T Burden and Co were dispensing chemists, of 41 Store Street, Bedford Square, London.
Camberwell House Asylum was founded in 1846 by John Hayball Paul (1816-1899), who was also medical superintendent, 1846-1899. Paul entered into partnership with F.G. Aubin and Alfred Richards as Aubin and Co., this firm being the official owner of the asylum at one period. During the span of these case books the asylum admitted mainly pauper patients. It closed in 1955.
David Urquhart (1805-1877) was a diplomat and a pioneer of the Turkish Bath in the United Kingdom, helping to establish one in Jermyn Street, London. His wife Harriet Angelina Urquhart (née Fortesque) was a literary figure under the pen-name 'Caritas'.
Ticehurst House Hospital was opened as a private lunatic asylum at Ticehurst, East Sussex, in 1792. The founder was Samuel Newington (1739-1811), who was already in practice at Ticehurst as a surgeon and apothecary. The asylum remained in the ownership of his descendants until recent times, and they continued to serve as its medical superintendents until the death of Herbert Francis Hayes Newington (1847-1917).
At first the hospital admitted a number of pauper patients as well as its more numerous private clients. However no pauper patients were admitted after 1838, and the clientèle became increasingly upper class as the century progressed. Already in the 1820s a prospectus was issued with impressive illustrations of the asylum and its grounds, which included a pagoda, a gothic summer house and an aviary for gold and silver pheasants. Later, in 1882, a newspaper report described the Ticehurst establishment as ducal, with horses and carriages, valets and liveried servants, hothouses, greenhouses, and its own pack of harriers. In keeping with this rise in social status, patients were increasingly drawn not only from Sussex, Kent, and the Home Counties, but from the whole of Great Britain and even from overseas.
In addition to Ticehurst House itself (known in the early years of the Hospital as The Establishment), the Newington family acquired a number of other properties in the vicinity for the accommodation of patients and staff. By 1827 the Hospital consisted of Ticehurst House itself, and two nearby houses, The Vineyard and The Highlands, set in pleasure grounds amounting to over forty acres. The acquisition of Brick Kiln Farm and other properties brought the total land holding to over three hundred acres by 1900.
Following the death of Herbert Francis Hayes Newington, the ownership and management structure of the Hospital was formalised by the registration of 'The Doctors Newington' in 1918 as a private unlimited company. The share capital of the company was divided equally between four trusts representing the various branches of the family: the Hayes Newington Family Trust Ltd; the Alexander Newington Trust Ltd; the Samuel Newington Family Trust Ltd; and the Herbert Newington Trust Ltd. The Hospital was run by a Board of Directors on which each of the Trusts was represented. Day to day management was the responsibility of two employees, the Secretary and, with respect to patient care, the Medical Superintendent. The dominant figure, however, until at least the 1950s, was the Chairman of the Board, Herbert Archer Hayes Newington.
In 1918 when 'The Doctors Newington' was registered as a company, its purposes were stated to be not only the management of the asylum, but also farming. The estate continued to be extensive until 1951, when it consisted of 311 acres. However a series of sales in the decade which followed, which included the disposal of Brick Kiln Farm, The Gables, Quarry Villa, and a substantial part of the land of Broomden Farm, brought a large reduction in the land holding, and the return of the Hospital to its original single function of psychiatric patient care.
The company was re-incorporated in 1967 as 'Ticehurst House Private Clinic Ltd.'. It became part of Nestor Nursing Homes Ltd. in 1974. Following this it was acquired by Westminster Healthcare and became part of the Priory Healthcare group in 2000. Information about the Priory group and its history can be found on the internet at http://www.prioryhealthcare.co.uk/.
The Company of the Barber-Surgeons of London was formed by the union of the Company of Barbers and the Fellowship of Surgeons in 1540. The barbers had carried out minor surgery such as bleeding and lancing of abscesses, while the more erudite surgeons attempted to evolve some principles in surgery, and were involved in the mutilating surgery of warfare. The Barber-Surgeons became responsible for instigating teaching programmes and the licensing of men to practice the art of surgery; they also appointed surgeons to the armed forces. A rift occurred in 1745. The surgeons broke away and formed the Company of Surgeons, which, in 1800, became the Royal College of Surgeons.
Lyon Falkener (1867-1947), MRCS, LRCP; nd locum tenens at Claybury Asylum and the Western Fever Hospital, Fulham; nd Assistant House Surgeon at the Metropolitan Hospital, London and nd General Practitioner at Icart, Guernsey.
The Society (est circa 1821) was instituted for the collection, cultivation, study and exploitation of medicinal plants. Fellows, including those drawn from the medical professions, attended lectures, submitted reports and awarded annual medals for the encouragement of medical botany. John Frost (1803-1840), the founder of the Medico-Botanical Society of London. Frost abandoned medicine for botany after quarrelling with his teacher Dr Wright, the apothecary of Bethlem Hospital. He founded the Medico-Botanical Society of London in 1821 and became Secretary to the Royal Humane Society in 1824; in 1830 he was expelled from the Medico-Botanical Society of London on the grounds of his arrogant behaviour and in 1832, as a result of financial liabilities, he fled to Paris. Subsequently he practised as a physician in Berlin.
James Ormiston McWilliam was medical officer to the Niger expedition, 1841, and medical superintendent to the Custom House, 1847-1862.
Charles Tilstone Beke was an explorer in Abyssinia.
Born, Edinburgh, 1714; graduated MA, St Andrews University, 1730; studied medicine in Edinburgh; studied of anatomy under Monro; moved to London, 1734, studied under Cheselden, visited the wards of the London hospitals; attended the lectures of Winslow in Paris, Boerhaave and Albinus, Leyden; M D, Rheims, 1736; licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 1737; Fellow, Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 1738, and commenced practice as a physician; Professor of the Theory of Medicine in Edinburgh University, 1747; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1752; lectured on chemistry, 1756; first physician to the King in Scotland, 1761; President, Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 1763-1766; died, 1766.
Publications include: An Essay on the vital and other involuntary motions of animals (Edinburgh, 1751); An Essay on the virtues of Lime-Water in the cure of the Stone (Edinburgh, 1752); Physiological Essays (Hamilton, Balfour and Neill, Edinburgh, 1755); Observations on the Nature, Causes, and Cure of those Disorders which have been commonly called Nervous Hypochondriac, or Hysteric, to which are prefixed some remarks on the sympathy of the nerves (T Becket and P du Hondt, London, J Balfour, Edinburgh, 1765); Observations on the dropsy in the brain, by R W (Edinburgh, 1768); The Works of R. W. ... Published by his son [R Whytt] (Edinburgh, 1768).
Unknown
Jordanus Ruffus or Giordano Ruffo was farrier to Frederick II (1194-1250), Holy Roman Emperor and King of Sicily, in the later 13th century.
G B Wood trained at Edinburgh and Manchester, later becoming senior house surgeon at Huddersfield Infirmary and practising on the Isle of Wight. MCh, MO at Jersey General Dispensary and Infirmary.
Jean-Baptiste Biot was born in Paris and educated at the Ecole Polytechnique. His fields of research included astonomy, the Earth's atmosphere, and light and optics, but he is best known for his work on electricity and magnetism; the Biot-Savart law in electromagnetics is named after him, and Felix Savart.
Born in Edinburgh in 1873, Balfour received his education at George Watson's College and at the University of Edinburgh where he graduated MB CM in 1894. After graduation he joined his father in general practice but it soon became clear that he was inclined toward preventive rather than curative medicine. He went to Cambridge University in 1895, taking his Diploma in Public Health in 1897. He returned to Edinburgh University where he graduated MD with a thesis on the toxicity of dyestuffs and river pollution for which he was awarded the Gold Medal. He took the Edinburgh BSc in Public Health at Edinburgh University in 1900 before serving as a civil surgeon in the Transvaal in the second Boer War, 1900-1901. On his return he became interested in tropical medicine through his friendship with Sir Patrick Manson and took a course at the School. In 1902 he was appointed Director of the Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratory at Khartoum and Medical Officer of Health to that city. He remained in Khartoum until 1913 and his work was published in four reports from the Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories (1904-1911). On his return to England, he founded and directed the Wellcome Bureau of Scientific Research and organised what was to become the Wellcome Museum of Medical Science. He made an extensive tour of South America and the West Indies. He took on many different roles during World War One, at the outbreak he was in uniform in France, in 1915 he became a temporary Lt Col, Royal Army Medical Corps. In 1915-1916 he became a member of the Medical Advisory Committee, Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, he was the President of the Medical Advisory Committee, Mesopotamia 1916-1917, Scientific Adviser to Inspecting Surgeon-General, British Expeditionary Force, East Africa, 1917 and President of the Egyptian Public Health Commission, 1918.
He returned as Director in Chief of the Wellcome Bureau and became a member of the Colonial Advisory Medical and Sanitary Committee and Medical Research Committee. In 1921 he visited Mauritius to advise on sanitation and went to Bermuda in 1923 on a similar expedition. In 1923 he was appointed the first Director of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. In 1926 he revisited the Sudan at the invitation of the Government, presided at the opening of the State Institute in Warsaw and gave an address at the opening of the School of Hygiene in John Hopkins University in America. He was elected President of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1925-1927, he became D.Sc and LL.D (Edinburgh) and LL.D of Johns Hopkins and Rochester Universities in USA and also a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London and Edinburgh. In 1920 he received the Mary Kingsley Medal of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. He was knighted in 1930. He died from a fall from a window of a nursing home in Kent on 1 January 1931. Selected publications include (medicine): Medicine, Public Health and Preventive Medicine (with C. J. Lewis, 1902); Memoranda on Medical Diseases in Tropical and Sub-Tropical Areas (1916); War Against Tropical Disease (1920); Reports to the Health Committee of the League of Nations on Tuberculosis and Sleeping Sickness in Equatorial Africa (1923); Health Problems of the Empire (with H. H. Scott, 1924); (novels/historical adventures): By Stroke of Sword (1897); To Arms (1898); Vengeance is Mine (1899); Cashiered and Other War Stories (1902); The Golden Kingdom (1903).
Born in Berlin, 1769; educated, Freiberg Academy of Mines under the famous geologist A G Werner; hiked around Europe with George Forester, Captain James Cook's scientific illustrator from his second voyage; government mines inspector in Franconia, Prussia, 1792-1800; expedition with botanist Aime Bonpland in South America, 1800-1803; lived in France, 1804-1827; King of Prussia's advisor, 1827-; invited to make geographical explorations of Russia by the tsar: discovered permafrost and recommended that Russia establish weather observatories across the country which were set up in 1835; gave public lectures in Berlin, 1827-1828; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1856-1859, died, 1859.
Publications: Kosmos (1845)
Until May 1901 the Medical Officer of Health was Robert John Sprakeling (d.1901) MRCS. He was succeeded by Thomas William Naylor Barlow (fl. 1896-1945) MRCS, LRCP. By 1924 the MOH was Frank Thomas Herbert Wood (fl. 1902-78).
Alexander Kinloch Forbes was an Indian civil servant and historian of Gujarat.He was the author of Râs Mâlâ.
John Bishop King was the son of William King M.D. (Cantab.) F.R.C.P. (1786-1865), who practiced in Brighton. J.B. King passed as M.D. in 1855 and travelled East in the same year; after a short period in India he settled at Penang. The Medical Directory lists him as resident there until 1898; in 1899 he is listed as living in Brighton, where he remains until 1901; in 1902 he is absent from the Directory, presumably dead.
His wife Joanna (née Smith) was the daughter of Captain Smith of Penang; they were married in Penang in 1866.
Joshua Webster (1709?-1801), MD, formulated his patent remedy "Dr. Webster's diet drink", or "Cerevisia Anglicana" in 1742. Shortly before his death Webster gave the recipe to Samuel Slee, a wine merchant in Southwark, whence it was inherited by his son, Edward Slee (d c 1836). In 1835 Edward Slee entered into partnership with one George Pike (d 1854), who also married Slee's daughter, Eliza. After Pike's death, Eliza Pike and her son George Pike junior (b 1835) continued trading as Edward Slee and Co, based at successive locations in the London area - Kennington, Lee, Harlington and Hounslow. Edward Slee and Co seem to have ceased trading shortly after the turn of the century.
Born, 1872; graduated from Harvard Medical School,1902; assistant visiting physician for diseases of the skin in the Boston City Hospital, 1906; taught dermatology at Tufts Medical School, 1917; Professor of Dermatology, Tufts Medical School, 1929-1929; founder member and first Vice President of the New England Dermatological Society; died, 1929.
Williamson was in general practice at Ventnor until his death at the age of 52. He was Honorary Surgeon to the Royal National Hospital for Consumption at Ventnor, and Honorary Medical Officer to the convalescent home at Bonchurch, Isle of Wight, attached to the Royal Hampshire County Hospital.
The earliest individual concerned, William Edward Green, trained at Sydenham College, Birmingham, and the Birmingham General Hospital; he passed as MRCS in 1867 and as LSA in 1869. He practised at Sandown (Isle of Wight) before settling at Ross-on-Wye, where he spent the remainder of his career. He last appears in the Medical Directory in 1922. Arthur Llewellyn Baldwin Green, presumably his son, passed as MRCS and LRCP in 1902 and joined the same practice, last appearing in the Medical Directory in 1970. Another member of the practice, Walter Holcroft Cam, passed as MRCS and LRCP in 1909 and last appears in the Medical Directory for 1938.
Thomas Martin was a General Practitioner in Dorking.
Unknown
Sambon was intermittently employed by the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum from 1903 onwards.
He organised the 11th International Congress of Medicine (Rome, 1894).
Victor Scheuer was a Belgian physician based at Spa, where he attended the Princes d'Orléans and other European nobility. He was a collector of autographs and his professional correspondence, involving contact with various notables, contributed to his collection.
William Hunter was born, 1718; attended the local Latin school; Glasgow University, 1731-1736; medical apprenticeship in Hamilton; went to London to learn midwifery from William Smellie, 1740; John Douglas's anatomy assistant and tutor to Douglas's son William George, 1741; surgical pupil of David Wilkie at St George's Hospital; studied anatomy and surgery, Paris, 1743- 1744; began building a surgical and midwifery practice, London; set up an anatomy course, 1746; member of the Company of Surgeons, 1747; temporary man-midwife at the Middlesex Hospital, 1748; man-midwife to the new British Lying-in Hospital, 1749-1759; member of the Society of London Physicians, 1754; licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, 1756; consultant physician, British Lying-in Hospital, 1759; physician-extraordinary to the queen, 1762; steward, then treasurer, and finally president of the Society of Collegiate Physicians; fellow of the Royal Society, 1767; professor of anatomy, Royal Academy of Art, 1768; died, 1783.
William Cumberland Cruikshank was born in Edinburgh in 1745. He attended both Edinburgh and Glasgow Universities and graduated in 1767. He was the pupil of John Moore, and became assistant to William Hunter. He moved to London in 1771, and gave anatomy demonstrations. He was later made a partner in the Windmill Street School by Hunter, and after Hunter died Cruikshank continued with Hunter's nephew, Matthew Baillie. Cruikshank attended Dr Johnson during his last illness. He received an honorary MD from Glasgow University in 1783. He became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, in 1797. He published The Anatomy of the Absorbing Vessels of the Human Body, in 1786. He died in 1800.
Born 1583 or 1854; Stanhope paid Secretary Winwood £10,000 for the barony of Shelford, 1616; Nottinghamshire commission of the peace; earldom of Chesterfield and in December, 1628; because of his royalist support he was sent to prison, 1643 and his lands were sequestered; had his allowance withdrawn by parliament, 1654; died, 1656.
The attribution of this MS. to Stanhope is based on the internal evidence of the entries: the first on fol. E.2. which speaks of a 'remedye for ranke Styans...tryed upon my owne childe Arthur Stanhope', the second on Fol. A.4. 'A Plaister for an Ague taught me by my Sonne Ferdinandos wife'. On A.3v the name of 'K. Chesterfield' appears and is presumably that of Stanhope's first wife, the daughter of Lord Francis Hastings, who died in 1636. On fol. B.2, is a reference to my Brother [in law] George Hastings.
The Sédillot family from Clermont, Cantal, produced several medical figures in the course of a few generations. Jean Sédillot was founder and editor of the Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy. Charles Sédillot was a military surgeon and Professor of Surgery at the Strasbourg faculty of medicine.
For further biographical information see Charles Henri Sunder, La vie et les oeuvres de Ch. Emmanuel Sedillot (1804-1883) (Strasbourg: Les Editions Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1933) and Alain Ségal, "Notice biographique sur Jean Sédillot Le Jeune (1757-1840)", in Histoire des sciences médicales T. 30, no. 4 (1996), pp. 495-500.
The Harland family were based in Scarborough, North Yorkshire.
Dr. William Harland (1786?-1866) trained at Edinburgh before practising in Scarborough; he was three times Mayor of the town, a friend of the engineer George Stephenson and the designer of a steam-powered car.
His son Dr. William Aurelius Harland (1822-1858) likewise trained at Edinburgh; as a consequence of an unwise marriage to a servant girl (see MS. 7682/22-23), he left England for Hong Kong in 1846. Here he became resident surgeon of the Victoria Seamen's Hospital and studied natural history, mineralogy and Chinese medical jurisprudence, publishing extensively in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. He died of a fever in 1858, shortly before he was due to publish a study of the natural history of Hong Kong.
Another son of Dr. William Harland, Edward Harland (1831-1895) (whom the letters mention in passing), was joint founder of the Harland and Wolff ship-building firm.
"On William Aurelius Harland, collector of Hong Kong plants" by James R. Troyer, in Archives of natural history (Vol. 24, pt. 1 (Feb. 1997), pp.149-152), gives further information but gives his birth-date as 1818/19 on the basis of an error in the age given on his tombstone.
John Davy (1790-1868) was a physiologist and anatomist, and the younger brother of the chemist Sir Humphrey Davy. He spent his career as a military surgeon and became Inspector of Hospitals.
Thomas Brigstocke Humphreys was a chemist in Portmadoc, he appears later to have relocated to London since some of the ephemera in the volume carry the same name but with an address in Blackheath.
Joshua Henry Porter served in the 97th regiment, and was commended for his services at the siege of Sebastapol and the fall of Lucknow. He worked at the Army Medical School, Netley where he was assistant professor of military surgery. Porter was also deputy commander of the British Ambulance Service in France during the Franco-Prussian war and medical officer in charge of the Kabul force in the Afghan war. He died at Kabul in 1880.
Thomas Buzzard was educated at King's College Hospital and joined the British Army staff in the Crimea immediately after qualifying M.D. in 1855. On his return he made his career as a neurologist. In 1873 he became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians; a brief biography, accordingly, is to be found in William Munk's The roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London ("Munk's Roll").
Sir William Herschel (1738-1822) was born in Hanover and came to England in 1757, where he taught music in Leeds, Halifax and Bath. He devoted himself to the study of mathematics and astronomy, built his own telescope in c 1773, and with it discovered the planet Uranus in 1781 (which he named 'Georgium Sidus' in honour of George III). He was appointed private astronomer to George III in 1782 and knighted in 1816, and is regarded as the virtual founder of sidereal science.
His sister Caroline Lucretia Herschel (1750-1848) discovered eight comets, receiving a salary from George III in 1787. She received the Astronomical Society's gold medal for her catalogue of Sir William Herschel's star clusters and nebulae, 1828, and was created an honorary member of the Society in 1835.
Sir John Frederick William Herschel (1792-1871), the son of Sir William Herschel, was a fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, and obtained his M.A. in 1816. With George Peacock (1791-1858) he translated Lacroix's Elementary Treatise on the Differential Calculus, and was elected FRS in 1813.
His son Alexander Stewart Herschel (1836-1907) was born in South Africa, and studied meteorology at the Royal School of Mines, London, 1861. He was professor of physics at Glasgow, 1866-1871 and at Durham College, Newcastle, 1871-1886. He reported on observation of meteors to the British Association, 1862-1881, observing a solar eclipse in Spain in 1905, and was elected FRS in 1884.
Martin, James (fl 1904-1913), trained as a veterinary surgeon at the Royal College of Veterinary Surgery and later became a vet in Wellington Salop.