Derek Richter was a Neurochemist, responsible for the discovery of monoamine oxidase. After studying chemistry at Oxford, and holding various research posts in Oxford and London, Richter was appointed Director of the Neuropsychiatric Research Centre at Whitchurch Hospital, Cardiff, in 1947. The Research Centre was funded jointly by the MRC and the Rockefeller Foundation until 1957, when it was taken over by the MRC. In 1960 it moved to Carshalton, Surrey. Richter served on the Central Council of the International Brain Research Organisation and as Secretary General 1972-1977. He was instrumental in establishing the Mental Health Research Fund in 1949, the Journal of Neurochemistry in 1956, the Brain Research Association in 1968, and the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Group for Biological Psychiatry in 1977.
Twort went into research shortly after he qualified in medicine in 1900. In 1909 he was appointed Superintendent of the Brown Institution in South London, a post he held until the building was destroyed during the Blitz in 1944, apart from a period of service in Salonika at the Base Laboratories during World War I. In 1929 he was elected FRS and in 1931 the title of Professor of Bacteriology was conferred on him by the University of London. He did important work on the bacteriophage and was involved in controversy with Félix d'Hérelle over priority in research findings. Twort's research interests were wide and included developing improved wireless reception and work on removing impurities in latex. Described in an obituary as an 'erratic genius' he was no stranger to controversy, criticising his military superiors during his war service and initiating a legal case against the Medical Research Council when they terminated their funding to the Brown Institution. Details of a biography of Twort by his son are given below.
Educated Westminster School and Pembroke College Oxford; Following clinical course at London Hospital, graduated BM, BCh Joins Emergency Public Health Laboratory Service, Oxford, 1939; Transferred to National Institute of Medical Research, Hampstead, working on vaccine against scrub typhus, 1942. DM, 1945; Appointed to readership in bacteriology at LSHTM, 1949; Appointed to Chair of virology, LSHTM, 1959; Elected FRCPath, 1967. Died unexpectedly on 27 Dec 1971 following a year or so of ill-health. Further details may be found in obituary notices in the British Medical Journal, 1972, I, p. 116, 317, and The Lancet 1972, I, 155
Sidney Chave began his career at the LSHTM as a lab boy in the Department of Chemistry as Applied to Hygiene in 1929, the year the School was formally opened. During the Second World War he was seconded to the (Emergency) Public Health Laboratory Service. In 1946 he returned to the School and was promoted to Senior Technician.
During the following years he studied at Birkbeck College for an Honours Degree in Psychology, which was awarded in 1951. The next year Chave was appointed to the academic staff of the School in the Department of Public Health. For his PhD he undertook a study of mental health in Harlow New Town, which was published, (jointly with Lord Taylor), as Mental Health and Environment in 1964.
In 1969 Chave was promoted to Senior Lecturer in the Department of Community Health (as the Department of Public Health had become). He retired from the LSHTM in 1979 with the accolade of Emeritus Senior Lecturer as well as being awarded a special silver medal for his fifty years of service to the School.
In 1977 he received the Queen's Jubilee Medal. Among other distinctions he gave the 1979 Monkton Copeman Lecture of the Society of Apothecaries and the Inaugural Duncan Memorial Lecture at Liverpool in 1983. He was a founder of the Society for the Social History of Medicine (1969) and its President in 1975 as well as holding other offices. These papers reflect his interests in public health and in its history.
The posthumous volume Recalling the Medical Officer of Health: Writings by Sidney Chave edited by M Warren and H Francis, was published in 1987 by the King's Fund Centre. It includes a biographical memoir.
John A.V. Bates was born on 24 August 1918. He was educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge and went on to clinical training at University College Hospital, London. During the Second World War he worked on visual tracking in gunnery and control design in tanks under the auspices of the Ministry of Supply. In 1946 he joined the External Scientific Staff of the Medical Research Council based at the Neurological Research Unit at the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, London, where he worked until retirement in 1978. Bates also served as Honorary Consultant Physician to the Department of Applied Electrophysiology at the Hospital.
Bates was a leader in the field of neurophysiology. At the end of the Second World War, using home-made equipment from surplus electronic parts, Bates developed specialised equipment for brain stimulation and recording. He studied the human electroencephalogram (EEG) in research into voluntary movement, a term he may have coined. He went on to study the neurological effects of hemispherectomy and later collaborated with Irving Cooper and Purdon Martin on research into Parkinson's Disease, with work on human postural and balance mechanisms.
Bates founded the Ratio Club, a small informal dining club of young physiologists, mathematicians and engineers who met to discuss issues in cybernetics. The idea of the club arose from a Society of Experimental Biology Symposium on Animal Behaviour held in Cambridge, July 1949. The initial membership was W.R. Ashby, H. Barlow, G.D. Dawson, T. Gold, W.E. Hick, D.M. MacKay, T. McLardy, P.A. Merton, J.W.S. Pringle, H. Shipton, D.A. Sholl, A.M. Uttley, W.G. Walter and J. Westcott. A.M. Turing joined after the first meeting and other other members included I.J. Good, P.A. Woodward and W.H.A. Rushton. The Club continued in being until 1958. Bates acted as Secretary and retained many of its historical records.
Bates was a member of the Physiological Society from 1949, and a member of the Electroencephalography Society (now the British Society for Clinical Neurophysiology), serving as President 1976-1978, and the Association of British Neurologists. He died on 16 July 1993.
For accounts of Hamerton's life and career, see Who Was Who, Drew's Medical Officers in British Army Services, 1660-1960 Vol II, obituaries in the British Medical Journal and the Lancet.
Hideyo Noguchi was an American-based Japanese bacteriologist who discovered the agent of syphilis in 1911.
Born in 1855; educated at Durham School and at St Bartholomew's Hospital, 1879; served in South Africa as Senior Surgeon, Portland Hospital, Bloemfontein, 1899-1900; Maj, 1908-1914 and Lt Col, 1 London General Hospital, Royal Army Medical Corps, 1914-1919; civilian member of Army Medical Advisory Board, [1913]-1918; served in Army Medical Service, 1914-1919; British Red Cross Society representative on the Technical Reserve Advisory Committee on Voluntary Aid, 1914-1920; member of honorary consulting staff of Royal Army Medical College, Queen Alexandra Military Hospital, 1914-1920; served on British Red Cross Society Executive Committee, 1917-1920; honorary Maj Gen, Royal Army Medical Corps, 1920; died in 1929.
In 1745 a split in the Company of Barber-Surgeons [est. 1540] led to the formation of The Company of Surgeons. The Company of Surgeons obtained a Royal Charter in 1800 and became the Royal College of Surgeons of London. A new charter in 1843 led to the current name The Royal College of Surgeons of England.
Dame Janet had a distinguished career in medicine during the interwar years, developing a standard treatment by liver for pernicious anaemia, and was a pioneer of the wartime Blood Transfusion Service, following her experiences in this field during the Spanish Civil War. She was also part of the team providing experimental food supplements to Belsen shortly after its liberation. Both these aspects of her career are reflected in these files. In 1945 she was elected Principal of Somerville College and continued to have an active career both as a scientist, working on the biological effects of nuclear radiation, and as an administrator. She was a persistent campaigner for equal pay and status for women.
Dr John Glyn, MA, MD, MRCP, DPhysMed.
The pharmacy in Fulham Road was purchased in 1942 by Dr Sheridan's father, Anthony M Sheridan, which he sold in 1988, and which now trades under the name CE Harrod. When Mr Sheridan purchased the pharmacy it was situated at 273 Fulham Road, but during the 1970s he swapped premises with an optical practice he had purchased at 307 Fulham Road.
Professor of Clinical Anatomy, University College London, 1931-1934, and Professor of Anatomy at Cambridge University, 1934-1951. For further details of career see obituaries in The Lancet and British Medical Journal.
Mary Ann Dacomb Scharlieb (née Bird) was one of the first generation of British women doctors, from the first class of students at the London School of Medicine for Women. She was at that time already married and a mother, her husband being a barrister in Madras. Scharlieb's initial aim in acquiring a medical education (she had already obtained medical qualification at the Madras Medical School) was in order to alleviate the sufferings of purdah women in India who could not be treated by male doctors, by bringing them the benefits of modern western medicine in place of native midwives. Returning to London in 1887 on health grounds, she had a long and distinguished career, recognised as being an accomplished gynaecological surgeon, and took part in public life: for example, she sat on the Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases 1913-1916 and was a pillar of the Social Purity movement. Her son Herbert also became a doctor, specialising in anaesthesia.
The European Collaborative Hospitals (from 1983, Health Services) Survey came into being as a result of a suggestion by Professor R Logan of the LSHTM at the bi-annual meeting of the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region in 1977, that the time was appropriate for a joint research project comparing the input and outcome of Health Services in different European centres. An initial 8 centres were involved: Limerick, Eire; Colchester, Great Britain; Londonderry, Northern Ireland; Uelzen, Germany; Viana do Castello, Portugal; Mostar, Yugoslavia; Mikkeli, Finland; and Nor Trondelag, Norway. Norway and Northern Ireland subsequently dropped out (in 1979 and 1983 respectively) but Almelo (The Netherlands) and Skovde (Sweden) were added in 1979 and 1982. The project was to consist of a small fairly informal network meeting in regular workshops with no formal funding structure. From 1980 until 1992 regular spring and autumn workshops were held at the various centres. Some short-term and conference funding was obtained from the WHO and the EEC but no regular source of funds was forthcoming and the final workshop was held in 1992. A brief chronology of the activities of ECHSS follows on page 2.
Dr Pearce was born in Edinburgh, 1905; educated at George Watson's College and the University of Edinburgh; Physician-in-Charge, Department of Psychiatry, St Mary's Hospital, Paddington; the Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children; and the Royal Masonic Hospital; Medical Director of the Portman Clinic and Institute for the Study and Treatment of Delinquency; member, officer and advisor to many committees on delinquency and children's welfare, and was an examiner for the Royal Colleges in Edinburgh and elsewhere; died, 1994.
Letitia Fairfield (eldest sister of the novelist Rebecca West) qualified in medicine in 1907. She had a distinguished career in public health, as Senior Medical Officer to the London County Council, 1911-1948, and as a medical officer during both world wars, in the Queen Mary's Auxiliary Army Corps and the RAF in World War I, and the RAMC in the Second World War, retiring with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. Obituaries may be found in the British Medical Journal and the Lancet for 1978 and an Appreciation in Women in Medicine: the newsletter of the Medical Women's Federation no. 10, Apr 1978. Obituaries and memoirs of Dr Fairfield may be found in GC/193/A.19
O'Dell's Phrenological Institution was founded in 1868, established in London in 1879 and was located at Ludgate Circus and in East Sheen at the the time this item was published.
Dr Leigh Perry Ashton (b 1908) qualified in medicine at Bristol in 1931 and worked as a medical missionary in Kenya from 1934 until 1964, apart from Second World War service with the King's African Rifles. In September 1945 he was Medical Officer at Maseno Church Missionary Society Hospital in western Kenya, where he treated 244 cases of smallpox in three months. This report records his observations and conclusions.
Sir Francis Avery Jones was known amongst his contemporaries as the "Father of Modern Gastroenterology". Born in Briton Ferry, Carmarthenshire on 31st May 1910, he graduated from St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical school in 1934, and received his MD and MRCP in 1936. In 1940 he became Consulting Physician and Gastroenterologist at Central Middlesex Hospital, London, remaining in this position until 1974. Other positions of note include: Honorary Consulting Gastroenterologist at St Mark's Hospital, London, Emeritus Consultant in Gastroenterology to the Royal Navy and Honorary Consultant Physician at St Bartholomew's, London. Avery Jones was a pioneer in the development of the modern approach to the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, publishing a series of important papers on the subject in association with Richard Doll. Doll and Avery Jones identified a number of factors which accelerated the healing of peptic ulcers, including bed rest, cessation of smoking and use of the drug carbenoxolene.
Throughout his illustrious career, Avery Jones was actively involved with a number of medical societies, presiding over several, including the British Society of Gastroenterology, the British Digestive Foundation and the Medical Artists Association. Further honours and appointments include a seat on the council of the University Of Surrey; the presidency and gold medal of The Medical Society of London; the vice presidency and gold medal of the Royal College of Physicians; and the Mastership of the Worshipful Company of Barbers, for whom he also held the title of Barber Emeritus. He was made a CBE in 1967 and knighted in 1970. Avery Jones was a strong supporter and constructive critic of the NHS, and his many achievements include setting up the Meals on Wheels service, his involvement in the King's Fund (a medical think tank), and his strong support for nutritional studies. He was also responsible for galvanising his colleagues into official action on cigarette smoking. Towards the end of his career he arranged for the funding and building of the Avery Jones Postgraduate Medical Centre at Central Middlesex Hospital. He died in May 1998 in Chichester, West Sussex.
Rowland Hill was consulting neurologist and physician to the West End Hospital for Nervous Diseases, London. During the 1939-1945 war he was a medical specialist in the Royal Army Medical Corps serving in Africa. He attained the rank of Major, relinquishing his commission in 1942 and subsequently was deputy regional adviser in medicine in the Emergency Medical Service (EMS). He played an active role in the medico-political discussions concerning the National Health Service and was elected Vice-President of the BMA in 1966 in recognition of his services.
This hospital was set up in the early days of the First World War for the reception of wounded soldiers. It was one of the first auxiliary hospitals to be established under the auspices of the Voluntary Aid Detatchment of the British Red Cross. There is a history of the hospital by 'The Commandant' (C J S Thompson): "The Story of 'Holmleigh' Auxiliary Military Hospital, Harrow-on-the-Hill, 1914-1919".
Charles John S. Thompson (d.1943) was the first Curator of the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum and the author of numerous works on medical history. See Who Was Who Vol IV for details of his career.
Herbert Davies Chalke worked as a Medical Officer of Health (MOH) in North Wales, Dorset, Hampstead and Camberwell from 1930-1963, and was in charge of the 1933 investigation into tuberculosis in South Wales. During the Second World War he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps as Assistant Director of Medical Services to the Allied Forces in North Africa, and Senior Hygiene Officer, Italy. In 1945 returned to his job as MOH in Hampstead. After his retirement in 1963 he became involved in work on alcoholism, and was one of the founders and the first editor of The Bulletin of Alcoholism in 1963.
Sir George Godber pursued a distinguished career in health planning and education, and was closely involved in the establishment of the National Health Service (NHS). After training at the London Hospital and the London School of Hygiene, he became a Medical Officer at the Ministry of Health (MoH) in 1939. According to an interview with Anthony Seldon of the British Library of Political and Economic Science (see GB0121 GC/201/D.2), Godber wanted to work in medicine but did not want to take fees from patients. As he felt certain that there would be a National Health Service, he entered public health medicine in order to get into the MoH which, he presumed, would have the task of organising the NHS.
In the early 1940s Godber undertook a survey of hospitals in the Sheffield and Midlands area as part of a series of MoH regional hospital surveys (see GB0121 GC/201/A.4/1 for his draft survey). This work brought him to the heart of the re-organisation of the hospital side of the future health service. In 1950 he became Deputy Chief Medical Officer, MoH, and from 1960 to 1973 he was Chief Medical Officer at the MoH's successor departments, the Department of Health and Social Security, the Department of Education and Science, and the Home Office. Godber was Chairman of the Health Education Council from 1977 to 1978, and became a Fellow of many organisations, including the American Hospital Association and the American Public Health Association. He was appointed Knight Commander Order of the Bath in 1962, and Knight Grand Cross of the Bath in 1971. He married Norma Hathorne Rainey in 1935.
N E Hains gives as her address in the front of the volume as Ealing, London, but the addresses of her cases numbered 1-54 are in the city of Gloucester and surrounding villages, under the heading 'nursings', and appear to have been delivered in a hospital or maternity home. Cases 46-60 are headed 'Hereford', and all the addresses appear to be in the city, but a note 'transferred to general side' implies that these were also births in a hospital or nursing home. The remaining 192 cases are headed 'Farnham Common, but although cases 61-195 are from streets (presumably in Farnham Common, Bucks.) apart from one case from the nearby village of Hedgerley, cases 196-253 are from more rural addresses including Kingsfold and Warnham, which are villages near Horsham in Sussex. There is also a different set of attending doctors to these latter cases, all of which implies that Miss Hains had moved again.
Vernon Frederick "Sam" Hall (1904-1998) trained at King's College, London, 1922-1927, and stayed at King's College Hospital as house surgeon to Sir Lenthal Cheatle and Junior House Anaesthetist under Alan Cogswell. In 1930 he became consultant anaesthetist at King's College Hospital and later at Southend General Hospital.
On the outbreak of the Second World War he joined the Emergency Medical Service for work at Horton Hospital, and was at King's College Hospital during the Blitz, after which he joined the RAMC and was posted to Ceylon. He was appointed Advisor in Anaesthetics to Eastern Command, and shortly afterwards to Burma and South East Asia Command, ending the war with the rank of brigadier, in full charge of anaesthetics in India as well as for the eastern sector.
From 1946 to 1951 he was Vice-Dean of King's College Hospital Medical School, and from 1951 Dean. He was a member of the University Faculty of Medicine and Chairman of the University Board of Advanced Medical Studies, a founder member of the Royal College of Surgeons Faculty of Anaesthetists (later the Royal College of Anaesthestists), and President of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland.
Sir Robert McCarrison served in the Indian Medical Service 1901-1935, in research apart from active service in the First World War. From 1918 until his retirement in 1935 he worked in a unit, known from 1929 as the Nutrition Research Laboratories, at the Pasteur Institute at Coonoor, one of the smaller hill stations lying in the Doddabetta Ranges of the Blue Mountains, Nilgiri District (now part of the Tamilnadu state), Southern India (The Nilgiris, or Blue Mountains, are famous for their horticulture, coffee and tea plantations, and are inhabited by ancient tribes such as the Todas, Kotas, Kurumbas and Irulus - see C.1).
The Cholera Advisory Committee, headed by Dr Joseph Smadel, Associate Director of the NIH, was established to aid in developing a cholera research project in nations of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO) as a result of the epidemic of cholera in Thailand in 1958. Initially the plan was to set up a research programme in Bangkok for a year, then arrangements would be made to establish a permanent SEATO research laboratory in Dacca, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The laboratory in Bangkok was funded by both the Thai and US governments, and in the event continued until 1970 when it was replaced by a US Army Medical Research Laboratory. This was completely separate from the Pakistan-SEATO Cholera Research Laboratory (PSCRL). The PSCRL remained functioning throughout the war for indepedence in Bangladesh, although most of the US staff were evacuated. The CRL (Pakistan-SEATO was dropped) existed with no status and funding was affected. Negotions with the Governement of Bangladesh could only begin after the US had recognised the Government's independence. In 1978 the CRL became the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Research.
For fuller details of the background and the history of the project, see section E.
This project was entitled 'GP consultations and concepts of illness: Asian women in Bristol', and the questionnaires covered place of origin, diet, exercise and social conditions as well as relations with general practitioner, hospital treatment and factors affecting mental health such as attitudes towards life in Britain. It was originally planned to interview 100 Punjabi-speaking women who had arrived in Bristol as brides from India or Pakistan in the 1960s, asking standard questions to examine concepts of illness in general within the group, testing the received idea that ethnic minority communities look after their own and do not need help from statutory services. The terms in which the women described health and illness were examined, and an attempt was made to determine what part terminology played in their contact with general practitioners. Interviewees were mainly women in their 20s and 30s, interview by Kamaljit Poonia in doctors' waiting rooms and ante-natal clinics. The interviewees' co-operation encouraged the researchers to undertake more searching interviews than originally planned, which made it impossible to undertake a large number, and eventually only 34 women were asked to fill out the standard questionnaire. In-depth interviews involving home visits were undertaken with 12 of these women and with 2 who had not filled out the questionnaire, 6 resulting in tape recordings of over 10 hours per person. These led to a further study concentrating on experiences of depression.
'Geoffrey York' (a member of the Society of Friends) qualifed MBBS in 1934, and obtained the MD in 1949. A general practitioner who believed that psychiatry was a vital part of general practice, he held the Diploma of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and was a Fellow of both the Royal College of Psychiatrists and the Royal College of General Practitioners. He was awarded the OBE.
John Henry Gaddum was born on 31 March 1900 in Hale, Cheshire, the eldest of 6 children. His father was a silk importer who did much charitable work and who had a great influence on his son. He was educated at Miss Wallace's day school in Bowdon, Cheshire, then Moorland House School, Heswall, Cheshire, and from 1913 at Rugby School. He was encouraged to take up science by F A Meyer who later became headmaster of Bedales. He won two leaving exhibitions - one general, one for mathematics. In 1919 he went to Trinity College Cambridge on an entrance scholarship for mathematics, and read medicine. He won a senior scholarship at Trinity in 1922 and obtained second class honours in the Science Tripos (Part II) in Physiology. In 1922 he became a medical student at University College Hospital, London. In 1925 he applied for and won a post at the Wellcome Research Laboratories under J W Trevan, writing his first paper on the quantitative aspects of drug antagonism. In 1927 he went to work for Sir Henry Dale at the National Institute for Medical Research in Hampstead, where he stayed for six years, then accepted the Chair of Pharmacology at the University of Cairo in 1934. In 1935 he was appointed Professor of Pharmacology at University College London, and in 1938 he took the Chair of Pharmacology at the College of the Pharmaceutical Society, London. After the war broke out, he worked at the Chemical Defence Research Station, Porton Down, then later was for a short time in the Army as Temporary Lieutenant-Colonel. In 1942 he accepted the Chair of Materia Medica in the University of Edinburgh, where he was happy and built up an outstanding research department which attracted many scientists from abroad. Extra-mural activities became more time-consuming and in 1958 he was invited to become the Director of the Institute of Animal Physiology in Babraham, Cambridge, by the Agricultural Research Council. He enjoyed learning new things, so accepted the post and staffed the Institute with the finest physiologists, with the result it became one of the great international centres for research in physiology and pharmacology. A year before his death he was knighted and awarded an honorary LL.D, Edinburgh. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1929 he married Iris Mary Harmer, M.B., B.Chir., M.R.C.P., daughter of Sir Sidney Harmer, FRS, a zoologist, and Laura Russell.
Harrods sold patent medicines as far back as the 1870s, and there is evidence of a Drug and Patent Medicine Department from 1884, but the earliest medicine catalogue in the Company Archives dates only from 1891. There is still a Dispensing Pharmacy in the store, which holds more recent records. The Company Archives had found that the usage of the volumes listed here did not justify the amount of room they occupied.
Blacklock, Donald Breadalbane, MD, CMG, DPH, DTM (1879-1955) Professor of Tropical Hygiene, University of Liverpool and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and was the Director of the Sir Alfred Lewis Jones Research Laboratory, Sierra Leone, 1921-1929.
West Africa was an important staging-post for ships during 1940-1941, when the Mediterranean was under Axis control, and Donald Blacklock, Professor of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, was invited by the Colonial Office to investigate the reasons for outbreaks of malaria among personnel on board ship who had not been ashore. He began his investigations in September 1940, and after his return to Britain in October 1941 kept in touch with those continuing the work in Africa. He was asken in 1947 to produce an account of the attempts at prevention for the 'Medical History of the War'. The published history touches only briefly on his report, concentrating on protection of personnel, whereas this account deals mainly with mosquito eradication.
Richard Hunter, FRCP (1923-1891) and Ida Macalpine, FRCP (1899-1974), were psychiatrists and historians of psychiatry.
Dorothea Nasmyth (nee Maude) was a General Practitioner who wrote a diary of her experiences during the First World War.
This volume is one of a few typed copies of Miss Nellie Insley's account, written in 1915, with a 'Prefatory Note' by Henry Curtis, FRCS, written in 1923 giving both details of Miss Insley and her family and a note on the subsequent history of the hospital at St Malo.
Born, 1912; Founder and Chairman of the MS Society; died 1988.
The Pickett-Thomson Laboratory was established at St Paul's Hospital, Endell Street, London, in 1922, with David Thomson as Director and Sir Ronald Ross as its President. It produced 10 volumes of 'Annals', 1924-1934, recording its work on bacteria and other microorganisms using the techniques of microphotography. Some of the papers published in these volumes deal with the same subject as this manuscript but it does not appear to have been published in exactly the same form; also, it incorporates an account by Thomson of his career prior to the inauguration of the Pickett-Thomson Laboratory and his earlier work in microphotography.
Sir William Maddock Bayliss FRS (1860-1924), was a physiologist amd was employed as Professor of General Physiology at University College London, 1912-1924.
Robert Stout trained at the London Hospital, qualifying LRCP, MRCS in December 1940, and after a year as house surgeon at the Connaught Hospital,Walthamstow, qualified MB, BS and DA to become house anaesthetist at the London Hospital. Commissioned in the RAMC in June 1943, he was anaesthetist to a Field Surgical Unit in the British Liberation Army for six months, then to an Indian Mobile Surgical Unit for the last year of the Burma campaign, after which he was based in military hospitals in Bombay and Fayid, Egypt. After a year at the Bristol Royal Infirmary, he became a lecturer in anaesthetics, in Iraq 1947-1948, in Nigeria 1948-1950, again in Iraq 1950-1958 (acting as anaesthetist to King Faisal in 1956), and in Jamaica 1959-1963. He finished his career as consultant anaesthetist to the Medway Health Authority, retiring in 1987.
Mary Louisa Drabble graduated from the University of Edinburgh with a degree in medicine on 24 July 1925. She became a general practitioner in Westlea, Derbyshire.
Florence Fenwick Miller was a leading late Victorian feminist. She was one of the first women to qualify in medicine in the United Kingdom, having been part of Sophia Jex-Blake's first doomed attempt to obtain medical education for women at the University of Edinburgh, then studying at the short-lived Medical College for Women in London, and finally achieving registration when this was ultimately conceded to women in 1878. She practised only briefly, subsequently becoming a popular writer and speaker on popular physiology as well as feminist and political subjects, and a prolific journalist and editor. In 1876 she was elected to represent Hackney on the London School Board, and served three consecutive terms, 1877-1885. In 1877 she married Frederick Alfred Ford, but retained her own name, being addressed as Mrs Fenwick Miller.
Dr Kraemer, who left Germany in 1933 and studied medicine at the University of Siena, was an influential analytical psychologist and consultant psychiatrist, who practised in Edinburgh until 1958, when he moved to London. Details of his appointments and publications can be found in the Medical Directory, and his obituary appeared in The Times of 11 Jan 1983. The volumes date from the time when Dr Kraemer was a medical student, and apart from the first volume, which is in German, they are all in Italian. As all the volumes contain typescript or duplicated notes, it seems likely that these were standard sets of notes issued to students rather than notes taken by Kraemer himself, although he does seem to have annotated them in some cases.