbyshire, 1919; educated at the Girls' High School, Burton-on-Trent, 1930-1938; read Zoology at Bedford College, London, 1938-1941; research student at Bedford College, 1941-1942, working on the histology of the vascular system of annelids; and worked at the Strangeways laboratory, Cambridge, 1941-1944; demonstrator in Zoology at Bedford College, 1944-1948; joined the Biophysical Research Unit at King's College London established by John Randall, 1948; researched the structural basis of muscular contraction, and moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology biology department under Professor Francis O Schmitt as a Rockefeller Foundation Research Fellow, 1953; collaborated with Hugh Esmor Huxley and formulated and tested the sliding filament hypothesis of muscular contraction; returned to the Biophysics Research Unit, 1954; continued research on sliding filament mechanism of muscular contraction, particularly in non striated muscles of invertebrates, the morphology of smooth muscle in invertebrates, the molecular structure of actin and bacterial flagella; Professor of Biology, University of London, 1966; elected fellow of the Royal Society, 1967; director of Muscle Biophysics Unit at King's College London, 1970; died 1973.
Born 1869; educated Merchant Taylors' School, London; St John's College, Oxford; Pusey and Ellerton Hebrew Scholar, 1889; Casberd Scholar of St John's College, 1891; first class Theology, School, 1892; Junior Kennicott Scholar, 1893; first class Semitic Languages, 1894; Houghton Syriac Prize, 1895; ordained, 1896; Hebrew Master at Merchant Taylors' School, 1897-1904; Vicar of Linton Ross, 1904-1909; Rector of Sutton, Sandy, Bedfordshire, 1909-1930; Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis, King's College London, 1918-1926; Davidson Professor of Old Testament Studies in the University of London, 1926-1930; died 1942. Publications: include: The Religion and Worship of the Synagogue (with William Oscar Emil Oesterley), (Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, London, 1907); The Book of Isaiah (Sir I Pitman and Sons, London, 1908); A Short Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament (Rivingtons, London, 1909); The Ezra-Apocalypse (Sir I Pitman and Sons, London, 1912); Sirach (jointly) and II. Esdras, in Charles' Apocrypha and Pseudepigraphia 2 vols, (London, 1913); The Virgin Birth of Jesus (Sir I Pitman and Sons, 1916); Translations of Early Documents: a series of texts important for the study of Christian Origins, by various authors, Joint editor (with William Oscar Emil Oesterley), (SPCK, London, 1916-1937); The Apocalypse of Ezra (SPCK, London, 1917); The Apocalypse of Abraham (SPCK, London, 1918); A Short Survey of the Literature of Rabbinical and Mediaeval Judaism (with William Oscar Emil Oesterley), (SPCK, London, 1920); St Matthew, Editor, (Century Bible, 1922); The Clarendon Bible, General Editor (with the Bishops of Newcastle and Ripon), (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1922-1947); The Testament of Abraham (SPCK, London, 1927); Judaism in the Greek Period from the rise of Alexander the Great to the intervention of Rome, 333 to 63 BC (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1932); Some Notes on the Apocalyptic Teaching of Jesus (SPCK, London, 1933).
Born 1906; student, Faculty of Theology, King's College London, 1929-1933; elected AKC, 1932; ordained deacon, 1932; ordained priest, St Paul's Cathedral, 4 Oct 1933; Curate, St Giles-in-the-Fields, 1932-1935; Curate, St Matthew, Ashford, Middlesex, 1935-1938; Vicar, St Matthew, Yiewsley, Middlesex, 1938-1973; Rural Dean of Uxbridge, Middlesex, 1957-1967; Prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral, 1960-1973; Prebendary Emeritus, 1973-1983; died 1983.
Born in Swansea, 1909; educated at Swansea Grammar School and at the University of Wales, Swansea, 1927-1932; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1932-1935, where he contributed to pioneering work on the science of spectroscopy, and the absorption spectra of polyatomic molecules in the vacuum ultraviolet; attached to Physical Chemistry Laboratory, molecular structure group, at the University of Cambridge, 1935-1943, where his team worked to measure ionisation potentials of molecules and produced high resolution spectra. Employed at Cambridge and the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, from 1939, and Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), Billingham, 1943-1946, on applying spectroscopy to the war effort, in particular by determining the composition of alloys used in enemy aircraft and developing industrial uses for spectroscopy. Price was a Research Associate at the University of Chicago, 1946-1947, before being appointed to King's College London in 1948, where he was at first attached to the Medical Research Council Biophysics Unit and studied the structure of biological fibres including collagen and hydrogen bonding within DNA base pairs, in collaboration with Rosalind Franklin, and was active at this time in designing important new infrared spectroscopic apparatus. Price was appointed Reader of Physics at King's in 1949, was elected to the Royal Society in 1959, appointed Wheatstone Professor of Physics at King's College in 1962 and made Head of Department. During the 1960s, he played a leading role in developing the new science of photoelectron spectroscopy to examine the energies of molecular orbitals, and studying, in particular, the spectra of benzene, before retiring in 1976. He died in 1993.
Born in Swansea, 1909; educated at Swansea Grammar School and at the University of Wales, Swansea, 1927-1932; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1932-1935, where he contributed to pioneering work on the science of spectroscopy, and the absorption spectra of polyatomic molecules in the vacuum ultraviolet; attached to Physical Chemistry Laboratory, molecular structure group, at the University of Cambridge, 1935-1943, where his team worked to measure ionisation potentials of molecules and produced high resolution spectra. Employed at Cambridge and the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, from 1939, and Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), Billingham, 1943-1946, on applying spectroscopy to the war effort, in particular by determining the composition of alloys used in enemy aircraft and developing industrial uses for spectroscopy. Price was a Research Associate at the University of Chicago, 1946-1947, before being appointed to King's College London in 1948, where he was at first attached to the Medical Research Council Biophysics Unit and studied the structure of biological fibres including collagen and hydrogen bonding within DNA base pairs, in collaboration with Rosalind Franklin, and was active at this time in designing important new infrared spectroscopic apparatus. Price was appointed Reader of Physics at King's in 1949, was elected to the Royal Society in 1959, appointed Wheatstone Professor of Physics at King's College in 1962 and made Head of Department. During the 1960s, he played a leading role in developing the new science of photoelectron spectroscopy to examine the energies of molecular orbitals, and studying, in particular, the spectra of benzene, before retiring in 1976. He died in 1993.
Date of birth unknown; educated privately in Brussels and elsewhere prior to 1935, nurse tending to tuberculosis patients in the Royal Sea Bathing Hospital, Margate, 1935-1937; Radcliffe Infirmary Preliminary Training School, Headington, Oxford, 1937-1939; Civil Nursing Reserve during World War Two, 1939-1945; worked as a nurse in Cornwall following the War; Diploma in Social Studies and BSc in Sociology, University of London, completed 1955; worked on studies into deprivation and disability for Cornwall County Council leading to wider changes in family welfare provision, 1955-1965; involved in hospital management in Cornwall and the South Western Regional Health Board, including as Chairman in the Cornish health authorities, 1965-1977; Kensington, Chelsea and Westminster Family Practitioner Committee member, 1979-1985; Paddington and North Kensington District Health Authority, 1981-1986; Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham Family Practitioner Committee, 1987-1990; Chairman, Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham Family Health Services Authority, 1993-1996; member of Medical Research Council (MRC), 1980-1987; consultancy work, 1988-2002.
Education, BSc sandwich course in Sociology and Social Administration, University of Southampton, 1972-1977; nursing training at St Thomas's Hospital, 1973-1975; MSc at South Bank Polytechnic, 1978-1980; PhD Nursing Studies, University of London, 1995; work at Department of Nursing Studies, Chelsea College, 1980-1985; King's College London, 1985-2002; Senior Lecturer, 1989; Professor of Community Nursing, 1992; specialist expertise in chronic disease care for people living at home. Publications: Health visiting and health experience of infants in three areas (London, 1985); edited Research in preventive community nursing care. Fifteen studies in health visiting (Chichester, 1986); Caring for children. Towards partnership with families (London, 1991); edited Health in the inner-city (London, 1991); Alison While, Julia Roberts and Joanne Fitzpatrick, A comparative study of outcomes of pre-registration nurse education programmes (London, 1995); Alison While, Christina Citrone and Jocelyn Cornish, Bereaved parents' views of caring for a child with a life-limiting incurable disorder (London, 1996). See also numerous articles and reports on the subject of nursing and palliative care.
John Edmund Bowen was born in 1885 in Galway, Ireland, the son of Bartholomew Bowen, and educated at Queen's School, Galway. He entered Trinity College Cambridge in 1911 and attended lectures delivered by Joseph John Thomson, Cavendish Professor of Physics at Cambridge. Bowen was a lecturer in Physics at King's College London from 1919-1921, before taking up a post in China.
Born, 1926; educated, Cardiff High School, 1938-1944; Jesus College Oxford, 1944-1949; Professor of New Testament Studies in the Presbyterian Theological College, Aberystwyth, 1953-1961; Lecturer in the New Testament, University College of North Wales, Bangor, 1953-1961; Lecturer in History and Philosophy of Religion, King's College London, 1961-1963; Reader in the Philosophy of Religion at King's, 1963-1970; Professor of Christian Doctrine at King's, 1970-1981. Publications: Revelation and existence. A study in the theology of Rudolf Bultmann (Cardiff, 1957); The moral argument for Christian theism (London, 1965); A Christian knowledge of God (London, 1969); Concepts of deity (London, 1971); W R Matthews: philosopher and theologian (London, 1976); Christian theism. A study in its basic principles (Edinburgh, 1984).
Born, 1909; educated at King Edward VI School, Birmingham, Exeter College Oxford and Queen's College Cambridge, BA 1932, BD 1940, DD 1957; Deacon, 1935; Priest, 1936; Assistant Curate of Holy Trinity, Formby, 1935-1937; Sub-Warden, St Deiniol's Library, Hawarden, 1937-1938; Rector of Ingestre-with-Tixall, 1938-1943; Chaplain of Alleyn's College of God's Gift, Dulwich, 1943-1944; Rector of Bredfield and Director of Religious Education, Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich, 1945-1947; Senior Lecturer in Ecclesiastical History at the University of Manchester, 1946-1958; Professor of Ecclesiastical History, King's College London, 1958-1976; Emeritus, 1976-1990; founded and edited the Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 1950-1978; died, 1990.
Following the King's College (Transfer) Act of 1908, and the legal separation of King's into the secular University of London, King's College, and the Theological King's College London in 1909-1910, the original governing Council of King's College London was replaced by a Delegacy. To it reported a number of sub-committees including the important General/Professorial/Academic Board, and the Finance Committee. The Delegacy also authorised a variety of ad hoc committees required to arrange specific events, oversee appointments and lectureships, and organise the academic activity of specific departments or faculties. The reunification of King's in 1980 brought the committees back under the ultimate control of Council.
Junior Year Abroad refers to the programme for undergraduate exchange students, mainly from Beaver College, Pennsylvania State University, USA, who study for a year at King's. The majority of students study English or Music.
Between 1831 and 1988 the College Secretary rose from Secretary to the Principal and Council to senior administrative officer of the College. Throughout the period the College Secretary had responsibility for servicing the Council, its main standing and special subcommittees, and the Academic Board. In the 1960s, the post of Academic Registrar was reorganised to reflect the coordinated responsibility for student admission and examinations with the Department. Between 1828-1919 King's College enjoyed the services of just four College Secretaries, two of whom served for remarkably long periods, H W Smith, 1829-1848 and J W Cunningham, 1848-1894. The out-letter books form one complete run of copies of letters sent by or on behalf of the Principal and College Secretary for the period 1834-1917. Initially in the form of manuscript copies, by the late nineteenth century experiments (not always entirely successful in terms of legibility) were made with a variety of wet letter processes.
The General Board was a committee of representatives of the teaching staff that was officially recognised by the Council in 1870. The General Board was chaired by the Principal and comprised the most senior representatives of each department or faculty board, who were styled Deans. The purpose of the General Board was to guide educational policy and provision in areas such as syllabuses and examinations, and was answerable to the College Council. In 1910, the General Board was renamed the Professorial Board of the University of London, King's College. This followed the King's College London (Transfer) Act of 1908 that had incorporated King's in the University of London, separated and made independent of the College, the Hospital and School, and legally divided the remaining departments into two institutions: a secular University of London, King's College, and the Theological Faculty, heir to the title of King's College London. During this period of division until 1980, both institutions retained separate Professorial Boards. The reunification of the two halves of King's in 1980 witnessed the restructuring of these Professorial Boards as a single Academic Board, constituting the main academic committee of the College.
Between 1831 and 1988 the College Secretary rose from Secretary to the Principal and Council to senior administrative officer of the College. Throughout the period the College Secretary had responsibility for servicing the Council, its main standing and special subcommittees, and the Academic Board. In the 1960s, the post of Academic Registrar was reorganised to reflect the coordinated responsibility for student admission and examinations with the Department. From 1828-1909 the Council was the College's governing and executive body, exercising the powers of the College as provided in the Charter or Statutes. The King's College London (Transfer) Act 1908 incorporated the college into the University of London, and the Delegacy became the governing body of King's College. The Council thereafter governed the Theological Department only, which was separately administered from the rest of the College. The Delegacy was a committee of the Senate of the University of London, which had to ratify all major decisions. By the Royal Charter of 1980, King's College London was reconstituted, merging the Theological Department with the Faculty of Theology and the Council again became the governing body for the whole College. Between 1909-1980 the Court, as the financial board of the University of London, controlled the finances of the College through the custody, control and disposition of all property, funds and investments. The Academic Board advises the Council on all academic matters. The Professorial Board became known as the Academic Board in 1980.
Adam International Review was a literary magazine published in English and French, its title an acronym for Arts, Drama, Architecture and Music. The original periodical Adam, founded in 1929 in Bucharest, was by 1938 edited by Miron Grindea (born in Romania, 1909, d 1995). Educated at Bucharest University and the Sorbonne, he worked in Romania and Paris as a music and literary critic during the 1930s, and he and his wife Carola, a pianist, were members of Romania's artistic avant-garde. They settled in London in 1939, and in 1941 the first London issue (no 152), known as Adam International Review, appeared, including contributions from H G Wells, G B Shaw, Thomas Mann and Cecil Day-Lewis. However, wartime paper rationing caused the cessation of publication. The review reappeared in 1946. It provided a vehicle for expression for many literati exiled from Nazi Europe. A number of contributors were Jews in exile. It covered literature, art and music, publishing English and French writers and translations of work by other European authors. Some issues dealt with a single subject and usually contained new material. Many contributions were secured without payment to the authors. Adam was subsidised at different times by various bodies, including the Arts Council. Numbers 455-467 (1985) were published in collaboration with King's College London. From 1985 an annual Adam lecture was held at King's College to mark its acquisition of the Adam archive. The magazine celebrated 500 issues in 1989. Grindea was awarded Prix de l'Academie Francaise, 1955, Lundquist Literary Prize, Sweden, 1965, Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur, 1974, the MBE in 1977, the OBE in 1986, and an Honorary DLitt degree from Kent, 1983, and was Commander, Order of Arts and Letters, France, 1985. In 1990 BBC2's Bookmark devoted a special programme to him. Grindea's own publications include Malta Calling (1943); Henry Wood, a symposium (1944); Jerusalem, a literary chronicle of 3000 years (1968), 2nd edition Jerusalem, the Holy City in literature, preface by Graham Greene (1982); Natalie Clifford Barney (1963); The London Library, a symposium (1978); and contributions to many periodicals and newspapers.
Queen Elizabeth College had its origins in the Ladies' (later Women's) Department of King's College London, opened in Kensington in 1885, later King's College for Women. Home Science and Economics classes started in 1908. In 1915 the Household and Social Science Department of King's College for Women opened at Campden Hill, Kensington, while other departments were amalgamated with King's College on the Strand site. In 1928 the department became completely independent as King's College of Household and Social Science and the title King's College for Women was extinguished. The buildings were completed in 1930. The College had a pioneering role in establishing nutritional science as a subject of academic scholarship and John Yudkin was a Professor from 1945 to 1971. A Royal Charter was granted in 1953, the name changed to Queen Elizabeth College, men were admitted, and the existing degree was replaced with BSc (Nutrition) and BSc (Household Science). Recognition as a School of the University of London in the Faculty of Science was granted in 1956. The BSc (General) began in 1957. Following financial difficulties the amalgamation of the College with King's College London and Chelsea College was completed in 1985.
Biochemistry formed part of the Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry and Histology in the Faculty of Medicine from 1925. This changed its name to the Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology in 1937. Biochemistry became a discreet department in 1958 and was incorporated into the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences in King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry in 1983, the Faculty of Science in 1985, the Faculty of Life Sciences, 1986, and the School of Life, Basic Medical and Health Sciences in 1989. It now forms part of the Division of Life Sciences within the School of Health and Life Sciences.
The Modern Greek Department was established in 1919, when the Koraes Chair was inaugurated following a subscription campaign and a grant from the Greek Government, and named in honour of Adamantios Koraes (1748-1833), the scholar and advocate of Greek national independence. The Department became known as the Department of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies in 1972, and since 1989 has been part of the School of Humanities.
The Biomedical Sciences Division formed part of the Faculty of Life Sciences, which later became the School of Life, Basic Medical and Health Sciences. It is now known as the GKT (Guy's, King's and St Thomas') School of Biomedical Sciences, formed in 1998 from the Biomedical Sciences and the Basic Medical Sciences Divisions at UMDS (United Medical and Dental Schools).
Chemistry was first taught by Professor John Frederick Daniell in the Senior Department and the Medical Department of King's from the opening of the College in 1831. The first Chemical Laboratory was founded a few years later in 1834. Daniell remained at King's until 1845 and in 1846 the Daniell Scholarship was founded in his honour. The subject has always encompassed many departments. When the Senior Department was split into two separate sections; Civil Engineering and Mining in 1838 and General Literature and Science in 1840, Chemistry was taught under both. These sections became the Department of General Literature and Science and the Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 1847-1848. Chemistry was also taught in Evening Classes, which were begun in 1848. In 1888 the Department of Science was formed from General Literature and Science. This became the Faculty of Science in 1893. That same year the Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences was created as part of the Faculty of Science. A separate Faculty of Engineering was later formed in 1902-1903. In 1905 the Faculty of Science was split into the Natural Science and Medical Science Divisions with Chemistry taught under both divisions. These divisions became the Faculties of Medical Science and Natural Science in 1921 and 1923 respectively. From 1961 the Chemistry Department came solely under the under the Faculty of Natural Science, although the subject continued to make up components of other courses. In 1985 after the merger of King's with Queen Elizabeth and Chelsea Colleges, the department became part of the Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, currently the School of Physical Sciences and Engineering.
Courses in English Literature and History were provided in the Senior Department at King's College from 1831 and shortly afterwards became part of the Department of General Literature and Science. English and History were separated in 1855, when classes in English Language and Literature became available. A Department of English was formed in 1922/23, remaining part of the Faculty of Arts until the School of Humanities was created in 1989.