The Association was formed in 1949 to represent the interests of insurers in the aviation industry, and its board was made up of representatives of those companies. It was mainly based at 70/72 King William Street.
Princess Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was born on 17 May 1768 at Brunswick, the second daughter of Karl II, duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, and Princess Augusta, sister of George III. She was married to George, Prince of Wales on 8 April. The Prince was reportedly the worse for alcohol and had to be supported to go through the ceremony. This inauspicious beginning heralded a series of quarrels between the royal couple. Caroline alleged that throughout the honeymoon the Prince consorted with his drunken cronies and ignored her. On his part, the Prince took offence at Caroline's accusation that he had mistresses, refused to change his social and domestic habits for her benefit, and demanded that she should submit to his authority, which she refused to do.
The only child of this stormy marriage, Princess Charlotte Augusta (1796-1817), was born on 7 January 1796. Caroline had attempted to live on amicable terms with George, but he neglected her and she became increasingly lonely, bored, and resentful. The inevitable separation took place in 1796. Caroline left Carlton House in 1797 and went to live in a rented house near Blackheath. The Prince would have forbidden her access to her child, but King George III, who always favoured Caroline, insisted that she should be allowed to visit Charlotte.
Caroline made no attempt to exploit her situation politically. She remained prominent in society and entertained frequently at Blackheath, often in an informal and high-spirited atmosphere. During the Regency she was excluded from the court and only with difficulty could she obtain permission to see Charlotte, who was educated under the Prince of Wales's supervision. Caroline therefore decided to leave England, and set off on a series of travels, initially to Brunswick but shortly afterwards around the Mediterranean. Almost weekly reports came in of indiscreet and scandalous behaviour, improper entertainments in which she took part, and extravagant and theatrical behaviour which became a subject of scandal in the newspapers, providing further ammunition for her estranged husband in his efforts to divorce her.
As soon as George IV became king Caroline set off for England to claim her position as Queen. She was met at St Omer by Henry Brougham, whom she made her Attorney-General, and by Lord Hutchinson on behalf of the Cabinet who brought a proposal, reluctantly accepted by the King, to give her an annuity of £50,000 provided she would not cross the Channel nor claim the title of Queen. She refused, despite Brougham's plea to her to negotiate a settlement. She was now being advised by Matthew Wood, an alderman and former Lord Mayor of London, who represented a group of metropolitan radicals who wanted to use her to stir up opposition to the king and the government. The Queen's arrival became, as the government had feared, the occasion for widespread public rejoicings. She reached London on 6 June and went first to Alderman Wood's house in South Audley Street, later renting Brandenburg House at Hammersmith. Throughout the proceedings against her in the summer and autumn of 1820 she was the focus of many demonstrations, receiving over 350 addresses of support from all sections of the population, many from groups of women who saw her as a symbol of the oppression of their sex. She also had the support of The Times and many other opposition or radical newspapers. She herself had no interest in or sympathy with radicalism, but her cause was now overtly political as the nation divided into two camps.
The Cabinet, spurred on by the vengeful King, unwillingly prepared a bill of pains and penalties to strip Caroline of her title and to end her marriage by Act of Parliament. The bill was introduced into the House of Lords on 17 August. It was one of the most spectacular and dramatic events of the century. The Queen's progresses to and from Westminster to attend the 'trial', as it became known, were attended by cheering crowds; deputations by the dozen visited Brandenburg House to present addresses, the newspapers published verbatim accounts of the Lords' proceedings, and the caricaturists on both sides had a field day. So obscene were some of the prints against the King that over £2500 was spent in buying them up and suppressing their publication. Against this proof of public support for the Queen the 'trial' was doomed to failure. The witnesses were clearly unreliable and were discredited by the cross-examination of her counsel, Henry Brougham and Thomas Denman. Many of the witnesses were believed to have been bribed or intimidated, and the widespread knowledge that George himself had had several mistresses added to the belief that Caroline was a victim, if not an entirely innocent one, of royal and political persecution. In the end, though the circumstantial evidence against her was strong enough to convince many peers of her guilt, many also feared that her condemnation would spark off popular rioting or even revolution. Ministers realized that even if the Lords passed the bill the House of Commons would almost certainly reject it under intense pressure from their constituents. The bill passed its third reading in the Lords by only nine votes and Liverpool, the Prime Minister, announced on 10 November that it would proceed no further.
Caroline had not, strictly speaking, been acquitted of the charges against her, but the public verdict was in her favour as a wronged woman unjustly persecuted by a husband no better than she was. A great crowd turned out to witness her procession to a thanksgiving service organized by her supporters in St Paul's Cathedral on 29 November 1820, when the psalm ordered for the service was no. 140-'Deliver me, O Lord, from the evil man'. Nevertheless, attempts to exploit her victory were unsuccessful. The Cabinet rejected her demand for a palace and the King refused to let her be crowned with him. He was supported by the Privy Council who declared that a Queen had no inherent right to coronation, which was at her husband's discretion. When she tried to force her way into the Abbey on coronation day, 20 July 1821, she was humiliated by being refused entry and she was jeered by the crowd that had so recently acclaimed her.
Caroline now accepted the Government's offer of an allowance of £50,000 a year if she went to live abroad, but less than a fortnight after the coronation she was taken ill at the theatre, and after a short but painful illness she died, apparently of an intestinal obstruction, on 7 August 1821. She wished to be buried beside her father at Brunswick, and the British government was only too anxious to get her corpse out of the country. Her funeral procession was intended to pass round to the north of the City of London to avoid public demonstrations. The cortège was intercepted by a crowd at Hyde Park Corner and forced to go through the city after a battle with the Life Guards in which two men were killed by the soldiers. The coffin was eventually embarked from Harwich, her supporters placing on it as it left British waters the inscription 'Caroline, the injured Queen of England'. Her body was taken to Brunswick and laid in the ducal vault on 24 August.
Source: E. A. Smith, 'Caroline (1768-1821)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004.
The Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway Company was incorporated on 6 August 1860, and the line opened on 23 September 1868. It ran between Aylesbury and Verney Junction. A planned extension to Buckingham was never completed.
In 1891 the Metropolitan Railway Company acquired the Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway Company and used its line as a northern extension of the Metropolitan Railway.
No historical information could be found for Aylott and Mannion.
Gladys Aylward was born in 1902 in Edmonton, North London. Following service as a housemaid, and rejection by the China Inland Mission, she went to China as an independent missionary. Travelling on the Trans-Siberian Railway to Tientsin she then continued to the province of Shansi in North-West China, where she worked from 1931. She became a Chinese citizen in 1936. In 1940, against the background of government, communist and Japanese warfare she led a group of orphans on a perilous journey to Sian. She returned to England during the Second World War, but returned to work with children at the Gladys Aylward Children's Home in Taiwan from the late 1940s until near her death in 1970.
Her life was the basis of the 1959 film 'The Inn of the Sixth Happiness' starring Ingrid Bergman. A number of books have also been written about her life including: Gladys Aylward, One of the Undefeated by R O Latham (1950); The Small Women by Alan Burgess (1957); London Sparrow by Phyllis Thompson (1989); and Gladys Aylward: the Courageous English Missionary by Catherine Swift (1989).
No biographical information was available at the time of compilation.
The business was founded by William Newton (born c 1741). He later worked in partnership with his two sons, Benjamin and John. B and J Newton were based at 27 (later 17) Birchin Lane in the early 19th century. At the time of cataloguing (2007) the firm was based at 68 Lombard Street.
B E Bird and Company Limited was incorporated in 1935 with a registered office at 22 St Thomas' Street, London Bridge, SE1. The directors were Edgar Miller and Mrs Beatrice Ellen Bird. The company owned a chain of off-licences, mainly in Surrey. Company number: 302522.
This firm of dispensing and manufacturing chemists was founded in 1831 by Bartlett Hooper. In 1881 the name was changed to Bartlett Hooper and Company, and in 1892 to B. Hooper and Company. It had branches at 43 King William Street (which closed in ca. 1909) and 6 Railway Place, Fenchurch Street. The firm closed in 1973.
Charles Babbage was born in London and educated at Trinity College and Peterhouse, Cambridge. From 1815 onwards, he was a participant in the burgeoning London scientific scene. He became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1816 and was active in the Astronomical Society from its foundation in 1820. Babbage published several papers and books on topics in mathematics and the philosophy of science, but is best known today for his invention of a kind of a 'difference engine' (an automated calculating machine forming a mechanical precursor to the modern computer); the machine was never built during his lifetime but staff at the Science Museum in London have since successfully constructed a working model.
From the end of the First World War until 1922 No 35 Black Prince Road, Kennington, London, was used as a model Day Nursery. In 1922 wards were opened for the treatment of children with dietary disturbances and difficulty feeding. The hospital also included a scheme for training Nursery Nurses, and the nursery was renamed The Babies Hostel. The Hostel joined Saint Thomas' Hospital in 1924 when the lease of the building was presented to the Hospital by Mrs E. Mitchison, in memory of her son, Lieutenant Anthony Mitchison, who had died in action in the First World War. From 1924 to 1927 it was called Saint Thomas' Cornwall Babies Hostel, since it stood on land belonging to the Duchy of Cornwall. It was renamed Saint Thomas' Babies Hostel in 1927, when it became affiliated to the Association of Nursery Training Colleges.
During the war the hostel was evacuated first to Cricklade, Wiltshire, from 1939 to 1942, and then to Greys, near Guildford, Surrey from 1942 to 1946. In August 1962 a day hospital for disturbed children under five and their parents was started at the Babies Hostel for three days a week. From 1965 the hostel was devoted entirely to the work and was renamed the Psychiatric Day Hospital for Children and their Families. The records held at the London Metropolitan Archives all date from before April 1965 and are the records of the Babies Hostel.
William Babington was born at Portglenone, near Coleraine, Antrim, Ireland. Apprenticed to a practitioner at Londonderry, and afterwards completed his medical education at Guy's Hospital, London, but without at that time taking a medical degree. In 1777 he was made assistant surgeon to Haslar (Naval) Hospital, and held this appointment four years. He then obtained the position of apothecary to Guy's Hospital, and also lectured on chemistry in the medical school. He resigned the post of apothecary, and, having obtained the necessary degree of MD from the University of Aberdeen in 1795, was elected physician to Guy's Hospital. In 1796 he became a licentiate of the College of Physicians, and remained so till 1827, when he received the unusual honour of being elected fellow by special grace. In 1831 he was made honorary MD by the University of Dublin. He ceased to be physician to Guy's in 1811. He died on 29 April 1833. His son, Benjamin Guy Babington was also also physician to Guy's Hospital, and one of his daughters married the eminent physician, Dr. Richard Bright.
Publications: Syllabus of the Course of Chemical Lectures at Guy's Hospital, 1789; A Systematic Arrangement of Minerals, founded on the joint consideration of their chemical, physical, and external characters, etc, London, 1795; A New System of Mineralogy, in the Form of Catalogue, after the manner of Baron Born's systematic catalogue of the collection of fossils of Mlle. Eleonore de Raab, London, 1799; A Catalogue, systematically arranged and described ... of the genuine and valuable collection of minerals, of a gentleman deceased ... comprising upwards of three thousand specimens ... now offered to the public for sale, etc. [Compiled by W. Babington and others.] Henry Fry: London, 1805; Outlines of a course of lectures on the practice of medicine,. as delivered in the medical school of Guy's Hospital, William Babington and James Curry, London,1802-1806; A syllabus of a course of chemical lectures read at Guy's Hospital William Babington, Alexander Marcet, and William Allen, ... 1816; Two Cases of Rabies Canina, in which opium was given, without success ... the one by William Babington ... the other by William Wavell ... Communicated by Dr. Babington; 'A Case of Exposure to the Vapour of Burning Charcoal' (Med.-Chirurgical Transactions, vol. i. 1806).
Thomas William Bach: born in Worcester, England, 1868; studied at New College; appointed London Missionary Society (LMS) missionary to Trivandrum, Travancore, southern India, ordained in Worcester, and travelled to India, 1894; married S H Mudie Smith in Madras, 1895; visited England, 1897; resigned on account of his wife's ill-health, 1899; returned to England, 1900.
Born, 1796; entered the navy as midshipman, 1808; taken prisoner by the French at Deba, 1808; midshipman to the Akbar, 1814; Admiralty mate of the Bulwark, 1817; volunteered for service in the Trent, under Sir John Franklin, who was then entering on the first modern voyage of discovery in the Spitsbergen seas, 1818; expedition with Franklin by land to the Coppermine River,1819-1821; appointed to the Superb, 1823; join Franklin's expedition to the Mackenzie River, 1824-1826; expedition to find Captain Ross, 1833-1835; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1836-1878; Vice President and member of the RGS Council; RGS Gold Medallist - Royal award, 1835; commander of an expedition to complete the coast line between Regent's Inlet and Cape Turnagain, 1836; President of the Raleigh Club, 1844; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1847; employed by government to report on the harbour of Holyhead; died, 1878.
Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, 1561-1626, English philosopher, statesman and essayist best known for theories on scientific experimentation; knighted in 1603, created Baron Verulam in 1618, and created Viscount St Alban in 1621; Lord Chancellor, 1618; died 1626.
John Bacon (1740-1799) was born in Southwark and apprenticed to a porcelain factory. His skill as a designer and sculptor was recognised and he was encouraged to exhibit with the Society of Arts, and attended the Royal Academy Schools. From designing porcelain for factories including Wedgwood, he became a highly sought after sculptor of monuments and public statues. His work included the monument to Thomas Guy at Guy's Hospital chapel, the monument to William Pitt the Elder at Westminster Abbey, the bust of Dr Johnson in St Paul's Cathedral, and colossal figures at Somerset House. He established a successful studio workshop which produced funerary monuments, garden sculpture and portrait busts for private clients.
Bacon's sons John the younger (1777-1859) and Thomas (b 1773) were apprenticed at their father's studio and then attended the Royal Academy Schools. On Bacon's death John the younger took over the studio, completing his father's commissions and proving just as successful at attracting new civic and imperial commissions. Thomas is recorded as assisting him, but disappears from the documents after 1800. From 1808 John Bacon retired from carrying out public works to focus on architectural and church sculpture. He formed a partnership with Charles Manning (1776-1812) and then his brother Samuel Manning (1788-1842), allowing them to carry on the work of the studio and use the Bacon name.
John Bacon died in 1859. His sons, John and Thomas, were both clergymen who are recorded as trustees of their father's estate (see E/BN/007, 009-010).
Information from Mary Ann Steggles, 'Bacon, John (1740-1799)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 and Jason Edwards, 'Bacon, John (1777-1859)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
In 1709 Josiah Bacon, a merchant from Bermondsey, left £700 in his will for the purchase of land with which to endow a school. According to the terms of his will, the school was to serve the poor boys of the parish, teaching them reading, writing and arithmetic so that they could be prepared for jobs in trade. The local minister and churchwardens were to be governors of the school. Provision was also made for accommodation for the school-master. The school was constructed on Grange Road by 1718.
In 1849 the school was amalgamated with another charity school in the area, which had been founded in 1612 to provide education for the sons of seamen. In 1991 the school became a City Technology College, with the name Bacon's College, and was moved to Rotherhithe. In 2007 it gained Academy status.
For an account of Bacstrom, cf. Waite Brotherhood of the Rosy Cross, 1924, pp. 549-560.
Founded by Vicky Clement-Jones, who in spite of her medical training, realised when she was diagnosed with cancer, that she had no idea of how it felt to be a patient and cope with the uncertainties that lay ahead. Through her own experiences, she became aware of the fact that most cancer sufferers were not offered by the medical community the kind of practical help and advice they needed to cope with life. She formed BACUP (now CancerBACUP), which continues today to provide an information service for people who have to live with cancer. Professional and practical advice, as well as emotional counselling, is given by nurses trained in cancer care.
Born 1855 and educated at Wellington College. Invited to Russia by the then Ambassador Count Shouvaloff in the 1870s, he spent many years in Moscow as correspondent for the Standard and engaged in business in the Russian Far East. He travelled widely in Asiatic and southern Russia and wrote several books on these areas. Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1902-1940.
Badger's Almhouses which were founded under the terms of Allen Badger's will 7 February 1674/5 and erected in 1698, occupied a site in Hoxton Street adjoining Weavers' Almshouses. Although intended for men they appear to have been solely used by women.
Towards the end of the nineteenth century the buildings had fallen into such decay that they were condemned and the question of rebuilding them at the rear of Fullers' Almshouses in Wood Green was considered. The Charity Commissioners, however, advised the Trustees to discontinue the almshouses altogether and use the income for the benefit of other parochial almshouses which had small endowments. As a result of this the site was let on a building lease in 1877 and by 1889 warehouses had been erected.
BAE Systems, formerly known as British Aerospace, is a global company engaged in the development, delivery and support of advanced defence and aerospace systems in the air, on land and at sea.
British Aerospace was formed in 1977, under the Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act when British Aircraft Corporation was nationalised along with the Hawker Siddeley Group and Scottish Aviation.
BAE Systems operates a number of pension schemes, some of which are now closed to new members. This includes the BAE Systems Pension Scheme (Levels 125,167, 187 and 200), the 2000 Plan and the Royal Ordnance Scheme which were closed to new members from 5 April 2003.
The National Society of Children's Nurseries (NSCN), originally known as the National Society of Day Nurseries, was founded in 1906 (the name was changed in 1942). Until 1928 it was closely linked with the National League for Physical Education and Improvement (known from 1918 until its dissolution in 1928 as the National League for Health, Maternity and Child Welfare). The Nursery School Association of Great Britain and Ireland (NSA) was founded in 1923. In 1973, it merged with the NSCN to form the British Association for Early Childhood Education (BAECE).
Walter Bagehot, an economist and journalist, was born at Langport in Somerset in 1826. He went to school in Bristol, and in 1842 he entered University College London, where he became a good mathematician under Professor De Morgan. He also read very widely in all branches of general literature. Poetry, metaphysics and history were his favourite studies. Bagehot took his BA degree in the University of London, with a mathematical scholarship, in 1846 and then his MA in the same university in 1848, with the gold medal in intellectual and moral philosophy and political economy. He then began to read law. He was called to the bar in 1852 but decided not to pursue the law as his profession, but to join his father in his shipowning and banking business at Langport. Bagehot still had a passion for literature and contributed first to the Prospective Review and from 1855 onwards to the National Review (of which he was one of the editors), a series of essays which attracted attention by their brilliancy of style and lucidity of thought. For the last 17 years of his life, Bagehot edited The Economist newspaper which was established by the Rt Hon James Wilson. In 1858 Bagehot married Wilson's eldest daughter. Bagehot was a considerable authority on banking and finance, and was consulted by Chancellors of the Exchequer; but in the literary world he was even better known for his lively, vivid and humorous criticisms. He published many works including The English Constitution, Physics and Politics and Lombard Street; he also published a series of essays. Bagehot died in Langport in 1877.
Baghdad Light and Power Company Limited was registered in 1930. It was one of the constituent companies of the Inchcape Group.
William Bagshaw was a gentleman and accountant of Coleman Street.
This firm of chartered accountants specialised in shipping insurance work and the audit of shipowners protection and indemnity associations. It was founded in 1835 by William Edward Bagshaw. Bagshaw's two sons were admitted as partners in 1891 and 1903.
The firm was called:
- Broom and Bagshaw (1835-54),
- Broom, Bagshaw and Westcott (1855-65),
- Bagshaw and Westcott (1866-7),
- Bagshaw, Westcott and Johnson (1867-76),
- William Edward Bagshaw (1876-80),
- Bagshaw and Co. (1880-1987), and
-
Bagshaws (1987-).
In May 1991 the firm amalgamated with Moore Stephens. The firm was based at 70 Aldermanbury (1835-8), 35 Coleman Street (1839-78), 10 Moorgate (1878-81), St Michael's House, 1 St Michael's Alley, Cornhill (1881-1916), 6 Crosby Square, Bishopsgate (1917-19), 63 and 64 New Broad Street (1920-41), 17 St Helen's Place (1942-5) and 3 St Helen's Place (1946-).
Sir Arthur William Garrard Bagshawe was born at St Leonards-on-Sea, Sussex, in 1871, the second son of the Rev. Alfred Drake Bagshawe. He was educated at Marlborough, where his interest in Natural History was already apparent, and then at Caius College, Cambridge, where he obtained a first class in Part I of the Natural Science Tripos in 1892. He then went to St George's Hospital, where he graduated MB, BCh in 1895. He became a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) and a Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians (LRCP).
Bagshawe held a house appointment at the Royal Northern Hospital until 1898 when he joined the Colonial Medical Service, and was posted to Uganda. In 1900 he became a medical officer of the Uganda Protectorate. He was a member of the Lango Expedition in 1901 and of the Anglo-German Boundary Commission, defining the borders of Tanganyika, Tanzania, 1902-4. As a consequence he became familiar with the medical problems of East Africa. Trypanosomiasis was epidemic in Uganda at the time, indeed little was known about the tsetse fly and the treatment of sleeping sickness. Bagshawe `quickly became one of the most distinguished workers on trypanosomiasis' (BMJ, 1950, i, p.847). In 1906-7 he was employed on a sleeping sickness investigation in Uganda, and was the first to discover the pupae of Glossina palpalis in their natural breeding ground. During his service he was able to indulge his interest in the local flora and fauna, and made extensive collections of specimens of rare plants, which he subsequently gave to the British Museum (to the section which later became the Natural History Museum).
An international conference to consider the problem of trypanosomiasis was held in London during 1907-8, at the behest of the British Government. It was recommended that a central international bureau be established to extract up-to-date information on sleeping sickness, and disseminate it to researchers and investigators in the field. Whilst an international bureau did not materialise, a British Bureau, the Trypanosomiasis Bureau (or the Sleeping Sickness Bureau), was established. In 1908 Bagshawe became its first Director. In the same year Bagshawe took the Cambridge Diploma in Public Health (DPH).
Between 1908 and 1912 Bagshawe produced four valuable volumes containing articles which treated special aspects of trypanosomoiasis in detail, as well as abstracts of the current literature, an exhaustive bibliography, and maps showing the known distribution of sleeping sickness and tsetse flies in Africa. These articles also appeared in the Bureau's monthly Sleeping Sickness Bulletins. It has been said that `the care he gave to their preparation set up new standards in medical abstracting' (The Lancet, 1950, i, p.694).
In 1912 the Trypanosomiasis Bureau became the Tropical Diseases Bureau, the work on sleeping sickness having been so successful that the idea was extended to other diseases. During this time Bagshawe also held the office of Honorary Secretary of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1917-21, and was its Treasurer, 1925-35, having been an original Fellow of the Society. In 1920 he was awarded the Mary Kingsley Medal of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. A further change to the Bureau occurred in 1926, when it became the Bureau of Hygiene and Tropical Diseases, the new name providing a much better reflection of its functions. Bagshawe was also the Editor of the Tropical Diseases Bulletin and the Bulletin of Hygiene.
Bagshawe was for a time a member of the expert committee of the Health Committee of the League of Nations, dealing with tuberculosis and sleeping sickness in equatorial Africa. He was knighted in 1933, having received in 1915 the CMG (Companion (of the Order) of St Michael and St George).
Retirement from his position as Director of the Bureau of Hygiene and Tropical Diseases, and from his editorial work, came in 1935. From 1935-37 he was President of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Of his contribution to the medical profession, it has been said that Bagshawe was `one of the real founders of scientific tropical medicine' (BMJ, p.848).
He had married Alice Mary Thornber in 1910, and they had had two sons. His wife died in 1944. Bagshawe died on 24 March 1950 in Cardiff, at the age of 78, after having joined one of his sons on his farm in South Wales the previous year.
Publications:
Sleeping Sickness Bulletins (monthly publications of Bureau of Hygiene and Tropical Diseases)
Editor of the Tropical Diseases Bulletin & Bulletin of Hygiene
This company was registered in 1911 as Bah Lias Tobacco and Rubber Estates Limited to acquire estates (Bah Lias, Tandjong Koeba, Inorapoera, Gamboes, Perlanaan and Maria Bandar) in Batoe Bahra and Bandar districts on the east coast of Sumatra. The tobacco estates were sold in 1921 and the name was changed to Bah Lias Rubber Estates Limited in 1924.
In 1933 it was one of the partners in the formation of Kulai Rubber Estates Limited (CLC/B/112-098). By 1948 it held 76% of the holding of this company.
In 1938 Bah Lias Rubber Estates Limited acquired Bila (Sumatra) Rubber Lands Limited (CLC/B/112-025) (and its Batang Sapongol, Gergas and Soengei Brohol estates) and Wampoe Tobacco and Rubber Estates Limited.
It was acquired by London Sumatra Plantations Limited (CLC/B/112-110) in 1961, and in April 1982 it became a private company.
This company was registered in 1910 to acquire Batang Sampongol, Paya Labi and Djabang Doea estates on the bank of Baroemoen River, Sumatra. In 1938 it was acquired by Bah Lias Rubber Estates Limited (CLC/B/112-023).
The first surveys of the Bahia and San Francisco railway in Brazil were made by Charles Vignoles in 1854. Works were not commenced until the year 1857, and were completed in 1861. Vignoles was the Engineer-in-Chief.
Sir Philip Henry Manson-Bahr was born in Liverpool in 1881; educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he specialised in Zoology. Having qualified at the London Hospital in 1907, he married Sir Patrick Manson's daughter, changed his name to Manson-Bahr and devoted the rest of his career to tropical medicine. Having studied filariasis in Fiji at the instigation of Manson, he worked on malaria and sprue in Ceylon before 1914.
During World War One he served with the Royal Army Medical Corps in the Middle East and Egypt, where he worked on schistosomiasis with Hamilton Fairley. He was instrumental in establishing Malaria Diagnosis Stations in forward areas during the war. After demobilisation he was appointed lecturer at the London School of Tropical Medicine and later Senior Physician at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases and Director of Clinical Studies at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (1937-1947). Until his death in 1966, he worked as editor of successive editions of Manson's Tropical Diseases, work later followed up by his eldest son, Clinton Manson-Bahr.
Kenneth Vernon Bailey (1898-1989), MC, MD, MRCP, FRCOG, was born in and studied medicine in Manchester, graduating MB ChB in 1922. He was a leading gynaecologist in Manchester holding several appointments in and around the city before concentrating his work in St Mary's Hospital, Manchester. He was a Foundation Member of the College and became a Fellow in 1938. He died on 16 February 1989 aged 91.
Philip James Bailey was born in Nottingham in 1816. He was educated at Glasgow University before reading law at Lincoln's Inn, London. He never practised law seriously, instead writing poetry. His most successful poem was the early work Festus, which became a bestseller.
An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).
Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.
A marriage settlement was a legal agreement drawn up before a marriage by the two parties, setting out terms with respect to rights of property and succession.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
The Augustinian canons of Holy Trinity, Aldgate owned land in Tottenham since the Middle Ages. Awlfield farmhouse was part of this estate. In 1619 the farm was leased out with demesne lands totalling 179 acres to Joseph Fenton, a barber-surgeon of London and the most substantial of the demesne tenants. Thereafter the farm was presumably leased, as in 1785, until in 1789 the house and 132 acres were bought by the tenant, Edwin Paine. The estate stretched westward across the Moselle, along the north side of Lordship Lane, thirty years later and was sometimes known as Church farm.
From: A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5: Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham (1976), pp. 348-355 (available online).
No biographical information was available at the time of compilation.
These are the collected letters, poems and relicts of the Hunter-Baillie family. Matthew Baillie, (1761-1823), was an anatomist and physician extraordinary to George III and nephew to the surgeons William Hunter (1718-1833) and John Hunter (1728-1893). Matthew had two sisters, Joanna Baillie, (1762-1851) poet and dramatist and Agnes Baillie (1760-1861), their parents were Revd James Baillie and Dorothea Hunter Baillie. The family moved from the manse at Bothwell, Lanarkshire, Scotland in 1775 to Glasgow when Revd Baillie was appointed Professor of Divinity at the University of Glasgow. Revd Baillie died in 1778 and Dorothea's brother William Hunter supported the family.
Matthew moved to London in 1779 to lecture at William Hunter's medical school in Great Windmill Street. When William Hunter died in 1783, he left his medical museum and his collections of manuscripts, books and coins to Glasgow University, subject only to the life interest of his nephew, Matthew Baillie, who succeeded him in his school of anatomy. Matthew Baillie kept only certain personal things, among them the letter-book, which Hunter had acquired from the family of Queen Anne's physician, John Arbuthnot (1667-1735). To this William Hunter had added letters written to himself by famous or distinguished people.
In 1783 Joanna, Agnes and Dorothea moved to London to keep house for Matthew. Joanna built up a close relationship in London with her other uncle, John Hunter, his wife, the poet, Anne Home Hunter [whose poems are included in this collection] and their daughter Agnes, later Lady Campbell. After Matthew's marriage to Sophia Denman in 1791 Joanna, Agnes and Dorothea moved to Red Lion Hill and later after the death of Dorothea in 1802 to Hampstead.
Joanna started publishing poems and plays in 1790 and gradually her reputation became known. She made friends with many leading literary and society figures of the day including Maria Edgeworth, Samuel Rogers, William Sotheby, William Wordsworth, and Lord Byron among many others. Joanna was particularly close to Sir Walter Scott [over sixty letters between them are included in this collection].
Joanna's long life, she died aged 88 in 1851 meant that she witnessed the death of many of her contemporaries, the death of her brother, Matthew in 1823 affected her strongly but she became close to younger generation especially her niece Elizabeth Margaret Baillie (1794-1876) companion of Walter Scott's daughter Sophia; and her nephew William Hunter Baillie (1797-1894). William, a barrister, moved in the same literary circles as his aunt and was interested in Hunter-Baillie family history.
Matthew Baillie was one of the leading London physicians of his day and a favoured friend at Court. He continued to add to the family collection letters, which he received, from his distinguished friends and patients. He also kept together the letters written to him by the Royal Princesses, all of which begin 'Dear Baillie.'
Matthew Baillie's wife was Sophia, daughter of Dr. Thomas Denman, (1733-1815) whose reminiscences of his early life as a ship's surgeon have been quarried for some historical novels. Denman had a fashionable obstetric practice, in which he was followed by his other son-in-law, the ill-fated Sir Richard Croft (1762-1818), who killed himself after the death of his patient Princess Charlotte, the heir to the Throne. Denman's son, Thomas Denman (1779-1854), a lawyer, advocated legal reform including the abolition of slavery, defended Queen Charlotte and became Lord Chief Justice.
Justice Denman interested himself in the family collection, helping Matthew Baillie's granddaughters to complete the work, begun by Matthew's wife Sophia, of identifying and arranging the letters. He also brought into it a miscellaneous collection of autographs gathered by his side of the family. Matthew Baillie had been a friend of Edward Jenner (1749-1823), discoverer of the small pox vaccine and of Jenner's biographer John Baron (1786-1851), and at the end of his life settled near them in Gloucestershire. Through Baron a small collection of papers of Jennerian interest was added.
Matthew Baillie was born on 27 October 1761, at Shots, Lanarkshire, the son of the Revd. James Baillie, minister of the parish and later Professor of Divinity in Glasgow, and his wife Dorothea, sister of William and John Hunter, celebrated anatomists. Baillie was educated at Hamilton Grammar School and then at the University of Glasgow. On the advice of William Hunter, his uncle, he chose medicine as his profession. He moved to London to live with William Hunter in 1779, at the age of eighteen. He obtained an exhibition at Balliol College, Oxford, but found that his most valuable education came during the vacations at Hunter's house in Great Windmill Street, where a lecture theatre and museum adjoined the house. He attended the public lectures given by Hunter, helping in their preparation, carrying out demonstrations, and superintending the dissections undertaken by the students. Hunter supplemented the lectures by privately instructing Baillie.
In 1783 William Hunter died and Baillie inherited £5,000, Hunter's house, theatre, and museum, for a period of 30 years, and a small Scottish estate, Long Calderwood, which he handed over to John Hunter, acknowledging him as the natural heir. (The museum subsequently went to Glasgow.) Baillie took on William Hunter's anatomical lectures and proved a successful teacher. He became particularly interested in every kind of diseased structure. It is said that his demonstrations were
`remarkable for their clearness and precision, ... he possessed a perfect conception of his subject; and imparted it with the utmost plainness and perspicuity to his hearers' (Munk's Roll, vol. II, p.403).
He graduated MB in 1786, and in 1787 he was elected physician to St George's Hospital. In 1789 he obtained his MD, from Oxford, and became Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians the following year. He became a Censor of the College in 1791 and 1796. The advancement of Baillie's career was due in some part to Baillie's connections with the Hunters and through his marriage to Sophia Denman, daughter of Dr Thomas Denman, physician, in 1791. His practice grew considerably. In his consultations `he was famed for the clearness with which he expressed his opinion in simple terms' (DNB, vol. II, p.420).
In 1793 Baillie published the work for which he is famous, The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body (1793). It was the first book on the subject in English, and the first to make the morbid anatomy a subject itself. Rather than giving the history and symptoms of every case, as had been the trend, Baillie dealt with the morbid appearances of each organ in turn. The work is limited in so far as it discusses the thoracic and abdominal organs and the brain, and leaves untouched the skeleton, muscles, nerves, and spinal cord. He was the first to define cirrhosis of the liver, to distinguish renal cysts from the rare cysts of parasitic hydatids of the kidney, and to challenge the opinion that death was often due to a growth in the heart. There were additional notes describing symptoms that appeared in 1797, whilst a series of engravings to illustrate the book was published in 1799.
Baillie delivered a number of eponymous lectures during his professional career. These included the Goulstonian Lectures in 1794, the Croonian Lectures in 1796, 1797, and 1798, and the Harveian Oration in 1798, all at the Royal College of Physicians. He also wrote papers for the Transactions of the College. His unpublished contributions to clinical medicine were privately printed, posthumously in 1825, and were entitled, Collected Works; Lectures and Observations on Medicine by the Late Matthew Baillie (1825).
His practice extended further throughout the 1790s. This was due in part to Baillie acquiring a large number of patients from the practice of fellow physician Dr Richard Warren, former physician to George III, after his death in 1797, and his friend, Dr David Pitcairn, physician, recommending Baillie to his patients on a temporary secession of practice in 1798. In 1799 he gave up his post at St George's Hospital and his lecturing, and moved to Grosvenor Street to devote himself fully to his practice. For many years Baillie's successful practice ensured £10,000 a year. In 1810 he became physician extraordinary to George III, after being called to consult the Princess Amelia. He also became physician in ordinary to Princess Charlotte, in 1816. Baillie attended the King in his last illness, but declined the baronetcy offered him. For years Baillie worked for sixteen hours a day. Ultimately his large practice overwhelmed him and his health was affected. He was forced to withdraw from all but consultation practice.
Baillie was honoured during his life by election as honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, in 1809. In the same year he was named an Elect of the Royal College of Physicians, London. He also became a Fellow of the Royal Society. Baillie was a member of a great many medical societies and charities, including the Medical and Chirurgical Society of which he was a founder member in 1805, and President in 1808-9.
In 1823 he retired to his country house in Gloucestershire. He died of phthisis on 23 September 1823, at the age of 62, and was buried in Duntisbourne, Gloucestershire. He left a widow, a son and a daughter. His first son had died only aged a few months, in 1792. He is commemorated by a bust and inscription in Westminster Abbey. Baillie bequeathed his books, and drawings to the Royal College of Physicians, with the sum of £300, having already donated his collection of anatomical specimens some years earlier. His wife subsequently presented his gold-headed cane to the College, formerly the property of the eminent Dr John Radcliffe, King William III's physician.
Publications:
The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body (London, 1793)
Anatomy of the Gravid Uterus, by William Hunter published by Baillie (1794)
A Series of Engravings Tending to Illustrate the Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body (London, 1803)
Collected Works; Lectures and Observations on Medicine by the late Matthew Baillie (privately printed, 1825)
Publications by others about Baillie:
The Life and Works of Matthew Baillie (1761-1823), Franco Crainz (Rome, 1995)
Matthew Baillie was born in Shotts manse, Lanarkshire, in 1761. He was the son of James Baillie (c 1722-1778) and his wife, Dorothea (c 1721-1806). They also had two daughters, the younger was Joanna Baillie the poet. Dorothea Baillie's father was John Hunter of Long Calderwood, near East Kilbride, Lanarkshire; and her brothers were the anatomists William Hunter and John Hunter. Matthew Baillie was educated at the English school in Hamilton, 1766-1768; the Latin school in Hamilton, 1768-1774; and at the University of Glasgow, 1774-1779. He matriculated at Oxford in 1779. He went to live with his uncle, William Hunter, in London in 1780. He still attended Oxford, and graduated BA in 1783, and MA in 1786. He attended dissections and lectures at William Hunter's anatomy school and museum in Great Windmill Street. He also went to courses in chemistry, medicine, surgery, and obstetrics given by his uncle John Hunter; George Fordyce; Thomas Denman; and William Osborne. When William Hunter died in 1783 he left Baillie in control of the anatomy school, the freehold of the premises, thirty years' use of the museum, and about £5000. The small Hunter family estate of Long Calderwood also passed to Baillie, but he renounced it in favour of John Hunter. Baillie soon became an anatomy lecturer at Great Windmill Street, working in increasingly uneasy partnership with William Hunter's former partner William Cruikshank, until 1799. He also completed his broader medical training as a pupil at St George's Hospital, where he was appointed physician in 1787. In mid-1788 he made a four-month tour of France, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, and the Netherlands, visiting many hospitals and anatomy schools, recording critical observations on conditions and techniques. He graduated BM at Oxford in 1786; DM in 1789; and was elected FRCP (London) in 1790. William Hunter's posthumous An Anatomical Description of the Human Gravid Uterus and its Contents (1794) was edited for publication by Baillie. Two papers in Philosophical Transactions in 1788 and 1789 were followed by his election FRS in 1790 (FRSE in 1799); many medical societies gave him the professional accolade of honorary membership. He was Croonian lecturer of the Royal Society (1791), and of the Royal College of Physicians of London (1796-1798), for whom he was also Goulstonian lecturer (1794); he gave the Harveian oration in 1798. In 1805 he was a founder member (and second president, 1808-1810) of the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London, forerunner of the Royal Society of Medicine. Also in 1810 he was appointed physician-extraordinary to George III, visiting the deranged king several hundred times during the regency, and was present at his death in 1820. He was physician-in-ordinary to Princess Charlotte, and had overall responsibility for the management of her confinement in 1817. His brother-in-law, Sir Richard Croft, 6th baronet (1762-1818), was principal accoucheur. Tragically, the child was still-born, and Princess Charlotte died a few hours later. Croft shot himself a few months afterwards probably suffering from depression. Baillie also attended Lord Byron, Sir Walter Scott, and Edward Gibbon, and he examined Samuel Johnson's lungs post mortem. Baillie died in 1823.
William Hunter Baillie was born on 14 September 1797 in London, the son of Matthew Baillie, the morbid anatomist, and his wife Sophia, the daughter of Dr Thomas Denman, physician. His great-uncles were the celebrated anatomists William and John Hunter. He studied at Balliol College, Oxford, from 1815, becoming BA in 1819 and MA in 1823.
William Hunter Baillie was called to the Bar, but never practiced as a barrister. Instead he lived as a gentleman of leisure and Squire of the Manor of Duntisbourne Abbots, Gloucestershire.
He grew close to his aunt, Joanna Baillie, the poet and dramatist, after his father died in 1823, moving in the same literary circles. He was interested in the family history of the Hunter-Baillies, and spent a considerable amount of time and expense gathering together the family's papers, from correspondence to ancient title deeds and other legal instruments, in order to establish the pedigree of the family. William Hunter Baillie also encouraged his aunt, Joanna Baillie, to write her memoirs.
William Hunter Baillie married Henrietta Duff, daughter of the Revd. Dr Duff of St Andrews, in 1835. They had eight children, five of whom, three sons and two daughters, died before he did, the other son surviving for just three months after William Hunter Baillie's death. Henrietta died on 3 February 1857. William Hunter Baillie died on 24 December 1894, at the age of 97.
Unknown
Leslie William Alfred Baily was born in 1906; worked as a broadcaster and writer and died in 1976.
Served in the RAF in the UK, Middle East and Singapore, 1928-1936; Flight Lt, 1933; joined 230 (Flying Boat) Sqn, 1935; Sqn Leader, 1937; student at Staff College, Andover, 1938; died 1993.
Robert Bainbridge was Keeper of Hampton Court Park, until his death early in 1870.
George and Judith Baines were both primary school teachers who pioneered new teaching methods in an open-plan environment in the 1960s-1980s. George Baines once summarised his views that the work of a teacher should be to 'prescribe the environment of school, to release the children permissively into it, to observe and diagnose needs from their activities, and to draw upon all our professional resources to meet those needs [George Baines, 'Social and environmental studies', in Vincent R. Rogers (ed.), Teaching in the British Primary School (London: Macmillan, 1970), p. 199-216.]
George Baines (1927-2009) trained as a teacher, at Newland Park Training College, Buckinghamshire, 1951-1953. From 1953-1962 he taught in schools in Bletchley, Buckinghamshire, before being appointed as Headmaster of Brize Norton Primary School, Oxfordshire, 1962-1966, where he first began to experiment with teaching in open-plan spaces. In 1966 he was appointed headmaster of Eynsham County Primary School, Oxfordshire. Here he spent one year preparing the teachers for the move into a new open-plan school building, which was then being designed, and for the adoption of new teaching methods.
Judith Baines, née Purbrook, trained, 1951-1953 at OffleyTraining College, Hertfordshire, and then taught briefly at Ashwell County Primary School, Hertfordshire. In 1960-1961 she taught at Strathmore Infant School, Hitchen, Hertfordshire, and then for three years at a private school in Oxfordshire, before joining the staff at Eynsham County Primary School in 1967. She was appointed Deputy Head in 1968 and she and George Baines married in 1974.
In 1967 the new Eynsham school building opened and George and Judith began their teaching collaboration pioneering new teaching methods, including learning through the environment and project-based work, in an open-plan school. The building burned down in 1969 and the school was housed in temporary accommodation until it re-opened in 1970. It was initially a school for the age-range 5 to 9, extending to children up to 11 in the mid-1970s. The children followed a course of 'self-directed learning'. The building was not divided into classrooms, but into a number of specialist areas for different activities, e.g. 'Botany Bay' and 'Cookery Bay'. Each child had a 'Home Bay' where they gathered before morning assembly and at the end of each day and where an individual teacher was responsible. A system of vertical grouping was adopted for these groups. In the morning the children would launch straight into whatever task they wished, before the whole school gathered for morning assembly, and at the end of the day they would talk over their activities with their own teacher in their 'Home Bay'. For the rest of the day the children moved freely around the building depending upon what type of activity they wished to do and during this period they could ask for help from any teacher. Eynsham was visited by groups from all over the world to look at the teaching methods employed.
Whilst at Brize Norton and Eynsham, George Baines lectured in Bristol and elsewhere, including in Germany and Iceland (c.1975) and made three trips to Gambia (1968, 1970, 1971) and a Canadian exchange visit (1980).
George and Judith retired from Eynsham in 1983. However, George went on to teach INSET courses at Bishop Grossteste College, Lincoln in the mid-1980s and in 1987 they moved to Lincoln where Judith also taught at the College as a first-year tutor for primary studies. Here, they collaborated with David and Mary Medd on the design and establishment of a Primary Base. George Baines died on 26 September 2009.