No information was available at the time of compilation.
Dr Hull was appointed assistant physician to the Norwich Hospital in 1828, and physician in 1840: he resigned in 1854.
Edith Maud Hull (1880-1947) (née Henderson) was an author who wrote using the pseudonym EM Hull. She was also known as Edith Maud Winstanley. She was born in London to James Henderson, a Liverpool shipowner, and Katie Thorne, of New Brunswick, Canada. In her youth she travelled in Algeria, which may have provided the inspiration for her later novels. She married Percy Winstanley Hull (b 1869), a gentleman pig farmer of Derbyshire, in the early 1900s. They lived at The Knowle, the Hull family estate in Hazelwood, Derbyshire, and had one daughter, Cecil Winstanley Hull. EM Hull began to write romantic fiction during the First World War while her husband was serving in the military. Her first and most famous novel, The Sheik (1919), was a bestseller, and was made into a phenomenally successful film starring Rudolph Valentino. It was considered exotic and shocking at the time, contributing to the fashion for the 'desert romance' genre of fiction and turning EM Hull into a bestselling novelist. She went on to write seven more books, including Sons of the Sheik (1925), which was also made into a film with Valentino. EM Hull died at home in Hazelwood, Derbyshire on 14 Feb 1947.
John Hulbert was a pupil at St Thomas's Hospital,London, entered Oct 1807.
Hulbert acted as an admiral's secretary and prize agent early in the nineteenth century. He served on the North American Station in 1804 as secretary to Sir John Borlase Warren (1753-1852) and between 1808 and 1809 exchanged with the secretary of Admiral Rowley (1765-1842) on the Jamaica Station. He served again with Warren, 1810 to 1814, on the North American Station, 1813 to 1814, when a large number of prizes were taken.
The Huguenot Friendly Benefit Society was founded in 1687 as the Society of Parisians. It met at the Norfolk Arms in William Street in the parish of St Matthew Bethnal Green and the membership was limited to 61 persons.
Thomas Byrdall Hugo of Newton Abbott, Devon, was admitted 24 Jan 1780 as pupil at St Thomas's Hospital. Died 1780.
Joseph Else was Surgeon to St Thomas's Hospital, London from 1768 to 1780. He was appointed Lecturer in Anatomy and Surgery in 1768 on the unification of the medical schools of St Thomas's and Guy's Hospitals.
Publications: An essay on the cure of the hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis testis (London, 1770); The works of ... J. E., ... containing a treatise on the hydrocele, and other papers on different subjects in surgery. To which is added, an appendix, containing some cases of hydrocele ... by G Vaux (London, 1782); [An account of a successful method of treating sore legs.] Méthode avantageuse de traiter les ulcères des jambes in [Surgical tracts, containing a treatise upon ulcers of the legs.] Traité sur les ulcères des jambes, etc by Michael Underwood M D pp 217-228 (1744 [1784]).
No further information at present.
Edward Victor Hugo was born in 1865. He was educated at Foyle College, Londonderry and at St Bartholomew's Hospital, qualifying in 1889 and winning honours and a gold medal at the London MB, BS examination in 1890. He also took honours at the MD examination in 1892 and was commissioned a Surgeon-Lieutenant in the Indian Medical Service in 1892. He served in the Waziristan expedition on the North-West frontier in 1894-1895, winning the medal with clasp, and was promoted Surgeon-Captain in 1895. He was at the relief of Chitral in 1895, again winning the medal with clasp, and was mentioned in dispatches for his services in the defence and relief of Chakdara also on the North-West frontier in 1897-1898. He was promoted Major in 1904, came to England and took the Fellowship in 1906, and was elected Professor of Surgery at King Edward's Medical College, Lahore, in 1908. On the outbreak of World War One he reverted to military duties, having been promoted Lieutenant-Colonel in 1912. He was present at the Dardanelles landing in 1915 as senior medical officer in the hospital ship GASCON. He was posted to the Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force as a consulting surgeon, was mentioned in dispatches, and was created CMG in 1917. After the war he resumed the chair of surgery at Lahore until his retirement in 1922. He died in Richmond, in 1951.
Probate (also known as proving a will) was the process of establishing the validity of a will.
H. G. A. Hughes was born 21 July 1921 in Pontlottyn, Wales. He was educated in Pontypridd and at Jesus College, Oxford. In 1947 he gained a diploma in Education from the Institute of Education and then remained there as a research assistant on Community Development and Tropical Education. From 1949 to 1954 he was lecturer in Linguistics with reference to Oceanic Languages at the School of Oriental and African Studies and during this period, from Jan 1951 - Jun 1952, he undertook research in Gilbert Islands and Ellice Islands, Solomon Islands and Samoa. From 1955 to 1959 he was International Librarian at the International Library, Liverpool and from 1959 to 1963 Head of Department of Commerce and Liberal Studies at the Technical College, Colwyn Bay. In 1963 he became Visiting Senior Lecturer at Charles University, Prague and received a doctorate from the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. From 1966 to 1974 he was Borough Librarian for Flint and then worked as a tutor for the Open University, trainee solicitor and financial administrator and Hospital Secretary, St. Clare's, Pantasaph.
Dr Hughes has written numerous publications on a wide range of subjects, but with a particular reference to the Pacific, and since 1947 he has been Director of a number of companies involved in reviewing, publishing and translating; particularly on Welsh subjects. Membership of organisations includes Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Societé des Oceanistes, Polynesian Society, Linguistic Society of New Zealand, Association of Social Anthropologists in Oceania, Institute of Journalism, Society of Authors, Translators Association, Welsh Academy, Welsh Union of Writers, Communist Party of Great Britain, Democratic Left, and Plaid Cymru.
Born 1933; educated Bury Grammar School, 1944-1951, and Brasenose College, Oxford University, 1951-1956; National Service, 1956-1958, qualifying as a Russian interpreter Class II; Senior Hulme Studentship at Brasenose College, Oxford University, 1958-1959; Assistant Lecturer, 1959-1960, Lecturer, 1960-1972, and Senior Lecturer, 1972, Department of Laws, King's College London; Sub-Dean, Faculty of Laws, King's College London.
Publications: Roman law in a nutshell (Sweet and Maxwell, London, 1960).
William Lockhart was born on 3 October 1811 in Liverpool. He trained at the Meath Hospital, Dublin, and Guy's Hospital, London. Joining the London Missionary Society, he was appointed medical missionary to Canton and sailed on 31 July 1838. In 1839 he left Canton to set up a hospital in Macao. Following an arrangement with American missionaries he left Macao for Chusan and reached Tinghae on 13 September 1840. The following year he returned to Macao and married Catherine Parkes. In 1842 he went to Hong Kong then to Chusan and in 1843 arrived at Shanghai and opened a hospital along with Dr. Medhurst. Following a trip home to England, Lockhart visited Peking and worked there from 1861 to 1864. He returned to England permanently in 1864 and retired in 1867. He was elected Chairman of the Board of Directors of the London Missionary Society from 1869 to 1870. In 1892 he presented his library to the London Missionary Society. He died on 29 April 1896.
Alan P Hughes is the great-great-grandson of Lockhart.
Hugh Stevenson and Sons Ltd was a paper box-making business started in 1859 by Mr Hugh Stevenson at Great Marlborough Street, Manchester. For twenty-eight years it traded locally until, in 1887, it expanded to incorporate more staff and a more accomplished method of production. This expansion also saw the enlargement of the Manchester premises quickly followed by the opening of branches in London (with works at Summerstown, Wandsworth), Perth and Birmingham, and of Agencies in most of the large Colonial centres. In 1898, the business was incorporated as a private limited company and in 1900 became the proprietors of the Corruganza Manufacturing Co.
In the 1914 edition of Whitaker's Red Book of Commerce or Who's Who in Business it was listed as "Box manufacturers and machinists. Specialities: every kind of cardboard box, metal-edged boxes, cylindrical boxes etc., celluloid boxes, plain and decorated tin boxes, show-cards of tin and cardboard, corrugated paper and boxes made of tin and cardboard, embossing and gold blocking, box-making machinery of every description, printing and lithographing, mounts and frames for photographs, leatherboards, strawboards and general box-making supplies. Employees 2,610".
The Hudson Bay Company was incorporated in England on May 2, 1670, to seek a northwest passage to the Pacific, to occupy the lands adjacent to Hudson Bay, and to carry on any commerce with those lands that might prove profitable. The Company engaged in the fur trade during its first two centuries of existence. In the 1670s and '80s the company established a number of posts on the shores of James and Hudson bays. Most of these posts were captured by the French and were in French hands between 1686 and 1713, when they were restored to the company by the Treaty of Utrecht. It still exists as a commercial company active in real estate, merchandising, and natural resources, with headquarters in Toronto.
Born 1838; educated King's College London and St John's College, Cambridge; Mathematical Lecturer, St Catherine's College, Cambridge, 1862-1863 and 1867-1868, and at St John's College, Cambridge, 1869-1881; Fellow of King's College London, 1873; Professor of Mathematics, King's College London, 1882-1903, and Queen's College, London, 1883-1905; Member of Council, London Mathematical Society, 1894-1899; Member of Senate, London University, 1901-1904; Honorary Fellow of Queen's College, 1909; died 1915.
Publications: preface to The story of arithmetic by Susan Cunnington (Swan Sonnenschein and Co, London, 1904); Algebra; editor of Books I and II of Euclid; Notes on the first principles of dynamics (Hodgson, London, 1884); On the teaching of elementary algebra (C F Hodgson and Son, London, [1886]; On the teaching of Mathematics (Private, London, 1893).
Born in 1894; educated at King's College School and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; served with Royal Hampshire Regt, 1914-1926; served in World War Two; died in 1980.
No information was discovered at the time of compilation.
Born 22 July 1919; educated at Berwick-on-Tweed High School for Girls, 1929-1934, and Morpeth High School for Girls, Northumberland, 1934-1937; St Mary's College, University of Durham, 1937-1941; BA, English Language and Literature, 1940; teaching diploma, 1941; Assistant English Mistress, Urmston-Flixton Senior Girls' School, Lancashire, 1941-1943; Brentford Senior Girls' School, Middlesex, 1943-1944; Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Hexham, Northumberland, 1944-1948; MA, Durham, 1943; Assistante d'anglais, Collège Moderne de Jeunes-Filles, Clermont-Ferraud, France, 1948-1949; Lectrice d'anglais, Faculté des Lettres, Université de Dijon, France, and English teacher, Franco-British-American Institute, Dijon, France, 1949-1953; Docteur, Université de Dijon, France, 1953; Tutor, 1953, and Senior Tutor, 1957, St Mary's College, University of Durham, and Lecturer in English, University of Durham, 1953-1959; Tutor to Women Students, King's College, London, 1959-1973; Dean of Students, King's College, London, 1973-1982.
Born in 1874; House Surgeon and House Physician at Charing Cross Hospital, London, 1897-1898; entered Indian Medical Service, 1899; Medical Officer 2nd Queen's Own Rajput Light Infantry, 1899-1907; served in China, 1900-1902; Capt, 1902; served in Somaliland Field Force, 1903-1904; Staff Surgeon, Bangalore, 1908-1912; Maj, 1910; served in Balkan War, 1912-1913; Deputy Assistant Director of Medical Services, 1 Indian Cavalry Div, 1914-1916; Medical Officer, 11 King Edward's Own Lancers, 1916-1917; Lt Col, 1918; Assistant Director of Medical Services, Wazaristan Field Force, 1919-1920; Assistant Director of Medical Services, Wana Column, 1920-1921; Assistant Director of Medical Services, Razmak Field Force, 1922-1923; Director of Medical Organisation for War, Army HQ, 1924-1925; Col, 1925; Maj-Gen, 1928; Deputy Director of Medical Services, Eastern Command, 1928-1932; Honorary Surgeon to the King, 1928-1932; died in 1958.
Born, 1828; educated at Kensington grammar school and The Grange, Sunderland; earnt his living by teaching, first at Glasgow and than at the Royal Institution, Liverpool; attended St John's College, Cambridge, 1848-1852; second master of Bristol grammar school, 1852; headmaster, 1855; resigned his post at Bristol grammar school, 1860; opened a private school at Manilla Hall, Clifton, 1861-1881; devoted his leisure to microscopical research, in particular the study of the Rotifera; fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society, 1872; president of the Royal Microscopical Society, 1888-1890; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1889; died, 1903.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Louisa Maria Hubbard (1836-1906), promoter of employment for women and journal editor, was born in St Petersburg in 1836, the eldest daughter of an English merchant, William Egerton Hubbard, who returned to Britain in 1843. The family lived in Leonardslee near Horsham, Sussex, where she was educated at home. She began her public life in the 'deaconess movement', an organisation she supported between 1864-1874. From 1869, Louisa was editor of the Englishwoman's Yearbook. This publication provided a list of all the institutions and societies which existed for the benefit of women and children. In 1873, Louisa was responsible for establishing Bishop Otter College in Chichester. It was a training college for ladies wishing to work as elementary teachers. In 1875 Louisa founded the Woman's Gazette. This paper became known as Work and Leisure from Jan 1880. She was the editor of these papers from 1875-1893. From 1884-1885, she was involved with the United Englishwoman's Emigration Association whose aim was to emigrate women of good character, to ensure their safety during and after their travel and to keep in touch with them for some time after their arrival. In Nov 1885, Ellen Joyce and Mrs Adelaide Ross replaced Louisa Hubbard at the head of the organisation. She was also involved with the United British Women's Emigration Association. Louisa Hubbard died 25 Nov 1906.
Judith Hubback was born in 1917, the daughter of Sir John Fisher-Williams. She graduated from Newnham College, Cambridge in 1936 and married Eva Hubback's son the following year. After her marriage she taught until the first of her children was born but later returned to part-time coaching. In the late 1940s, Judith Hubback's mother in law, Eva Hubback, began a survey on housewives which was to have formed the basis for a chapter of a book on contemporary women. However, she died suddenly in 1949 before this could be completed. Judith Hubback took the information that the survey had revealed and analysed the data it contained, then wrote to the Manchester Guardian with the results. By 1950, she began work on expanding the survey and applied for funds from the government to conduct an inquiry into the part-time work available for married women but failed to gain the grant necessary. Instead, she reformulated her study to research the conditions and opinions of married female graduates and received a grant of 50 pounds from the Leche Foundation to carry it out. The survey was conducted from her home, sending out questionnaires to 1500 graduates, and had a 65% response rate. From the data which she received, she wrote the pamphlet 'Graduate Wives' in 1953 and the book Wives Who Went to College in 1957, both of which proved landmark works in the field. Hubback subsequently became involved in Jungian psychotherapy, training to be a psychotherapist at London University College and practising as a Jungian analyst from 1963 to date. She also published a series of articles in this field as well as books of poetry.
John Howship was born in 1781. He became assistant surgeon at the St George's Infirmary, London and a lecturer at the school of the St George's Hospital. He moved to the Charing Cross Hospital as Assistant Surgeon, in 1834, and was promoted to chief surgeon in 1836 after his predecessor, Thomas Pettigrew was dismissed after being found guilty of demanding and obtaining £500 from Mr Howship for the assistant surgeon position. Howship gave the Hunterian Lecture at the College of Surgeons in 1833. He died in 1841.
Bartholomew Howlett was born in Louth, Lincolnshire, and was baptized on 5 July 1767. He was apprenticed in London to the engraver James Heath, and afterwards lived in the Blackfriars area of London. His publications include A Selection of Views of the County of Lincoln (1801) and he contributed to John Britton's Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain and Robert Wilkinson's Londina illustrata. Howlett made over a thousand drawings of the original seals of monastic and religious houses for his friend and patron John Caley FRS FSA. Howlett died in 1827.
Source of information: L. H. Cust, 'Howlett, Bartholomew (1767-1827)', rev. Mary Guyatt, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
Thomas Howitt, was the son of Thomas Howitt (1785-1846), and followed his father in general practice at Lancaster. Howitt became MRCS in 1831, and in the same year became a Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries. He was elected FRCS in 1853. Howitt was dresser to Sir Charles Bell at Middlesex Hospital in 1830 and in 1832 visited Paris and studied French Hospital Practice, particularly the technique of Baron Dupuytren. He was Surgeon, and afterwards Consulting Surgeon, to the Lancaster Infirmary, Surgeon to the Lancaster Yeomanry, and Justice of the Peace for Lancaster. He died in 1886 or 1887.
No information could be found at the time of compilation.
Frank Steward Howes, born 1891; educated at Oxford High School, St John's College, Royal College of Music; joined the staff of The Times in 1925 and succeeded H C Colles as chief music critic, 1943-1960; lectured on musical history and appreciation at the RCM, 1938-1970.
Herbert Norman Howells, born Lydney, Gloucestershire, 17 Oct 1892; educated Lydney Grammar School and Gloucester Cathedral, where he was a pupil of Sir Herbert Brewer, Gloucester Cathedral; won Open Scholarship in Composition, Royal College of Music, 1912; studied there under Sir Charles Stanford, Sir Walter Parratt, Sir Hubert Parry, Charles Wood, and Sir Walford Davies, 1912-1917; succeeded to the Grove Scholarship, 1915, and became Bruce Scholar, 1916; his first work performed in London was the Mass produced by Sir Richard Terry at Westminster Cathedral, 1912; sub-organist, Salisbury Cathedral, until illness forced retirement, 1917; convalesced and acted as assistant to Sir Richard Terry in editing manuscripts of Tudor church music, and composed much of his own music, 1917-1920; appointed lecturer (later Professor of Composition), Royal College of Music; the death of his son Michael in 1935, acted as an influence on many of his later compositions; Director of Music, St Paul's Girls' School, Brook Green, 1936-1962; organist of St John's College, Cambridge, 1941-1945; appointed King Edward Professor of Music, University of London, 1950 (Emeritus 1962); President of the Royal College of Organists (1958-1959), Incorporated Society of Musicians (1952) and Plainsong and Mediaeval Music Society. Hon MusD Cambridge, 1961; Hon DMus RCM 1982; Hon. FRSCM, 1963; Hon Fellow: St John's College, Cambridge, 1962; Queen's College, Oxford, 1977; Master, Worshipful Company of Musicians, 1959 (first John Collard Fellow; elected to John Collard Life Fellowship, 1959); died London, 23 Feb 1983. Selected compositions: Sir Patrick Spens; Sine Nomine Procession; Puck's Minuet; Piano Concerto; Elegy for Strings; Concerto for Strings; Lady Audrey's Suite; Phantasy Quartet; Piano Quartet; Rhapsodic Quintet; First and Third Sonatas for violin and pianoforte; Lambert's Clavichord; In Green Ways, five songs for Soprano and Orchestra; Peacock Pie song-cycle; Sonata for Organ; Hymnus Paradisi; Missa Sabrinensis; Pageantry; A Kent Yeoman's Wooing Song; Four Organ Rhapsodies; Six Psalm Preludes; Music for a Prince (for HRH Prince Charles); Introit (composed for Coronation Service, 1953); Inheritance (commissioned by The Arts Council of Great Britain for A Garland for the Queen, 1953); An English Mass, 1955; Howell's Clavichord (20 pieces); Missa Aedis Christi; Missa, Collegium Regale; Three Figures; Sequence for St Michael; Coventry Antiphon; Stabat Mater; The Coventry Mass.
Born, 1833, Wrington; education was both sporadic and rudimentary, ending before he was twelve; at the age of eight he began working as a ploughboy, later moving to assist his father as a mortar boy and, in 1847, he became apprenticed to a Wrington shoemaker; largely self-taught, he was to become a voracious reader, notably of religious tracts and radical periodicals; enrolled in a local Chartist group, 1848, and underwent conversion to Wesleyan Methodism and taught at Sunday school. At the end of his apprenticeship in 1851, Howell moved first to Weston-super-Mare and then to Bristol, finding employment as a shoemaker and becoming involved in a Methodist improvement society and the local YMCA; returned to the building trade, due to the move of his parents back to Bristol, 1853; moved to London, 1855, and rose to the position of deputy foreman and began to become involved in politics spurred by acquaintance with former Chartists and political exiles, including Mazzini, Kossuth, and Marx. Following the nine-hours dispute in the building trades (1859-1862), Howell joined the London order of the Operative Bricklayers' Society where he came into contact with the other London trade unionists including William Allan, Robert Applegarth, Edwin Coulson, George Odger, and George Potter; through his involvement with the bricklayers' strike committee, Howell played a major part in the reorganization of the union on amalgamated principles and launched the Operative Bricklayers' Society Trade Circular in 1861; following leadership disputes with Edwin Coulson, ending with his resignation from the London order, and blacklisting by London builders, Howell moved to Surrey, and worked as a foreman with a former employer, a position he retained until he abandoned bricklaying for radical politics in 1865; elected to the executive of the London Trades Council, 1861, becoming secretary and serving in that position until July 1862 when ill health and Coulson's enmity forced him to resign; whilst serving as secretary, he came into regular contact with the General Neapolitan Society of Working Men, affirming the solidarity of the London Trades Council with Italian nationalists; became a member of the National League for the Independence of Poland in 1863, the Garibaldi Reception Committee in 1864, and the International Working Men's Association from 1864 to 1869; between 1865 and 1869, served as secretary of the Reform League, the first national organization to mobilize urban artisans for franchise reform since the Chartist campaign. During the 1868 general election he administered a special fund to mobilize new working-class voters on behalf of Liberal candidates in marginal constituencies. In 1869 he launched an abortive Liberal Registration and Election Agency with funds provided mainly by Samuel Morley and James Stansfeld and he was closely involved with the futile effort of the Labour Representation League to devise an arrangement whereby Liberals would endorse working-class candidates in selected boroughs in return for league support for official Liberals elsewhere; between 1868 and 1874 Walter Morrison hired him as paid secretary of the Representative Reform Association, which advocated proportional representation; he was also paid secretary of the Plimsoll and Seamen's Fund Committee from 1873 to 1875 and financial agent for the Land Tenure Reform Association. In addition he chaired the Working Men's Committee for Promoting the Separation of Church and State and served on the councils of both the National Education League and the Liberation Society. Between 1870 and 1871 Howell launched the Adelphi Permanent Building Society to provide money to enable workers to purchase homes; attended the Birmingham trades union congress as unofficial representative of the Conference of Amalgamated Trades, 1869, and emerged as secretary of the parliamentary committee of the TUC, 1871, using his office to promote the repeal of the Master and Servant Act and the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1871. After retiring from the TUC, Howell never again attained his former eminence in radical and trade union politics; served successively as secretary of London school board election committees and as parliamentary agent of the Women's Suffrage Committee but failed to obtain an appointment as a school or factory inspector. Unable to secure regular employment, he turned increasingly to writing as a source of income, contributing to the labour journal the Bee-Hive in the 1870s and publishing A Handy Book of the Labour Laws, a guide to recent legislation in 1876. He also published an interpretive study of trade unionism, The Conflicts of Capital and Labour (1878). During this time, Howell also served as London business agent for a Manchester coal merchant and, in 1881, briefly edited the labour weekly Common Good. Howell made several attempts to enter parliament, contesting Aylesbury in 1868 and 1874 and Norwich in 1871, before becoming MP for North-East Bethnal Green in 1885 which he held until 1895. While in Parliament Howell continued to rely on journalism for his livelihood, although he was also briefly employed by the National Home Reading Union. He published Trade Unionism New and Old in 1891 and, after 1895, he withdrew entirely from political life, devoting himself to writing. His biography of Ernest Jones, serialized in the Newcastle Weekly Chronicle in 1898, never appeared in book form. His final work, Labour Legislation, Labour Movements and Labour Leaders, was published in 1902; died 1910.
George Howell was born in Somerset and educated at Bristol before working as a bricklayer and shoemaker. He also became a Methodist lay preacher and was active in the temperance movement. After moving to London in 1854 Howell joined the Operative Bricklayers' Society and became involved in strike action for improved working conditions. He became Secretary of the London Trades Council in 1861 and Secretary of the Trades Union Congress in 1871. Howell tried several times to enter parliament before eventually serving as MP for Bethnal Green North East (1885-1895). After losing his seat he retired from public life and suffered from poor health in his last years. Howell's library of works on social and economic issues was purchased by public subscription in 1906 and given to the Bishopsgate Institute, London.
Born, 1833, Wrington; due to financial reversals and a ruinous lawsuit against a defaulting contractor, the Howell family to was reduced to penury and as a result Howell's formal education was both sporadic and rudimentary, ending before he was twelve; at the age of eight he began working as a ploughboy, later moving to assist his father as a mortar boy and, in 1847, he became apprenticed to a Wrington shoemaker; largely self-taught, he was to become a voracious reader, notably of religious tracts and radical periodicals. After enrolling in a local Chartist group in 1848, he underwent conversion to Wesleyan Methodism and taught at Sunday school.
At the end of his apprenticeship in 1851, Howell moved first to Weston-super-Mare and then to Bristol, finding employment as a shoemaker and becoming involved in a Methodist improvement society and the local YMCA. In 1853, Howell was forced to return to the building trade, due to the move of his parents back to Bristol, although as a bricklayer rather than a mason; moved to London, 1855, and rose to the position of deputy foreman and began to become involved in politics spurred by acquaintance with former Chartists and political exiles, including Mazzini, Kossuth, and Marx.
Following the nine-hours dispute in the building trades (1859-1862), Howell joined the London order of the Operative Bricklayers' Society where he came into contact with the other London trade unionists including William Allan, Robert Applegarth, Edwin Coulson, George Odger, and George Potter; through his involvement with the bricklayers' strike committee, Howell played a major part in the reorganization of the union on amalgamated principles and launched the Operative Bricklayers' Society Trade Circular in 1861; following leadership disputes with Edwin Coulson, ending with his resignation from the London order, and blacklisting by London builders, Howell moved to Surrey, where he found employment as a foreman with a former employer, a position he retained until he abandoned bricklaying for radical politics in 1865.
In May 1861, Howell was elected to the executive of the London Trades Council, promptly becoming secretary and serving in that position until July 1862 when ill health and Coulson's enmity forced him to resign; whilst serving as secretary, Howell came into regular contact of the General Neapolitan Society of Working Men, affirming the solidarity of the London Trades Council with Italian nationalists; became a member of the National League for the Independence of Poland in 1863, the Garibaldi Reception Committee in 1864, and the International Working Men's Association from 1864 to 1869; between 1865 and 1869, served as secretary of the Reform League, the first national organization to mobilize urban artisans for franchise reform since the Chartist campaign. During the 1868 general election he administered a special fund to mobilize new working-class voters on behalf of Liberal candidates in marginal constituencies.
In 1869 he launched an abortive Liberal Registration and Election Agency with funds provided mainly by Samuel Morley and James Stansfeld and he was closely involved with the futile effort of the Labour Representation League to devise an arrangement whereby Liberals would endorse working-class candidates in selected boroughs in return for league support for official Liberals elsewhere; between 1868 and 1874 Walter Morrison hired him as paid secretary of the Representative Reform Association, which advocated proportional representation; he was also paid secretary of the Plimsoll and Seamen's Fund Committee from 1873 to 1875 and financial agent for the Land Tenure Reform Association. In addition he chaired the Working Men's Committee for Promoting the Separation of Church and State and served on the councils of both the National Education League and the Liberation Society. Between 1870 and 1871 Howell launched the Adelphi Permanent Building Society to provide money to enable workers to purchase homes. In 1869, Howell attended the Birmingham trades union congress as unofficial representative of the Conference of Amalgamated Trades and, in 1871, emerged as secretary of the parliamentary committee of the TUC, using his office to promote the repeal of the Master and Servant Act and the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1871.
After retiring from the TUC, Howell never again attained his former eminence in radical and trade union politics; served successively as secretary of London school board election committees and as parliamentary agent of the Women's Suffrage Committee but failed to obtain an appointment as a school or factory inspector. Unable to secure regular employment, he turned increasingly to writing as a source of income, contributing to the labour journal the Bee-Hive in the 1870s and publishing A Handy Book of the Labour Laws, a guide to recent legislation in 1876. He also published an interpretive study of trade unionism, The Conflicts of Capital and Labour (1878). During this time, Howell also served as London business agent for a Manchester coal merchant and, in 1881, briefly edited the labour weekly Common Good. Howell made several attempts to enter parliament, contesting Aylesbury in 1868 and 1874 and Norwich in 1871, before becoming MP for North-East Bethnal Green in 1885 which he held until 1895. While in parliament Howell continued to rely on journalism for his livelihood, although he was also briefly employed by the National Home Reading Union. He published Trade Unionism New and Old in 1891 and, after 1895, he withdrew entirely from political life, devoting himself to writing. His biography of Ernest Jones, serialized in the Newcastle Weekly Chronicle in 1898, never appeared in book form. His final work, Labour Legislation, Labour Movements and Labour Leaders, was published in 1902, Howell died (of Bright's disease and cardiac failure) on 16 September 1910.
Curzon-Howe entered the Navy in 1863. From 1868 to 1871 he went round the world in the frigate GALATEA. He was made lieutenant in 1872 while serving in the HERCULES. It was not until 1888 that he was on active service again, when he was promoted to captain and appointed to the BOADICEA, which became the flagship of Sir Edmund Fremantle on the East Indies Station. Here, as Flag-Captain and Chief of Staff, Curzon-Howe took part in the operations against the Sultanate of Vitu. In the CLEOPATRA, in 1892, he spent a period as Senior Officer, Newfoundland, reporting on the fishing question. In 1894 he was called south to Bluefields to protect the Mosquito Indians, whose reservation had been invaded by the Nicaraguans. He subsequently returned to Newfoundland and remained there until 1895, when he went to the Mediterranean in the REVENGE, staying on the Station until 1900. In 1901 he was promoted to rear-admiral and became second-in-command of the Channel Fleet in the MAGNIFICENT until, in 1903, he went out to the East in the ALBION to become second-in-command of the China Fleet. Curzon-Howe returned to the Channel in 1905 and in 1907 was given command of the Atlantic Fleet. From 1908 to 1910 he was Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, and then Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth, until his death.
Howe entered the Navy in 1740, was made a lieutenant in 1744 and a captain in 1746. After service on the Guinea coast, the West Indies, the Mediterranean and on the North American Station, he served in the Channel during the Seven Years War. He was elected Member of Parliament for Dartmouth in 1757, and succeeded his brother to the Irish peerage in the following year. He held his parliamentary seat until raised to the British peerage in 1782. In 1763 he was a Lord of the Admiralty and from 1765 to 1770 was Treasurer of the Navy. He was promoted to rear-admiral in 1770 and to vice-admiral in 1775. He was then appointed Commander-in-Chief, North America, but came home in 1778 and did not serve again until 1782. Howe became First Lord of the Admiralty in 1783, which position, apart from the period between April and December 1783, he held until 1788. He was created Earl Howe in this year. In 1790 he took command of the Channel Fleet during the Nootka Sound mobilization as he did later at the outbreak of war in 1793. During this time Howe continued reforms in signalling. In 1794 he commanded the fleet which brought the French to action at the battle of the First of June. He finally gave up the command after a long period of ill-health, in 1797. See George Mason, The life of Richard Earl Howe (London, 1803) and Sir John Harrow, The life of Richard Earl Howe E.G. Admiral of the Fleet and General of Marines (London, 1838).
Howards and Sons Limited were manufacturers of pharmaceutical chemicals, especially quinine. Before and immediately after World War I, Howards and Sons was the only British quinine manufacturer (the trade, and especially the supply of cinchona bark used for the production of quinine, was virtually monopolised by the Dutch at that time). In December 1916, following the outbreak of the war, the company's entire production was put at the disposal of the War Office Contracts Department.
On 3 September 1918 David Howard, the company's director and Chairman of the Association of Quinine Manufacturers in Allied Countries, was one of the signatories of an agreement between the allied governments of the UK, India, France, Italy and the USA on one hand and the Dutch manufacturers on the other, which secured a supply of quinine and cinchona bark for the Allied nations.
After the war, on 29 May 1919, Howards and Sons became a member of the newly-formed British Quinine Corporation and continued to trade all over the world.
The firm of Howards and Sons, noted as manufacturers of pharmaceutical chemicals, especially quinine and aspirin had its origin in the partnership entered into by Luke Howard and William Allen in 1798 (ACC/1037/1). Many printed works give the date as 1797 and it may be that the two men began working together after the dissolution of Allen's partnership with Samuel Mildred but before the formal deed of partnership was signed. Allen and Howard had their pharmacy at Plough Court, Lombard Street, City of London, under the management of Allen, and a laboratory at Plaistow, directed by Luke Howard, with the assistance of Joseph Jewell. The laboratory moved from Plaistow to Stratford around 1805, and on the dissolution of the partnership in 1807 (ACC/1037/2) Luke Howard and Joseph Jewell continued their manufacturing activity there. After a series of name changes reflecting the changes of partners (for which see ACC/1037/801/20/1) the style of Howards & Sons was adopted in 1856 (see ACC/1037/17) and used continuously from then on. The firm became a limited company in 1903. It was purchased by Laporte in March 1961.
Stratford remained the company's headquarters until 1898, when land was purchased in Ilford and new premises were gradually constructed. The first transfer there was of the work done at Hopkin and Williams' works in Wandsworth and other processes followed as buildings were erected until the final move to Ilford was made in 1923. The firm of Hopkin and Williams, manufacturers of fine laboratory and photographic chemicals had been purchased in May 1888 (for which see ACC/1037/92). They had offices and warehouses in Cross Street, Hatton Garden, and a manufactory in Wandsworth. In 1906 Howards set up the British Camphor Corporation for the synthesis of camphor from turpentine by Behal's process and the factory was built at Ilford (ACC/1037/743-753). Changes in world prices for raw materials and other factors led to the company going into liquidation in 1909. In the meantime Edmund White, general manager of Hopkin and Williams, had been working on the development of thorium and in 1914 a separate company, Thorium Ltd., was established to process the raw materials (ACC/1037/730-731). In 1915 Hopkin and Williams (Travancore) Ltd. was set up to mine monazite sand at a site in Travancore to secure supplies of the raw material to Thorium Ltd. (ACC/1037/732-735). A later successful development overseas was the purchase of the Sadarehe planatation in Java which was intended to secure supplies of cinchona bark for the production of quinine. Another company, James Anthony and Co. Ltd. (ACC/1037/790) was set up to run it, which it did until the planation was seized by the Japanese in 1943. War-time and post-war conditions made it impossible to revive production. In contrast the purchase of the Agatash plantation in British Guiana to grow limes for citric acid (ACC/1037/739-740) was a short-lived and unsuccessful venture.
The company had a long history of uninterrupted production and its products developed and changed over the years in large measure as the result of experimental work done by members of the Howard family and by their employees. It began by producing fine chemicals, many for the pharmaceutical industry, and by the 1830's Howard and Jewell's work on quinine was beginning to expand. For most of the remainder of the nineteenth century quinine production was the greatest profitable enterprise of the company (for which see ACC/1037/316-364 and especially B.F. Howard's treatise "Howards 1847-1947"). After the First World War it became clear, despite the success of Howards' Aspirin, that the company no longer led the market in chemicals for pharmacy, and a research laboratory was set up in 1919 to explore new fields. This resulted in the development of Howards' solvents and technical chemicals which became the mainstay of the company.
The firm of Howards and Sons, noted as manufacturers of pharmaceutical chemicals, especially quinine and aspirin had its origin in the partnership entered into by Luke Howard and William Allen in 1798 (ACC/1037/1). Many printed works give the date as 1797 and it may be that the two men began working together after the dissolution of Allen's partnership with Samuel Mildred but before the formal deed of partnership was signed. Allen and Howard had their pharmacy at Plough Court, Lombard Street, City of London, under the management of Allen, and a laboratory at Plaistow, directed by Luke Howard, with the assistance of Joseph Jewell. The laboratory moved from Plaistow to Stratford around 1805, and on the dissolution of the partnership in 1807 (ACC/1037/2) Luke Howard and Joseph Jewell continued their manufacturing activity there. After a series of name changes reflecting the changes of partners (for which see ACC/1037/801/20/1) the style of Howards and Sons was adopted in 1856 (see ACC/1037/17) and used continuously from then on. The firm became a limited company in 1903. It was purchased by Laporte in March 1961.
Stratford remained the company's headquarters until 1898, when land was purchased in Ilford and new premises were gradually constructed. The first transfer there was of the work done at Hopkin and Williams' works in Wandsworth and other processes followed as buildings were erected until the final move to Ilford was made in 1923. The firm of Hopkin and Williams, manufacturers of fine laboratory and photographic chemicals had been purchased in May 1888 (for which see ACC/1037/92). They had offices and warehouses in Cross Street, Hatton Garden, and a manufactory in Wandsworth. In 1906 Howards set up the British Camphor Corporation for the synthesis of camphor from turpentine by Behal's process and the factory was built at Ilford (ACC/1037/743-753). Changes in world prices for raw materials and other factors led to the company going into liquidation in 1909. In the meantime Edmund White, general manager of Hopkin and Williams, had been working on the development of thorium and in 1914 a separate company, Thorium Ltd., was established to process the raw materials (ACC/1037/730-731). In 1915 Hopkin and Williams (Travancore) Ltd. was set up to mine monazite sand at a site in Travancore to secure supplies of the raw material to Thorium Ltd. (ACC/1037/732-735). A later successful development overseas was the purchase of the Sadarehe planatation in Java which was intended to secure supplies of cinchona bark for the production of quinine. Another company, James Anthony and Co. Ltd. (ACC/1037/790) was set up to run it, which it did until the planation was seized by the Japanese in 1943. War-time and post-war conditions made it impossible to revive production. In contrast the purchase of the Agatash plantation in British Guiana to grow limes for citric acid (ACC/1037/739-740) was a short-lived and unsuccessful venture.
The company had a long history of uninterrupted production and its products developed and changed over the years in large measure as the result of experimental work done by members of the Howard family and by their employees. It began by producing fine chemicals, many for the pharmaceutical industry, and by the 1830's Howard and Jewell's work on quinine was beginning to expand. For most of the remainder of the nineteenth century quinine production was the greatest profitable enterprise of the company (for which see ACC/1037/316-364 and especially B.F. Howard's treatise "Howards 1847-1947"). After the First World War it became clear, despite the success of Howards' Aspirin, that the company no longer led the market in chemicals for pharmacy, and a research laboratory was set up in 1919 to explore new fields. This resulted in the development of Howards' solvents and technical chemicals which became the mainstay of the company.
Volumes 1-54 formed part of the collection of Thomas Howard, 14th Earl of Arundel, 4th Earl of Surrey, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1585-1646). Art collector, politician, and patron of antiquarians and scholars. Grandson of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk (executed for treason in 1572) and son of Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel (convicted of treason in 1589, d 1595). Restored to title of Earl of Arundel in 1604. Possibly educated at Westminster School, where would have been pupil of William Camden (Clarenceux King of Arms 1597-1623), then Trinity College, Cambridge. Married Aletheia, daughter of Gilbert Talbot, seventh earl of Shrewsbury. Died in Italy in 1646. The collection was dispersed in 1678 by his grandson, Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk and Earl Marshal.
Volumes 55-64 were put in the same press in the College of Arms' Record Room but were not part of the collection donated by Thomas Howard. However, they have been bound and numbered as though they were. Since W H Black's catalogue was printed a further 6 volumes added to the press have been treated as though part of the collection (HDN 58, HDN 74, HDN 75, N.90, N.94, and a second N.61 (Historia de Hispania)).
Joseph Jackson Howard, LLD, FSA, was Maltravers Herald of Arms Extraordinary and an antiquary, who lived in Blackheath, Kent.
John Eliot Howard (1807-1883), quinologist, was born on 11 December 1807 at Plaistow, Essex, the youngest of three children of Luke Howard (1772-1864), meteorologist and chemist, and his wife, Mariabella, née Eliot (1769-1852). Both parents were members of the Society of Friends. With the exception of two years at Josiah Forster's school, Howard was educated at home. Apprenticed to his father's chemical business at Stratford in 1823, he was made a partner of the firm in 1828. In 1830 he married Maria (1807-1892), daughter of William D. Crewdson of Kendal. The couple moved into a substantial house in Tottenham, Middlesex, where they had five daughters and four sons.
As early as 1827 Howard showed interest in what would prove to be his life's work: the extraction of the anti-malaria drug quinine from the bark of the Cinchona (cinchonaceae) genus of South American tree. His first paper, a report on the collection of cinchona in the British Museum made by the Spanish botanist José Pavón (1754-1840), was published in 1852. In the following year Howard joined the Pharmaceutical Society, and in 1857 the Linnean Society. In 1858 he purchased Pavón's manuscript 'Nueva Quinologia' and his specimens of cinchona. Howard employed a botanical artist and published the well-received Illustrations of the 'Nueva Quinologia' of Pavon and Observations on the Barks Described in 1862. Howard's second major work, The Quinology of the East Indian Plantations (1869-76), was the result of his examination of the bark of all the forms of cinchona introduced into India from the Andes by Clements Markham, Richard Spruce, and Robert Mackenzie Cross. For this Howard received the thanks of her majesty's government in 1873. In 1874 his citation for election as a fellow of the Royal Society recognized the importance of his work: 'the name of Mr Howard is inseparably connected with his lifelong investigation respecting the identification and chemistry of the cinchona' (Kirkwood and Lloyd, 1).
Howard took considerable interest in gardening, and especially in hybridization as bearing upon cultivated cinchonas, and he was the author of numerous scientific papers, chiefly on quinine. He also gave addresses on both science and revelation at the Victoria Institute, of which he was a vice-president. Howard and his wife were both deeply religious and had been raised as Quakers. In 1836 they resigned from the Society of Friends and became Baptists. Howard published several religious tracts and was instrumental in establishing the Brook Street Chapel, Tottenham. He died at his house, Lord's Meade, Tottenham, on 22 November 1883, and was buried in Tottenham cemetery. The genus Howardia of the Cinchonaceae was posthumously dedicated to him.
John Howard, prison reformer and author of The State of the Prisons in England and Wales, with Preliminary Observations, and an Account of some Foreign Prisons, Sir William Blackstone, the High Court judge, and William Eden, member of Parliament and author of Principles of Penal Law, were responsible for the 1779 Penitentiary Act "to explain and amend the Laws relating to the Transportation, Imprisonment, and other Punishment of certain offenders ---" (19 Geo. III, c.74). As an alternative to transportation this provided for the building of two penitentiaries, one for males and one for females, where "solitary Imprisonment, accompanied by well regulated labour, and religious Instruction" "might be the means, under Providence, not only of deterring others from the Commission of the like Crimes, but also of reforming the Individuals, and inuring them to Habits of Industry".
The three supervisors appointed to arrange for the purchase of a site and the erection of the penitentiaries were John Howard, Dr John Fothergill, physician and botanist, and George Whatley, Treasurer of the Foundling Hospital. Despite their efforts, the supervisors failed to find a site acceptable to the Lord Chancellor, the Speaker of the House of Commons, the judges, and the Lord Mayor of London. John Fothergill died in December 1780 and John Howard shortly afterwards resigned. Three new supervisors were appointed to join George Whatley. Although they agreed on a site and on a plan for a penitentiary, no prison was ever built.
In 1784 the Government obtained a new Transportation Act. The Gilbert Acts of 1782 and 1784 allowed local justices to build houses of correction. Local Prison Acts also gave counties the powers to build new prisons. Ironically the Middlesex House of Correction was built between 1788 and 1794 at Cold Bath Fields, Clerkenwell, in the vicinity of the site originally preferred by the Penitentiary Act supervisors, close to New River Head and between Grays Inn Road and Bagnigge Wells Road.
Robert Howard was a member of an old Quaker family who set up in business as a metal and tinplate worker in London in the mid-eighteenth century. His place of business was in Old Street. He associated with A Argand, the Swiss inventor of the standard oil lamp and his son Robert spent some time in Geneva working with Argand {ACC/1270/004}. Another son of Robert Howard, Luke, married Mariabella Eliot, daughter of a wealthy Quaker, eventually bringing to the Howards most of the Eliot property.
Luke Howard was a scientist of note, making a considerable reputation for himself in meteorology {ACC/1270/053, 058, 088, 093}. Goethe was so impressed by Howard's work that he composed a poem in his honour {ACC/1270/085, 086}. Luke Howard purchased the Villa Ackworth near Pontefract, Yorkshire as a place of retirement and both he, his wife and daughter Rachel, took much practical interest in the Quaker schools of the district. He had, before moving to Ackworth, lived for a time at Tottenham, and it was there at Bruce Grove that his son Robert lived after his marriage to Rachel Lloyd, daughter of Samuel and Rachel Lloyd of Birmingham. Howard likewise took a house in the Tottenham district, Lordship Lane, to live in with his wife Maria Crewdson, daughter of William Dilworth Crewdson of Kendal.
Luke Howard inherited through his wife the west country Eliot estate at Ashmore in Dorset {ACC/1270/062, 064, 068, 070}. Throughout the letters of Mariabella Howard, there are afforded glimpses of the controversy that plagued the Society of Friends during the 1810's and 1840's. The American Society of Friends had split over the pressing to its furthest limits of the doctrine of the "inward light" to the neglect of the Scriptures and this provoked a counter-movement in England, spearheaded by Isaac Crewdson's "Beacon of Light". Many Friends left the Society and joined more orthodox evangelical churches. Mariabella Howard was no exception, formally leaving the Society in 1810 {ACC/1270/051}, her son Robert having presumably done likewise {ACC/1270/671}.
Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1935-1966.
Revd. C Wilfred Howard was rector of Elston, Nottinghamshire, to 1932 and subsequently vicar of Torpenhow, Cumberland.
Hovener and Browne were described the partnership deed of 1665 as joint traders and dealers in all manner of serges, perpetuanas, Norwich wares 'and other stuffs and wares of this kingdom' (serge and perpetuana were woollen fabrics). They had business premises at a messuage in St Swithin's Lane in the parish of St Swithin (described in the title deed of 1635).
Robert Hovenden (1830-1908) of Croydon was a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and master of the Worshipful Company of Barbers. He transcribed and compiled genealogical records and notes in the late 19th century.
Born in 1898; educated at Eton College and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into 11 Hussars, 1916; seconded to 13 Bn, Royal Tank Corps, 1917-1919; served in France, 1918; served in Egypt, 1919-1921 and India 1921-1925; Capt, 11 Hussars, 1924; ADC to Governor General and Commander-in Chief of Australia, 1929-1930; Adjutant, Cheshire Yeomanry, 1931-1935; retired, 1935; reemployed as Maj, 11 Hussars, 1939; served in Egypt, 1939-1941; Lt Col, 1941; commanded Southern Rhodesian Armoured Car Regt in East Africa, 1941-1942; retired, 1943; died in 1984.
Born, 1859; educated at Bromsgrove School, 1870-1877; passed as a scholar to St John's College Oxford, 1877; first class honours in classical moderations, 1879; MA; worked at home for the civil service examination and helped his former headmaster with teaching; Higher Division Clerk in the Patent Office, London, 1882-1892; found time for classical study and published his first paper, on Horace, 1882; became a member of the Cambridge Philological Society, 1889; Professor of Latin, University College London, 1892-1911; his publications after 1892 were largely concerned with Latin, rather than Greek, and included works on the chief Latin poets from Lucilius to Juvenal, particularly Propertius, Ovid and Manilius; first published verse in A Shropshire Lad, 1896; Professor of Latin, Cambridge University, and Fellow of Trinity College Cambridge from 1911; Honorary Fellow of St John's College Oxford, 1911; in poor health from 1932; Leslie Stephen lecturer at Cambridge, 1932; delivered a lecture on 'The Name and Nature of Poetry', 1933; refused the Order of Merit; died, 1936. Numerous publications on Housman include Laurence Housman's A E H (1937). Publications include: A Shropshire Lad (1896); Last Poems (1922); More Poems (1936) and Collected Poems (1939), published posthumously; editions of classical authors including Manilius Books I-V (1903-1930); various papers on classical subjects in the Journal of Philology, Classical Review, Proceedings and Transactions of the Cambridge Philological Society, American Journal of Philology and elsewhere.
Born, 1859; educated at Bromsgrove School, 1870-1877; passed as a scholar to St John's College Oxford, 1877; first class honours in classical moderations, 1879; MA; worked at home for the civil service examination and helped his former headmaster with teaching; Higher Division Clerk in the Patent Office, London, 1882-1892; found time for classical study and published his first paper, on Horace, 1882; became a member of the Cambridge Philological Society, 1889; Professor of Latin, University College London, 1892-1911; his publications after 1892 were largely concerned with Latin, rather than Greek, and included works on the chief Latin poets from Lucilius to Juvenal, particularly Propertius, Ovid and Manilius; first published verse in A Shropshire Lad, 1896; Professor of Latin, Cambridge University, and Fellow of Trinity College Cambridge from 1911; Honorary Fellow of St John's College Oxford, 1911; in poor health from 1932; Leslie Stephen lecturer at Cambridge, 1932; delivered a lecture on 'The Name and Nature of Poetry', 1933; refused the Order of Merit; died, 1936. Numerous publications on Housman include Laurence Housman's A E H (1937). Publications include: A Shropshire Lad (1896); Last Poems (1922); More Poems (1936) and Collected Poems (1939), published posthumously; editions of classical authors including Manilius Books I-V (1903-1930); various papers on classical subjects in the Journal of Philology, Classical Review, Proceedings and Transactions of the Cambridge Philological Society, American Journal of Philology and elsewhere.