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Rio Tinto plc was formed in June 1997 with the merger of The RTZ Corporation PLC and its' 49% owned associate company CRA Limited (of Australia).

The Rio Tinto-Zinc Corporation Limited was formed in March 1962 on the merger of The Rio Tinto Company Ltd (Inc 1873) and The Consolidated Zinc Corporation Limited(Inc 1949). After the merger, the operations of the Rio Tinto Company and The Consolidated Zinc Corporation were restructured, with the parent company, RTZ, housed in London.

Rio Tinto's existing public company in Australia, Rio Tinto Mining Company of Australia Limited was renamed Conzinc RioTinto of Australia Limited in 1962. Conzinc RioTinto was used as a vehicle for restructuring RTZ's Australian assets. Part of the shares were Australian owned and there were a majority of Australian directors on the board. This was a pattern that was followed in subsequent developments around the world. In August 1980 Conzinc RioTinto became known as CRA Limited. This name was changed to Rio Tinto Limited in June 1997.

The Rio Tinto Company Limited was formed in 1873 by a consortium of banks to acquire the Spanish copper mine of Rio Tinto in Huelva, Spain. Headed by Hugh Matheson, the consortium agreed to pay 92,756,592 pesetas (equivalent to £3,500,000) for the freehold of the mines. The first instalment of 3422,680 was paid towards the purchase price as well as 9 pagares, or promissory notes, the last of which was due for payment in 1883. Matheson became the chairman and the company was registered on 29 March 1873 in London. A railway between Huelva and the mines was constructed together with a pier at Huelva. In 1954 the Rio Tinto Company sold the mines to the newly formed Compañía Española de Minas de Río Tinto (owned by a consortium of Spanish banks), retaining only a one-third interest. The remaining interest in was divested in 1990. The proceeds of the sale in 1954 were invested on projects in Africa such as Big Ben, Patchway, Sandwana, Empress Nickel and Palabora, in Australasia such as Mary Kathleen and in Canada on the Rio Algom mines.

The Consolidated Zinc Corporation Limited was incorporated in 1949 to acquire the interests of The Zinc Corporation Limited (formed 1911), The Sulphide Corporation (reg 1898), The Broken Hill Corporation Limited (registered 1947) and The Imperial Smelting Corporation Limited (inc 1929). The Zinc Corporation Limited was formed to treat the tailing dumps from the Broken Hill mine in New South Wales Australia. The Broken Hill Corporation Limited held a substantial interest in the New Broken Hill Consolidated Limited mine. The Sulphide Corporation Limited was a producer of sulphuric acid, superphosphate and cement. The Imperial Smelting Corporation based in the United Kingdom was the sole zinc producer in the country mainly from raw material from the Broken Hill mines, it also produced sulphuric acid, chemicals, fertilisers and fluorine and fluorine compounds in plants in Avonmouth, Avon, Swansea and West Glamorgan. In 1955 Consolidated Zinc discovered the huge Weipa bauxite deposits in Queensland, the basis for the development of a major integrated aluminium industry in Australia and New Zealand.

Rio Tinto Company Limited head office: Plantation House, Fenchurch Street, City of London (1947);
Rio Tinto plc head office: 2 Eastbourne Terrace, Westminster (2011).

Emanuel Mendes da Costa was born 25 May 1717 in London to John, alias Abraham, and Johanna Mendes da Costa. A Sephardic Jewish merchant and public notary operating in the City of London, he engaged in the trade of goods including books and geologic specimens. He was interested in the study of natural science and served as Clerk to the Royal Society of London.

Emanuel Mendes da Costa's siblings included brothers Jacob, alias Philip, David (who was involved in the supply of bread to British troops in Flanders) and sister Sarah (married to Abraham Fernandes Nuñes).

Other family members included Abraham, alias John, Mendes da Costa, who refers to his brother Jacob the 3rd, (died 3 March 1752) in his will, and Moses, alias Philip, father to Abraham and grandfather to Emanuel, Philip, David and Sarah.

Emanuel was married to Elizabeth Skillman. Members of the Skillman family were living in Hendon during the 18th and 19th centuries as evident from the admission of Richard Skillman (recorded 5 May 1761) and Elizabeth Mendes da Costa, formerly Skillman, (1767). Elizabeth also figures in the apprenticeship of William Skillman, nephew of John Skillman, serving a carpenter in Hendon (1799).

In the 19th century, descendants included Emanuel Mendes da Costa Skillman (died 1903, aged 76), married to Caroline (died 1906, aged 73). They had a daughter, Amelia Jane Skillman, born at 1 Landseer Road, Upper Holloway in December 1871. Emanuel Skillman, a carpenter by profession, resided later at 54 Kingsdown Road. He and Caroline eventually resided at 7 Cromartie Road, Islington at their time of death and were buried at Islington Cemetery.

United Biscuits was established in 1948 following the merger of McVitie and Price and MacFarlane Lang. In 1960, the company added to its portfolio with the acquisition of Crawford Biscuits and MacDonald's Biscuits. Subsequent acquisitions include:

1967 - Meredith and Drew (crisp manufacturers);
1968 - Kenyon Son and Craven (nut manufacturers);
1974 - Keebler Company (US cookie and cracker manufacturer);
1982 - Terry's of York (confectionery company);
1988 - Ross Young's (frozen food);
1990 - Verkade (Dutch biscuit and confectionery company);
2004 - Jacob's Biscuit Group.

Since 2000, United Biscuits has sold several parts of its business, including UB Hungary (sold to Danone in 2000) and UB Southern Europe (sold to Kraft Foods Inc).

Information available at http://www.unitedbiscuits.com/about-us.php?rnd=GideVfWTaODtyf5CAIKYqEUr3zy1exP8%2BSheEM0Lo%3D (accessed October 2010).

Until 31 October 2007, the United Biscuits Pension Plan was a final salary scheme; from 1 November 2007, however, it was converted to a Career Average Revalued Earnings scheme.

The Enfield Southgate Constituency Labour Party (CLP) is an organisation of members of the British Labour Party who live in the constituency of Enfield Southgate.

The Labour Party is a centre-left political party. It was created in 1900 as a result of many years of campaigning by working people, trade unionists and socialists for representation in Parliament. By the 1920s, it surpassed the Liberal Party as the main opposition to the Conservatives.

Enfield Southgate is a borough constituency which elects one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons. Prior to 1974, the constituency was known as Southgate. It covers the eastern and southeastern part of the London Borough of Enfield. It is made up of seven electoral wards: Bowes, Cockfosters, Grange, Palmers Green, Southgate, Southgate Green, Winchmore Hill.

It is a traditionally Conservative seat. However, the 1997 General Election saw the Labour candidate Stephen Twigg defeat the Conservative MP and then Secretary of State for Defence, Michael Portillo. This has been seen by many as the defining moment of the Labour Party's victory in the 1997 election.

The Enfield Southgate CLP is involved with campaigning. It sends representatives to the Labour Party Conference and national Party structures. It is active in getting Labour councillors elected and then overseeing their work. The CLP also selects the local Labour Party candidate for the General Election.

Manufacturer of vacuum cleaners, especially industrial suction machines. Established circa 1926. Registered office between 1957-1963: Norfolk House, Laurence Pountney Hill, City of London.

Factory in Cippenham, Slough, Buckinghamshire in 1968.

The Pensions Advisory Service was formed in May 1983 and is an independent voluntary organisation providing information and guidance to the public on pensions matters, covering state, company, personal and stakeholder schemes. The Pensions Advisory Service also provides assistance with problems relating to occupational or private pensions. Initially named The Occupational Pensions Advisory Service (OPAS), this was changed to The Pensions Advisory Service in Dec 2004.

Source of information: http://www.pensionsadvisoryservice.org.uk/ [accessed 16 May 2010].

London International Financial Futures Exchange is a futures exchange operating in London, trading in a range of interest rate and stock index futures and options contracts. It was established in September 1982. In 1993 it merged with the London Traded Options Market and was renamed the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange.

The Pensions Research Accountants Group (PRAG) is an independent research and discussion group focused primarily on the reporting and accounting of pension schemes. PRAG was founded in 1976 by Mike Young, the Group's first chairman and honorary President. PRAG is administered by an Executive Committee, with members from across the range of professions involved in pensions. It becaome a private company limited by guarantee in 1997.

PRAG produce reports on subjects of interest in the pensions field and responses to official documents on pensions. These are produced by working parties made up of PRAG members with a relevant specialism or interest who may be joined by external specialists. PRAG's first publication, Financial Reports for Pension Funds, was published in 1978, and working parties went on to produce a range of reports on specialist areas of accounting and the practical administration of pension funds.

PRAG were involved in the development of the Accounting Standards Committee's Statement of Recommended Practice (SORP) on the Financial Statements of Pensions Schemes, and the Group later received approval from the Accounting Standards Board for producing pensions SORPs which enabled them to issue revisions of the Pension SORP in 1996, 2002 and 2007. The Group also submitted recommendations to the Accounting Standard Committee's Statement of Standard Accounting Policy on accounting for pensions costs in employer's accounts.

The papers in the collection come from four sources:

• Mike Young, Chairman 1976-1981 and President 1976-;
• Mike Jones, Research Secretary 1984-1988;
• Geraldine Kaye, General Secretary 1985-1988 and Research Secretary 1988-1991;

• Glyn Peat, Research Secretary 1991-1993 and Chairman 1993-1996.

  Source of information: www.prag.org.uk [accessed 19 May 2011].

George Miles was grocer and tea dealer of Gracechurch Street, City of London and Joseph Rushton was apprenticed to him for five years from 1802.

The Wesley Guild was the concept of Reverend W.B. Fitzgerald in the late 19th century and was put forward at the Liverpool Conference in 1896 by Reverend Charles Kelly. The Guild's original aim was to educate young people and improve the body, mind and spirit and provided activities such as camping, cycling and holiday clubs.

The London Guild Council was established in 1899 and functioned to bring together London's local guilds and promote joint projects. The most important event was the London Guilds Rally which was held for many years in the Central Hall, Westminster. The rally included various talks and sometimes a public speaking contest. The council was wound up on 31 October 2011.

Source: http://www.wesleyguild.org (accessed 7 August 2013).

Source: 'Report of the Officers Committee review of the London Guilds Rally' (LMA/4623/01/001)

The Association of Consulting Actuaries (ACA) is the representative body for consulting actuaries. The Association was first formed as the Society of Consulting Actuaries in November 1951, and re-named as the ACA in March 1952. The members of the Association are all individual actuaries who work in the consulting sector, and are mainly qualified through membership of the professional body for actuaries, the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries.

The ACA was first proposed by Reginald Maudling, senior partner of Watsons, and James Bacon, senior partner of Bacon and Woodrow, as a way of ensuring that independent consulting actuaries were represented to both employers operating pension schemes for their staff and the government. In the 1950s independent actuaries were competing with large insurance firms to provide advice to employers, and collecting together as an association was seen as a way of raising independent consultants' status and making employers' aware that they were a source of disinterested professional advice. An association would also be able to provide a collective voice for consultant actuaries to government, who were increasingly interested in monitoring and controlling pension schemes in the 1950s. Maudling and Bacon were made joint Presidents at the ACA's foundation.

The ACA continues to promote the services provided by consulting actuaries and provide independent advice to decision makers on the need for and implications of legislative change in relevant areas, including responding to government consultations and publishing Parliamentary Pension Briefs for the benefit of MPs. The ACA also acts as a forum for exchanging relevant information among its members and exchange information with other organisations operating in the same fields. The ACA also publishes regular surveys of the pensions industry.

The ACA hold regular 'ordinary' or 'sessional' meetings of members, traditionally held at St. Ermins Hotel, Westminster, where matters of common interest are discussed.

The ACA is run by a Chairman and committee. Sub-committees, or technical committees, were set up to carry out specific tasks or monitor a particular area affecting actuaries. Since 1992 a secretariat has been employed to provide administrative services for the ACA. The ACA have been based at the following locations: Norfolk House, Wellesley Road, Croydon (1991); 1 Wardrobe Place (1992-2001); Wanford Court, 29 Throgmorton Street (2005-2008); St. Clement's House, 27-28 Clement's' Lane (2009-2013); and 45 King William Street (2013-).

The Metropolitan District Railway Mutual Provident Society is thought to have been founded in 1887. It raised funds by subscriptions from members, donations and voluntary contributions to: relieve and maintain its members in sickness or infirmity from accident or natural causes; provided medical aid for members' wives and children; make payments on the death of members; and contribute towards members' funeral expenses. Its members were employees of the Metropolitan District Railway Company.

The Society was managed by a Secretary, Treasurer, two Auditors, two Scrutineers and a Committee of Management made up of twelve elected members. Three Trustees were elected by the Members and the Society's funds were invested in the names of these Trustees.

The Society was amalgamated into the London Electric Railway Employees' Benefit Society (Additional Section) in 1936.

Registered office: Lillie Bridge Works, West Brompton, London.

Source of information: rules booklet and London Gazette, 16 October 1936.

Lilian Mary Marfell (1876-[1965]) was born in Guildford, Surrey, the daughter of a farmer. She began working as a probationer at the Westminster Hospital in 1901 having previously worked at a cottage hospital, and was promoted to staff nurse in 1903. She left the Hospital prior to 1914. She was also a member of the Royal Pension Fund for Nurses.

The Royal Pension Fund for Nurses was founded in 1887 as the National Pension Fund for Nurses by Henry C Burdett (1847-1920), and based at 8 King Street, Cheapside, London. The chief object of the Fund was to provide nurses with a retirement income or give allowances for nurses who found themselves unable to work through sickness or accident. Burdett used his connections to the Prince and Princess of Wales to secure their patronage for the Fund.

The Fund was based upon the contribution of members, the profits made from investments of these contributions, and a Donation Bonus Fund. The Fund attracted a number of benefactors, with the first donation of £20,000 received from Junius S. Morgan (head of merchant bank J S Morgan and Company, which in 1910 became Morgan, Grenfell and Company). The Fund's administrators solicited further donations and annual subscriptions from both from individual donors and organisations involved in the training and employment of nurses.

An allied organisation, the Morgan Benevolent Fund, was established as a memorial to Junius Morgan. The Morgan Benevolent Fund offered relief to members of the Royal Pension Fund for Nurses who were in distress or unable to keep up their pension contributions as well as annuities for Fund members over 60 who, through no fault of their own, were unable to provide for themselves after the age of 60.

In 1901 Marfell was one of the eighth and ninth thousandth nurses to join the fund and was therefore invited to a reception for the Fund's nurses held by the Fund's president, Queen Alexandra, at Marlborough House.

During his lifetime George Daniels was considered by many the best horologist in the world and was famous for creating the co-axial escapement, used by Omega in their highest-grade watches since 1999, and described as the most important horological development for 250 years since the invention of the lever escapement by Thomas Mudge in 1754.

George Daniels was born in Edgware in 1926. He recalled being fascinated by watches as a child. Finding a cheap wristwatch in the street at the age of 5, he later wrote: 'I managed to get it open and I was intrigued with the workings - it was like seeing the centre of the universe. I knew that's what I wanted to do; I wanted to spend the rest of my time with watches.'

After serving in the Second World War, Daniels studied horology at night classes and began work restoring and repairing watches, eventually setting up his own business.

He was one of the few modern watchmakers who could create a complete watch by hand, including the case and dial. George Daniels introduced 'William' to his name which was used for the first chronometer inscribed 'G W Daniels' in 1954. In 1964 he married Juliet Ann Marryat at Christ Church Esher, daughter of Robert Marryat, collector. They went on to have one daughter, Sarah.

He produced his first watch in 1969 and during his lifetime Daniels' total hand-made production consisted of 24 pocket watches, 4 wrist watches, 56 millennium wrist watches, 1 chronometer, 2 Breguet three wheel clocks, and 5 Grasshopper conversions to long case regulators.

In 2006, to celebrate his achievements and his 80th birthday, Sotheby's and Bobinet Limited (the antique watch dealer) held a retrospective exhibition of his work.

Daniels served as Master of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers in 1980 and was awarded their Tompion Gold Medal as well as the Gold Medal of the British Horological Institute, the Gold Medal of the City of London and the Kullberg Medal of the Stockholm Watchmakers' Guild. He was also awarded Hon Degree of Doctor of Science from City University, London in 1994. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2010 New Year Honours List.

Daniels wrote a number of seminal works on watchmaking. An expert on the French watchmaker Breguet, he spent many years concentrating on the repair and restoration of his watches, and published 'The Art of Breguet' in 1975. His other books include 'Watches', Cecil Clutton and George Daniels (1965); 'English and American Watches' (1967); 'Clocks & Watches in the Collection of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers', Cecil Clutton and George Daniels (1975); 'Watchmaking' (1981); 'The Practical Watch Escapement' (1994); and an autobiography, 'All in Good Time - Reflections of a Watchmaker' (2000).

Daniels lived and worked at 21 Thornsett Road, Bromley, London and later at Riversdale, Jurby Road, Lezayre, Ramsey, Isle of Man. Both residences were fitted with a workshop.

On his death on 21 October 2011 George Daniels left instructions to establish a charity to be known as The George Daniels Educational Trust, with the object to further the education of pupils studying horology, engineering, medicine or building construction. In November 2012 The George Daniels Horological Collection was auctioned at Sotheby's.

For further information on Daniels' life see 'George Daniels. A Master Watchmaker and His Art. The story of the man who invented the co-axial escapement', Michael Clerizo (London : Thames and Hudson, 2013)

Hugh Stevenson and Sons Ltd was a paper box-making business started in 1859 by Mr Hugh Stevenson at Great Marlborough Street, Manchester. For twenty-eight years it traded locally until, in 1887, it expanded to incorporate more staff and a more accomplished method of production. This expansion also saw the enlargement of the Manchester premises quickly followed by the opening of branches in London (with works at Summerstown, Wandsworth), Perth and Birmingham, and of Agencies in most of the large Colonial centres. In 1898, the business was incorporated as a private limited company and in 1900 became the proprietors of the Corruganza Manufacturing Co.

In the 1914 edition of Whitaker's Red Book of Commerce or Who's Who in Business it was listed as "Box manufacturers and machinists. Specialities: every kind of cardboard box, metal-edged boxes, cylindrical boxes etc., celluloid boxes, plain and decorated tin boxes, show-cards of tin and cardboard, corrugated paper and boxes made of tin and cardboard, embossing and gold blocking, box-making machinery of every description, printing and lithographing, mounts and frames for photographs, leatherboards, strawboards and general box-making supplies. Employees 2,610".

Lorna Holder was born in Saint Thomas, Jamaica in 1952 and named Lorna Patricia Walker. She moved to England when she was seven in 1959, to join her parents who had already emigrated.

From 1970-1972 Lorna Holder studied at Derby Art College and went on to study Fashion and Textiles at Trent Polytechnic, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire from 1972-1975. During the summer of 1973 Lorna worked at Bloomingdales in New York , which gave her valuable experience of hard work and entrepreneurship. Her tutor at Trent Pauline Denyer was the wife of the well-known fashion designer, Sir Paul Smith. When she graduated, Lorna was the first black graduate in fashion to pass through the university with a BA honours.

Her first job after Trent was working at Mono in London who produced high quality ladies' coats and suits for Harrods and Selfridges. Lorna was adept at sketching and sewing and management and these were key aspects of her job. A boutique near the Hilton Hotel in Jamaica stocked her collection. In 1976 she married Errol Leon Holder, who is a TV Broadcasting Engineer and moved to the Sultanate of Oman. Lorna went into business with the Finance Officer of Oman and managed the Ali Baba Trading Company, which sold garments, local arts and crafts, antique Arab silver Jewry and mahogany chests. Lorna travelled widely to source materials. In 1978 Lorna held the first televised fashion show in Oman at The Holiday Inn, Salalah.

Following their return to England, Lorna began working in 1979 for Davies & Field, a ladies' dress manufacturing company that included Littlewoods as a client for their mail order range. Based at 35-47 Bethnal Green Road, Tower Hamlets, she was hired as the Head of Young Fashion and assembled her own chosen team of designers, pattern cutters and sample machinists to work with her. Lorna created designs for major chain stores such as Littlewoods, Etam, Berkertex and Lady at Lord John and the Oxford Street departmental store, Bourns & Hollingsworth. She designed the Justine young fashion range for Littlewoods catalogue and created one of the first celebrity fashion endorsements in a main stream catalogue for the Olympian swimmer Sharon Davies. Lorna left Davies & Field in 1986.

In 1985 Lorna and her husband opened their own Retail hairdressing and beauty salon, called Lapaz, at 15 Camden High Street, Camden. The name 'Lapaz' stems from 'La Paz', the town in which Che Guevara was killed. Paz was also a petname of Lorna given to her by her Great grandmother who lived in Cuba. A second shop was later opened in 101 Notting Hill Gate, Kensington and Chelsea. The economic climate of the late 1980s forced Lorna to abandon the shops in 1990 and start working from home which also suited her in upbringing of her three sons. She created Lorna Holder Couture in 1990 and designed unique clothing for wealthy clients that she advertised in Vogue and Bride magazines. She advertised as an 'Established couture designer. Design and make to clients own specification: Ladies' wedding dress, suits, dresses and separates'. She continued this venture for five years.

Since 2003 Lorna has established Tureg Productions Limited, and Full Spectrum Productions in 2004 as a not for profit company working on a range of arts, community, educational and heritage funded projects including Jamaica Hidden Histories, funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF). The Jamaica Hidden Histories project gave Lorna the impetus to deposit her fashion business archives with London Metropolitan Archives and also funded training for project staff and volunteers who catalogued the records in 2014.

As of 2014 the HLF has funded six projects run by Full Spectrum Productions:

Living Under One Roof (2004-2009) - stage play, exhibition, learning pack - Caribbean migrants arriving in Britain for the first time during Windrush era and the tensions and celebrations of communal living.

The Ones We Left Behind (2006) - stage play, exhibition - The decisions Caribbean and other communities made in leaving their homelands and the impact on loved ones left behind.

Moving Out (2007) - stage play - the contributions that Caribbean people made to industries in Nottingham during the 1950s/60s.

Building Bridges (2008) - documentary - The experiences of the host community in seeing large groups of Caribbean people arriving in Britain after the 2nd World War.

Hanging Out (2010-2012) - exploring 1950s and 1960s youth culture. www.hangingout.org.uk

Jamaica Hidden Histories (2013-2015) - education project and exhibition - exploring Hidden Histories relating to Jamaica and Britain. www.jamaicahiddenhistories.com

The Swiss Benevolent Society was founded as Fonds de Secours pour les Suisses Pauvres a Londres on 1 January 1870, although its history can be traced back to the Société de Secours Mutuels des Suisses a Londres (Société des Suisses), which was founded in 1703. It has undergone many transformations throughout its history, but its main aim of providing help to its compatriot members in cases of illness and hardship has remained the same and continues to this day. Those receiving help have included 19th-century economic migrants, 1960s' au pairs, and now, increasingly, the elderly.

For more information about the Society's history and activities please see their website: https://swissbenevolent.org.uk

Drivers Jonas and Company were chartered surveyors, estate management agents, valuers and auctioneers, and later property consultants. The firm was founded in 1725 by brothers Samuel Driver (1692-1741) and Charles Driver (1699-), bakers and nurserymen and landowners. The company remained as an independent partnership until the firm was acquired by Deloitte LLP in January 2010, and renamed Drivers Jonas Deloitte. Drivers Jonas was dropped from the name in 2013.

From the late 18th century the firm branched out into auctioneering and estate management for landed estates. Long-standing clients included: Chamberlayne Settled Estates (Southampton, Hampshire); Trustees of the Corporation of Trinity House (Wallace Falkner, House and Estate Agent and Collector of Taxes of 23 Trinity Street, Southwark managed the estates until 1 Jan 1948 when management passed to Drivers Jonas); Earl and Countess of Ilchester (Holland Park Estate, Kensington); Greenwich Hospital Department of the Admiralty; Grosvenor Settled Estates Trustees (Belgravia and Mayfair); Speer Trustees, Viscount Bertie of Thame, Surrey, Colonel Abel Smith, Sir Ronald Gunter (Earls Court and West Hampstead), Reverend George Pollen's Trustees (including Old Burlington Street, Savile Row, Westminster) and James Kent's Estates (including Hoxton and City Road area).

From 1935 the firm partnered G J Brown and Son, surveyors and estate managers of 34 Great George Street, Westminster (1907); 11 Little College Street, Westminster (1923). G J Brown and Son was closed and clients transferred to Drivers Jonas in 1953.

In the later 20th century the firm became leading property consultants specialising as managing agents of commercial property advising landlords and tenants of offices, shops and industrial space on service charges, rents and other costs. In 2007 the company's core values and brand were 'to add value for our clients by giving high quality property advice' as 'leading commercial property consultancy'.

Name changes reflected changes in partnership including:

A P Driver

E and G N Driver

Samuel and Robert C Driver

R C Driver and Company (1863)

Driver and Company, 'Surveyors, Valuers, Land Agents and Auctioneers' (1866)

Drivers and Company (1870s-1890s), 'Surveyors, Land Agents, Timber Valuers and Auctioneers' (1895)

Drivers Jonas and Company (from before 1907), 'Chartered surveyors, land agents and auctioneers, town planning consultants' (1968), 'Chartered Surveyors and Planning Consultants' (1984)

Drivers Jonas Deloitte (trading name for Deloitte LLP) (2010-2013)

OFFICES: Samuel Driver at Wandsworth and Charles Driver at Rotherhithe (1725-1741); Kent Street Road (later Kent Road), Southwark (1741-1816); 13 New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, Southwark (1816-1826); 8 Richmond Terrace, Parliament Street, Whitehall, Westminster (1826-1850); 5 Whitehall (1850-1863); 4 Whitehall (1863-1898); 23 Pall Mall (1898-1919); 7 Charles Street renamed Charles II Street, Saint James's Square, Westminster (1919-1956); Hertford Street (1956-1959); 7 Charles II Street (1959-1969); 18 Pall Mall (1969-after 1979); 16 Suffolk Street (before 1984-1997); 6 Grosvenor Street (from 1998); Drivers Jonas Deloitte (trading name for Deloitte LLP) registered at 2 New Street Square (2010-2013), head office: Athene Place, 66 Shoe Lane, City of London (2010-2013).

The company had branch offices:

1945: The Cross, Chester, Cheshire and 5 Rockstone Place, Southampton, Hampshire

1968: Evershot, Dorset and Southwark.

1979: Aberdeen, Scotland

1984: Norwich, Norfolk ['East Anglia' office], Aberdeen, Scotland and Toronto, Canada; and Glasgow, Scotland (by 1986), 30 Watling Street, City of London (from 1987); Mayfair, Westminster and Montreal, Canada (by 1989); Boston, United States of America (by 1990); Vancouver, Canada (by 1991); Germany (by 1992); Nottingham, Nottinghamshire (by 1993); Manchester (by 1994). Other places in Germany and United States of America; Birmingham (from 1998); the European network of offices expanded to Paris, France (2002), Frankfurt, Germany (2003) and Madrid, Spain (2007).

Rotax Limited, manufacturer of automotive electrical equipment was originally based in 43-45 Great Eastern Street, City of London concentrating on equipment for motor cars. The firm moved its registered office and works in 1916 to Rotax Works in Willesden Junction, North Acton where it remained until at least 1970s, opening a factory in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire in the post-war period. Since 1920s Rotax developed links with Joseph Lucas Limited and later became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lucas. From the late 1930s Rotax became solely involved in the production of equipment for aircraft. Rotax Limited later came under a holdings company, Rotax (Holdings) Limited. Rotax Limited was renamed Lucas Aerospace Limited in 1971 reflecting Joseph Lucas group of companies reorganisation of aerospace-related activities.

Witherby's was founded in 1740 by Thomas Witherby (1719 - 1797), stationer. He began by copying manuscript documents brought to him by solicitors relating to property leases, wills and marriage settlements, as well as producing pro-forma articles of agreement, bonds and other documents relating to insurance and shipping required by merchants, shop owners and their captains. Many of these transactions were carried out in coffee houses including the Sword Blade coffee house in Exchange Alley which was burnt to the ground in 1748 together with Thomas Witherby's premises next door.

Witherby signed a new lease for a 'new built brick messuage' at 9 Birchin Lane in 1749 where the business remained until 1873.

In 1767 Thomas was elected to the Common Council of the City of London Corporation representing Langbourne Ward. In 1779 the firm became Witherby & Son, and later Witherby and Company becoming a registered limited company as Witherby and Company Limited in 1935 which acted as a parent for subsidiary companies. These subsidiaries included HF & G Witherby Limited, publishers specialising on books on British Birds reflecting Harry Forbes Witherby's interest in ornithology. Publications included the monthly magazine 'British Birds' launched in 1907 and printed at Witherby's Holborn works. The firm also diversified its products range from account books and headed stationery to 'Witherby's Magnetic pen' patented in 1898 and Witherby's Universal Automatic Gum Bottle.

Successive acquisitions (including Bean, Webley and Company in 1925 and drake, Driver and Leaver Limited in 1954) , and the expansion of the printing business, led the firm to settle at specially built premises for modernised printing production techniques at 32-36 Aylesbury Street, Islington in 1965. It was only in 2009, after its publishing arm merged in 2008 with Scottish based Seamanship International Limited, that Witherby's moved to Tottenham Hale.

The Company specialises in litho and digital printing.

Seven generations of Witherbys were involved in the business. Thomas Witherby's son George Henry (1766 - 1805) became a partner in 1778 and was joined by William (1758- 1840) when the business changed to 'Witherby and son', succeeded by William's son William Henry (1793 - 1890) and George Henry's son George (1791 - 1861). The fourth generation comprised Walter (1826 - 1881) and Henry Forbes (1836 - 1907) sons of George; then Harry Forbes (1873 - 1943), George (1878 - 1958) and Theodore (1872 - 1957) all sons of Henry Forbes Witherby.
By the twentieth century the company was managed by Harry's sons Thomas and Richard and latterly George's son Anthony. The seventh and final generation joined the business in the 1960's - Alan and David Witherby. The family's association with the business ended when David Witherby resigned as director of Witherby's Limited in 2012.

Trading As

Thomas Witherby 1759-1778 Birchin Lane

Thomas Witherby and Son 1779-1788

Thomas Witherby and Sons 1789-1800

William and George Henry Witherby 1801-1814

W.G and W.H Witherby 1815 - 1830

Witherby and Co.

Witherby and Company Limited 1935

First incorporated in 1960 as Olympia Exhibitions Limited. In 1999 the name was changed to Olympia Limited [See LMA/4684/OF]. This company is responsible for managing Olympia exhibition hall, and for providing contracting services for exhibitions.

This company should not be confused with Olympia Exhibitions Limited which was formed through a renaming of the existing Olympia Limited in 1999 (LMA/4684/DO01; Company no. 01103492)

Registered offices:

Olympia Kensington, London Borough of Kensington and Chelsea (1960-2004)

154 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex (2004-2007)

40 Broadway, London Borough of Westminster (2007-2010)

15 Grosvenor Street, London Borough of Westminster (2010-2017)

4th Floor, 26-28 Mount Row London Borough of Westminster (2017 - )

Company No. 00661157.

First incorporated in 1957 as the Earls Court Standfitting Company Limited, the company changed its name to Showprops Limited in 1988. This company was a stand fitting and exhibition furniture rental business owned by Earls Court and Olympia Limited and later operated as a subsidiary under P&O Exhibition Services Limited.

Dissolved in 2004.

Registered offices:

1 Old Burlington Street, London Borough of Westminster (2004)

Company No. 00580792

The Northern Friendly Society was established on 31 January 1837 with the objective of being a sociable organisation which could share information of interest in the trade. An extract from the Pawnbrokers' Gazette reporting on the Jubilee of the Society in 1887 stated it was formed, "to protect the Trade against 'duffers' and to exterminate a class of vermin called 'common informers.'" The names of the founding members have not all survived, from later minutes it can be established that one was Mr James Telfer (of Ponders End) and a second was Mr Sharwood who in the Jubilee year of the Society (1887) was aged 86 and acted as the chair of the meeting, he resigned in October 1888 due to 'old age and its consequences.'

Membership was to be restricted to master pawnbrokers or gentlemen connected with the trade. The membership was limited to fifteen members according to a list of rules drawn up in 1844 (later expanded to thirty members), each paying a subscription. On occassion, Honorary Members could be elected by unanimous vote. Members were also often members of the Bouverie Society, a social club for master pawnbrokers (see CLC/034).

The subscriptions were used to defray the costs of the meetings and also to make special purchases. In the Jubilee Year of the society (1887) a silver loving cup was purchased at a cost of £35 4s; according to an inventory attached to an insurance schedule of 1965 the value of the loving had risen to £58 and this was just one of seven pieces of silver that belonged to the Society with other pieces having presented to the society by members and one piece a plain silver cup and cover with wood plinth in a case commemorating the Bouverie Society versus the Northern Friendly Gold Challenge Cup.

The Charity was founded in 1799 by Sarah Leheup who in her will left four thousand pounds of East India Stock, the interest from which was to be used to assist women who had been reduced from better circumstances.

In 2010 the charity was amalgamated into Elizabeth Finn Care, also known as Turn2Us.

The London Archaeologist Association was founded in 1968 and the first issue of London Archaeologist magazine was produced late that year. The association is a registered charity.

The magazine is produced by a mixture of professional and amateur archaeologists and covers the 'London' area, which allows a flexible approach. The annual membership subscription covers four issues of the magazine plus a supplement devoted to excavations, fieldwork and details of books and articles on London's archaeology.

As well as publishing London Archaeologist, the charity undertakes educational activities, administers the London Archaeological Prize, and supports publication of archaeological work.

The London Boroughs Disability Committee was formed in 1986 by a number of London boroughs, to secure the collective provision of disability-related services for those boroughs. The Disability Resource Team was established as a charity linked to the Committee in April 1993, in order to carry forward the work of the Committee, to promote good practice and to act as an organisational resource on disability nationally. The Disability Resource Team was governed by seven trustees, six of whom were members of the Disability Committee.

Albert Edwin Johannes Hollaender was the first Keeper of Manuscripts at Guildhall Library.

Hollaender was born in Vienna in 1908. He was forced to flee to England in 1938 after writing negative articles about Adolf Hitler in the newspaper 'Wiener Zeitung'.

After serving in the Intelligence Corps during the Second World War, Hollaender became Keeper of Manuscripts at Guildhall Library in 1945. He built up the collections of the Manuscripts Section, taking in archives from City of London livery companies, parishes and businesses as well as the Diocese of London. He retired in 1973 after which he became a volunteer at the Public Record Office (now The National Archives).

Hollaender was also a founder member of the Society of Archivists, now the Archives and Records Association and was editor of the society's journal for many years, as well as editing Guildhall Library's own scholarly journal, Guildhall Miscellany.

Hollaender died in 1989.

John Swan (born circa 1834, Westminster) lived at The Peacock Public House, 41 Minories, City of London. He was editor of 'Our Magazine' which was produced for 'private circulation' on the 1st and 15th of each month during 1856.

The first part issued on 1 March 1856 states that 'Our Magazine' replaced 'a small weekly periodical, which we named the "Peacockian Times", which was entirely devoted to fun, and carried on solely by ourselves; this has given rise to the idea of bringing out a magazine of sufficient size for all our kind friends to contribute to'.

John Swan's father William Swan (born circa 1807, Shoreditch) was the publican at The Peacock by 1839 until 1856-1857 when William North took over. On the 1851 Census William Swan is shown as married to Emily Jane (born circa 1810, Southwark) with their sons John and Edward Adam Swan (born circa 1849-1850) and three servants.

By 1889 there was a need for a synagogue to serve the growing congregation of Jews in the western area of London. The project was initiated by prominent local business and professional men and, on 2 February 1890, the foundation stone was laid at a site in Brook Green. The Hammersmith and West Kensington Synagogue, which was affiliated to the United Synagogue, was consecrated on 7 September 1890.

The building was enlarged in 1896 and again in the 1920s. The purchase of 69 and 70 Brook Green enabled the building of a communal hall, opened in 1927. Thirty years later, in 1957, new flats and a classroom block were erected on the site.

The original members came from a wide area, including Acton, Barnes, Bedford Park, Chiswick, Ealing, Hammersmith, South Kensington, West Kensington, Putney and Shepherds Bush. In the early years the synagogue flourished with various religious and social groups. However, by the late 1990s the membership had declined to such an extent that the synagogue was closed in 2001. The synagogue building is now the Chinese Church in London.

Community Health Councils were established in England and Wales in 1974 "to represent the interests in the health service of the public in its district" (National Health Service Reorganisation Act, 1973). Often referred to as 'the patient’s voice in the NHS', each Community Health Council (CHC) served the public and patients in its local area by representing their interests to National Health Service (NHS) authorities and by monitoring the provision of health services to their communities.

CHCs were independent statutory bodies with certain legal powers. CHCs were entitled to receive information about local health services, to be consulted about changes to health service provision, and to carry out monitoring visits to NHS facilities. They also had the power to refer decisions about proposed closures of NHS facilities to the Secretary of State for Health. For this reason, CHCs were sometimes known as the ‘watchdogs’ of the NHS. The co-ordinated monitoring of waiting times in Accident and Emergency departments led to ‘Casualty Watch’ which gained national press coverage. Locally, many CHCs represented patients’ views by campaigning for improved quality of care and better access to NHS services, and by responding to local issues such as proposed hospital closures.

Each CHC had around 20 voluntary members from the local area. Half were appointed the local authority, a third were elected from voluntary bodies and the remainder were appointed by the Secretary of State for Health. Members met every month to six weeks and meetings were usually open to the general public. Guest speakers or guest attendees were often invited, particularly when a specific topic or issue was under discussion.

All CHCs employed a small number of paid office staff and some had shop-front offices, often on the high street, where members of the public could go for advice and information about local NHS services. CHCs published leaflets and guidance on a wide variety of topics from ‘how to find a GP’ to ‘how to make a complaint’.

Within the guiding principles and statutory duties of the legislation, CHCs developed organically in response to the needs of the communities they served and for this reason considerable variation can be found in the records of different CHCs.

Redbridge Community Health Council began life as East Roding Community Health Council in July 1974. Membership comprised 12 members appointed by the Regional Health Authority and 12 members appointed by the London Borough of Redbridge. Of the 12 appointed by the local borough, 4 were borough councillors. Of the 12 appointed by the Regional Health Authority, 8 were nominated by voluntary organisations and 4 were appointed directly by the North East Thames Regional Health Authority. By 1975 the CHC had "a staff of two and a well-equipped office". East Roding CHC changed its name to Redbridge CHC in March 1979.

Community Health Councils in England were abolished in 2003 as part of the ‘NHS Plan (2000)’.

John J.G. Hutchieson (1920-1997) was born and brought up in Scotland but came to London in the late 1940s where he remained for the rest of his life. He spent almost all his working life in newspapers: starting as a reporter then from 1950 as a production journalist. He first started to work for the Mirror Group in 1972 through to 1985 with a small break between 1976 - 1980. John became a Mirror Pensioner in 1985 when he retired from the working solely on Saturdays to produce the Sunday newspaper. Following his death in 1997, his widow began receiving his mirror pension.

Founded in 1945 by Rabbi Margulies, the 'Premishlaner Rebbe' for the Jewish Community in the area, the North West London Jewish Day School is still an active school for local orthodox communities of Brondesbury, Hampstead and St John’s Wood.

Rabbi Maurice Landy, the rabbi of the Cricklewood community, took on the development of the school and was involved as Honorary Principal and Chair of Governors and Trustees for over 40 years until his passing in 1996.

Since 1361 the Justices of the Peace met in their court of Quarter Sessions to try offences, and also, from the mid Sixteenth Century to deal with county administration. It was from this latter date with the increase in their workload that Justices began to do some of their business (minor legal and specific administrative tasks) outside of the formal sessions, either singly or in small groups.

Over the next century meetings outside of sessions became more regular, and more matters were dealt with there which had previously been heard at full sessions. They were often carried out at the magistrates' own homes, sometimes at special session meetings in a local court house, tavern or other meeting place. From 1828 all courts of Quarter Sessions were able to create districts or divisions specifically for petty sessions, either new areas or formalising any earlier informal divisions.

It was not only routine administration which was dealt with at these meetings, but some of the judicial procedure which needed carrying out pre-trial. Magistrates would examine alleged offenders and witnesses, take sworn statements (depositions), issue warrants for arrest or summonses to appear at court, bind over individuals to appear, and commit the accused to gaol to await trial or further investigation. Increasingly, they went further and began to sit without a jury to dispense immediate summary justice - either alone, or as a group of two or more known as the 'petty sessions'. They were, of course, hearing very minor cases such as those involving common assault, drunkenness, apprenticeship disputes, byelaw infringement, and (from 1664) attendance at illegal religious assemblies. The punishment they gave here was binding over with a recognizance to keep the peace; committal to prison for a short time (with a discharge before a main trial at the sessions started); or arbitration between the parties concerned to reach a settlement.

Offences which required a jury trial would still be heard at Quarter Sessions or the Assizes (Gaol Delivery Sessions at the Old Bailey), but petty sessions avoided the expense and hassle of a full trial for what were literally petty cases.

The first assessments of 1692-1693 were made under the terms of an "Act for granting to their Majesties an aid of four shillings in the pound for one year for carrying on a vigorous war against France" [4W and M c.1, 1692/3]. The Act specfied that real estate and personal property, that is buildings and moveable property as well as land, were to be taxed. It nominated, for each borough and county in England and Wales, the local commissioners who were to supervise the assessments and local collection.

The tax was voted annually, usually in the spring, until 1798 when it was transformed into a permanent tax, but was redeemable on a payment of a lump sum. It was levied on a number of different bases: as a pound rate between 1693 and 1696, as a four shillings assessment supplemented by a poll tax in 1697 and, from 1698-1798, on the system whereby each county or borough was given a fixed sum to collect. In 1949 redemption became compulsory on property changing hands and in 1963 all unredeemed land tax was abolished.

The assessors for each county are listed in the annual Acts of Parliament, until 1798. The sums collected for the counties of London, and Middlesex (and the City of Westminster) appear, until at least 1760, to have been passed to the Chamber of London and subsequently to the Exchequer.

Land at Rotherhithe was granted to the Bishop of Worcester in 893, but Rotherhithe is not mentioned in the Domesday Book. In 1127 land there was granted to the Abbey of Bermondsey, who held it until the dissolution when the lands were taken by the Crown. In 1608 the manor was granted to Robert, Earl of Salisbury. From 1692 onwards it passed to many owners including the Bennet, Scawen, Swinfen, Wager, Gashry, Goldsworthy, Gomm and Carr-Gomm families. The Gomms sold parts of the land to the Surrey Commercial Docks and for Southwark Park. The last manorial court was held in 1846.

Source of information: 'Parishes: Rotherhithe', A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 4 (1912), pp. 83-92.

The Priory of Saint John of Jerusalem was the headquarters of the Knights Hospitallers, and was situated in Clerkenwell, covering 5 acres from the surviving Saint John's Gate (now off Clerkenwell Road) down to Farringdon Street. The monastery was closed during the dissolution and the lands and buildings sold.

The Manor of Saint John of Jerusalem included those parts of the parish of Clerkenwell known as the liberties of Saint John of Jerusalem, as they were part of the priory, and some parts of adjacent parishes. The manor was held in moieties (shares or portions) and the lords held courts leet and courts baron annually on Holy Thursday [Maundy Thursday].

The Manor of Saint John of Jerusalem is sometimes referred to as the Manor of Clerkenwell, however, it should not be confused with the land at Holloway held by the Priory of Saint John of Jerusalem, and also sometimes known as the Manor of Clerkenwell.

Clink Liberty was the name commonly used for the manor of the Bishop of Winchester in Southwark. It had been granted to the bishops by King Stephen. The bishops usually had a role as royal ministers, and as the importance of Winchester decreased they commonly lived in their Southwark palace, Winchester House. The first mention of the 'Clink' occurs in 1530, when the king granted the offices of bailiff and keeper of the manor of the Clink to Thomas Dawson and William Burdett respectively. In the religious upheavals of the 1530s onwards the lordship was taken by the Crown and in 1551 this was confirmed when the Dean and Chapter of Winchester vested the manor in the king. However, the Elizabethan bishops of Winchester often lived in Southwark. At this date the house fronted the river and had its own wharf and stairs.

In 1642 the house was turned into a prison by Act of Parliament. In 1649 the trustees for the estates of bishoprics sold the "Winchester Liberty or Clink Liberty" to Thomas Walker of Southwark. On the Restoration the lordship reverted to the bishopric of Winchester, but was not used again as the episcopal residence, and was rented out to several tenants and the building deteriorated. By 1863 the property had been parcelled out to various buyers including the Metropolitan Board of Works, the Charing Cross Railway Company and the wardens of St Saviour's Church. The rights of lordship were vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.

Information from: 'The borough of Southwark: Manors', A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 4 (1912), pp. 141-151 (available online).

The Middlesex Magistrates' Courts Committee functioned for the whole County since there was no borough with a separate commission of the peace, and its members included justices representing each petty sessional division in the County.

The Committee was empowered, amongst other matters, to make representations to the Home Secretary regarding any alterations of the petty sessional divisions. It also took responsibility for the appointment of the clerks to the justices and their staff.

Under the provisions of the Justices of the Peace Act, the Middlesex County Council assumed responsibility for the provision of petty sessional courthouses, etc, and for expenses incurred by the Magistrates' Courts Committee, so there was close coordination between the Council and the Committee on all matters involving expenditure.

Source of information: Middlesex by Sir Clifford Radcliffe (2nd edition, 1954), LMA Library reference 97.09 MID.

Since 1361 the Justices of the Peace met in their court of Quarter Sessions to try offences, and also, from the mid Sixteenth Century to deal with county administration. It was from this latter date with the increase in their workload that Justices began to do some of their business (minor legal and specific administrative tasks) outside of the formal sessions, either singly or in small groups.

Occasionally the practice was ordered by government - for example an Act of 1541 ordered Justices of the Peace to meet six weeks before a Session of the Peace in divisions in the county to inquire about vagabonds and related matters. In 1605 a Council order required Justices, again in their county divisions, to meet once (from 1631, monthly) between General Sessions of the Peace to inquire into the enforcement of those statutes regarding labourers, alehouses, rogues and the Assize of Bread.

Over the next century meetings outside of sessions became more regular, and more matters were dealt with there which had previously been heard at full sessions. They were often carried out at the magistrates' own homes, sometimes at special session meetings in a local court house, tavern or other meeting place. Because of the workload for Justices in Middlesex such meetings outside of the main sessions occurred from a very early date in that County. There are references to divisional meetings and special sessions (for example rating, licensing, highway repairs) in the sessions' registers (see MJ/SB/R) which survive from 1608 - the first mention is a meeting at a sessions held in Uxbridge in 1556; and a series of minutes between 1651 - 1714 taken at monthly meetings of Justices in Brentford Division.

An order made by the Middlesex Quarter Sessions in 1705 that the "petty sessions" for the several divisions of the county should be held "at the known and usual place" indicates that their existence must have been well recognised by then. The divisional arrangement in the County was based to a large extent upon the old administrative area known as a 'hundred'. Ossulston was the largest, densely populated and further divided into several smaller parts from at least the 1680s - Holborn Division and Finsbury Division within it remained as petty sessional divisions until the late Twentieth Century. From 1828 all courts of Quarter Sessions were able to create districts or divisions specifically for petty sessions, either new areas or formalising any earlier informal divisions.

It was not only routine administration which was dealt with at these meetings, but some of the judicial procedure which needed carrying out pre-trial. Magistrates would examine alleged offenders and witnesses, take sworn statements (depositions), issue warrants for arrest or summonses to appear at court, bind over individuals to appear, and commit the accused to gaol to await trial or further investigation. Increasingly, they went further and began to sit without a jury to dispense immediate summary justice - either alone, or as a group of two or more known as the 'petty sessions'. They were, of course, hearing very minor cases such as those involving common assault, drunkenness, apprenticeship disputes, byelaw infringement, and (from 1664, MR/R/C) attendance at illegal religious assemblies. The punishment they gave here was binding over with a recognizance to keep the peace; committal to prison for a short time (with a discharge before a main trial at the sessions started); or arbitration between the parties concerned to reach a settlement.

Offences which required a jury trial would still be heard at Quarter Sessions or the Assizes (Gaol Delivery Sessions at the Old Bailey), but petty sessions avoided the expense and hassle of a full trial for what were literally petty cases.

David McIntosh acquired substantial land holdings in the Bromley by Bow area, including Bromley Hall. According to an 1882 auction catalogue listing his estate, which was being sold off after his death, the rental value of his property was £1,200 per annum.

See http://www.londonancestor.com/misc/misc-mcintosh.htm for the auction catalogue (accessed August 2011).

The boundary changes affect the following parishes:
Saint Margaret, Lee;
The Good Shepherd with Saint Peter, Lee;
Saint Mark, Lewisham;
Holy Trinity, Lee;
Saint Michael and All Angels, Blackheath Park;
Christchurch, Lee Park;
Saint James, Kidbrooke;
All Saints, Blackheath;
Saint Peter, Eltham;
Saint Andrew, Mottingham.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate. If a person died intestate (without a valid will) their money, goods and possessions passed to their next of kin through an administration (or letters of administration) which had the same form in law as a will.

Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.

A covenant or deed of covenant was an agreement entered into by one of the parties to a deed to another. A covenant for production of title deeds was an agreement to produce deeds not being handed over to a purchaser, while a covenant to surrender was an agreement to surrender copyhold land.

Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).

Common Recovery was a process by which land was transferred from one owner to another. It was a piece of legal fiction involving the party transferring the land, a notional tenant and the party acquiring the land; the tenant was ejected to effect the transfer. An exemplification was a formal copy of a court record issued with the court's seal.

A marriage settlement was a legal agreement drawn up before a marriage by the two parties, setting out terms with respect to rights of property and succession.

A bond was a deed, by which person A binds himself, his heirs, executors, or assigns to pay a certain sum of money to person B, or his heirs.

A bargain and sale was an early form of conveyance often used by executors to convey land. The bargainee, or person to whom the land was bargained and sold, took possession, often referred to as becoming 'seised' of the land.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

William Sanderson (1547/8-1638) trained as a merchant in London, before travelling throughout North Europe. By the time he returned and settled in London he was a wealthy man, having inherited property as well as making profits through trading. He married in 1584/5 and had at least 8 children, including Sir William Sanderson (1586-1676) the historian. Sanderson invested some of his wealth in new ventures, including voyages to Greenland and Baffin Island, and Ralegh's exploits in Virginia. He also supported Emery Molyneux, the first English globe maker, whose globes were presented to Queen Elizabeth. He and Ralegh fell out in 1594 over the funding of an expedition to Guiana and their friendship ended. Sanderson had to recoup considerable sums from Ralegh's estate after his execution in 1618. Sanderson himself ran into financial difficulties from around 1613 and spent some time in prison. He died in 1638 at his home on the Strand.

Information from: Anita McConnell, 'Sanderson, William (1547/8-1638)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.

At the time these documents are dated (1818-1829) a "John Souter" frequently appears in The Times newspaper advertising newly published books which can be bought at his shop, 73 St Paul's Churchyard. As the John Souter in these documents was a member of the Stationers' Company it is possible that they were the same man.

John Dence, a civil engineer, lived at 28 Mark Lane, in the City of London. Some of the records relate to a court case between Dence and Edward Clark, an architect and surveyor.

Caroline Elizabeth and Hannah Ann Le Neve, spinsters, of 14 Grove Hill Terrace, Grove Lane, Camberwell, were assigned to care for Augustus Adolphus Le Neve, sailor, said to be deranged.

Charles Shorter was a merchant living in the City of London in 1659, and in Southwark by 1691.

Sir Joshua Walmsley, (1794-1871), was the son of John Walmsley and his wife, Elizabeth Berry, and was born at Concert Street, Liverpool, on 29 September 1794. Joshua was educated at Knowsley, Lancashire, and Eden Hall, Westmorland. On the death of his father in 1807 he became a teacher in Eden Hall School, and on returning to Liverpool in 1811 took a similar situation in Mr Knowles's school. He was then employed by a corn merchant in 1814, and at the end of his engagement went into the same business himself, and ultimately acquired a comfortable income. He married in 1815 Adeline, née Mulleneux. In 1826 he became president of the Liverpool Mechanics' Institute, and about the same time began his close friendship and business partnership with George Stephenson. Elected a member of the Liverpool town council in 1835, he worked to improve the police, sanitary, and educational affairs of the borough; he was notable for promoting non-sectarian schools. He was appointed mayor in November 1838 and knighted in 1840 on presenting an address to Queen Victoria from the town council of Liverpool on the occasion of her marriage. Walmsley was the founder in 1848, president, and chief organizer of the National Reform Association and was a supporter of the forty-shilling freehold movement. In 1849 he was returned as MP for Bolton, Lancashire, but in 1852 exchanged that seat for Leicester, where his efforts on behalf of the framework knitters had made him popular. His parliamentary campaign for a reform bill was overshadowed by continental affairs. As proprietor of the Daily News, he adopted a non-interventionist stance during the Crimean War. Walmsley died on 17 November 1871 at his residence at Hume Towers, Bournemouth. His wife survived him by two years. Source: C. W. Sutton, 'Walmsley, Sir Joshua (1794-1871)', rev. Matthew Lee, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004

William Allcard (b 1801) was an engineer who worked with George Stephenson. He was responsible for the design of the Sankey Viaduct on the Liverpool to Manchester Railway.

Paton and Charles, soap manufacturers, were based at 148 High Street, Bow Common. The company was purchased by D. and W. Gibbs, Ltd, a soap manufacturer established in 1712.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".