Sara Keith was born in August 1923 and did her first degree at the University of Colorado. She subsequently studied at the universities of Denver and Edinburgh. Sara Keith began her career as a librarian but changed career to become an academic in North America. She studied at the University of London on a Fulbright scholarship in 1953-4 and gained her doctorate from Royal Holloway College, University of London in 1962. Sara Keith, who was an authority on Mudie's Library, died in Canada in November 1991.
Ivy Keess was a woman medical missionary practising in India. She gained her first degree in medicine at Grant Medical College, Bombay, in 1909, and then went to the London Medical School for Women, qualifying MRCS, LRCP, in 1916. She subsequently returned to India and served at the Lady Sandeman Zenana Hospital, Quetta, Baluchistan (now in Pakistan), and at the Dufferin Hospitals in Cawnpore and Allahabad. She seems to have spent most if not all of her career in the north of India. According to the Ecclesiastical Returns in the India Office Records, an Ivy Keess said to be born on 27th November 1885 was baptised in St Thomas's Cathedral, Bombay. As her initial medical education took place at Grant Medical College in that city, it seems likely that it is the same person. Her name disappears from the Medical Directory and the Medical Register in 1953, but no obituary notices have been traced.
Mary Frances Lucas was born in 1885, the daughter of G J Lucas. She was educated at Eversley, Folkestone and the London (Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine for Women, graduating MB, BS 1911 and DSc 1938. She was appointed Lecturer in Embryology and Senior Demonstrator in Anatomy at the School in 1914; and became Reader and Head of Department in 1919. She was Professor of Anatomy from 1924-1951; Vice-Dean 1926-1929; Acting Dean 1939-1943; and President from 1957 until her death. She was appointed Emeritus Professor of the University of London, 1951; President of the Medical Women's Federation, 1946-1948 and President of the Anatomical Society, 1949-1951. She married Richard Keene, in 1916 and adopted the surname Lucas Keene in 1917. She died in 1977.
Publications: Practical Anatomy, (1932) Anatomy for Dental Students, (1934);
US brain surgeon, born 1837 in Philadelphia; educated at Brown University, graduated 1859, and Jefferson Medical College, 1862; served in American Civil War as a surgeon; additional education in Paris and Berlin; founded Philadelphia School of Medicine; developed new techniques of brain surgery; died 1932. Publications include: Keen's System of Surgery (1905-1913), Animal Experimentation and Medical Progress (1914).
Born near Southend, Essex, 1890; educated at Southend High School, 1902-1908; read physics and mathematics at University College London, 1908-1911; remained at University College London for a year's postgraduate research, 1911-1912; joined the staff of the Rothamsted Experimental Station, Hertfordshire, to study the possibilities of applying physics to agriculture, with particular reference to soil, 1913; served in World War One in the Suffolk Regiment, Gallipoli and Palestine, 1914-1917; Research Department, Woolwich Arsenal, 1918; returned to Rothamsted to set up a soil physics laboratory, 1919; re-entered University College London, 1920-1921; became Assistant Director of Soil Physics Department at Rothamsted, 1924; later Head of Soil Physics Department; Editor of the Journal of Agricultural Science, 1924-1965; broadcast talks to schools on science of agriculture and gardening, 1928-1941; remained at Rothamsted until 1947; frequent secondments overseas included the Directorship of the Imperial Institute of Agricultural Research, Pusa, Bihar, India, 1929-1931; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1935; President of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1938-1939; Vice-President, Institute of Physics, 1941-1943; Cantor Lecturer, Royal Society of Arts, 1942; Scientific Adviser, Middle East Supply Centre, Cairo, 1943-1945; adviser on rural development, Palestine, 1946; Chairman of UK Government Mission to West Africa on production of vegetable oils and oil seeds, 1946; adviser to East African governments on agricultural policy and research needs, 1947; Director of the East African Agriculture and Forestry Research Organisation, 1947-1954; member of the Scientific Council for Africa, 1950-1954; Chairman of Governors, East African Tea Research Institute, 1951-1954; knighted, 1952; Scientific Adviser, Baird and Tatlock (London) Ltd, 1955-1963; member of Scientific Panel, Colonial Development Corporation, 1955-1963; member of Forest Products Research Board, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1957-1959; travelled extensively in the USA, South Africa, India, East and West Africa, the Middle East, Bulgaria and Australia, to examine and report on the scientific, technical, and administrative problems in agriculture; Doctor of Science; Fellow of University College London; died, 1981. See also Sir Charles Pereira's memoir in Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, vol xxviii (1982). Publications: The Physical Properties of the Soil (Longmans & Co, London, 1931); The Agricultural Development of the Middle East ... A report ... May, 1945 (HM Stationery Office, London, 1946); various papers in scientific and agricultural journals.
Born 1869; educated at City of London School; trained as an accountant, qualifying in 1892; gained law degree, 1897; called to Bar, Middle temple, 1897; practiced as barrister at the Parliamentary Bar, [1897]-1954; one of the founders of the League of Nations Society, 1915; Member of Executive, League of Nations Society, 1915-1918; Member of Executive, League of Nations Union, 1918-1928; retired, 1954; died 1957. Publications: A better League of Nations (Allen and Unwin, London, 1934); A guide to the Liabilities War Time Adjustment Act (Stevens and Sons, London, 1941); A League of Nations with large powers (Allen and Unwin, London, 1918); Crossing the Rubicon, or the passage from the rule of force to the rule of law among nations (Cornish Bros., Birmingham, 1939); Hammering out details (Fifield, London, 1917); compiler of Local legislation, 1909-1911 (Walter Southwood and Co, London, 1912-14); Markets, fairs and slaughter-houses (King and Son, Westminster, 1904); Parliamentary companies (Gee and Co, London, 1906); Real security against war (Williams and Norgate, London, 1929); The abolition of war (David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies: London, 1956); The law relating to public service undertakings (King and Son, London, 1925); The permanent court of international justice (League of Nations Union, 1922); The world in alliance: a plan for preventing future wars (Southwood and Co, London, 1915); Towards international justice (Allen and Unwin, London, 1923); Tramway companies and local authorities (Merritt and Hatchers, London, 1902); Urban police and sanitary legislation (King and Son, Westminster, 1905); A guide to the Public Works Facilities Act, 1930 (Stevens and Sons, London, 1931); Bankruptcy (Gee and Co, London, 1891).
Keen was a dealer in rare books and manuscripts.
Keeling was a member of staff of the Philosophy Department at University College London from 1927 to 1954.
Charles Ferdinand Keele studied medicine at St Thomas's Hospital, becoming a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and a Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries in 1860. Keele's career history included Surgeon to the Royal West India Mail SP Service, House Surgeon and Secretary to the Royal Portsmouth, Portsea and Gosport Hospital, Surgeon to the Jewish Society, and Surgeon to Magdalen Hospital. He is last entered in the Medical Directories in 1929.
Keats entered the Navy in 1770 and was promoted to lieutenant in 1777. He was made a captain in 1789. After service in the SOUTHAMPTON and NIGER, he was appointed in 1794 to the GALATEA and during his service in her was put ashore by the mutineers of 1797. He was appointed to the SUPERB in 1801 under Sir James, later Lord, Saumarez (1757-1836). After the resumption of hostilities with France, he served in the Mediterranean under Nelson, and took part in the chase to the West Indies; the SUPERB, however, was refitting when Trafalgar was fought. Until 1807 Keats took part in the blockade of Brest, being promoted to rear-admiral also in that year. He was with Saumarez again during the blockade of the Baltic. In 1811 Keats became a vice-admiral and while again in the Mediterranean in 1812, was forced to resign his command through ill-health. He was appointed Governor and Commander-in-Chief, Newfoundland, in 1813, returning to England at the peace in 1815. In 1821 he was appointed Governor of Greenwich Hospital and given the rank of admiral in 1825.
Thomas Keate was born in 1745. He studied as a pupil at St George's Hospital, London, and then became an assistant to John Gunning, surgeon to the Hospital. In 1792, the position of surgeon became available to succeed Charles Hawkins, which was sharply contested by Keate and Everard Home. Keate was elected as surgeon. In 1793 he succeeded John Hunter as surgeon-general to the Army, he was an examiner at the Royal College of Surgeons from 1800, and Master of the College in 1802, 1809, and 1818. As a surgeon he was the first to tie the subclavian artery for aneurysm. However, his reputation at St George's Hospital for not being punctual and being negligent in his duties, caused him to resign his post in 1813. Keate was surgeon to the Prince of Wales (later George IV), and also surgeon to the Chelsea Hospital, where he died in 1821. Keate published Cases of Hydrocele and Hernia (London, 1788), and several controversial papers such as Observations on the Fifth Report of the Commissioners of Medical Enquiry (London, 1808).
Robert Keate was born in Laverton, Somerset, in 1777. He was apprenticed to his uncle, Thomas Keate (1745-1821), a surgeon. Robert Keate entered St George's Hospital, London, in 1793. He became hospital mate at Chelsea Hospital in 1794. He became a member of the Company of Surgeons in 1798, and was appointed Staff Surgeon to the Army. He retired from the army in 1810 with the rank of Inspector-General of Hospitals. He was on the surgical staff of St George's Hospital, London, from 1800-1853. He was finally removed by the Governors. He was a member of the Court of Assistants, from 1822-1857, and the Court of Examiners, from 1827-1855. He was President of the College in 1831 and 1839. He held royal appointments to George III, George IV, William IV, and in 1841 to Queen Victoria. He supported the institution of a "higher grade" of surgeon which eventually became the Fellowship. He died in 1857.
Thomas Stone was the son of a beadle, and was appointed to assist in the Library in 1832. After Robert Willis retired in 1845, Stone took over all of the work in the Library. Dr John Chatto was appointed Librarian in 1853, and Stone was transferred to the College office as a clerk where he worked until 1871. His son, William Domett Stone (1840-1921), became a Fellow of the College in 1865.
An abstract of title shows how title (proof of ownership) to the land passed to the current owner; such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months.
John Keane studied at the universities of Adelaide, Toronto and Cambridge. He is currently Professor of Politics at the University of Westminster and at the Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), where his main research focus is the theory and history of democracy. In 1989 he founded the Centre for the Study of Democracy at the University of Westminster. In 1999 Professor Keane wrote an authorised biography of Václav Havel. He also currently researches fear and politics; nationality, citizenship and civil society; secularism; and the future of representative government.
Publications include:
Tom Paine: a political life (1995)
Reflections on Violence (London: Verso, 1996)
Václav Havel: A Political Tragedy in Six Acts (London: Bloomsbury, 1999)
Violence and Democracy (Cambridge University Press, 2004)
Global Civil Society? (Cambridge University Press, 2003)
Life and Death of Democracy (London: Simon and Schuster, 2009)
Source: Professor Keane's homepage and his webpages at the University of Westminster Department of Politics and International Relations and the Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB)
During the 1970s she had been a member of the International Marxist Group and active in the NUT in Westminster and London wide and nationally and the Socialist Teachers Alliance. At that time she was squatting in Stepney and, inter alia, involved in anti-racist campaigns in Tower Hamlets. She stood as a Socialist Unity candidate in a local council by-election in Spitalfields in 1977. In 1978 together with Dave Lawrence, a teacher at the Robert Montefiore school, she stood in Tower Hamlets for the GLC. By the 1980s Hilda had moved to Hackney and joined the Labour Party. She was a member of West Down ward in Hackney South constituency. She was asked to stand for the council and was elected to the New River Ward in North Hackney (comparing the Woodberry Down estate and also a mainly orthodox Jewish area in surrounding streets) together with David Clark and former Labour MP Maureen Colquhoun. At that time, the Labour Party was moving to the left and in London had been encouraged in this direction by the election of the GLC with the new leader of Ken Livingstone in 1981. There was a mood generally around campaigning against unemployment and for campaigns within the Labour party to encourage democracy, including making elected representatives such as MPs and councillors accountable. In 1982 the new council in Hackney was led by Anthony Kendall who was in favour of decentralisation of services – an idea drawn from community politics and also based on such a venture in Walsall. However this strategy was not implemented: inter alia there were difficulties with the unions and tenants associations.
In 1983 the council was involved in a dispute with NALGO Social workers since the leadership of the council opposed implementing a national agreement on pay. Accordingly within the Labour Party there was a move to stand a candidate against Anthony Kendall for leader. Significantly the leader, deputy, and chairs of committees were not voted for simply by the Labour group but the 2 General Committees or the LP and the Local Government Committee since the Party generally in Hackney was trying to implement democracy. The left slate was eclectic including Patrick Kodikara, a black activist and former Hackney social worker and head of Social Services in Camden. Hilda was elected as leader but most of the 'left' slate were not. The deputy leader was Andrew Puddephat from the Anthony Kendall slate. The two of them, however, worked well together. During the council year 1984-1985 much of the focus was on opposition to Conservative government’s rate-capping. It was also the year of the miners’ strike and miners from South Wales were given facilities in the town hall. Nationally there were meetings of Labour leaders about how to oppose the Tories. There was much discussion around 'the three noes' no to rent rises, rate rises and cuts. The argument being that it wasn’t enough to oppose the capping as such but to get money from central government. Hackney council resolved not to set a budget until the government gave them money. This was overturned by the courts saying refusing to do this until money was given was unlawful. This was unprecedented. Until this court decision there was no set time for setting a rate. There were various council meetings and in May 1985 an alliance of a minority of the Labour group- including Charles Clarke future Home secretary – and Liberals and Tories set a rate with cuts in the budget. Hilda Kean and Andrew Puddephat, having consulted with the 2 GCs, resigned their posts. Mourad Fleming, a SDP member who stood unsuccessfully in a by-election to the council, took the council i.e. officers and councillors to court claiming wilful misconduct. Unlike the position in Liverpool and Lambeth he was not successful and eventually the case was dropped – it fell before it reached the high court mainly because Fleming had included council as well as councillors and because the rate was set only 2 months later than usual and therefore it was difficult to show that there had been a pecuniary loss. In 1985 Hilda stood unsuccessfully for the Labour seat in Hackney North held by the elderly socialist Ernie Roberts. Diane Abbott was promoted by Patrick Kodikara for various reasons. Diane Abbott was selected. In the election of 1986 Hilda Kean did not stand for the council but Andrew Puddephat did and was elected leader. She remained active in the Labour Party until the mid 1990s.
Kamarang - Ekereku - Wenamu expedition, British Guiana Geological Survey Department, 1951; Government Geologist of the Leeward and British Virgin Islands; Government Geologist of the Winward Islands; Federal Geologist, West Indian Federation; Director of the Geological Survey, British Guiana, 1961-1966.
Walter Finkler was born in 1902 in Vienna where he studied at both a music academy and at a medical institute. Although he terminated his medical training early he had already written a number of scientific papers on a variety of subjects ranging from a study of monkey glands to the sexual behaviour of flies.
He arrived in England at the end of March, 1939, where he spent approximately the first year in the Kitchener Camp for refugees. Later he was interned on the Isle of Man. He was actively involved in the Kitchener Camp orchestra. In 1946 he trained as a food scientist in Manchester where the family lived until 1954 after which the family moved south. Walter died in 1960.
Hansi Finkler was born in 1906 and married Walter in 1927. She arrived in England in early March 1939 where she had several jobs as maid or cook in various parts of the country. Evelyn, born in 1930, had come to England in 1938 where she stayed at the 'Haven' hostel in Camden Town, a home for Jewish refugee children from Europe sponsored by the Lyons family. She was reunited with her mother in the early 1940s and they lived in a bedsit in West London where they did piece work to make ends meet.
Unknown
Born in Leipzig, Germany, 1911; University of Leipzig, MD 1934; emigrated to London, 1935; Biophysical research, University College London (UCL), 1935-1939; Carnegie Residential Fellow, Sydney Hospital, Sydney, 1939-1942; served in Second World War in the Pacific with RAAF, 1942-1945; Assistant Director of Research, Biophysics Research Unit, UCL, and Henry Head Research Fellow (Royal Society), 1946-1950; Reader in Physiology, UCL, 1950-1951; Professor and Head of Biophysics Department, UCL, 1952-1978; Vice-President, Royal Society, 1965; Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine, 1970; Emeritus Honorary Research Fellow, 1978; died, 2003.
Kasintoe Rubber Estates Limited was registered in 1913 to reconstitute a firm of the same name (registered in 1910) and acquire estates in Preanger residency, Java. In 1954 it went into voluntary liquidation. Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112) acted as secretaries and agents for the company from 1913.
Kartell Conventus is the generic name for German Jewish student fraternities which were established in the 1880s as a result of increasing anti-Semitism. After the Nazi seizure of power in Germany in 1933 and the annexation of Austria in 1938 these fraternities were banned. However after the war many former members joined re-formed student fraternities in their adopted countries. These new organisations produced newsletters and held regular meetings.
Written by the grandson of the author of the commentary.
Wanda Landowska (1879-1959) was a Polish keyboard player and composer. She was a champion of 17th and 18th century music and the leading figure in the 20th century revival of the harpsichord. She first played the harpsichord in public in 1903 and subsequently made concert tours in Europe. In 1909 she published her book Musique ancienne, and in 1913 she began a harpsichord class at the Hochschule fur Musik in Berlin. After World War One, she returned to Paris, where she lectured at the Sorbonne and gave classes at the Ecole Normale. In 1925 she settled at Saint-Leu-la-Foret (north of Paris) where she founded an Ecole de Musique Ancienne which attracted students from all over the world to private and public courses; the summer concerts held in its concert hall (built 1927) were to become celebrated. There, in 1933, she gave the first integral performance of Bach's Goldberg Variations. Liz Karger (née Rosenberg) was a student of Landowska in 1929-1930 who made notes of Landowska's lessons.
Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic (1787-1864), Serbian language reformer, was born in Trsic, Serbia, then under Turkish rule. In 1813 after a brief period of independence, Serbia was reconquered by the Ottoman Empire and Karadzic was one of many refugees to flee to Vienna. It was here that he met Jernej Kopitar who became an influence on his thinking. Kopitar was a Slovene working as the Austrian Imperial consor of Slavonic subjects. Karadzic's goal became to make the Serb language spoken by peasants under Turkish rule the literary norm in place of the classical style. He also wanted to establish a uniform orthography with a revised and simplified alphabet. In 1815 Prince Milos Obrenovic succeeded in overthowing Turkish rule. From 1829 to 1832 Karadzic served the newly independent state in various ways.
In 1832 Karadzic returned to Vienna after his newly published alphabet was banned by Obrenovic as a result of opposition from the Orthodox Church. Karadzic protested at Obrenovic's policy in his published letter "Letter to Milos Obrenovic". A copy of the original letter (now probably in the National Library of Slovenia) is part of this collection, For much of the period 1832-1859, Karadzic was barred from Serbia (from 1842 to 1859 the Obrenovic family were also in exile). He continued his battle against the old Serb alphabet and for the use of popular language. Karadzic also wrote works on Serbian history and the life and customs of Serbian peasants and published collections of folk songs. He died having largely succeeded in his linguistic aims.
Yvonne Kapp: Born Yvonne Mayer, 1903; educated at King's College London; married the artist, Edmond Kapp, 1922; joined Communist Party of Great Britain, 1936, following a visit to the Soviet Union; worked with Basque and Jewish refugees, 1937-1938; Assistant to Director, British Committee to Refugees from Czechoslovakia, dismissed from her post by the Home Office, 1940, and wrote [with Margaret Mynatt] pamphlet British Policy and the Refugees, 1941; Research Officer, Amalgamated Engineering Union, 1941-1946; worked for Medical Research Council, undertaking field work in the East End of London, 1947-1953; editor and translator, Lawrence and Wishart (publishers), 1953-1957; died 1999. Publications: four novels under the pseudonym Yvonne Cloud, including Nobody Asked You, 1932 and The Houses in Between, 1938; Eleanor Marx, (2 vols 1972, 1976).
Margaret Mynatt: Born Vienna, 1907, daughter of a British musician, John Charles Mynatt, (who was known professionally as Giovanni Carlo Minotti); she moved to Berlin in 1929, and joined the Communist Party, and was also involved with Bertolt Brecht and his circle, assistng in the creation of St Joan of the Stockyards and other plays; she left Germany in 1933, following the Reichstag fire, and settled in London; she was Head of Tribunals for the Czech Refugee Trust Fund, 1938-1941, and was dismissed (with Yvonne Kapp) by the Foreign Office in 1941; they subsequently published the pamphlet British Policy and the Refugees; she was Head of Reuters Soviet Monitor, 1951-1951; Manager of Central Books, 1951-1966 and a director of the publishers Lawrence and Wishart, 1966-1977; at the time of her death in Feb 1977 she was editor-in-chief of the Collected Works of Marx and Engels.
Born Yvonne Mayer, 1903; educated at King's College London; married the artist, Edmond Kapp, 1922; joined Communist Party of Great Britain, 1936, following a visit to the Soviet Union; worked with Basque and Jewish refugees, 1937-1938; Assistant to Director, British Committee to Refugees from Czechoslovakia, dismissed from her post by the Home Office, 1940, and wrote pamphlet British Policy and the Refugees, 1941; Research Officer, Amalgamated Engineering Union, 1941-1946; worked for Medical Research Council, undertaking field work in the East End of London, 1947-1953; editor and translator, Lawrence and Wishart (publishers), 1953-1957; died 1999. Publications: four novels under the pseudonym Yvonne Cloud, including Nobody Asked You, 1932 and The Houses in Between, 1938; Eleanor Marx, (2 vols 1972, 1976).
Eliezer Kaplan was born 1891; joined the Socialist Zionist Party, 1905; founder of the Youth of Zion - Renewal movement, 1908; founder of the Youth of Zion movement in Russia, 1912; member of the Ukrainian delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference, 1919; immigrated to Mandate Palestine, and was involved in merging Youth of Zion with Hapoel Hatzair to form Hitachdut, 1920; elected to the Zionist Executive Committee, 1920; went to Berlin to run Hitachdut's world office, 1920; returned to Mandate Palestine and joined the Histadrut's Office of Public Works, 1923; Director of the Technical Department of the Tel Aviv municipality, 1923-1925; Tel Aviv city council, 1925-1933; treasurer of the Jewish Agency, 1933-1948; signed the Israeli declaration of independence, and appointed Minister of Finance in the provisional government, 1948; elected to the first Knesset as a member of Mapai, and retained the Finance Ministry post, also becoming Minister of Trade and Industry; Deputy Prime Minister, 1952; died 1952.
HMT Dunera was a British passenger ship built as a troop transport in the late 1930s. On 10 Jul 1940 The Duneraleft Liverpool with men classed as enemy aliens, who were considered a risk to British security. Although many of the internees had in fact fled Europe to escape Nazi persecution, they were considered to have been German agents, potentially helping to plan the invasion of Britain. Included were 2,036 Jewish refugees from Austria and Germany, 451 German and Italian prisoners of war and others including the survivors of the Arandora Star disaster. They were taken to Australia for internment in the rural towns of Hay, New South Wales and Tatura, Victoria Australia. The ship had a maximum capacity of 1,500 - including crew - however on this voyage there were 2,542 transportees. The resultant condition has been described as 'inhumane', the transportees were also subjected to ill-treatment and theft by the 309 poorly trained British guards on board. On arrival in Sydney, the first Australian on board was medical army officer Alan Frost. He was appalled and his subsequent report led to the court martial of the army officer-in-charge, Lieutenant-Colonel William Scott.
Herbert Goldsmith (formerly Goldschmidt), was one of the internees on the HMT Dunera and subsequently a detainee at 'Camp 8', Hay Internment camp for refugees, New South Wales, Australia.
Erwin Kallir, was the canteen manager at 'Camp 8', Hay Internment camp for refugees, New South Wales, Australia.
This company, operating in Assam, India, was part of the Inchcape Group.
Erich Kaiser who wrote under the pseudonym Emil Grant, was born in Berlin in 1905 and emigrated to Paris in 1933 where he worked as a journalist for a number of German emigré newspapers including Paris Tageblatt, Paris Tageszeitung, Vorwärts, and Weltbühne. He was brought to Albi, Camp des Prestateurs where he committed suicide, 1 Sep 1940.
Gurs was a major internment camp in France, near Oloron-Sainte-Marie and 80 kilometers from the Spanish border. Established in 1939 to absorb Republican refugees from Spain, Gurs served later as a concentration camp for Jews from France and refugees from other countries. While under the administration of Vichy France (1940-1942) most non-Jewish prisoners were released and approximately 2000 Jews were permitted to emigrate. In 1941 Gurs held some 15,000 prisoners. The camp was controlled by the Germans from 1942 to 1944, during which time several thousand inmates were deported to extermination camps in Poland. An unknown number succeeded in escaping and reaching Spain or hiding in Southern France. Gurs was liberated in the summer of 1944.
Phyllis Mary Kaberry, 1910-1977, was educated at the University of Sydney. Her first fieldwork was conducted in the early 1930s in North West Australia on the social status of aboriginal women. In 1936 she moved to London to work in the Anthropology Department of the London School of Economics as a research assistant to Audrey Richards. After obtaining her doctorate in 1939 she received a fellowship from the Australian National Research Council to undertake fieldwork among the Abelam tribe in New Guinea. From 1941 to 1943, Kaberry lectured at Yale on Australia and New Guinea and edited Malinowski's unpublished material on culture change. In 1945 she made the first of five field trips to Cameroon, first under the auspices of the International African Institute and later with the support of the Wenner-Gren Foundation. In 1949, she joined the Department of Anthropology at University College London, where she remained a Reader in Social Anthropology for 26 years.
Thomas Kabdebo was a member of the Library staff at University College London Library. He published an edition of translations of the poems of the Hungarian poet Attila József (1905-1937) in 1966.
The London office of JW Doane and Company was opened in 1893 at 21 Mincing Lane in 1899 and closed in March 1905, after the apparent failure of the head office of the company in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Although the company was described in directories as "merchants", the business of the London office was strictly that of a coffee broker.
These notes are based on London directories and information taken from the archives themselves; nothing relating to the company could be found in secondary sources.
The journal Justice of the Peace was established in 1837. In 1927 it became a private limited liability company, with Stanley S Bond as the chairman (1927-42). The journal was sold in 1969 to its editor.
Justice and Pattenden were a small solicitor's practice based in Bernard Street, Holborn. The partnership dealt with general legal matters concerning property, family and estate matters and was listed in the Post Office London directories from 1849 until 1939.
The precise origin and extent of the jurisdiction of the Bishops of London over Anglican communities overseas remains a matter of debate and is discussed in 'A Case Without Parallel: The Bishops of London and the Anglican Church Overseas 1660-1740', by Geoffrey Yeo in Journal of Ecclesiastical History, vol.44, 1993" available in the Printed Books Section of Guildhall Library.
No provision for episcopal oversight of the English abroad had been made at the time of the Reformation but an order in council of 1st October 1633 required the Merchant Adventurers to be under the jurisdiction "of the lord bishop of London as their diocesan". After the Restoration it was assumed that the Anglican clergy overseas were in some way reponsible to the Bishop of London, although the precise authority remained undetermined. Successive bishops exercised their authority to differing degrees.
In the early nineteenth century Michael Luscombe, chaplain in Caen, became concerned about the lack of episcopal supervision. In 1825 he was consecrated by Scottish bishops, with the tacit consent of the Archbishop of Canterbury and Bishop of London, not as a diocesan bishop but to meet a pastoral need. He took up residence in Paris, was appointed embassy chaplain in 1828 and erected a church in Rue D'Aguesseau in 1834. After his death in 1846 the experiment was not repeated as few chaplains had accepted his offer to confirm or his licence.
In 1840-41 Charles Blomfield, Bishop of London, raised the question of the establishment of a new diocese in the Mediterranean. The need for effective episcopal supervision, ministry for congregations and clergy in south east Europe and the desire to promote relations with the Orthodox churches led to the establishment of the Diocese of Gibraltar in 1842 to cover the southern part of Europe bordering on the Mediterranean with the Bishop of London retaining jurisdiction over the rest of Europe. The Bishop of London retained some links with southern Europe, as a trustee of some chaplaincy buildings, and a number of chaplaincies apparently continued to send register transcripts to the London Diocesan Registry even after 1842.
In 1884 the Bishop of London gave his permanent commisson to Bishop Titcomb to serve in north and central Europe with financial responsibility being borne by the Colonial and Continental Church Society. The Bishop of London continued to appoint in this way until Bishop Batty was appointed suffragan bishop with the title of Bishop of Fulham in 1926.
The 1968 Lambeth Conference called for consideration to be given to parallel jurisdictions, especially in Europe, and in October 1970 the office of the Bishop of Gibraltar was combined with that of the Bishop of Fulham with the appointment of John Satterthwaite. From 1970 to 1980 the jurisdictions of Gibraltar and North & Central Europe remained separate, although administered by the same bishop of "Fulham and Gibraltar". In 1980 the Bishop of London divested himself of all his jurisdiction overseas (see DL/E/A/004/MS20876) and a new Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe, known as the Diocese in Europe, was established to supersede both former jurisdictions.
The Junta Principal de Caridad was set up in the city of Mexico during the smallpox epidemic of 1797-1798. Its role was to co-ordinate the work of local charitable societies that were organised in all the city's subdivisions.
The Junta de Sanidad, composed of 5 members of the Ayuntamiento or city council, was in charge of health issues during the 1813 fever epidemics in the city of Mexico. The fevers affecting the city at this time were probably mainly typhus.
The UK Umbrella Group began as fairly informal meetings of members of the Association of Jungian Analysts (AJA), Jungian Section of the British Association of Psychotherapists (BAP), Independent Group of Analytical Psychologists (IGAP) and the Society of Analytical Psychologists (SAP) late in 1986, which gradually became more formal and generated joint conferences and workshops as well as a working group on archives. The Umbrella Group Newsletter was published by the London Umbrella Group from 1997 and produced by a group of people from the four UK Jungian training organisations, and the editorship rotated around the team.
Julius Jung, a German Jewish immigrant to Great Britain, who was an active member of a number of committees and organisations which catered to the needs of the Jewish community. In particular, he was Honorary Secretary of the B'nai B'rith Care Committee for Refugee Children (see 1410/3410, 3509, 3423 for minutes of the hostel committee meetings). As a member of the University of London Jewish Students' Union, he was also involved in assisting German Jewish academics and students who had been excluded from universities on racial grounds in 1931-1932. In addition he was secretary of the Jewish Friends Food Fund.
The Archives and Manuscripts department is grateful to Mr Sonu Shamdasani for the following notes on the significance of this edition:
"This particular copy is one of an edition of mimeographed seminars printed in Zurich that were originally available only in Jung libraries and to select individuals, and which are now in the course of being published. The lectures in question were published in 1967 under the title Analytical Psychology and included in Jung's Collected Works under the title by which they were generally known - "The Tavistock Lectures" (CW8).
However, the copy in question is of value for the following reasons (which are not generally known). In a conversation with Michael Fordham, an editor of the Collected Works, who was actually present at the lectures, he informed me that the publicly published versions were substantially edited - in particular, what he termed Jung's 'rudeness' to the assembled gathering of prominent British psychiatrists and psychologists was taken out. Further, the correspondence around the editing of this text shows that the question as to whether such tampering with Jung's 'holy writ' was permissible led to an involved discussion. Hence this copy would be of interest to anyone persuing either of these topics."
Martti Julkinen is Director of the Centre for Extension Studies, University of Turku, Finland.
Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.
The Court of King's Bench was founded circa 1200 to hear common pleas, although it came to specialise in pleas of special interest and concern to the King, such as those which involved his own property interests, or breach of his peace, or an error of judgment by another royal court. By 1675 the King's Bench was the highest court of common law in England and Wales, with jurisdiction over both civil and criminal actions. Civil business was conducted on the 'Plea Side' and criminal business on the 'Crown Side'. It was absorbed into the High Court in 1875.
Source: The National Archives Research Guides "Legal Records Information 34" and "Legal Records Information 36"
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
The Nazis encountered a problem with treating Germans of mixed Jewish parentage, in particular what to do with Mischlinge 1 Grades (with two Jewish grandparents) who had already been serving in the Jugenddienst. Whilst the latter group were now regarded as having an unacceptable level of Jewish blood, many had already served the Third Reich and many more were due to once they reached the right age. The solution was apparently to create an intermediate stage in which Mischlinge 1 Grades were to be put on permanent standby (Bereitstellung) but would never actually be called up for service. The official response to potential complainants was to be a statement to the effect that the demands of war had created a shortfall amongst Jugenddienst leaders, and they were therefore unable to take on more people.
Juedische Winterhilfe (Jewish winter aid) was a Jewish organisation activated in the autumn of 1935 by the National Representation (Reichsvertretung) and the Central Committee of German Jews for Relief and Reconstruction to help needy Jews get through the winter, by providing food, medicines, and heating assistance. Winter Aid had been a general German enterprise during the winter of 1931/32, but Jews were excluded after the Nuremberg Laws, prompting Jewish organisations to establish the Jewish equivalent. Juedische Winterhilfe funded its activities by means of donations from Jews in Germany and elsewhere.