Born Gloucester, 1802; moved to London, 1806; school in Vere Street, London, 1813; placed with uncle Charles, musical instrument maker, Strand, London, 1816; worked under father, William, musical instrument maker, 1818-1823; early demonstrations of experiments into acoustics and the transmission of sound, 1821; first paper published on 'New experiments in sound', in Annals of philosophy, 1823; inherited musical instrument business belonging to uncle, Charles, 1823; relocated business to Conduit Street, London, 1829; invented kaleidophone, 1826-1827; Michael Faraday delivers first lecture on sound on behalf of Wheatstone, Royal Institution, London, 1828; Wheatstone announces invention of concertina, 1830; invents stereoscope, 1830-1832; experiments to measure velocity of electricity, 1830-1837; Professor of Experimental Philosophy, King's College London, 1834-1875; work on electricity generation, [1834-1850]; lectures on sound at King's College London, 1836; Fellow of Royal Society, 1836; invents constant cell battery, [1836]; first patent on electric telegraph with William Fothergill Cooke, 1837; first public demonstration of stereoscope, Royal Society, 1838; installs five needle telegraph, Paddington to West Drayton, London, 1838-1839; work on improvements to electric telegraph, [1840-1845]; high point of work on polarisation of light, [1840-1870]; 'Wheatstone Bridge' invented, 1843; conducts earliest submarine telegraph cable experiment in Swansea Bay, 1844; invents iron core galvanometer, 1845; assists work of parliamentary Select Committee on Ordnance concerning electrical detonation devices, 1855; perfects first practical ABC telegraph, 1858; establishes Universal Private Telegraph Company, 1861; with Carl Wilhelm Siemens invents self-excited generator, 1867; knighted, 1868; died 1875. Publications: The scientific papers of Sir Charles Wheatstone (London, 1879).
London Diocesan Reader, from 1898; member of the Central Readers' Board, from [1912]; Honorary Secretary to the Readers' Board for the Diocese of London, from 1912. Publications: A Brief History of Readers and their Work in the Diocese of London, 1866-1926 (The Author, London, 1927); A History of the Reader Movement- "Lay Readers" in the Church of England (Parrett & Neves, Chatham, 1932); The Glorious Ministry of the Laity, in the early days of the Christian Church (Parrett & Neves, Chatham, 1936); The History of Acolytes and Servers and of what they have done for the Church down the centuries (Parrett & Neves, Chatham, 1938).
Mary Winifred Addison trained at King's College Hospital, London, 1928-1931, (gaining General Nursing Council registration 1932) and subsequently served as a Sister there. On the outbreak of war, she became Sister Tutor to the Nurses Training Centre in Oxford, and during this time taught first aid to Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent (1906-1968).
Emma Durham was born c.1848. She trained as a nurse at King's College Hospital (KCH), 1872-1875, residing at St John's House, Norfolk St, Strand.
Durham joined the Universities Mission to Central Africa, travelling to Zanzibar to inaugurate the first hospital there. She also nursed in Egypt, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Switzerland, Russia and America. She was a foundation member of the KCH Nurses League, 1924. Durham died at KCH, 31 Oct 1936, aged 89.
Emma had two elder sisters, one of which was Eliza Durham, who also trained as nurses. Publications: Recollections of a Nurse, Macmillan & Co.: London, 1889.
Irene Rose Hasler trained as a nurse at King's College Hospital from 1929-1931, gaining General Nursing Council registration in 1931.
Phillips trained as a nurse at King's College Hospital, 1914-1917, gaining General Nursing Council registration in 1922.
Margaret Purkis trained as a nurse at King's College Hospital, 1927-1930, gaining General Nursing Council registration, Nov 1930.
Rampton entered King's College Hospital. London, for nurse training, Aug 1939, having some previous experience as a probationer nurse at Paddington Green Convalescent Home.
Mrs Rogers, was the widow of an employee at King's College Hospital, and mother of Frank Rogers, also an employee of King's College Hospital.
M K Blyde was born at Hitchin, Hertfordshire, 30 March 1891. She served with distinction in the Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) during World War One, and was mentioned in dispatches and awarded the Royal Red Cross (Second Class) (ARRC).
She trained as a nurse at King's College Hospital between 1919-1922 (gaining General Nursing Council registration in 1923), and on completion was appointed Sister of Fisk and Cheere Ward and Aural Theatre. She was known as Sister Mercia. Blyde worked as Assistant Matron at Norwich Hospital; Matron of West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds. In 1937 she was appointed Sister Matron at King's College Hospital 1937, a post which she held until 1947.
She also served on the Nursing Advisory Board and Selection Committee of the Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service; Executive Committee of the Association of Hospital Matrons and of the Joint Committee of Headmistresses and Hospital Matrons; and President of the King's College Hospital Nurses' League.
Blyde was a member of the Voluntary Nursing Advisory Board to His Majesty's Prison Commissioners; Chairman of the Ladies Committee of the 1930 Fund; the Selection Board of the Overseas' Nursing Association' Council and House Committee of the Cowdray Club; and the Nursing Advisory Committee to the British Red Cross Society. As well, she was a member of the Executive Committee of the National Council of Nurses of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the Committee of Management of the St Mary's Convalescent Home for Diabetics, Birchington-on-Sea; and Mrs Coward's Trained Nurses Co-operative Institute Committee.
She died in 1980.
Buffard trained at The Queen's Hospital for Children, Hackney, 1908-1911, and King's College Hospital, 1911-1914, and obtained General Nursing Council registration in 1922. She joined the Territorial Army Nursing Service, serving in Malta, and France and Germany during World War One. After the war, she returned to work at King's College Hospital. She died on 14 Nov 1984.
The Sisterhood of St John the Divine - an Anglican Sisterhood developed in close association with King's College Hospital, London. It was modelled on the Lutheran Order of Deaconesses of Kaiserwerth, Prussia.
In 1883, the Sisterhood obtained a lease of some small houses in Cressingham Rd, Lewisham - the first St John's Hospital, Lewisham. A year later, this building was turned into a district home, and a new hospital was opened at Montague Place, Poplar (finally closed in 1889). Shortly afterwards, this was replaced by the former All Saints' Boys' Orphanage on Morden Hill, Blackheath. Originally named St Stephen's Hospital for Women and Children, this was opened in 1886 as St John's Hospital for Men and Women, and was the location of the Sisters' new training school for nurses.
In 1897 an anonymous donation led to the building of a new ward block, opened in 1900, and the old house became the nurses home. St John's Hospital received a number of grants from 1907 onwards from the King Edward's and Hospital Sunday Funds. In 1911, the Borough of Lewisham contributed £600 for the establishment of a small X-ray Department and a Bacteriological Laboratory. In 1913, the hospital had 46 beds. It was incorporated in 1921 under the Companies Act, and the Sisterhood retained the right to nominate two-sixths of the Governors, and the freehold was also purchased around the same time. In 1923, the hospital expanded to 102 beds. Due to a lack of recruits from the Sisterhood, it formed its own nurse training school. On 21 Dec 1923, the Community of St John the Divine resigned all their rights and duties in the hospital, however the traditional uniform and badge continued to be worn until the introduction of the NHS in 1948. Student nurses appear to have served in the wards of Hither Green Hospital as well as St John's during their training. St John's Hospital closed in 1979.
Cholera was endemic in London during the nineteenth century, and epidemics were a regular feature of life. The first outbreak of Asiatic cholera in Britain was at Sunderland on the Durham coast during the Autumn of 1831. From there the disease made its way northward into Scotland and southward toward London, claiming 52,000 lives.
In 1842 the Governors of St Thomas's Hospital stepped in to rationalise and improve the medical school's status, taking responsibility for the management of the school until 1858. The School's finances and administration was radically re-organised. A medical school fund was established and administered by the Hospital Treasurer to pay for the general running costs of the school, including the salaries of the non-teaching staff. A Medical School Committee was created to govern the school, appoint lecturers and oversee expenditure. The first Dean, Dr Henry Burton, was appointed in 1849, and the School began to take on a formal corporate identity. In 1858, management of the school was restored to the physicians and surgeons and in 1860 to the teaching staff, as the school had become self-financing. With the establishment of the National Health Service the medical school became a separate corporate body in 1948 and one of the general medical schools of the University of London.
Henry Cline: born, London, 1750; educated, Merchant Taylors' School; apprenticed to Mr Thomas Smith, surgeon to St Thomas's Hospital, 1767; diploma from Surgeons' Hall, 1774; Lecturer on anatomy, St Thomas's Hospital, 1781-1811; Surgeon, St Thomas's Hospital, 1784-1811; examiner at the College of Surgeons, 1810; master of the College of Surgeons, 1815, president, 1823; delivered the Hunterian oration, 1816, 1824; died, 1827.
Publications: On the Form of Animals (Bulmer & Co, London, 1805).
The papers comprise a miscellany of correspondence collected by and donated to St Thomas's Hospital Medical School Library. Letters relating to St Thomas's Hospital Choir, deposited at St Thomas' Hospital Library, by Dr H J Wallace, 1977.
Percy Croad Brett of West Hampstead was a medical student, probably at St Mary's Hospital Paddington.
John Ernest Frazer was born, London, 1870; educated at Dulwich College; trained at St Bartholomew's Hospital; worked in London and provincial hospitals; health injured by post-mortem wound; took up anatomy as speciality, 1900; Demonstrator, St George's Hospital; transferred to King's College Hospital, 1905; Lecturer, St Mary's Hospital, 1911; acted as Out Patient Surgeon during World War One; Professor of Anatomy, University of London, 1914-1941; Hunterian Professor, Royal College of Surgeons, 1915-1916; Harveian Lecturer, 1924; Member of Council and President, Anatomical Society; Examiner, Universities of London, Durham, Oxford, and Cambridge; Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons; Professor Emeritus, University of London, 1942; died, 1946.
Publications: The Anatomy of the Human Skeleton (J & A Churchill, London, 1914); Buchanan's Dissection Guide with Edward Barclay-Smith and R H Robbins (Bailliere & Co, London, 1930); A Manual of Embryology (Bailliere & Co, London, 1931); Manual of Practical Anatomy with Reginald Henry Robbins 2 volumes (Bailliere & Co, London, 1937); Buchanan's manual of anatomy including embryology sixth edition edited by J E Frazer (Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, London, 1937); numerous papers, mainly Embryological in Journal of Anatomy and other Journals.
Born, Hamilton, Lanarkshire, 1710; educated, Glasgow University, and became pupil of a physician; surgeon to a merchant ship, 1729; apothecary's assistant, London; practiced at Auchinlee, near Hamilton, 1731-1732; student, Edinburgh Medical School, 1734-1736; practiced as a surgeon in Hamilton, 1736-1744; chief magistrate of Hamilton, 1739-1740; graduated MD, Glasgow, 1740; practiced in Glasgow, 1744-; founded a medical school, lecturing on medicine and several other subjects; made some discoveries on the evolution of heat in chemical combinations and the cooling of solutions; Professor of Medicine, Glasgow University, 1751; joint Professor of Chemistry, Edinburgh University; began to give clinical lectures in the infirmary, 1757; delivered a course of lectures on materia medica, continuing his chemistry course, 1760-1761; Professor of the 'Institutes' or theory of physic, Edinburgh University, 1766-1773; lectured in alternate years on the theory and the practice of medicine with John Gregory; Professor of the Practice of Physic, Edinburgh University, 1773-1789; President, Edinburgh College of Physicians, 1773-1775; helped prepare the new edition of the 'Edinburgh Pharmacopeia', 1774; foreign associate of the Royal Society of Medicine at Paris, 1776; Fellow, Royal Society of London, 1777; died, 1790.
Publications include: Lectures on the Materia Medica, etc (T Lowndes, London, 1773); A Letter to Lord Cathcart ... concerning the recovery of persons drowned and seemingly dead (J Murray, London, 1776); Of the Cold produced by evaporating Fluids, and of some other means of producing cold (1777); Institutions of Medicine. Part I. Physiology. For the use of students in the University of Edinburgh Second edition (W Creech, Edinburgh, 1677 [1777]); First Lines of the Practice of Physic, for the use of students in the University of Edinburgh Second edition 4 volumes (William Creech, Edinburgh, 1778-1784); The Substance of Nine Lectures on Vegetation and Agriculture, delivered to a private audience in the year 1768 (1796); Clinical Lectures delivered in the years 1765 and 1766 (Lee & Hurst, London, 1797); Nosology: or, a Systematic arrangement of diseases, by classes, orders, genera, and species; with the distinguishing characters of each, and outlines of the systems of Sauvages, Linnæus, Vogel, Sagar, and Macbride. Translated from the Latin of W Cullen (William Creech, Edinburgh, 1800); The Works of William Cullen ... Containing his Physiology, Nosology and First Lines of the Practice of Physic: with numerous extracts from his manuscript papers, and from his Treatise of the Materia Medica Edited by John Thomson 2 volumes (William Blackwood, Edinburgh; T & G Underwood, London, 1827).
Unknown. Thought to have been the St Thoma's Hospital Medical School Librarian.
Born, Bakewll, Derbyshire, 1733; educated at Bakewell grammar school; studied medicine at St George's Hospital, London from 1853; surgeon's mate in the navy, surgeon, 1757; attached to the ship Edgar to 1763; continued his medical studies, attending the lectures on midwifery of Dr Smellie; graduated MD, Aberdeen, 1764; began practice as a physician, Winchester; surgeon to a royal yacht; lectured on midwifery, and continued to do so for fifteen years; physician accoucheur to the Middlesex Hospital, 1769-1783; licentiate in midwifery, College of Physicians, 1783; moved to Feltham, Middlesex, 1791 and reduced his practice; made the practice of inducing premature labour in cases of narrow pelvis and other conditions general in England; died, London, 1815.
Publications include: Essays on the Puerperal Fever, and on puerperal convulsions (J Walter, London, 1768); A Letter to Dr. Richard Huck, on the construction and method of using vapor baths [London, 1768]; Aphorisms, respecting the distinction and management of preternatural presentations [London, c 1780]; Directions for the application of the forceps [London, c 1780]; An Essay on Uterine Hemorrhages depending on Pregnancy and Parturition (J Johnson, London, 1785); An Essay on Difficult Labours (J. Johnson, London, 1787-1791); An Essay on Natural Labours (J Johnson, [London,] 1786); An Essay on Preternatural Labours (J Johnson, London, 1786); A Collection of Engravings, tending to illustrate the generation and parturition of animals, and of the human species (J Johnson, London, 1787); An Introduction to the Practice of Midwifery (J Johnson, London, 1794, 95); Observations on the Cure of Cancer (J Johnson, London, 1810).
John Hulbert was a pupil at St Thomas's Hospital,London, entered Oct 1807.
Lee attended St Thomas's Hospital Medical School, 1939-1944. He was awarded MD London, FRCP, MB, BS. He also workrd at John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford and Oxford District Health Authority.
Miss E M McInness, BA, Archivist to St Thomas's Hospital, London.
Publications: St Thomas Hospital, Special Trustees for St Thomas's Hospital London, 1963.
Born, London, 1714; educated, educated privately at 'Darne' (Darenth), Kent; apprentice to Edward Nourse, assistant-surgeon at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1729-1736; admitted to the Barber-Surgeons' Company, 1736; lecturer on anatomy, 1753, master, 1765, Corporation of Surgeons; assistant-surgeon, 1744, surgeon, 1749, senior surgeon, 1765-1787, St Bartholomew's Hospital; introduced many improvements to surgery; became the leading surgeon of his time, and perhaps the earliest 'modern' surgeon; thrown from his horse, and suffered a compound fracture of the leg, 1756, that type of fracture becoming known as a 'Pott's fracture'; fellow of the Royal Society, 1764; instituted a course of lectures for the pupils at St Bartholomew's Hospital, 1765; honorary fellow, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, 1786; honorary member, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 1787; Governor, St Bartholomew's Hospital, 1787; died, 1788.
Publications include: A Treatise on Ruptures (C Hitch & L Hawes, London, 1756); An Account of a particular kind of Rupture, frequently attendant upon children, and sometimes met with in adults; viz. that in which the intestine, or omentum, is found in the same cavity, and in contact with the testicle (London, 1757); Observations on that Disorder of the Corner of the Eye, commonly called Fistula Lachrymalis second edition (L Hawes & Co, London, 1763); Remarks on the disease commonly called a fistula in ano (L Hawes, London, 1765); A Treatise on the Hydrocele, or Watry Rupture, and other Diseases of the Testicle second edition (L Hawes, London, 1767); Observations on the nature and consequences of those injuries to which the head is liable from external violence, etc (L Hawes, London, 1768); Some few General Remarks on Fractures and Dislocations second edition (L Hawes, London, 1773); Chirurgical Observations relative to the Cataract, the polypus of the nose, the cancer of the scrotum, ... ruptures, and the mortification of the toes, etc (London, 1775); The Chirurgical Works of Percival Pott (London, 1775); Farther Remarks on the useless state of the lower limbs in consequence of a Curvature of the Spine, being a supplement to a former treatise on that subject (London, 1782); Observations on Chimney Sweeper's Cancer [London, 1810?].
Born, West Norwood, 1860; educated; Dulwich College, St Thomas's Hospital, London; graduated Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, University of London, 1885; Surgeon for Diseases of the Throat, and Lecturer and Demonstrator of Anatomy, St Thomas's Hospital; Hunterian Professor of Surgery and Pathology at the Royal College of Surgeons, England, giving lectures on diseases of the breast, 1892; Examiner in Surgery, Universities of London and Manchester; Surgeon and Lecturer on Surgery and Teacher of Operative Surgery, St Thomas' Hospital; Consulting Surgeon, East London Hospital for Children, Shadwel; Consulting Surgeon, Children's Hospital, Plaistow; Major, Royal Army Medical Corps (Territorial Force); died, 1918.
Publications include: St Thomas' Hospital Surgeons and the Practice of their Art in the Past; papers relating to surgery and diseases of the throat in medical periodicals.
Thomas Smart, entered St Thomas's Hospital as a pupil, Feb 1786. He practiced in London, and then Cheshunt until he retired in 1830. He died in Tottenham in 1845.
Henry Cline: born, London, 1750; educated, Merchant Taylors' School; apprenticed to Mr Thomas Smith, surgeon to St Thomas's Hospital, 1767; diploma from Surgeons' Hall, 1774; Lecturer on anatomy, St Thomas's Hospital, 1781-1811; Surgeon, St Thomas's Hospital, 1784-1811; examiner at the College of Surgeons, 1810; master of the College of Surgeons, 1815, president, 1823; delivered the Hunterian oration, 1816, 1824; died, 1827.
Publications: On the Form of Animals (Bulmer & Co, London, 1805).
C W Bartley, MA , DM Oxon, MD, FRCP London, Hon Consulting Physician, St Thomas's Hospital, formerly consultant Physician Lambeth Hospital and the Bolingbroke Hospital.
Alicia Still was the daughter of Henry Lloyd Still, Ceylon Civil Service, of Walton by Clevedon, Somerset. She was educated at home, and at the Nightingale Training School, St Thomas's Hospital.
Still was appointed as Sister, St Thomas's Hospital; Matron, Brompton Hospital; Matron, Middlesex Hospital; Matron St Thomas's Hospital and Superintendent Nightingale Training School, St Thomas's Hospital, 1913-1937.
She was also a Member of Queen Alexandra's Army Nursing Board and Imperial Nursing Service Committee; President Association of Hospital Matrons, 1919-1937; President International Council of Nurses, 1933-1937; President Florence Nightingale International Memorial Foundation and Chairman of Committee of Management, 1934-1939; Vice-President National Florence Nightingale Memorial Committee and member of Executive Committee; International Florence Nightingale Medal, 1933, of the League of Red Cross Societies.
Created DBE, 1934; CBE 1917; RRC; Lady of Grace of Order of Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in England.
She died 23 July 1944.
William Sturton became a licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries, London, 1832; and a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, England, 1838.
Edward Hyde (1609-1674) was a member of the Short Parliament (April-May 1640), called to finance Charles I's war against Scotland, and the Long Parliament, which opposed Charles during the Civil War. Hyde worked behind the scenes as an adviser of the crown, recommending moderate measures, but was thwarted, however, when Charles I attempted to arrest five members of Parliament in Jan 1642. Joining Charles I at York in May 1642, Hyde became a member of the Royalist council of war, though he never participated in the ensuing conflict. He remained moderate in his views, and, as Chancellor of the Exchequer and a Privy Councillor, tried to reduce the influence of the military leaders and mediate between the two sides. He was appointed guardian to the Prince of Wales (later King Charles II) in 1645 and removed from active political office. Following the death of Oliver Cromwell in 1658, Hyde (appointed Chancellor that year), answered the overtures of the Presbyterians for a restoration of the monarchy in the Declaration of Breda (1660). As Lord Chancellor of the new Parliament, he unsuccessfully pressed for the disbanding of the army, religious tolerance, and a lack of royalist vengeance. Hyde was created Earl of Clarendon in 1661, and became linked more closely to the Royal family upon his daughter Anne's marriage to James, Duke of York. In Aug 1667, Clarendon, used as a scapegoat for the disastrous Anglo-Dutch War of 1665, was dismissed from the House of Commons and impeached. He spent the remainder of his life in exile in France, and died there in 1674.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
The British Linen Company was incorporated by Royal Charter on 5 Jul 1746, 'to do everything that may conduce to the promoting and carrying on' the manufacture of linen.
In 1846 the council unanimously agreed to petition Parliament for the formation of a public water supply company - the Edinburgh and Leith Water Company - in order to ensure an adequate supply of water to the inhabitants. The situation was so bad that people were talking about water famine. During 1850 the first water pipes were laid not by a new water company as the council had initially wanted, but by the Edinburgh Water Company. The first water began to flow in January of 1847.
No information was discovered at the time of compilation.
The Committee of Plundered Ministers was set up by the Puritan party in 1643, during the English Civil War, for the purpose of replacing those clergy who were loyal to the King. THese displaced clergy were described as 'scandalous', though this mainly related to their political and theological views. The Committee heard evidence, often from local parishioners, of the misdeeds of the parish priest. If the allegations were proved, the rector would be removed from his position, and his goods and monies sequestrated.
Dr Henry Watkins was the Rector of Sutton-upon-Brailes, Gloucestershire (transferred to the county of Warwickshire in 1844).
The River Medway is Kent's premier river, rising in the Ashdown Forest in East Sussex and flowing roughly in a north easterly direction for some 70 miles through Kent to its mouth in the Thames estuary at Sheerness. It is tidal up to the lock at Allington, near Maidstone, and is navigable as far as Tonbridge. The first Act Of Parliament enabling a navigation on the Medway was in 1664 and the last was in 1884, the purpose of the Navigation being to facilitate trade.
Malachy Postlethwayt was born c 1707. He spent twenty years compiling The Universal Dictionary of Trade and Commerce, 1751-1774. Between 1745 and 1758 Postlethwayt published other works on trade and commerce, including The African Trade the Great Pillar and Support of the British Plantation Trade in America, 1745 and Considerations on the Revival of Royal-British Assiento, 1749. Postlethwayt died in London on 13 September 1767.
The building of Cobham College was completed in 1598 on the site of a chantry of five chaplains in the church of Cobham, founded by John de Cobham, 1362. The college survives today in the form of almshouses.
Herbert Somerton Foxwell (1849-1936) was born and grew up in Shepton Mallet in the Mendip Hills in Somerset, where his father had a business as an ironmonger and slate and timber merchant. At the age of 12 he went to the Wesleyan Collegiate Institute (later Queen's College), Taunton. He passed the London matriculation examination at the minimum age, and obtained the London External B.A. degree when only 18 years of age. He went to Saint John's, Cambridge, in 1868, where he was made a Fellow in 1874. He was associated with Saint John's for the rest of his life, holding his College lectureship for sixty years.
Cambridge was Foxwell's University, but his work in London was even more extensive and continued from 1876 to 1927. He succeeded his friend Stanley Jevons to the Chair of Economics at University College, London in May 1881 - an appointment he held until 1927. He became Newmarch Lecturer in statistics at University College and lecturer on currency and banking from 1896 at the newly founded London School of Economics. In 1907 he became, jointly with Edward Cannan, the first Professor of Political Economy at the University. His last appointment, which ended in 1931, was as external examiner of the University of Wales.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
During the late Middle Ages, the Book of Hours developed as a popular devotional text for the laity, who would recite the particular prayer for the hour of the day and time of year according to the ecclesiastical calendar. The accompanying illuminations and miniatures of saints, the Virgin Mary, and Christ provided an opportunity for spiritual reflection and prayer for salvation.
No information was discovered at the time of compilation.
No information was discovered at the time of compilation.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Sir Guilford Lindsey Molesworth (1828-1925) was a prolific writer, and published works on politics, economics, decimal and metric measurements and engineering. He published Molesworth's textbook of bi-metallism (E & F N Spon, London) in 1886.
Sir Robert Giffen (1837-1910) was an economist and statistician who published The case against Bimetallism (G Bell and Sons, London) in 1892. Bi-metallism involved the coining of both silver and gold and making them legal tender at a fixed ratio.
The Hapsburg family dominated Europe for over 700 years. They were hereditary Archdukes of Austria from 1270 to 1918, and the head of the family was, with only one exception, elected Holy Roman Emperor from 1438 to 1806.
The Court of King's Bench was formerly one of the superior courts of common law in England. King's, or Queen's, Bench was so called because it descended from the English court held coram rege ("before the monarch") and thus traveled wherever the king went. King's Bench heard cases that concerned the sovereign or cases affecting great persons privileged to be tried only before him. It could also correct the errors and defaults of all other courts, and, after the close of the civil wars of Henry III's reign (1216-72), it mainly tried criminal or quasi-criminal cases. In 1268 it obtained its own chief justice, but only very gradually did it lose its close connections with the king and become a separate court of common law. The Court of King's Bench exercised a supreme and general jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases as well as special jurisdiction over the other superior common-law courts until 1830.
William Hewitt was born in Coventry in 1719. In 1767 Hewitt was appointed a Commissioner 'for the sale and disposal of lands in the Ceded Islands in the West Indies' (Grenada, the Grenadines, St. Vincent, Dominica and Tobago), and also held several minor appointments such as Customs officer and aide-de-camp. The work of the Commission terminated in 1771 and Hewitt returned to England. However, in 1776 he was appointed Commissioner 'for adjusting the differences that have arisen or may arise in respect to sales and leases of lands in the islands of Grenada, the Grenadines, St. Vincent, Dominica and Tobago,' although he did not receive his salary or expenses for the period 1776 to 1781. He lost his estates on Dominica when the island fell to the French in 1778, and having been involved adversely in several bankruptcies, he left considerable debts. He died in St. Eustatius on 16 May 1781.
Mention of the Newton Family in Barbados dates back to 1654 when one Samuel Newton is recorded and who was, by the time of his death, a substantial landowner. The family estate passed through several generations of Newtons until finally being inherited by the brothers John and Thomas Lane sometime after the death of John Newton in 1783.