The Victory Insurance Company was based successively at Lombard House, King William Street, Leadenhall Street, and, after 1971, Folkestone. It was founded in 1919 and taken over by Legal and General Assurance Society in 1973.
The Victorian Society was founded in 1958 to raise awareness and promote preservation of architecture and design created between 1843 and 1914. At the time of its foundation, property developers, architects and widespread public opinion viewed Victorian design as ugly and it was swept aside in favour of Modernism. The Society was keen to preserve the finest examples of Victorian design but in order to do so, needed to devise standards for selecting the best. Early members included H S Goodhart-Rendel, John Betjeman, Christopher Hussey, John Brandon-Jones, Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Nikolaus Pevsner and the Society's first chairman was architect and town planner Lionel Brett, 4th Viscount Esher.
The original objects of the Society were to:
-
draw attention to the merits and significance of the best of Victorian and Edwardian architecture, design crafts and decoration,
- encourage the study of these, and that of related social history,
- provide a point of contact for scholars of the period and to compile a register of research,
- help to form a basis of aesthetic discrimination,
- prevent the needless destruction of important Victorian and Edwardian buildings, and of their contents,
- co-operate with the Ministry of Housing in the listing and protection of Victorian and Edwardian buildings of architectural and historic value,
- make representations to local authorities and to give evidence at public enquiries.
The Society's regular income consisted primarily of subscriptions from members. Benefits provided to members included town walks, building visits, Victorian-themed parties, conferences, lectures, and The Victorian, a triennial magazine. Early promotional activities included organising an exhibition of Victorian paintings in 1961 and cooperating in a conference in 1964 about the challenges facing the preservation and use of Victorian churches.
The Society is subdivided into regional branches to focus on surveying buildings outside London. Initially, these were Liverpool, Manchester and Birmingham groups but by 2004, there were a further five: Leicester, Great Eastern, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and South Wales. The Society was governed by a Council who were advised by a separate Committee. A series of sub committees were responsible for managing the day to day running of the Society.
The Buildings Sub-Committee is responsible for assessing the value of Victorian buildings when listed building consent affecting them is sought from local planning authorities. On the basis of this evaluation, it makes its views known to planning authorities, developers and English Heritage. The Society will provide evidence to public inquiries held relating to Victorian and Edwardian buildings. On occasions, it has mounted active campaigns to protect buildings of special significance. An early example was the 'Save the Arch' campaign to prevent the demolition of the arch at Euston railway station. Other notable campaigns focused on the restoration of the Albert Memorial and the replacement of a Pugin stained glass window in Sherburne Abbey.
The Victorian Society began managing Linley Sambourne House in Stafford Terrace, London as a museum in Autumn 1980. The house, built in the 1870s, was formerly the home of Anne, Countess of Rosse (nee Messell) and was where, at a party in 1957, Anne proposed setting up a Victorian society. She sold the house and its contents to the Greater London Council in 1980. The museum is now operated by the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.
The Society's offices have previously been at 55 Great Ormond Street, London WC1 and 29 Exhibition Road, London SW7. They are currently at 1 Priory Gardens, Bedford Park, London W4.
The Victoria Wine Company, wine merchants and importers, was in operation by at least 1867, when the company is mentioned in The Times newspaper. In 1929 the company became a subsidiary of brewers Taylor, Walker and Company. In 1959-1960 Ind Coope, which owned Taylor, Walker and Company, successfully bid to purchase those shares in Victoria Wine not owned by Taylor, Walker and Company and thus Victoria Wine became a subsidiary of Ind Coope. In 1983 it was described in The Times newspaper as "Britain's largest high street wine and spirits chain, which has some 900 shops".
Victoria Park Cemetery was a private enterprise started by a limited company in 1845 to take advantage of the market for burials created by the inability of church graveyards to accept any more dead. However, the cemetery went bankrupt in 1853, unable to attract wealthy customers. The business was bought out by one of the directors and continued. The cemetery was not consecrated and closed in 1876. In 1885 it was turned into a recreation ground.
The Victoria Hospital for Children opened in 1866 as 'The South Western Hospital for Children'. It was located at Gough House, Queen's Road West, Chelsea and managed initially by a committee chaired by Mr B. R. Green.
Increasing numbers of patients led to the committee seeking improved accommodation. Money was raised to purchase the freehold of Gough House along with some additional land, and to redevelop and enlarge the hospital. The extension opened in 1876. In the same year, a house in Margate, Kent was made available for use as a convalescent facility. In 1877, the Metropolitan Board of Works offered the hospital some additional land to the front and rear of Gough House as part of its plans to establish a new street to be named Tite Street. The committee purchased this land for future developments. In 1891, patroness of the hospital, Princess Louise opened a new convalescent home in Broadstairs, Kent.
During the First World War, part of the hospital was assigned as the 2nd London General Hospital, but by 1916, it was fully functioning again as a paediatric hospital. In 1922, the hospital opened Princess Mary Home for private patients in a house next to the hospital. During the Second World War, the outpatient department was used as a casualty and decontamination centre. The inpatient services were transferred to hospitals at Windsor, Berkshire and Park Prewett, Basingstoke, Hampshire.
With the introduction of the National Health Service in 1948, Victoria Hospital for Children became part of the Saint George's Hospital Teaching Group of the South West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board. In 1964, the hospital was closed and its activities transferred to Saint George's Hospital in Tooting.
The hospital has been administered by the following:
1866 - 1948: Victoria Hospital for Children
1948 - 1964: Saint George's Hospital Teaching Group of South West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board.
This company was formed in 1928 to manage the building and rental of Electra House, Temple Place, Victoria Embankment, Westminster; the registered office, from 1933, of Globe Telegraph and Trust Company (CLC/B/101-01) and associated telegraph companies and, from 1933-1955, of Cable and Wireless.
The name of the company changed in 1936 to Electra House Limited (CLC/B/101-20).
The Victoria Club was a Jewish youth club that later developed into a community centre. The youth club was first established in Whitechapel, Stepney, in 1901, as a means of coping with Jewish delinquency in the East End of London. In 1956, the youth club moved to Stamford Hill, Hackney, following the migratory pattern of London Jewry. It was located in Egerton Road, Stamford Hill, beside the New Synagogue, on land leased from the United Synagogue. By 1976 the activities of the club were so diverse that it became the Victoria Community Centre until its closure in December 1991.
Hampstead Victoria was a branch of the club established in 1973, in conjunction with the Hampstead Synagogue. It was based at the community centre in Dennington Park Road.
The Victoria Club was first known as the "Victoria Club for Working Lads" or the "Victoria Working Boys Club" with premises located at Fordham Street, Whitechapel, Stepney. Circa 1914, it became known as the "Victoria Club for Boys". The Victoria Girls Club was formed in 1955. In 1957, soon after the opening of the new club premises at Egerton Road, Stamford Hill, Hackney, the "Victoria Boys and Girls Clubs" were amalgamated into the "Victoria Boys and Girls Club", also known as "Victoria".
The early aim of the Victoria Club, as stated in a draft annual report of 1922-23, was to "create an atmosphere for the less privileged members of our community which will help or raise them to an honourable status of citizenship during the most critical years of their life" (ACC/2996/2).
By the 1950s the aim had become "to teach Jewish boys and girls to use their leisure wisely, and to help them, through spiritual, cultural and physical training, to become good Jews and good citizens to the local community". The constitution of 1967 reaffirmed this aim and included emphasis on providing welfare services for the "indigent old and infirm" (see ACC/2996/27). This emphasis was reflected in the activities of the Victoria (Hackney) Kosher Meals on Wheels Service, the youth club's social services section and the establishment of a Senior Citizens Club.
There were 56 members in the Victoria Club at the outset. In the 1920s this had risen to 200. After the move to new premises in 1956 there were 400 members and a waiting list. In 1959 the club had 750 boys and girls and , according to the chairman's report of that year ran "50 different activities a week" (see ACC/2996/15). The members were divided into Juniors and Seniors with a branch called the "Old Vics" or Old Victorians, for members too old for the Senior Section. From the 1960s the club received funding from the Inner London Education Authority towards the employment of Youth Workers.
The governing body of the club from 1958 to the 1970s was the Council, which met twice yearly, and the Executive Committee which met monthly. Daily administration of the youth club was carried out by the Warden and managers who reported to the Executive Committee. All sections or departments of the club had representation on the Council.
In the 1970s the needs of the Jewish community served by Victoria were changing. There was a continuing reduction in the youth club membership while work for the elderly and disabled was increasing. These changes were reflected in an increasingly complex administrative structure from the 1970s.
The Victoria (Hackney) Kosher Meals on Wheels Service began in 1958, delivering hot, kosher midday meals to any aged, housebound Jewish person in the borough of Hackney. Meals were first purchased from the Yesodah Hatorah School and from 1961, kitchens in the Victoria Boys and Girls Club were used. At this time the service delivered about 150 meals a week.
By 1964 the Victoria Meals on Wheels Service was also catering for the boroughs of Stoke Newington, Islington and Tottenham, and for hospital patients requiring a kosher midday meal. This amounted to an average of 650 meals a week being delivered.
In 1983, over 60,000 dinners per year (c.1150 per week) were delivered to clients in Hackney, Haringey and Islington using seven vehicles a day. The Victoria Meals on Wheels also supplied luncheon service for the Senior Citizens Club which met daily at this time.
The Victoria (Hackney) Kosher Meals on Wheels Service operated as a department within the Victoria Club and submitted reports to the Executive Committee. In 1991 the service was transferred to the London boroughs.
Unknown
William Luck was a cabinet maker of Mabledon Place, Burton Crescent, Saint Pancras.
Letters patent is a document which grants for a set period the sole right to make, use, or sell some process, invention, or commodity.
No further details are known about Phyllis Vickers.
The Vicariate Apostolic of the London District was an ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church in England, 1688-1850. There were four Catholic jurisdictions in England and Wales: the London District, the Western District, the Midland District and the Northern District.
The Vicars Apostolic of the London District were:
Bishop John Leyburn, (1688-1702), formerly Vicar Apostolic of England (1685-1688)
Bishop Bonaventure Giffard, (1703-1734)
Bishop Benjamin Petre, (1734-1758)
Bishop Richard Challoner, (1758-1791)
Bishop James Robert Talbot, (1781-1789)
Bishop John Douglass, (1790-1812)
Bishop William Poynter, (1812-1827)
Bishop James Yorke Bramston, (1878-1836)
Bishop Thomas Griffiths, (1836-1847)
Bishop Thomas Walsh, (1847-1849)
Bishop Nicholas Wiseman, (1849-1850), later Archbishop.
Jacques Veyrenc has written several works on literature. Sergei Alexandrovich Esenin (1895-1925) was a Russian poet.
Unknown
Mons. Verrier appears to have been a member of the staff of the École Vétérinaire at Alfort.
Anthony Verrier was a journalist, working as special correspondent with the Observer, the Economist and the New Statesman. By 1968 he was freelance 'with a retainer for the Sunday Times'. In the 1990s he was Director of the MA in International Peacekeeping at the Human Rights Centre at the University of Essex.
Publications:An Army for the sixties: a study in national policy, contract and obligation (Secker and Warburg, London, 1966);The bomber offensive (Batsford, London, 1968); editor of Agents of Empire: Anglo-Zionist intelligence operations, 1915-1919 (Brassey's, London, 1995); Francis Youghusband and the great game (Cape, London, 1991); Assassination in Algiers: Churchill, Roosevelt and the murder of Admiral Darlan (Macmillan, London, 1991); The road to Zimbabwe, 1890-1980 (Cape, London, 1986); Through the looking glass: British foreign policy in an age of illusions (Cape, London, 1983); International peacekeeping: United Nations forces in a troubled world (Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1981).
See sub-fonds level descriptions for individual biographies.
Edward Vernon, a distant relation of Admiral Edward Vernon, saw much of his early service in the Mediterranean and was promoted to lieutenant in 1743. At the beginning of the Seven Years War he was again in the Mediterranean and then in command of the REVENGE, Channel Fleet, between 1760 and 1763. 1776, Commander-in-Chief, East Indies. Vernon was promoted to rear-admiral in 1779, returned to England in 1781 and saw no further service. He became a vice-admiral in 1787 and admiral in 1794.
Born, c 1637; Education: Westminster School; Christ Church, Oxford; BA (1658), MA (1660); Career: Began his travels before he had taken his Master's degree, captured by pirates and sold; returned to Oxford (c 1660); accompanied the Earl of Carlisle, Ambassador-Extraordinary to Sweden (1668); Secretary to the Embassy at Paris, where he acted as medium of communication between men of science in England and France (1669-1671); Fellow of the Royal Society, 1672; travelled through Venice, Dalmatia, Greece, Turkey and Persia, where he was murdered by some Arabs in a quarrel over a penknife, 1677.
In 1957 Elizabeth (Betty) Betty Vernon was in correspondence with several individuals in relation to the completion of her biography of Philippa Fawcett. She sent typescript copies to a group which included Vera Douie, then the librarian of the Fawcett Society, as well as to Miss Philippa Strachey, the secretary of the Fawcett Society and Dame Margaret Cole. They wrote back to her to point out minor corrections to make to her manuscript.
Philippa Strachey (1872-1968), known as Pippa, was born in 1872 to Lady Jane Maria Strachey and Major Richard Strachey. She was brought up first in India, where her father was a leading figure in the administration, and then in London, where the family moved in 1879. Her mother was active in the movement for women's suffrage and both Philippa and her siblings were encouraged to contribute to this work. In 1906 she became a member of the executive committee of the Central Society for Women's Suffrage and the following year she was elected the secretary of its successor the London Society for Women's Suffrage. In 1906 she joined the London Society for Women's Suffrage, succeeding Edith Palliser as secretary the following year. It was also in 1907 that she joined her mother Lady Jane Maria Strachey in organising what became known as the 'Mud March' at the instigation of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies and which went from Hyde Park to the Exeter Hall to demand the vote. During the First World War she was deeply involved in various war works, from being the secretary of the Women's Service Bureau for War Workers to participating as a member of the Committee for the London units of the Scottish Women's Hospital from 1914-1919. This war work began her lasting involvement with the issue of women's employment and she remained the secretary of the Women's Service Bureau after 1918 when it became concerned with helping women thrown out of jobs on the return of men from the Front. She remained there until its dissolution, which came in 1922, caused by a financial crisis in the parent organisation. However, subsequently Strachey helped to found a new group to fill the gap, becoming the secretary and then honorary secretary of the Women's Employment Federation. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, family problems took up much of her time as she nursed both her mother and her brother Lytton until their deaths. However, all through this time she remained active in the London Society for Women's Service and when it was renamed the Fawcett Society in 1951, she was asked to be its honorary secretary. It was that year that she was awarded the CBE for her work for women. She subsequently was made a governor of Bedford College. Increasing ill-health slowed the pace of her work and blindness finally forced her to enter a nursing home at the end of her life. She died in 1968.
Vernon, popularly referred to as 'Old Grog', became a lieutenant in 1702, a captain in 1706 and saw service in the Mediterranean, West Indies and the Baltic. At the outbreak of war with Spain in 1739 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, West Indies, and was successful in capturing Portobello and at the bombardment of Cartagena, although unsuccessful in attempts to land at Cartagena and at Santiago de Cuba Vernon returned to England in 1742. In 1745, at the threat of a French invasion, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief at the Downs but fell foul of the Admiralty, was superseded and later struck off the list. He was Member of Parliament for Penryn, 1722-1734, Portsmouth, 1741, and Ipswich, 1741-1757. Among the biographies is G H Hartmann The angry Admiral, the later career of Edward Vernon, Admiral of the White (London, 1953). Many of the papers have been published by B McL. Ranft The Vernon papers (Navy Records Society, 1958).
Born 1930; commissioned into the Irish Guards, 1951; service in the UK and British Army of the Rhine, West Germany, 1951-[1960]; Lt, 1953; Capt, 1957; author, 1963-1990. Publications: The standard bearer. The story of Sir Edmund Verney, Knight Marshal to Charles I (Hutchinson, London, 1963); The Micks. The story of the Irish Guards (Peter Davies, London, 1970); The Battle of Blenheim (Batsford, London, 1976); The gardens of Scotland (Batsford, London, 1976); Anzio 1944, an unexpected fury (Batsford, London, 1978); Here comes the circus (Paddington Press, London, 1978); editor of The Batsford book of sporting verse (Batsford, London, 1979); The earthquake handbook (Paddington Press, London, 1979); Homo tyrannicus, a history of man's war against animals (Mills and Boon, London, 1979); The genius of the garden, with Michael Dunne (Webb and Bower, Exeter, Devon, 1989).
Professor Ernest Basil Verney (1894-1967), MD, FRCP, FRS, was a physiologist and pharmacologist. An outline of his life and career follows: Born 1894; Exhibition to Downing College, Cambridge, 1913; First class honours part 1 natural science tripos, 1916; Shuter scholar, St Bartholomew's Hospital, anatomy and physiology, 1916-1918; Served in the Royal Army Medical Corps, 1918-1919; MB, BChir (Cantab) MRCP (London), 1920; Assistant to E.H. Starling in the Institute of Physiology, University College London, 1921; Married Ruth Eden Conway, 1923; Assistant to Professor T R Elliott in University College Hospital Medical School, 1924; Chair of Pharmacology at University College London, 1926; Acquitted of charge of using stolen dog in research, 1926; Breakdown in health, 1930; Sheild Reader in Pharmacology in Cambridge, Fellow of Darwin College, 1934; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1936; First Sheild Professor of Pharmacology, Cambridge, 1946; Honorary DSc, University of Melbourne, 1956; Visiting Professor at the University of Melbourne Baly medal of the Royal College of Physicians Honorary member of the Physiological Society, 1957; Retired; Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology, Cambridge, 1961; Personal chair at University of Melbourne, work on adrenal secretions, 1961-1964; Died 1967.
Jacques M Vergotti (1915-) was one time equerry to King Michael of Romania (1920-) (reigned 1926-1947).
Born 1850; began surveying as a Midshipman in the Royal Navy Surveying Service aboard the HMS NASSU, 1868; first charting work was in the Magellan Strait; China Station, 1870-1873; served aboard HMS ALERT under Capt Nares, 1878; service on board the Royal Yacht Victoria and Albert, 1879; first command, hydrographic surveyor on HMS MAGPIE in the Sunda Strait and North East Borneo coasts, including surveying on the China Station, [1881-1883]; commissioned HMS RAMBLER and carried out extensive surveys in the Red Sea and in the East, 1884-; surveyed the Western Australian waters in HMS MYRMIDON; Professional Advisor to the Harbour Department at the Board of Trade, 1897-1900; watercolourist; Commander, 1881; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1881-1900; died 1900.
The title Viscount Gort in the peerage of Ireland was created in 1816 for John Prendergast-Smyth, Baron Kiltarton. Gort is a town in County Galway. The 2nd Viscount Gort was Prendergast-Smyth's nephew Charles Vereker (1768-1842). On Charles' death in 1842 his son John Prendergast Vereker (1790-1865) became the 3rd Viscount. Apart from the Irish property most of the property featured in this collection came to the Gort family through Elizabeth Mary, the 3rd Viscount's wife, as daughter of John Jones and as widow of George Tudor.
Verdi was born in Le Roncole, Italy, in 1813. He showed a talent for music as a child and started his career teaching music, undertaking church duties and conducting the town orchestra. He moved to Milan and became famous for his operas, the most well known of which include, Simon Boccanegra (1857), Otello (1886) and Falstaff (1893). He died in 1901.
Verdeil was an eminent Swiss physician and scientist who practised at Lausanne. He began to practise in 1770 (see MS.4921) and rose to become President of the Bureau de Santé for the city and Vice-President of the Collège de Médecine at Lausanne from 1797. In the latter he succeeded Samuel Auguste André David Tissot (1728-1797). In 1799 he became head of the Swiss Army Medical Services.
Gabriel François Venel was an eminent physician and chemist. He obtained his MD at Montpellier in 1742, took up the study of chemistry, and in 1757 was appointed professor of materia medica and chemistry at his old university, a post which he held until his death in 1775.
Eva Veneer worked as a Secretary to an Insurance Broker for eleven years prior to undertaking nursing training at King's College Hospital, London, which she entered in 1940.
This firm of wholesale stationers and papermakers first appears in the London trade directories in 1817. It was known as W. Venables and Company (1817-25), Venables and Wilson (1826-[1835]), Venables, Wilson and Tyler ([1835]-58), Venables, Tyler and Son (1859-1900), and Venables, Tyler and Company Limited (1901-81). After 1981, the firm is no longer mentioned in the directories.
It was based at 17 Queenhithe (1817-1976) and 46/48 Webber Street (1977-81). Partners in the business included two Lord Mayors of London, William Venables (d.1840) and Sir George Robert Tyler (1835-97).
Vehicle and General Insurance Company Ltd was incorporated in September 1923 as a private company with the power to carry on insurance business. It went public in February 1961 and initiated a sales policy offering a high rate of No claims discount to careful private motorists. Expansion was rapid - a number of subsidiary companies were purchased (see ACC/2670/1126 for a detailed chart) and it was estimated that by 1970 they insured about 10 per cent of private motorists in the United Kingdom.
Originally operating from Rayners Lane, Middlesex, the firm moved its headquarters to Northwood, Middlesex and then, in May 1968, to Bushey, Hertfordshire. In 1963 a branch office had opened in Scotland - by 1971 there were ten such offices throughout the country.
On March 1, 1971 the Directors announced their intention of petitioning the court for the compulsory winding up of Vehicle and General along with five of its subsidiaries - Automobile and General Insurance Co. Ltd., Transport Indemnity Insurance Co. Ltd, and World Auxiliary Insurance Corporation Ltd. The Winding Up orders were issued on 22 March although World Anxiliary was granted an adjournment.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
The Magistracy sat at Zeeland (also spelt Zealand) which constitutes the Southwest region of the Netherlands.
: Herbert Alfred Vaughan was born in Gloucester on the 15th April 1832, the eldest son of Colonel John Vaughan and Eliza Vaughan, née Rolls. The Vaughans were a large landed family of English Roman Catholic recusant stock, whose estate was situated at Courtfield, near the English-Welsh border. Vaughan was educated at the Jesuit colleges of Stoneyhurst (1841-1846), and Brugelette, Belgium (1846-1848), and thence at the Benedictine Downside Abbey (1849-1951). Rather than following the his father's path as a country gentlemen, he decided to enter the priesthood, setting an example for his siblings (five of his seven brothers also became priests, and all of his five sisters became nuns). In 1852, therefore, Vaughan commenced theological studies in Rome, leading to his ordination on 28th October 1854, at Lucca in Italy, at the age of only 22. His first post after ordination was that of Vice-Rector at the seminary of St Edmund's, Ware, in Hertfordshire, the main seminary of the South of England.
Soon after, however, he determined to devote himself to missionary work. Not strong enough himself for the vigours of overseas work, he aimed to achieve this via the establishment of a missionary training college; he was encouraged in his plans by his friend Father (later Cardinal) Henry Edward Manning (1808-1892) and by Cardinal Nicholas Patrick Stephen Wiseman (1802-1865).
To this end, Vaughan embarked on a fundraising tour in the Caribbean and South America, with the result that a year after his return to England in 1865, he was able to rent a house in Mill Hill in north London. Under conditions of some poverty, the house operated as the new missionary training school, that of St Joseph's Society of the Sacred Heart for Foreign Missions. Following further fundraising initiated by Archbishop Manning in 1868, the building of a new college on a freehold site nearby was completed in 1871; at the time it served a community of 34 students.
Later that year, the first missionary endeavour of St Joseph's was realised. Rome assigned the evangelization of the recently freed black population of the southern states of the USA. To this end, Vaughan himself travelled to America with his first four missionary priests. This led to the successful establishment of a mission in Baltimore, Maryland, out of which developed, by 1892, a separate society, that of the Josephite Fathers.
Upon his return to England, following the death of the Bishop of Salford, William Turner, Vaughan was appointed as Turner's successor. Although this meant that he had to relinquish his role as the local superior of St Joseph's College, he remained until his death the head of the Missionary Society. His new role in Salford brought him into contact with a group of women organized by a Lancashire woman, Alice Ingham, attached to the Franciscan monastery at Gorton. Turner had imposed a period of probation on Ingham's group which had not expired upon his death; in 1878 Vaughan therefore invited the community, by way of an alternative probation, to take over the management of St Joseph's college. Ingham's women therefore moved to London and in 1883 took vows as Sisters of St Joseph's Society of the Sacred Heart of the Third Order Regular of St Francis. As associates of Mill Hill, as St Joseph's came to be known, the Sisters not only not only provided local support for the priesthood, but established their own mission territories, for example, in Brunei and later in Kenya, thus helping to further realise Vaughan's missionary vision.
Vaughan's other endeavours included the establishment of the Rescue and Protection Society, a philanthropic organization working with Catholic children in the north of England, the purchase and editorship of the Catholic paper The Tablet, and, following his ordination as Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster in 1892, the foundation of Westminster Cathedral. However, despite these other occupations, he was still able to witness the expansion of missionary activity from Mill Hill (this included the establishment of additional training colleges in the Netherlands and the Tyrol, and, during Vaughan's own lifetime, missions including those to South India, West Pakistan, Brunei, New Zealand and Uganda). Vaughan returned to Mill Hill at the end of his life, where he died and was buried in 1903.
See also: John George Snead Cox, The life of Cardinal Vaughan (London: Herbert & Daniel, 1910); Letters of Herbert Cardinal Vaughan to Lady Herbert of Lea, 1867-1903 ed. by Shane Leslie (London: Burns & Oates, 1942); Francis M. Dreves, Remembered in blessing: the Courtfield story (Glasgow: Sands & Co, 1955); Christopher Cook, A century of charity: the story of the Mill Hill Missionaries (London: Incorporated Catholic Truth Society, 1965); Arthur MacCormack, Cardinal Vaughan: the life of the third Archbishop of Westminster (London: Burns & Oates, 1966); Reverend William Mol, 'The archives of the Mill Hill Missionaries', Catholic Archives, II (1982), 20-27; Robert O'Neil, Cardinal Herbert Vaughan (Burns & Oates, 1995); Mary Vaughan, Courtfield and the Vaughans: an English Catholic inheritance (London: Quiller Press, 1989); Robert J. O'Neil, Cardinal Herbert Vaughan: Archbishop of Westminster, Bishop of Salford, founder of the Mill Hill Missionaries (Tunbridge Wells: Burns & Oates, 1995); Sister Germaine Henry, 'The archives of the Franciscan Missionary Sisters of St Joseph', Catholic Archives, XVI (1996), 12-20; Reverend William Mol, 'The archives of the Mill Hill Missionaries since 1982', Catholic Archives, XVI (1996), 12-20.
Keith Vaughan 1912-1977, born on the 23rd August 1912 at Selsey Bill, Sussex, was an English painter and writer. After attending Christ's Hospital school, he worked at Lintas advertising agency until he abandoned his career in advertising in 1939 to pursue painting. When the Second World War broke out Vaughan joined the St John's Ambulance as a conscientious objector. In 1941, Vaughan was attached to the Pioneer Corps and was periodically moved from camp to camp around southern England, generally working on the land until he was transferred north in 1943 to Yorkshire. His drawings of army life attracted attention and he entered the circle of Peter Watson in London. During the war Vaughan formed friendships with the painters Graham Sutherland and John Minton, with whom, after demobilization in 1946, he shared a studio. Through these contacts he formed part of the Neo-Romantic circle of the immediate post-war period. During the 1950s, Paul Cezanne and Henri Matisse were major influences, but most important was that of Nicolas De Stael, who enabled him to reconcile figurative and abstract elements. After 1945 Vaughan travelled in the Mediterranean, North Africa, Mexico and the USA, where he was resident artist at Iowa State University in 1959. He taught in London at Camberwell School of Art (1946-1948) and the Central School of Arts and Crafts (1948-1957) and was a visiting teacher at the Slade School of Fine Art (1959-1977). Vaughan is also known for his journals which he began writing in August 1939, selections from which were published in 1966 and more extensively in 1989 (Keith Vaughan Journals 1939-1977, Alan Ross, London, John Murry, 1989). Vaughan had considerable success, including the award of a CBE in 1965. He was diagnosed with cancer in 1975 and committed suicide on the 4th November 1977.
Herbert Stanley Vaughan (d 1935) was Victualling Store Officer at Hong Kong, Malta and Plymouth between 1899 and 1911, and Superintendent of Victualling at Gibraltar, Malta and Plymouth between 1914 and 1923. An enthuiastic historian, he was an active founding member of the Society for Nautical Research. His son, Captain Herbert Reginald Henry Vaughan (d 1978) served in the Royal Navy between 1911 and 1945. He served aboard HMS TRIAD in the Persian Gulf between 1928 and 1930, and during the Second World War took part, as Secretary to Admiral Lord Cork, in the attack in 1940 on Narvik.
Born Gloucester 1832 of an ancient family, the Vaughans of Courtfield. His mother was a convert. Five of her seven sons became priests and all six daughters became nuns. He was educated at Stonyhurst and the Jesuit College of Brugelette in Belgium. At the age of 19, he attended the Accademia in Rome where he met Manning. His health was not good so he was ordained early at 22 and Wiseman appointed him to St Edmund's College, Ware, as Vice-Rector.
He started with vision the great Missionary College of Mill Hill and toured widely in the USA to raise funds for it. He bought The Tablet and edited it for a time. In 1870 at the age of 40 he was made Bishop of Salford; Archbishop of Westminster 1892-1903; Created Cardinal Priest of Santi Andrea e Gregorio Magno on 16 Jan 1893. His titular Church was St Andrew and St Gregory on the Coelian Hill.
In 1895 he laid the foundation stone of Westminster Cathedral, desiring that the Benedictines should regularly sing Office there. He founded the Crusade of Rescue for needy children. He wrote The Young Priest. He died in 1903 aged 71.
Dame Janet had a distinguished career in medicine during the interwar years, developing a standard treatment by liver for pernicious anaemia, and was a pioneer of the wartime Blood Transfusion Service, following her experiences in this field during the Spanish Civil War. She was also part of the team providing experimental food supplements to Belsen shortly after its liberation. Both these aspects of her career are reflected in these files. In 1945 she was elected Principal of Somerville College and continued to have an active career both as a scientist, working on the biological effects of nuclear radiation, and as an administrator. She was a persistent campaigner for equal pay and status for women.
No further information available at present.
Unknown
Collections held in the Unofficial Archives are all closely related to the Museum and its work, but are not strictly speaking part of its official archive.
Unknown
Papers relating to a number of separate war crimes trials deposited at different times from different sources. There follow the names of defendants in the said trials followed by short biographical histories, where known:
Erich Koch Trial, People's Court, Warsaw, 1958- Erich Koch, former Gauleiter of the Ukraine, and Reich Defence Commissioner in East Prussia was convicted of the murder of 72,000 Poles, and of sending 200,000 others to forced labour camps. He was accused by prosecutors of bearing directly responsibility for the deaths of several million Poles and Russians.
The Swiss Federal Supreme Court conducted 6 trials of 102 Swiss citizens between 1946 and 1948, of whom 99 would be given various sentences for political treason, political or military intelligence activities, violation of military secrets, and military service abroad. Notable names among them were P Benz, G Oltramare, P Bonny, R Fonjallaz, J Barwirsch, H Frei, F Riedweg, T Stadler, F Burri and M L Keller.
Horst Wagner Trial, Hamm, North Rhine Westphalia, District Court, 1959- This former legation counsellor in the Nazi foreign ministry was accused of being accessory to the murder of several hundred thousand Jews. He was head of Gruppe Inland II, which worked with Adolf Eichmann, on the deportation of Jews from a number of European countries. He managed to evade justice for 30 years. Born in Posen in 1906, trained as a journalist in Berlin where he joined the SA in 1933, in May 1938 he joined the foreign ministry. In January 1944 he became liaison officer between the foreign office and the SS, during which period he became involved in the deportation of Jews. He was in custody during the Nuremberg trials where he was a witness, and after which, in 1948, he was released.
Fischer-Schweder et al Higher District Court Stuttgart, 1959. The defendants Bernhard Fischer-Schweder; Werner Schmidt-Hammer; Hans-Joachim Böhme; Werner Hersmann; Edwin Sakuth; Werner Kreuzmann; Harm Willms Harms; Gerhard Carsten; Franz Behrendt; Pranas Lukys alias Jakys were accused of the mass murder of of Jews and Communists in and around the Tilsit region of Lithuania as part of the orders carried out by Einsatzgruppe A.
Heilmann, Kierspel and Mirbeth, Jury Court, Bremen, 1953- Helmrich Hermann Philipp Heilmann, Josef Kierspel and Johann Mirbeth were found guilty of murder, attempted murder and manslaughter in their respective capacities as concentration camp guards in Sachsenhausen, Flossenbürg, Auschwitz and others.
Udo von Woyrsch and Ernst Müller Trial, Jury Court Osnabrueck and Federal Appeal Court, 1957-1958- charged with accessory to manslaughter and manslaughter of a number of SA men on 30 June 1934.
Dr Emanuel Schaefer and others, Jury Court, Köln - charged, in his capacity as commander of the Sicherheitspolizei und SD in Serbia, for affording assistance to others in their perpetration of the murder of over 6000 Jewish women and children in a camp in Belgrade between end February and end May 1942 also Emanuel Schaefer, Franz Sprinz and Kurt Matschke charged for having knowingly afforded assistance to those who effected the deportation of Jews from Köln to the east. Schaefer, a career police officer with a law degree, held a number of senior positions in various forces including leader of the Stapo in Oppel; a short stint as head of an Einsatzgruppe of the Sicherheitspolizei und SD in Poland; head of the Stapo at Kattowitz; head of the Stapo at Köln until 6 January 1942 when he was made commander of the Sicherheitspolizei und SD in Serbia.
Franz Rademacher and Dr Klingfuss, District Court Nuremberg-Fürth, 1952- Franz Rademacher was the head of D III the so-called Jewish desk of the Nazi Foreign Office from May 1940 to April 1943. He became involved in the plan to re-settle Jews in Madagascar and after it was decided that this plan could no longer be realized, he was sent to Serbia to help the authorities to find a 'local solution' to their 'Jewish problem' (firing squads). In Autumn 1941 he was directly involved in the mass murder of Jews. In the Spring of 1943 he was released for military service in the navy. After the war he was tried and convicted at Nuremberg-Fürth (see below), but jumped bail while the case was being appealed and fled to Syria in 1953. Penniless and in ill health he returned to Germany in 1966 and faced a further trial, conviction, and appeal before his death in 1973. Dr Klingenfuss had spent many years in the foreign office and from July to December 1942 he worked with the co-defendant in department D III of the Foreign Office.
Friedrich Georg Hermann Hildebrand, District Court, Bremen, 1953- Hildebrand was was part of the staff of the Lemberg office of the Galicia district of the SS und Polizeiführer, from July 1942, as commandant of the slave labour camp of Drohobycz and Boryslaw until his deployment as inspector of the Jewish slave camps throughout Galicia in summer 1943.
Johann Paul Kremer, Highest People's Court, Krakau, Poland, 1947- Kremer, a former doctor at Auschwitz was condemned to death by the Polish Supreme National Tribunal on 22 December 1947 for his involvement in the murder of Auschwitz prisoners. He received a presidential reprieve and his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. On 11 January 1958 he was let out on probation and handed over to West Germany where he was tried at the Landgericht, Münster, Westphalia, and sentenced to a total of 10 years for 2 counts of accessory to murder, on 29 November 1960. Since he had spent more than 10 years in a Polish prison he was allowed to go free.
Philipp Mensinger, District Court, Bremen, 1967- Mensinger was accused of 8 counts of murder at the site of the business Karpathen Öl AG, Galicia which employed slave labour.
Dr Carl Clauberg Trial, District Court, Kiel, 1956- Carl Clauberg, an eminent professor of medicine at Kiel University, is indicted here on numerous counts of grievous bodily harm; intent to injure; manslaughter as a result, principally, of his experiments on sterilisation of women patients at Auschwitz and Ravensbrück.
Indictment 1964- Karl Wolff, one of Himmler's most trusted colleagues. In 1931 Wolff joined the Nazi party and the SS, and in July 1933 he was appointed Himmler's adjutant. In 1936 he was elected to the Reichstag as a member from Hesse. Wolff advanced rapidly up the SS ladder, being appointed Standartenführer in January 1934, Gruppenführer in the Waffen- SS in May 1940, and SS- Obergruppenführer and Generaloberst (senior general) in 1942. He was awarded the Nazi party gold medal on January 30 1939. It was Wolff, who, with Himmler's help, obtained the necessary deportation trains from the German railways administration for transporting innumerable thousands of Jews to the Treblinka extermination camp. In September 1943 Wolff became military governor of northern Italy and plenipotentiary of the Reich to Mussolini's Fascist government. In February 1945 Wolff contacted US intelligence agent Allen Dulles in Zurich and arranged for the surrender of the German forces in northern Italy.
The documents in this collection all relate to Livery Companies but have a separate provenance to the records of the relevant Company and have therefore been catalogued separately.
Eton College, a public school in Eton, Berkshire, was founded by Henry VI in 1440-1441 and largely educates boys from the upper classes. The precise background to this manuscript is unknown.
The TUC Library was established in 1922 and was based on the integrated collections of the TUC Parliamentary Committee, the Labour Party Information Bureau, and the Womens Trade Union League. It was run as a joint library with the Labour Party until the TUC moved to Congress House in 1956. The collection was developed for the use of the TUC and affiliated unions, but its specialisation has led to its parallel development as a major research library in the social sciences. In September 1996, the Collections moved to their new home in the London Metropolitan University. The Library includes several archives. The majority of these were held in the TUC Museum Collection and transferred to the University in 1998.
The TUC Library was established in 1922 and was based on the integrated collections of the TUC Parliamentary Committee, the Labour Party Information Bureau, and the Womens Trade Union League. It was run as a joint library with the Labour Party until the TUC moved to Congress House in 1956. The collection was developed for the use of the TUC and affiliated unions, but its specialisation has led to its parallel development as a major research library in the social sciences. In September 1996, the Collections moved to their new home in the London Metropolitan University. The Library includes several archives. The majority of these were held in the TUC Museum Collection and transferred to the University in 1998.
The Royal Anthropological Institute, which dates from 1843, has gathered various papers and collections over time; unpublished papers, not directly part of the Institute's own history, form the Manuscript Collection; for papers relating to the history and activities of the Institute see the 'Archives' collection.