No information was available at the time of compilation.
Prince Alexander of Teck was born in 1874. The third son of Francis, Duke of Teck, and Princess Mary, Duchess of Teck (a granddaughter of George III and first cousin of Queen Victoria). Alexander's elder sister, Mary, was later Queen consort to George V. Prince Alexander was educated at Eton College and Sandhurst, before serving in the army in India and South Africa. He married Princess Alice of Albany (Queen Victoria's granddaughter) in 1904. The British Royal Family decided to discard German-sounding names during the First World War, so in July 1917, the Tecks adopted the surname Cambridge; Prince Alexander was created Earl of Athlone shortly afterwards. Athlone served as Governor-General of South Africa between 1923 and 1931 and of Canada between 1940 and 1946. He was also Chancellor of the University of London from 1932 until 1955. Both his sons predeceased him and the peerage became extinct when he died.
Joseph Cowen was the son of Sir Joseph Cowen (1800-1873) and his wife Mary. He succeeded his father as Liberal MP for Newcastle upon Tyne in 1873, holding the seat until 1886. He was a lifelong contributor to the Newcastle Chronicle, eventually becoming its owner and editor.
Stephen Spender was born in London, brought up in London and Norfolk, and educated at University College School in Hampstead and University College, Oxford. His first book of poetry was published in 1930 and was followed by many other works of poetry and prose, including World within World (1951), a novel heavily influenced by his earlier life and complicated sexuality. He co-edited the literary magazine Encounter 1953 until 1967, when he resigned over a funding scandal. In his later years, Spender was acclaimed as one of the leading poets writing in English and held several academic positions, including a chair at University College London (1970-1975). He received a CBE in 1962 and was knighted in 1983.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Henry Carey Baird was born in Bridesburg, Pennsylvania in 1825. He became a partner in the Philadelphia publishing house of Carey and Hart in 1845, but left in 1849 to establish his own firm, H C Baird and Co. Baird also wrote on economics. The economist and publisher Henry Charles Carey was his uncle.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
William Bence Jones was born in Beccles, Suffolk in 1812. He was educated at Harrow School and at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1838 he took over the management of the Lisselan estate, near Clonakilty, County Cork, Ireland. He was a successful farmer and manager, but unpopular with the local people. He also published several books on agriculture and on religion in Ireland. Jones retired and left Ireland in 1881, spending the last 18 months of his life in London.
William Eden was born in 1744. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, and subsequently trained as a lawyer; he was called to the bar in 1768. He had a strong interest in the philosophy of jurisprudence and believed firmly in legal reform. In the 1770s, as an under-secretary of state and later MP for New Woodstock, he was able to effect some changes to the legal and penal system. He also published several legal and political works. In the 1880s and early 1890s Eden was a diplomat in France and Spain. He was given an Irish peerage in 1789 and a British peerage in 1793.
Irene Bass was born in Lydd, Kent, and educated at nearby Ashford and at Maidstone School of Art before entering the Royal College of Art in London. She susbequently became one of the leading British calligraphers, teaching at Edinburgh College of Art and the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London, as well as making a living from freelance work and commissions. Irene was married twice, firstly to her cousin Jack Sutton (annulled in 1944) and secondly to the artist and teacher Hubert Lindsay Wellington.
Francis Wormald was born on 1 June 1904. He was educated at Eton and Magdalene College, Cambridge. From 1927 to 1949 he served as Assistant Keeper at the Department of Manuscripts at the British Museum. During the Second World War Wormald served in the Ministry of Home Security, producing Civil Defence training films. He was Professor of Paleography at the University of London between 1950 and 1960. In 1960 he was appointed Professor of History and Director of the Institute of Historical Research (IHR). Wormald was a member of the Institute of Advanced Study, Princeton University, USA, from 1955 until 1956; the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments in 1957; the Advisory Council on Public Records from 1965 to 1967 and President of the Society of Antiquaries from 1965 to 1970. In 1967 he became a Trustee of the British Museum and Governor of the London Museum in 1971. His major publications include English Kalendars before AD 1100 (1934); English Benedictine Kalendars after 1100 (2 volumes, 1939 and 1946) and English Drawings of the 10th and 11th Centuries (1952). He also contributed articles to Archaelogia, Antiquaries Journal and the Walpole Society. He was appointed Honorary Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge in 1961 and awarded a CBE in 1969. He died on 11 January 1972.
Ebenezer Elliott was born in Rotherham, Yorkshire, and initially worked at his father's foundry there. After the firm's collapse, he moved to Sheffield and started a cutlery business with money borrowed from his wife's family. He was actively opposed to the Corn Laws and founded the Sheffield Anti-Corn Law Society in 1834. Having written poetry since his youth, Elliott was actively interested in literature as well as business and politics. He published several volumes of Corn Law Rhymes in the early 1830s and consquently became known as the Corn Law Rhymer.
Adeline Virginia Stephen (always known by her middle name) was born in London in 1882, and educated at home. The deaths of her parents and two elder siblings before Virginia was 25 had a profound effect on her work. She wrote from an early age and, as young women, she and her sister Vanessa were founders of the Bloomsbury Group of young writers and artists. She married fellow writer Leonard Woolf in 1912. Woolf's novels include Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and Orlando (1928), the latter partly inspired by her relationship with the writer Vita Sackville-West; she was also a prolific essayist, diarist and correspondent. She drowned herself in 1941, fearing another collapse in her often-fragile mental health. Her writing prefigured several later developments in 20th century fiction and is still acclaimed by many critics.
Francis William Newman was born in London and educated at Worcester College, Oxford, graduating with a double first in 1826. As a young man he travelled in the Middle East before settling to an academic career. After holding positions in Bristol and Manchester, he became Professor of Latin at University College London in 1846, retaining the post until 1862. Newman also wrote widely on classical and religious topics and was a staunch supporter of women's rights and women's education. He returned to south-west England in 1866 and continued to write extensively while living in retirement at Weston-super-Mare. Unlike his elder brother, John Henry Newman (who converted to Roman Catholicism and became a cardinal), Francis Newman came to be sceptical of religious teaching, rejecting bibical authority and Christian dogma, but still considered himself to be a Christian.
Miss Winifred Mozley was the great-niece of Francis William Newman.
Faraday was born in London in 1791. He was apprenticed to a bookbinder. He became deeply interested in chemistry and began to work for the retired Professor Humphrey Davy and for the Royal Institution, becoming its director in 1825. From the 1820s he conducted many experiments in electromagnetism and made great advances in the understanding of electricity and magnetism; his work laid the foundations that have made practical use of electricity possible. From 1829 until 1852 he was Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich, and from 1836 to 1863 he was a member of the University of London Senate. He married Sarah Bernard (1800-1879) in 1821 and they were both practising members of the Sandemanian Christian sect.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Born in Philadelphia, Henry George settled in California, where he became successful in the newspaper industry and wrote several books. He is known as the founder of 'Georgism', an economic policy advocating land value taxation as a replacement for other forms of taxation and asserting that land and natural resources belong to all humanity equally.
Peter Mackenzie was born in 1799. He originally trained as a lawyer, but eventually turned to journalism. He founded The Loyal Reformers' Gazette, a periodical supporting parliamentary reform, in 1831; Mackenzie lived and worked mainly in Glasgow. His book Old Reminiscences of Glasgow (1865) was a rather unflattering portrait of the city and many of its inhabitants, but he remained a popular figure among the general public.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Reginald Baliol Brett was born in London in 1885. He was educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He served as Liberal MP for Penrhyn between 1880 and 1885 and succeeded his father as Viscount Esher in 1899. Lord Esher became closely associated with the Royal Family, serving as Deputy Constable and Lieutenant Governor of Windsor Castle from 1901 until 1928, and subsequently as the castle's Constable and Governor until his death in 1930.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Hermione Llewellyn was born in Gloucestershire and brought up in Wales. Whilst working in Australia as personal assistant to the Governor of New South Wales, she met Daniel Knox, Earl of Ranfurly, whom she married in 1939. Following miliatary service in the Second World War, Lord Ranfurly was appointed Governor of the Bahamas in 1953. Whilst living in Nassau, Lady Ranfurly founded the Ranfurly Library Service, in response to the lack of libraries and school books available in the Bahamas. After the couple's return to Britain, she expanded the service (later renamed Book Aid International) to other parts of the English-speaking world; in 1970 she received an OBE in recognition of her work. Lady Ranfurly also published a memoir of her wartime experiences, To War With Whitaker (1994).
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Leonard Horner was born and educated in Edinburgh. He worked initially in his family's linen business and later, unsuccessfully, as an underwiter at Lloyd's insurance office; after his father's death in 1829 he had a private income. From 1833 to 1859 he was a member of the Royal Commission on the employment of children in factories and worked hard to ensure that factory workers received the legal protection to which they were entitled. Horner was very interested in scholarship: in 1821 he founded the Edinburgh School of Arts (later to become Herriot-Watt University) and was the first warden and secretary of the new University of London (later University College London) during 1827-1831. His keenest interest was in geology and he served twice as president of the Geological Society (1845-1846 and 1860-1861), controversially allowing women to attend meetings during his second term of office. In 1813 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Thomas Robert Malthus was born in Surrey in 1766. He was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, and graduated with a BA in 1788 and an MA in 1791, becoming a fellow in 1793. He was ordained deacon in the Church of England in 1789 and ordained priest in 1791. His first and best-known book An Essay on the Principle of Population was published in 1798, with several substantially revised editions following during the next two decades; he also wrote several other books on economics and demographics. From 1805 until his death Malthus was professor of history and political economy at East India College, Haileybury, Hertfordshire. He became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1818 and a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1825, and was a founding member of both the Political Economy Club and the Statistical Society of London.
Karl Heinrich Marx was born in Trier, Germany in 1818. His family was Jewish but he and his siblings were baptised into the Protestant church. He studied law and philosophy at the Universities of Bonn and Berlin before becoming a journalist and editor, initially in Berlin and later in Paris and Brussels. From 1849 onwards he and his family lived in exile in London. From the 1840s onwards Marx developed the set of economic and political theories now known as Marxism. Many of his ideas were developed in collaboration with Friedrich Engels (1820-1895). His best known works are The Communist Manifesto [with Engels] (1848) and Das Kapital vol 1 (1867). Marx died in 1883 and was buried in Highgate cemetery. His ideas were very influential during the 20th century and the original source of the ideology adopted by Communist revolutions and governments in Soviet Russia and elsewhere.
The illegitimate son of the keeper of a debtors' prison, Francis Place was apprenticed aged 14 to a breeches-maker and practised the trade for many years, eventually becoming successful. From 1794 to 1797 he was a member of the radical London Corresponding Society, which had a strong influence on his political and philosophical views. In the first two decades of the 19th century he was instrumental in the successes of radical candidates for the borough of Westminster. Place wrote extensively and his papers comprise one of the largest 19th century collections in the British Library.
Thomas Smith was born in 1513. He studied at Queen's College, Cambridge University, gaining an MA in 1533. He was created Regius Professor of Civil law and Vice-Chancellor at Cambridge University in 1544. Created Secretary of State in 1548, Smith was knighted the same year. He was Ambassador to France, 1562-1566, and was later readmitted to the Privy Council, 1571, and reappointed Secretary of State, 1572. Smith died in 1577. Publications: An Old Mould to cast New Lawes (1643); De Republica Anglorum (1583); De recta & emendata Linguae Graecae pronuntiatione (1568); De recta & emendata Linguae Anglicae Scriptione (1568); The Authority, form, and manner of holding Parliaments; Sir Thomas Smithes Voiage and Entertainment in Rushia (N. Butter: London, 1605).
c 1906: Farmer near Colchester in Essex.
1914-1918: Inns of court O.T.C. Gazetted to 7th Suffolks and went to the Somme, France.
Late 1920s-1930s: Interest in psychical investigations.
1939: Medical clerk to the Chairman of Colchester Medical Board of the Ministry of Labour.
1941: Transferred to Ministry of Food Headquarters Office, Colwyn Bay for licensing of firms in Animal Feeding stuffs.
1942: Transferred to Chelmsford Essex Divisional Food Office as Salvage Officer for Essex and Hertfordshire areas.
1950: Transferred to Ministry of Supply and carried out testing at Springfield Uranium Factory, Lancashire.
1955-1961: Moved to Dacca, East Pakistan and worked as a General Manager of Zeenat Printing Works and public relations.
1962: Joined the Sue Ryder organisation and carried out general duties and nursing.
1960s: Verger.
Henry Vane was born about 1705. He was Member of Parliament for Launceston 1726-1727, St. Mawes 1727-1741, Ripon 1741-1747 and for County Durham 1747-1753. Vane was Vice Treasurer and Paymaster General from 1742-1744, a Lord of the Treasury 1749-1755 and Lord Lieutenant of County Durham 1753-1758. He succeeded his father in the Peerage as 3rd Baron Barnard on 27 April 1753. He was created Viscount Barnard of Barnards Castle and Earl of Darlington 3 April 1754. Vane died on 6 March 1758.
Winifred M.T.Nowottny, nee Dobbs, was educated at the University of London and later taught English Literature at University College London. She published the books, Language Poets Use in 1962 and Hopkins' Language of Prayer of Praise in 1972.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No further information available at present.
No further information available at present.
No further information available at present.
No further information available.
Born 1833; wrote under the name Mrs Henry Pott and became a prominent Shakespeare scholar and proponent of the theory that Francis Bacon was Shakespeare; died 1914.
Publications include: The promus of formularies and elegances, by Francis Bacon (1883); Did Francis Bacon write "Shakespeare"? (1884); Francis Bacon and his secret society: An attempt to collect and unite the lost links of a long and strong chain (1891).
Henry Somerton Foxwell, born 17 June 1849, Somerset, the son of an ironmonger and slate and timber merchant. He received his early educated at the Weslyian Collegiate Institute, Taunton; passed the London Matriculation examination at the minimum age; obtained a London External BA Degree at the age of 18; admitted to St. John's College, Cambridge, 1868; placed senior in the Moral Sciences Tripos in 1870 and was associated with the College for the rest of his life; made a Fellow in 1874 and held his College lectureship for sixty years. In the University he was largely responsible for the honours teaching of economics from 1877 to 1908; Foxwell was assistant lecturer to his friend Stanley Jevons who had held the Chair of Economics at University College London from 1868 and then succeeded Jevons as chair in May 1881, holding the post until 1927; at the same time, Foxwell was Newmarch Lecturer in statistics at University College London and a lecturer on currency and banking from 1896 at London School of Economics. In 1907 he became joint Professor of Political Economy in the University of London, and in addition gave extra-mural lectures for Cambridge University from 1874 and for London from 1876 to 1881 in London, Leeds, Halifax and elsewhere. He also held the following appointments: external examiner for London, Cambridge and other universities; first Dean of the Faculty of Economics at the University of London; vice-president and president of the Council of the Royal Economic Society; member of the Councils of the Statistical Society and the British Association for the Advancement of Science; and secretary and later president of the University (Cambridge) Musical Society and the Cambridge Antiquarian Society. He also provided a course of lectures at the Institute of Actuaries. Foxwell was a dedicated book-collector and bibliophile and concentrated on the purchase of economic books printed before 1848. He described his library as a collection of books and tracts intended to serve as the basis for the study of the industrial, commercial, monetary and financial history of the United Kingdom and the gradual development of economic science generally. Foxwell's library provides the nucleus of the Goldsmiths' Library of Economic Literature. When The Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths purchased the library of economic literature from Foxwell in 1901 for £10,000 it contained about 30,000 books. The Company also generously provided Foxwell with a series of subventions following the purchase of the Library to enable him to make further acquisitions prior to the gift of the Goldsmiths' Library of Economic Literature to the University of London in 1903. From the sale in 1901, Foxwell kept back duplicates that formed a second collection which he sold to Harvard University for £4,000 in 1929. From the termination of dealings with the Goldsmiths' Company in 1903, he began creating a second major collection. By his death, on 3 August 1936, Foxwell had amassed a further 20,000 volumes that were sold to Harvard University creating the focus for the Kress Library.
The registers were printed in Enkhuisen by Jan von Guissen.
These materials were collected by Dr Harte for his book, The University of London, 1836-1986 - an illustrated history (1986, Athlone Press).
The volume contains the bookplate of William Lee Antonie, who was a Member of Parliament, and an annotation (probably not in William's hand) which states that the writing of the manuscript appears to be either that of John or Richard Antonie, probably the latter.
In 1523 King Francis I of France established a new central treasury, the Trésor de l'Épargne, into which all his revenues, ordinary and extraordinary, were to be deposited. In 1542 he set up 16 financial and administrative divisions, the généralités, appointing in each a collector general with the responsibility for the collection of all royal revenues within his area. In 1551 King Henry II added a treasurer general; from 1577 the bureaux des finances, new supervisory bodies composed of a collector general and a number of treasurers, made their appearance in each généralité.
No information was discovered at the time of compilation.This is probably the author's own corrected manuscript of Traite de la circulation et du credit, contenant une Analyse raisonnee des Fonds d'Angleterre (Marc Michel Rey, Amsterdam, 1771).
Sir James William Morrison (1774-1850) was Third Clerk to the Master of the Royal Mint, 1792, and also worked as an assistant in the melting house. On 31 Dec 1801, he replaced his father, James Morrison, as First Clerk, Purveyor and Deputy Master of the Mint, a post which he held until 1850.
In 1784, a new Committee of Council on Trade and Plantations was created by an Order in Council (Privy Council). Its functions were mainly consultative. As the Industrial Revolution gathered momentum, the department's work became mainly executive, and from 1840 a succession of statutes gave it power to regulate industry and commerce. It officially became the Board of Trade in 1861, though the title was in common use for a long time beforehand.
No information was discovered at the time of compilation.