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An 'indenture' was a deed or agreement between two or more parties. Two or more copies were written out, usually on one piece of parchment or paper, and then cut in a jagged or curvy line, so that when brought together again at any time, the two edges exactly matched and showed that they were parts of one and the same original document. A 'right hand indenture' is therefore the copy of the document which was on the right hand side when the parchment was cut in two.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

The Craven family holdings in Paddington were established by William Craven, Lord Craven (died 1697), from 1670 to 1687. His successor William, Lord Craven (died 1739) added to the holdings, purchasing houses and land from Tyburn manor. By 1795 the land was known as Craven Hill, and some development had taken place by 1811 when Robert Shirley, Earl Ferrers, was granted a lease of number 3 Craven Hill. The estate continued to develop as detached and terraced houses were constructed up to 1854.

The Lord at the time these volumes were prepared was William Christian Frederick Craven (1738-1828), the 6th Baron Craven.

From: 'Paddington: Manors and Other Estates', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 9: Hampstead, Paddington (1989), pp. 226-233 (available online).

These papers were collected for their general or antiquarian interest rather than having a united provenance (that is, being produced by the same institution or business).

Haxells Hotel on the Strand was purchased by its more successful neighbour, the Strand Palace Hotel, in the 1920s, and the two buildings were merged.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).

A quitclaim was a deed renouncing any possible right to a property. The name comes from the Latin Quietus Clamatus.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Phoenix Assurance Company was founded in 1782. It was taken over by Sun Alliance in 1984.

Victoria Park Cemetery was a private enterprise started by a limited company in 1845 to take advantage of the market for burials created by the inability of church graveyards to accept any more dead. However, the cemetery went bankrupt in 1853, unable to attract wealthy customers. The business was bought out by one of the directors and continued. The cemetery was not consecrated and closed in 1876. In 1885 it was turned into a recreation ground.

An article in The Times newspaper of April 13 1901 reports on a court case involving Edwin Brady. It states that he was the publican at the "Hole in the Wall" public house for 19 years and that the public house was "famous in the neighbourhood as a museum, the appellant [Brady] having a very large collection of stuffed animals, skeletons and other curiosities".

London Tramways Company Limited of 80 Blackfriars Road opened its first route in 1870 and continued expanding until it reached its full 24 miles by 1892 to become the largest of the southern tramway systems. It laid lines on the major routes from the Thames road bridges to Tooting, Streatham, New Cross and Greenwich, operating 399 horse cars, as well as 40 cable tramcars on the short cable operated section from Kennington Gate to Streatham. Since the whole system was inside the council boundary, it was all acquired by the LCC in 1899 which then made plans for electricification.

W Barnett and Company are described in their adverts as "Merchants, Colonial, Shipping and General Agents".

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

If a person died intestate (without a valid will) their money, goods and possessions passed to their next of kin through an administration (or letters of administration) which had the same form in law as a will.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

An opening date is not known for the Majestic Cinema, but it is listed in the Kinematograph Yearbook 1937 edition as operating with a seating capacity of 700.

By 1940 it had been taken over by Capital and Provincial Cinemas Ltd and re-named Vogue Cinema. Capital and Provincial Cinemas Ltd were later renamed Classic Cinemas. They specialised in re-runs of classic Hollywood films. It had become the Vogue Repertory Cinema by 1945 and the seating capacity had been reduced to 451. In the mid-1950's it began screening mainly foreign films and was re-named the Vogue Continental.

It closed on 21st June 1958 as a protest by Classic Cinemas against the landlord's rent rise. The building was shuttered and remained closed for 42 years. In November 2000 work began to convert the building into a restaurant and residential use.

Source of information: Website 'Cinema Treasures' at http://cinematreasures.org/theater/14875/ (accessed Nov 2009)

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

A covenant or deed of covenant was an agreement entered into by one of the parties to a deed to another. A covenant for production of title deeds was an agreement to produce deeds not being handed over to a purchaser, while a covenant to surrender was an agreement to surrender copyhold land.

Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.

If a person died intestate (without a valid will) their money, goods and possessions passed to their next of kin through an administration (or letters of administration) which had the same form in law as a will.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Henry William Crundall and Albert Edward Beckeley Crundall traded as William Crundall and Company of Dover, Kent.

The writer and diarist John Evelyn (1620-1706) came from a landed estate at Wotton in Surrey. although as a younger son he did not expect to inherit the family lands. In 1647 he married Mary Browne, sole heir of Sir Richard Browne, and through this marriage gained Sayes Court in Deptford with surrounding lands (as confirmed by a grant from Charles II). Evelyn had a stong interest in horticulture and created a famous garden at Sayes Court.

However, Evelyn's elder brother died and he did inherit the Surrey estates, moving there and letting out the house at Deptford. His most famous tenant was Peter the Great, czar of Russia, who was visiting Deptford to study shipbuilding and whose drunken revelries caused damage to the gardens. The estate remained in the Evelyn family, although the manor house was torn down in 1728 and a workhouse and the Admiralty Victualling Yard were built on the site.

Wotton and the other Evelyn estates passed down to Evelyn's great-great-grandson Sir Frederick Evelyn, 3rd baronet (1733-1812). In 1884 W J Evelyn granted some of the land to the London County Council to create a public open space.

The "Rosemary Branch" tavern, in Southampton Street, which stands at the junction of the Commercial Road, was a well-known metropolitan hostelry at the commencement of the century. The old house, which was pulled down many years ago, was a picturesque structure, with rustic surroundings. When the new house was erected it was described, in a print of the time, as an "establishment which has no suburban rival." The grounds surrounding it were most extensive, and horse-racing, cricketing, pigeon-shooting, and all kinds of out-door sports and pastimes were carried on within them. The grounds have now been almost entirely covered with houses.

From: 'Peckham and Dulwich', Old and New London: Volume 6 (1878), pp. 286-303.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

The document relates to the invention of an improved self acting steam water lift and injector by Edwin William Thomas, New Road, Bermondsey, and Edward Nightscales, 9 Albany Road, Old Kent Road.

Letters patent is a document which grants for a set period the sole right to make, use, or sell some process, invention, or commodity.

According to A History of the County of Middlesex: "The almshouses called Cooke's Rents, whose lease was shortly to revert to the lord, were conveyed in 1837 by W. G. Daniel-Tyssen to the select vestry of West Hackney, which vested the management in a committee of subscribers. Inmates were chosen in 1841, after the building had been repaired and renamed West Hackney almshouses. The site was compulsorily purchased for a school playground in 1885, whereupon new almshouses were opened in 1889 on the opposite side of what had become Northwold Road. Under a Scheme of 1890 the eight tenements might be occupied by single people or couples who had lived in West Hackney parish for five years or more, with preference for those reduced from better circumstances; they were to receive 3s. to 5s. a week but must already possess at least 3s. a week. Although no income was derived from the Eltham property, Anna Wilmot augmented the subscriptions by giving £500 stock in 1887. The charity had c. £1,003 stock and total receipts of £270 in 1893. The income was £336 in 1963, when a Scheme slightly altered the inmates' payments, and £2,849 in 1975, when £2,100 was contributed by West Hackney Parochial charities".

From: 'Hackney: Charities for the Poor', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 10: Hackney (1995), pp. 166-172. URL: [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22719&strquery=west hackney almshouse](http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22719&strquery=west hackney almshouse) Date accessed: 29 July 2010.

John Heath, John Lymell and Joseph Manlove became co-partners as fishmongers and dealers in venison with shops at Temple Bar, Saint Clement Danes and Berkeley Square in 1759.

In September 1832 socialist reformer Robert Owen, famed for the model community at the New Lanark mills, opened the Equitable Labour Exchange on Grays Inn Road. The Exchange used a new currency which was based on labour. Workers could exchange goods for notes according to the time they had taken to make the goods. The notes were measured in hours. The notes could then be exchanged for goods of equal 'time value'. Problems soon arose with the system, partly because the assessors over-valued goods, and because tradesmen would bring in low quality items, trade them for notes, trade these for high-quality goods, and sell these goods at a profit. The Exchange closed in 1834.

The church of Saint George in the East, Stepney, was one of three Stepney churches built under the 1711 "Act for the building of Fifty New Churches in the Cities of London and Westminster or the Suburbs thereof" to be paid for by a tax levied on coal entering the City of London. The church was designed by Nicholas Hawksmoor to serve the residents of Upper Wapping, however it was not consecrated until 1729 because of financial difficulties. It has a 160 foot tower. The east window was designed by Sir Joshua Reynolds.

The church was the centre of a controversy in the 1850s when the Presbyterian Bishop of London A C Tait replaced the high church rector with a low church preacher, causing demonstrations and unrest and the eventual temporary closure of the church.

The interior of the church was gutted during World War II, but the exterior was left intact. After the bombing, services continued in a shed at the rear. In 1963 a new church, by Arthur Baily, was built within the Hawksmoor shell. The original apse with its plasterwork and the font at the west end have been retained. There was space for an inner courtyard between the original west front and the new, which was built entirely of glass. On either side of the courtyard, the former galleries incorporate four flats which were given the Civic Trust Award in 1967.

The sales particulars are for 36a St James' Street, Walthamstow, 368 Kings Road, Chelsea and 173 Stroud Green Road, Stroud Green.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

A covenant or deed of covenant was an agreement entered into by one of the parties to a deed to another. A covenant for production of title deeds was an agreement to produce deeds not being handed over to a purchaser, while a covenant to surrender was an agreement to surrender copyhold land.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

A covenant or deed of covenant was an agreement entered into by one of the parties to a deed to another. A covenant for production of title deeds was an agreement to produce deeds not being handed over to a purchaser, while a covenant to surrender was an agreement to surrender copyhold land.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Doctors' Commons, also called the College of Civilians, was a society of lawyers practising civil law in London. Like the Inns of Court of the common lawyers, the society had buildings with rooms where its members lived and worked, and a big library. Court proceedings of the civil law courts were also held in Doctors' Commons. It was situated on Queen Victoria Street, Blackfriars.

New Inn is one of the Inns of Chancery in Holborn, a group of buildings and legal institutions in London initially attached to the Inns of Court and used as offices for the clerks of chancery, from which they drew their name.

The records relate to an unidentified person, possibly Thomas Arnold Junior. Places referred to are mainly in the Stepney area.

Saint Mary's Nunnery of Augustinian canonesses, founded in 1140, was dissolved in 1539 and the church converted to the parish church of Clerkenwell, dedicated to St James. In the 1780s the building was declared ruinous and demolished. The present church was built 1788-92 by the architect James Carr, on the site of the choir of the mediaeval nunnery.

Pentonville was laid out as a planned development on land belonging to Henry Penton. The developers provided a church, constructed from 1787, but the parish of Clerkenwell refused responsibility for it. However, when the parish trustees required funds to rebuild St James's in 1788, they purchased the new church in return for a loan to their building fund. The Pentonville church thereafter operated as a chapel of ease to the parish church.

Bagnigge House was situated off King's Cross Road, Clerkenwell. Bagnigge Wells was established as a popular spa resort in 1758 when the owner of the House, Thomas Hughes, found that water from his well was a good purgative. He opened his gardens to the public, charging 3d to taste the waters, and adding entertainments, tea rooms, flower gardens, fish ponds and benches beside the Fleet River, which flowed through the garden. Concerts and entertainments were held in the pump rooms. The Wells were a fashionable retreat until the beginning of the 19th century; by 1810 they were the resort of 'lower class tradesmen' (Lysons). The Wells were closed in 1841 and the site was built over.

Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).

Edgar Quinet (1803-1875) was a French historian and radical. There are several schools named after him in Paris.

The church of All Hallows London Wall was first mentioned in the early 12th century. A cell for anchorites built next to the chancel wall in 1474 was subsequently occupied by the well-known hermit, Simon the Anker. The church was rebuilt in 1613-27. It escaped damage during the Great Fire in 1666 and was rebuilt in 1765-67 by George Dance the Younger. Repairs were carried out in 1891 and again in 1960-62.

The parish of All Hallows London Wall was united with the parish of Saint Botolph Bishopsgate in 1954. Since that date it has been used as a guild church.

The church of All Hallows Staining is first mentioned in 1177; although the origin of the word 'Staining' in the name is unclear. It may be that the site belonged to the manor of Staines. Queen Elizabeth I gave thanks in this church after her release from the Tower of London. The building survived the Great Fire of 1666 but collapsed in 1671, undermined by too many burials. It was rebuilt, but was subsequently demolished in 1870 except for the tower. The church of All Hallows, Bromley-by-Bow, was constructed using the proceeds from the sale of the site. The parish of All Hallows Staining was united to the parish of St Olave Hart Street in 1870.

The Society for the Commemoration of the accession of Queen Elizabeth I was a dining and campanological society.

Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).

History of the united parishes of Saint Mary at Hill, Saint Andrew Hubbard, Saint George Botolph Lane and Saint Botolph Billingsgate:

The churches of Saint Botolph and Saint Andrew Hubbard were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. The parish of Saint Mary at Hill was united to the parish of Saint Andrew Hubbard in 1670. The parish of Saint George Botolph Lane was united to the parish of Saint Botolph Billingsgate in 1670. The united parishes of Saint George and Saint Botolph were joined with the united parishes of Saint Mary and Saint Andrew in 1901; and the church of Saint George was demolished in 1903-4.

The church of Saint Andrew Hubbard is first mentioned in records in 1202. The name Hubbard probably derives from a benefactor. The church was repaired in 1630 only to be destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666. It was not rebuilt; and in 1670 the parish was united with Saint Mary at Hill (P69/MRY4). A plaque at 16 Eastcheap marks the site of the church.

Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).

The church of Saint Antholin was an ancient church, which was destroyed during the Great Fire of London in 1666. The parish was united with Saint John the Baptist Walbrook (P69/JNB), and the church was rebuilt by Wren in 1678. It was described as one of his finest buildings, but was destroyed in 1875 after the parish was merged with the united parish of Saint Mary Aldermary (P69/MRY2) and Saint Thomas Apostle (P69/TMS1). The money made from the sale of the site was put towards the construction of Saint Antholin, Peckham, and the reredos was transferred to the new church. Part of the spire was sold to the Forest Hill Social Club and stands in their garden.

Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).

The church of Saint Bartholomew the Less, West Smithfield, was founded in about 1184 as a chapel of Saint Bartholomew's Hospital. It was made a parish church when Henry VIII refounded the hospital. George Dance the Younger remodelled the interior in 1789, while the nave was rebuilt in 1823-25. The church was badly damaged in the Second World War and was reopened after restoration in 1956. Architect Inigo Jones was christened here in 1573; and many doctors and other staff from Saint Bartholomew's Hospital are buried here.

Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).

History of the united parishes:

The churches of Saint Andrew by the Wardrobe, Saint Ann Blackfriars, Saint Peter Paul's Wharf, Saint Benet Paul's Wharf, Saint Mary Mounthaw, Saint Nicholas Cole Abbey and Saint Nicholas Olave were all destroyed in the Great Fire.

Saint Ann Blackfriars was not rebuilt and the parish united to Saint Andrew by the Wardrobe in 1670. Similarly, Saint Peter Paul's Wharf was united to Saint Benet Paul's Wharf in 1670, and Saint Nicholas Olave was united to Saint Nicholas Cole Abbey in 1670. Saint Mary Mounthaw was united to Saint Mary Somerset in 1670 and the parishes were united to Saint Nicholas Cole Abbey in 1866.

Saint Benet Paul's Wharf was rebuilt by Wren, 1677-83 and the parish united to Saint Nicholas Cole Abbey in 1879, when the church became the London church of the Welsh Episcopalians. Saint Nicholas Cole Abbey was rebuilt by Wren in 1677, gutted in 1941 and restored in 1962. The parish was united to Saint Andrew by the Wardrobe in 1954.

The church of Saint Andrew by the Wardrobe was rebuilt by Wren, but destroyed in 1940, except for the walls and tower. In 1955-61 it was rebuilt to Wren's original plans.

The church of Saint Stephen Walbrook was founded on the west bank of the Walbrook (a stream flowing from Finsbury through the City and into the Thames) sometime before 1096, and rebuilt on the east bank in 1429-39. The church was burned down in the Great Fire of London in 1666, but rebuilt by Christopher Wren in 1672-79. It was badly damaged through bombing in 1940.

The church of Saint Benet Sherehog was built sometime before 1111 in the centre of the wool district, a shere hog being the name for a castrated ram. The church was destroyed in the Great Fire and not rebuilt. As a result of this, in 1670 the Parish of Saint Stephen Walbrook was united with Saint Benet Sherehog.

Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).

History of the united parish:

The churches of All Hallows Lombard Street, Saint Benet Gracechurch, Saint Dionis Backchurch, Saint Edmund the King and Martyr, Saint Leonard Eastcheap and Saint Nicholas Acons were all destroyed in the Great Fire in 1666. Saint Edmund the King and Martyr was rebuilt by Wren and Robert Hooke in 1670-9 and the spire completed in 1708. Saint Dionis Backchurch was rebuilt by Wren in 1670-84, Saint Benet Gracechurch Street in 1681-87 and All Hallows Lombard Street in 1686-94. The churches of Saint Leonard Eastcheap and Saint Nicholas Acons were not rebuilt; however, the site of the former was retained as a burial ground until 1882.

The parish of Saint Edmund the King and Martyr, Lombard Street, was united to the parish of Saint Nicholas Acons in 1670. The parish of Saint Benet Gracechurch was united to the parish of Saint Leonard Eastcheap in 1670. The united parishes of Saint Benet Gracechurch and Saint Leonard Eastcheap were united to the parish of All Hallows Lombard Street in 1864. The parish of Saint Dionis Backchurch was joined to All Hallows Lombard Street and united parishes in 1876. These united parishes were joined to the united parishes of Saint Edmund the King and Martyr and Saint Nicholas Acons in 1937 to form Saint Edmund the King and Martyr and united parishes.

The church of Saint Benet Gracechurch was demolished in 1867, the church of Saint Dionis Backchurch in 1878 and the church of All Hallows Lombard Street in 1938 and the sites sold off. The proceeds of these sales were used to fund the building of new churches namely Saint Benet Mile End Road, Saint Dionis Parsons Green, and All Hallows, Chertsey Road, Twickenham and All Saints Queensbury. The tower of All Hallows Lombard Street was reconstructed as part of All Hallows, Chertsey Road. Saint Edmund the King and Martyr remains the parish church.

The church of Saint Giles Cripplegate, Fore Street, was founded in the 11th century. It suffered extensive fire damage in 1545 and was rebuilt. It survived the Great Fire, but during the Second World War, it was it was bombed and burnt twice, and was subsequently rebuilt in 1952-60. In 1954, the united parishes of Saint Alphage London Wall and Saint Mary Aldermanbury were united to the parish of Saint Giles Cripplegate.

Records of the Metropolitan Dispensary, Fore Street: The Metropolitan Dispensary and Charitable Fund was established in 1779 for the relief of the sick poor. It also gave maternity assistance to poor married women in their own homes. The dispensary was closed in 1920. Its assets were transferred to the Cripplegate Foundation, to whose archive these minutes now belong.

Records of the Cripplegate Church Foundation: The Cripplegate Church Foundation was founded in 1892 for the upkeep of the fabric of Saint Giles' church. The trustees met initially at Quest House in Fore Street, but from around 1897 meetings were held at the Cripplegate Institute.

Records of the Cripplegate Foundation: The Cripplegate Foundation was established in 1891 to administer the charities of Saint Giles Cripplegate and to establish and maintain the Cripplegate Institute, chiefly for use as a reading room and library.

History of the united parishes of Saint Mary Aldermary, Saint Thomas Apostle, Saint Antholin Budge Row and Saint John the Baptist Walbrook:

The parish of Saint Mary Aldermary is 11th century in origin. The parish church was rebuilt after the Great Fire of 1666 and, in 1670, the parish was united with Saint Thomas Apostle.

Saint John the Baptist, Walbrook, was constructed around 1150 on the banks of the Walbrook stream, which ran from Finsbury through the City to the Thames. It was destroyed during the Great Fire and not rebuilt.

The parish church of Saint Antholin Budge Row was also rebuilt after the Great Fire and, in 1670, the parish was united with Saint John the Baptist Walbrook. Finally, the four parishes were united with each other in 1873 and the church of Saint Antholin was demolished the following year.

History of the united parish:

The churches of Holy Trinity the Less and Saint James Garlickhithe were both destroyed by the Great Fire of London, 1666. The church of Holy Trinity the Less was not rebuilt. The church of Saint James Garlickhithe was rebuilt by Wren 1676-1683 and a steeple was added 1714-1717. During the Second World War the church was damaged and restoration took place in 1954-1963. The church of Saint Michael Queenhithe was also burned in the Great Fire and rebuilt by Wren 1676-1677, being finally demolished in 1876. The parishes of Holy Trinity the Less and Saint Michael Queenhithe were united to Saint James Garlickhithe in 1875.

History of the united parishes of Saint Lawrence Jewry, Saint Mary Magdalen Milk Street and Saint Michael Bassishaw:

Saint Lawrence Jewry is situated on Gresham Street, near the Guildhall. It was founded in the 12th century. It was destroyed during the Great Fire of London in 1666, and was rebuilt by Wren in 1671-77. The building was badly damaged by enemy action in 1940, and was rebuilt in 1954-57.

The parish of Saint Mary Magdalen Milk Street was united to the parish of Saint Lawrence Jewry in 1670 after it had been destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. In 1897 the foundations of Saint Michael Bassishaw were severely damaged when the crypt was cleared of human remains; the church was demolished and the parish united to the parish of Saint Lawrence Jewry the same year. Saint Lawrence Jewry now functions as a guild church for the Corporation of London; the Lord Mayor and Corporation have worshipped here since 1820.

History of the united parish:

The parish of Saint Edmund the King and Martyr was united to the parish of Saint Nicholas Acons in 1670. The parish of Saint Benet Gracechurch was united to the parish of Saint Leonard Eastcheap in 1670. The united parishes of Saint Benet Gracechurch and Saint Leonard Eastcheap were united to the parish of All Hallows Lombard Street in 1864. The parish of Saint Dionis Backchurch was joined to All Hallows Lombard Street and united parishes in 1876. These united parishes were joined to the united parishes of Saint Edmund the King and Martyr and Saint Nicholas Acons in 1937 to form Saint Edmund the King and Martyr and united parishes.

The churches of All Hallows Lombard Street, Saint Benet Gracechurch, Saint Dionis Backchurch, Saint Edmund the King and Martyr, Saint Leonard Eastcheap and Saint Nicholas Acons were all destroyed in the Great Fire in 1666. Saint Edmund the King and Martyr was rebuilt by Wren and Robert Hooke in 1670-9 and the spire completed in 1708. Saint Dionis Backchurch was rebuilt by Wren in 1670-84, Saint Benet Gracechurch Street in 1681-87 and All Hallows Lombard Street in 1686-94. The churches of Saint Leonard Eastcheap and Saint Nicholas Acons were not rebuilt; however, the site of the former was retained as a burial ground until 1882.

The church of Saint Benet Gracechurch was demolished in 1867, the church of Saint Dionis Backchurch in 1878 and the church of All Hallows Lombard Street in 1938 and the sites sold off. The proceeds of these sales were used to fund the building of new churches namely Saint Benet Mile End Road, Saint Dionis Parsons Green, and All Hallows, Chertsey Road, Twickenham and All Saints Queensbury. The tower of All Hallows Lombard Street was reconstructed as part of All Hallows, Chertsey Road. Saint Edmund the King and Martyr remains the parish church.

History of the united parishes of Christchurch Newgate Street and Saint Leonard Foster Lane, and the former parish of Saint Nicholas Shambles:

The church of Saint Nicholas Shambles was built some time before 1196. It was demolished in 1547 and the parish dissolved. The parish of Christchurch Newgate Street (also known as Christchurch Greyfriars) was formed in the same year to replace the parish of Saint Nicholas Shambles and also that of Saint Ewin. Very little is known about the parish of Saint Ewin, and no records are known to have survived.

The church of the former monastery of the Friars Minor, or Grey Friars, became the parish church of the new parish of Christchurch Newgate Street. The first church built on the site in 1225 was for the Friars, but it was rebuilt by 1348. In turn this was destroyed by the Great Fire and was rebuilt by Wren in 1687-1704. Apart from the steeple this church was destroyed in the Blitz. The steeple tower and vestry have been restored and the rest of the site turned into a garden. The church of Saint Leonard Foster Lane was destroyed in the Great Fire and not rebuilt and in 1670 the parish was united to Christchurch Newgate Street.

The first recorded mention of Saint Magnus the Martyr is in 1067. The present church was rebuilt in 1671-76. It is situated on Lower Thames Street. The parish of Saint Margaret New Fish Street was united with Saint Magnus the Martyr following the destruction of the church in the Great Fire of 1666.

The church of Saint Michael Crooked Lane was rebuilt after the Great Fire, between 1684-89, but was eventually demolished in 1831, to make way for King William Street, and the parish was also united with Saint Magnus the Martyr.

The parish of Saint Margaret New Fish Street was united with Saint Magnus the Martyr following the destruction of the church in the Great Fire of 1666. Saint Margaret's was not rebuilt.

The church of Saint Michael Crooked Lane was rebuilt after the Great Fire, between 1684-9, but was eventually demolished in 1831, to make way for King William Street, and the parish was also united with Saint Magnus the Martyr.

History of the united parishes of Saint Lawrence Jewry, Saint Mary Magdalen Milk Street and Saint Michael Bassishaw:

The parish of Saint Mary Magdalen Milk Street was united to the parish of Saint Lawrence Jewry in 1670 after it had been destroyed in the Great Fire.

In 1897 the foundations of Saint Michael Bassishaw were severely damaged when the crypt was cleared of human remains; the church was demolished and the parish united to the parish of Saint Lawrence Jewry the same year.

Saint Lawrence Jewry now functions as a guild church for the Corporation of London.

Saint Mildred Bread Street was constructed before 1252. It was burned down during the 1666 Great Fire of London and was rebuilt by Wren. The parish was united with Saint Margaret Moses (P69/MGT2), which was destroyed by the Fire and not rebuilt. Saint Mildred's was destroyed by bombing in 1941 and the parish was united to Saint Mary le Bow, along with the parishes of Saint Pancras Soper Lane, All Hallows Honey Lane, Saint John the Evangelist Friday Street and All Hallows Bread Street.

The church of Saint Mary Abchurch was founded in the 12th century and belonged to the Prior of Saint Mary Overie (now Southwark Cathedral). The medieval church was destroyed during the Great Fire of 1666 and the church was rebuilt by Christopher Wren between 1681 and 1696. It was badly damaged by bombing in 1940 and was carefully restored. It is now one of the City of London's Guild Churches.

The church of Saint Lawrence Pountney had been destroyed in the Great Fire of London and was not rebuilt and in circa 1670 the two parishes were united.

Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).

History of the united parishes:

The churches of Saint Andrew by the Wardrobe, Saint Ann Blackfriars, Saint Peter Paul's Wharf, Saint Benet Paul's Wharf, Saint Mary Mounthaw, Saint Nicholas Cole Abbey and Saint Nicholas Olave were all destroyed in the Great Fire of London, 1666.

Saint Ann Blackfriars was not rebuilt and the parish united to Saint Andrew by the Wardrobe in 1670. Similarly, Saint Peter Paul's Wharf was united to Saint Benet Paul's Wharf in 1670, and Saint Nicholas Olave was united to Saint Nicholas Cole Abbey in 1670.

Saint Mary Mounthaw was originally a private chapel for the Montenhaut family. It was not rebuilt after the Great Fire and the parish was united to Saint Mary Somerset in 1670, and the united parish was united to Saint Nicholas Cole Abbey in 1866.

Saint Benet Paul's Wharf was rebuilt by Wren, 1677-83 and the parish united to Saint Nicholas Cole Abbey in 1879, when the church became the London church of the Welsh Episcopalians. Saint Nicholas Cole Abbey was rebuilt by Wren in 1677, gutted in 1941 and restored in 1962. The parish was united to Saint Andrew by the Wardrobe in 1954.

The church of Saint Andrew by the Wardrobe was rebuilt by Wren, but destroyed in 1940, except for the walls and tower. In 1955-61 it was rebuilt to Wren's original plans.

The church of Saint Mary le Bow is famed for housing the 'Bow Bells'; if a person is born within the sound of Bow Bells they are a true Cockney. The first mention of the church is in 1091. It was a 'peculiar', owned by the Archbishop of Canterbury and exempt from the jurisdiction of the Bishop of London. The Court of Arches (named after the arches in the Norman crypt) sat here until 1847. The church was burned down during the Great Fire of London, 1666, and rebuilt to designs by Wren, completed in 1673. Damage occurred during the Second World War and restorations took place in 1956-1962.

The parish of St Mary le Bow was united to the parishes of All Hallows Honey Lane and Saint Pancras Soper Lane in 1670. The united parishes of Saint John the Evangelist Friday Street and All Hallows Bread Street were joined with the united parishes of Saint Mary, Saint Pancras and All Hallows Honey Lane in 1876. The church of Saint Mary remains a parish church.

Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).