Until 1945 Hornchurch was part of the Romford parliamentary constituency. The party for the Hornchurch Urban District Council area was the Hornchurch Central Labour Party, which sent delegates to the Romford Divisional Labour Party. In 1945 Romford was split into the Barking, Dagenham, Romford and Hornchurch parliamentary constituencies, and on 15 March 1945, Hornchurch Divisional Labour Party was formed. Hornchurch Constituency Labour Party is an alternative title for this body. As a result of the redistribution of parliamentary boundaries in 1969, the Hornchurch Constituency Labour Party ceased to exist in March 1971. Its successor was the Havering-Hornchurch Constituency Labour Party.
Son of Admiral R.S. Phipps Hornby (q.v.), W.M. Phipps Hornby entered the Navy in 1909. After his time at the Royal Naval Colleges at Osborne and Dartmouth and in the training ship Cumberland, he was appointed midshipman in 1914 in the Hampshire, moving to the Warspite in 1915. He was promoted to sub-lieutenant in 1916, joined the Ramillies in 1917, was promoted to lieutenant in 1918, to lieutenant-commander in 1925 and retired in 1932
Hornby entered the Navy in 1797, was promoted to lieutenant in 1804 and to captain in 1810. He was in command of the VOLAGE in the Mediterranean, 1810 to 1811, and took part in the action off Lissa in March 1811. From 1812 to 1814 he commanded the STAG at the Cape of Good Hope and from 1814 to 1816 the SPARTAN in the Mediterranean. Between 1816 and 1832 he was on ashore on half-pay. He then held several posts ashore until his promotion to rear-admiral in 1846. From 1847 to 1850 he was Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Station. On his return he served briefly as a Lord of the Admiralty. He became a vice-admiral in 1854 and an admiral in 1858.
Geoffrey Phipps Hornby, son of Sir Phipps Hornby, entered the Navy in 1837 and became a lieutenant in 1844. In 1852 he was promoted to captain but remained on half-pay until 1858, after which he commanded the TRIBUNE, China, 1858 to 1860, NEPTUNE, flagship, Mediterranean, 1861 to 1862, and EDGAR, flagship, Channel, 1863 to 1865. In 1865 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief on the west coast of Africa. He was promoted to rear-admiral in 1869 and commanded the Flying Squadron in the LIVERPOOL on its voyage round the world, 1869 to 1871, and then the Channel Squadron from 1871 to 1874. Hornby was one of the Lords of the Admiralty from 1875 to 1877. He was promoted to vice-admiral in 1875. From 1877 to 1880 he was Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean. He played an important part in the Balkan crisis of 1878, for which he was knighted and was promoted to admiral in 1879. He was President of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, 1881 to 1882, and Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth, 1882 to 1885. In 1885 he commanded an Evolutionary Squadron and became Admiral of the Fleet in 1888. See Mrs Frederick Egerton, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Geoffrey Phipps Hornby, G.C.B., a biography (London, 1896).
See sub-fonds level descriptions for individual biographies.
R.S. Phipps Hornby, son of Sir Geoffrey Phipps Hornby, entered the Navy in 1879. He became a lieutenant in 1886. From 1901 to 1903 he commanded the PYLADES on the Australian Station and was promoted to captain in 1903. While commanding the DIANA in the Mediterranean, 1904 to 1906, he was involved in the Akbar boundary dispute. After commanding the GLORY in home waters from 1907 to 1908, he was appointed Captain of the Vernon (the naval torpedo school) where he remained until 1911. He then commanded the SWIFTSURE, INFLEXIBLE and MONARCH before being promoted to rear-admiral in 1913. Re was Commander-in-Chief, North America and West Indies Station, 1914 to 1915, when he went in the GLORY to reinforce the Allied Fleet at the Dardanelles. He was invalided during this voyage for the rest of the war and was engaged in torpedo work. He was involved between 1917 and 1920 in the work of several Admiralty committees, including the Submarine Committee, the Armament Personnel Committee and the Post-War Reconstruction Committee. He was promoted to admiral in 1922 on the retired list.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Horfield Health Centre is in Bristol.
Born 7 January 1871, the son of Albert Horder, of Shaftesbury. He was educated privately, and at the University of London and St Bartholomew's Hospital, London.
Horder served as Captain (temp. Major) Royal Army Medical Corps; Adviser to Minister of Food and President of Food Education Society; Chairman of Committee advising Ministry of Labour and National Service on medical questions connected with Recruiting; Chairman of Shelter Hygiene Committee of Ministry of Home Security and Ministry of Health; Hon. Consulting Physician to Ministry of Pensions; Consulting Physician Cancer Hospital, Fulham; President, Harveian Society of London; Chairman of British Empire Cancer Campaign and Chairman Advisory Scientific Committee; Chairman of Advisory Committee, Mount Vernon Hospital; President of Fellowship of Medicine; Consulting Physician to the Royal Orthopædic Hospital, to the Royal Northern Hospital and to the Hospitals of Bury St Edmunds, Swindon, Bishop's Stortford, Leatherhead, Beckenham and Finchley. He was also a member of numerous associations and committees.
He was awarded GCVO, 1938; (KCVO, 1925); Kt, 1918; MD; BSc; Hon. DCL (Dunelm.); Hon. MD (Melbourne and Adelaide); FRCP. In 1923 he was created Thomas Jeeves Horder, Baronet of Shaston; in 1933 created, 1st Baron Horder, of Ashford in the County of Southampton.
He also held the positions of Deputy Lieutenant County of Hampshire; Extra Physician to the Queen (formerly Extra Physician to King George VI); and Consulting Physician to St Bartholomew's Hospital.
In 1902 Horder married Geraldine Rose Doggett (died 1954), of Newnham Manor, Hertfordshire. He died 13 August 1955.
Publications
Clinical Pathology in Practice; with a short account of Vaccine-Therapy, Oxford Medical Publications. 1907; Cerebro-spinal Fever, Oxford War Primers 1915; Medical Notes, London, 1921; A Preliminary Communication concerning the "Electronic Reactions" of Abrams with special reference to the "Emanometer" Technique of Boyd. Read before ... the Sections of Medicine and Electro-Therapeutics of the Royal Society of Medicine by Sir T. Horder on behalf of M. D. Hart, C. B. Heald, etc. J. Bale & Co, London, 1925; with A E Gow, The Essentials of Medical Diagnosis, Cassell & Co, London, 1928; Obscurantism, Watts & Co, London, 1938; Health & a Day. Addresses, J. M. Dent & Sons: London, 1937; Rheumatism. Notes on its causes, its incidence and its prevention; with a plan for national action in collaboration with the Empire Rheumatism Council, H. K. Lewis & Co, London, [1941]; Fifty Years of Medicine. [An expanded version of three Harben lectures delivered at the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene, 1952.], Gerald Duckworth & Co, London, 1953; with Sir Charles Dodds and T Moran, Bread. The chemistry and nutrition of flour and bread, with an introduction to their history and technology, Constable, London, 1954.
Horder qualified MB 1898, MD 1899. After holding house appointments at St Bartholomew's Hospital and the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, he was appointed to the honorary staff of the Great Northern Hospital in 1900 and the Cancer Hospital, Fulham, in 1906. In 1912 he became a consultant at St Bartholomew's and remained there until his retirement in 1936 (Senior Physician 1933-1936). He was attached in a consulting capacity to the Royal Northern Hospital, the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, the Royal Cancer Hospital and several hospitals outside London. During the First World War he was Captain, RAMC, attached to 1st London General Hospital. He was knighted in 1918 and made a baronet in 1926 and a baron in 1933.
He was appointed honorary consultant to the Ministry of Pensions in 1939 and medical advisor to London Transport in 1940 and to Lord Woolton at the Ministry of Food in 1941. He was president of the Eugenics Society from 1935 until his death, chairman of the Empire Rheumatism Council 1936-1953, and chairman of the scientific advisory committee of the British Empire Cancer Campaign (BECC) and later of its grand council, as well as being involved in many other bodies as diverse as the Family Planning Association (FPA) and the Noise Abatement Society. Further details can be found in obituaries and appreciations in file GP/31/A.3, and in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Born 1896; educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, the City School, Lincoln, and Loughborough College; served in World War One, 1914-1918; service on Western Front with Corps of Royal Engineers, 1915-1918; Associate Member, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1924; Civil and Mechanical Engineer, ICI Limited, 1925-1939; Officer Commanding 107 Company, Corps of Royal Engineers (Reserve), Territorial Army, 1931-1935; Fellow, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1933; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Assistant Director of Works, General Headquarters, BEF (British Expeditionary Force), France, 1939-1940; awarded OBE, 1940; Deputy Chief Engineer, Home Forces, 1940-1941, and Western Command, 1941; Deputy Controller, Military Works Services, War Office, 1941-1943; Director of Fortifications and Works, War Office, 1943-1945; Assistant Secretary, ICI Limited, 1945-1958; awarded CBE, 1946; Member, Central Advisory Water Committee, Ministry of Housing and Local Government, 1951-1969; Member of the Bowes Committee, Committee of Inquiry into Inland Waterways, 1956-1958; Hon Secretary and Vice President, Royal Institution, 1960-1968; Vice Chairman, Isle of Wight River and Water Authority, 1964-1973; Vice President, Round Tables on Pollution, 1965-1973; Member of Council, Solent Protection Society, 1975-1985; UK Representative to Council of European Industrial Federations; Hon Life Member, Solent Protection Society; died 1992.
The Ebers Papyrus was named after its owner, Georg Moritz Ebers (1837-1898) and comprises an ancient Egyptian text on medicine. A translation from ancient Egyptian into German was published by Dr. Heinrich Joachim in 1890. These papers comprise a translation of Joachim's work into English by Dr. Arthur F. Hopkirk.
June M Hopkins raised several orphaned duikers and other animals for the Zoo of the University of Ibadan.
John Hope was Professor of Botany at Edinburgh University in 1761. He had obtained his MD at Glasgow in 1750, and was later elected FRS.
Hope entered the Navy in 1811. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1817 and to commander in 1822 and commanded the BRISK, Nore, 1824 to 1826. He was promoted to captain in 1826. Between 1830 and 1834 he commanded the TYNE, South America. From January to July 1835 he commanded the DUBLIN, fitting out at Plymouth. Between 1841 and 1845 he was Senior Officer at Chusan during the First China War. He was made Superintendant of Sheerness Dockyard and captain of the MONARCH, guardship of the ordinary at Sheerness, 1851 to 1854. He was promoted to Rear Admiral and died in 1854.
Lt William Harvey Hooper was ship's purser on HMS ALEXANDER, HMS HECLA and HMS FURY, 1818-1825. He died, 1833.
Robert Hooper was MA and MB of Pembroke College, Oxford in 1804, and MD at St. Andrews, Aberdeen in 1803. He practised in Savile Row, London, and was the compiler of a Medical Dictionary first published in 1798 which ran into many editions.
In the late 18th century, John Hooper attended comparative anatomy lectures by Henry Cline (1750-1827); midwifery lectures by William Lowder (fl 1778-1801); and clinical lectures by William Saunders (1743-1817).
Unknown
Born in Manchester, England, 1798; educated at Manchester grammar school, 1809-1813; assisted in his father's shoemaking business; following private study, became a probationer for the Wesleyan ministry, 1818; appointed by the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society (WMMS), 1819; lost his possessions in a shipwreck on the way to Madras, India; arrived, 1820; a pioneer missionary in the area, serving at Bangalore, Negapatam, Madras, and Seringapatam; elected a member of the committee for revising the Tamil version of the Bible, 1822; his Tamil translations included a hymnbook, 1825; left India owing to ill-health, 1828; returned to England, 1829; employed at Missionary House, London, 1829-1830; superintendent of schools in Ireland, 1830-1834; returned to London, 1834; Assistant Secretary of the WMMS, 1834-1836; married Elizabeth (d 1880), daughter of the lockmaker Charles Chubb, 1835; WMMS General Secretary, 1836-1872; Honorary Secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jews and of the Home for Asiatics, London; Doctor of Divinity; died, 1872. Publications include: Personal Narrative of a Mission to the South of India, from 1820 to 1828 (1829); Madras, Mysore, and the South of India: or, a personal narrative of a mission to those countries from 1820 to 1828 (2nd edition, 1844); Dureisani-Tamil-Puttagam: the Lady's Tamil Book; containing the Morning and Evening Services, and other portions of the Book of Common Prayer, in ... Tamil ... with an Anglo-Tamil grammar and vocabulary (1859); introduced E J Robinson's Tamil Wisdom: traditions concerning Hindu sages, and selections from their writings (1873); contributed articles to the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society and London Quarterly Review.
Created by Robert Hooke as copies of papers read to the Society.
Born, 1635; Education: Pupil of Samuel Cooper and Sir Peter Lely; Westminster School; Christ Church, Oxford; MA (1663); MD (Lambeth 1691); Career: Assisted Thomas Willis and Robert Boyle with their experiments; invented the pendulum watch; Curator of Experiments at the Royal Society (1662); Professor of Geometry at Gresham College, London (1664); Cutlerian Lecturer (1664); Philosophical assistant to John Wilkins and William Petty at Durdans, Epsom, Surrey (1665); City Surveyor for London (1667); Doctor of Physic at Doctors' Commons (1691); died in penury, his salary (of several thousand pounds) as City Surveyor being found in an iron chest after his death; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1663; Curator of Experiments, 1662-1688; Secretary of the Royal Society, 1677-1682; 1677-1681; 1684; 1686; 1689-1690; 1692-1695; 1697-1699; died, 1703.
Samuel Hood, younger brother of Captain Alexander Hood, entered the Navy in 1776 and was promoted to lieutenant in 1780. For most of the American War he served in the West Indies and afterwards was employed in North America. He was promoted to captain in 1788. In 1793 he went in the JUNO to the Mediterranean where he was present at the occupation of Toulon. In 1798 he commanded the ZEALOUS, and after the battle of the Nile was left by Nelson to command the force blockading the French army in Egypt. The next year he was at the defence of Salerno and in 1800 in the Atlantic in the COURAGEUX. In 1801 he was again in the Mediterranean, and during the peace was sent out as a Commissioner for the government of Trinidad. On the death of the Commander-in-Chief, Leeward Islands, he succeeded to the position in the CONTOUR. Returning to England in 1805, he served in the Channel and lost an arm in a successful squadron action off Rochefort. From 1806 to 1807 he was Member of Parliament for Westminster and from 1807 to 1812 for Bridport. He was promoted to rear-admiral in 1807, and in the same year was at Copenhagen, still in the CONTOUR; he was then second-in-command to Admiral Saumarez (1757-1836) in the Baltic when he played an important part in assisting the Swedes against the Russians. He next covered the re-embarkation of the army at Corunna in 1809, after which he returned to the Mediterranean. He was appointed vice-admiral and Commander-in-Chief, East Indies, in 1811, and after a comparatively uneventful command died of fever in Madras.
Samuel Hood, first Viscount Hood (1724-1816), was a successful naval officer, trusted to train Prince William in his Naval career, and a patron of Horatio Nelson. In 1784, as a popular admiral, he was nominated for the Westminster Parliamentary seat, opposing Charles James Fox. The election was marked by violence and fraud, and Hood described it as 'the most arduous and unpleasant business I ever took in hand' (Rutland MSS, 3.134, quoted in DNB entry cited below). Hood won the election and held the seat until 1796, but disliked Parliament and found London expensive. From 1788 to 1795, he served on the Admiralty board. When war was declared in February 1793 he was appointed commander-in-chief in the Mediterranean.
Source of information: Daniel A. Baugh Michael Duffy, 'Hood, Samuel, first Viscount Hood (1724-1816)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009.
The Royal Aquarium was opened in 1876 for entertainments. The main hall held palm trees, sculptures, tanks of sea creatures and an orchestra. There were also rooms for reading, smoking, and eating; an art gallery; a skating rink; and a theatre. It was hoped that an intellectual clientele would be attracted to the Aquarium, but they did not materialise, and instead it was given over to 'music hall' type entertainments including acrobats and female swimmers performing aquatic feats in the tanks. In 1903 the site was sold and the buildings demolished.
Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
Samuel Hood, elder brother of Viscount Bridport (q.v.) entered the Navy in 1741 and was made a lieutenant in 1746. His first command was in the Mediterranean in 1754. In 1757 he was at the blockade of Brest and was successful in a noteworthy single-ship action. Between 1760 and 1763 he served in the Mediterranean. He was employed during the peace and in 1767 was appointed Commander-in-Chief, North America, in the ROMNEY. From 1771 to 1776 he commanded the ROYAL WILLIAM, guardship at Portsmouth, and in 1778 was appointed Resident Commissioner at Portsmouth Dockyard. In the following year he was created a baronet and in 1780 promoted to rear-admiral, when he went in the BARFLEUR, with reinforcements to Rodney in the West Indies. Here he too part in the taking of St. Eustatius and the manoeuvering off Martinique. When Rodney sailed for England, Hood went to North America to reinforce Admiral Graves (q.v.) and commanded the rear squadron at the battle of Chesapeake in 1781. Early in 1782 Hood worsted De Grasse at Frigate Bay at St. Kitts, and soon afterwards took an important part in the battle of the Saints, the Ville de Paris surrendering to the BARFLEUR. As a result in 1782 Hood was raised to the Irish Peerage and was Member of Parliament for Westminster, 1785 to 1788 and 1790 to 1796 and for Reigate, 1789 to 1790. Between 1787 and 1788 he was Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth, having been promoted to vice-admiral, and from 1788 to 1795 he served at the Board of Admiralty. At the beginning of the Revolutionary Wars, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, where he commanded the forces which took Toulon In August 1793. However, he had to withdraw to Corsica in December. In late 1794 he returned to England. He was promoted to admiral and in 1796 was appointed Governor of Greenwich Hospital, which post he held until his death. He was raised to the British peerage in 1796. See David Hanoi ed. , 'Letters of Lord Hood, 1781-82' (Navy Records Society, 1895).
Dr Basil Hood, MRCS, LRCP, was the Medical Superintendent of the St Marylebone Infirmary, later St Charles' Hospital, from 1910 to 1941. Few further details of his career may be found in the Medical Directory.
Alexander Hood, elder brother of Sir Samuel Hood and cousin of Viscount Bridport and Viscount Hood, entered the Navy in 1767. In 1772 he joined the RESOLUTION for Cook's second voyage. He became a lieutenant in 1777 and a commander in 1781. In the same year be was made Flag-Captain to Rear-Admiral Samuel (later Viscount) Hood in the BARFLEUR in the West Indies, and was later given command of the AIMABLE, a French prize, which he took to England in 1783. In 1793 he commanded the HEBE and in 1794 the AUDACIOUS but was compelled in the same year to retire from active service through ill-health until 1797. In this year he was appointed to the MARS and was put ashore at the mutiny at Spithead. He was killed soon afterwards in action.
See sub-fonds level descriptions for individual biographies.
Alexander Hood, younger brother of Samuel, Viscount Hood, entered the Navy in 1741 and was made lieutenant in 1746. During the Seven Year War he served in the Mediterranean and under Hawke in the Channel. He was made captain in 1756 and, after further service in the Channel and in the Mediterranean, was promoted to rear-admiral in 1780. From 1784 to 1790 he was a Member of Parliament for Bridgwater, after which he sat for Buckingham until 1796. In 1787 he was promoted to vice-admiral and in 1794 to admiral. In that year he was appointed second-in-command of the Channel Fleet, under Lord Howe, and took part in the battle of the First of June, after which he was given an Irish peerage. In the following year when Howe was ashore because of ill-health, he won a partial victory over the French Fleet. For this action, he was raised to the peerage of Great Britain. When Howe finally retired in 1797, Hood was made Commander-in-Chief of the Channel Fleet. In 1800 he was relieved by St. Vincent and accepted no further active command. He was created a viscount in the same year.
This appears to have been a select betting club, new members referred to as 'nephews', being elected on the nomination of existing members. Officers of the Board included a President, Serjeant, Champion, Bellringer, Secretary and Steward. The meeting place from 13 March 1734/5 to 16 June 1737 was Cary's, Golden Square, and from 26 June 1737 to 12 February 1740/1, at the Fountain in the Strand. Bets were laid on any subject of topical or personal interest and were often concerned with parliamentary business; the stakes appear to have been in claret or other wine rather than money.
Corporate body
·
Since 1611 (traditionally since 1537)
The Honourable Artillery Company is the oldest regiment in the British Army, traditionally dating back to 1537 during the reign of Henry VIII. Throughout our history we have had strong connections with the City of London and have also played our part in the South African War (1899-1902) and the two World Wars, as well as more recent conflicts. We have an interesting history and a range of traditions, as well as important collections of archives and artefacts.
Hong Kong Tin Limited was registered in 1927 in England to acquire mines or rubber interests anywhere in the world, but it carried out tin ore mining in Selangor, West Malaysia. Harrisons and Crosfield and Harrisons Malaysian Plantations Berhad (CLC/B/112-080) acted as agents and secretaries until 1983. In 1982 the company was re-registered as a PLC (public limited company).
In 1984/5 Hong Kong Tin PLC became a subsidiary of Hong Kong Tin Corporation (Malaysia) Berhad (a Malaysian registered public investment holding and management company), which was known as YTL Corporation Berhad from 1988. From 1985 Hong Kong Tin's mining activities were dormant and it acted only as a management consultancy.
Hong Kong (Selangor) Rubber Limited was registered in 1912 to purchase property in Selangor, Malaya, known as the Hong Kong (Selangor) estate. Some areas of its estates were sub-leased to Hong Kong Tin Limited (CLC/B/112-086). Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112) replaced Bright and Galbraith as agents and secretaries of the company in 1952. Harrisons and Crosfield (Malaya) Limited (CLC/B/112-071) acted as local agents from 1953. In 1982 it became a p.l.c. (public limited company). It went into voluntary liquidation in 1983.
The College of Medicine for Chinese was set up in Hong Kong on the initiative of James Cantlie (1851-1926) and Patrick Manson (1844-1922) during the 1880s, and developed into the medical school of the Hong Kong University. Sun Yat Sen (1860-1925), later first President of the Chinese Republic, was one of its first pupils.
This correspondence regarding the history of the Jewish community in Tarnobrzeg, Poland stems from a dispute in which Michael Honey, a descendant of a family from the said community took exception to an article written by Tadeusz Zych, chairman of the Tarnobrzeg Historical Society, which the former regards as anti-Semitic.
William Hone, a radical publisher, was made famous by the blasphemy trials of 1817 at which he was acquited. He often worked with the caricaturist, George Cruikshank, with whom he collaborated in a campaign to improve the condition of lunatic asylums. Hone began publishing the Reformists Register in 1817 and published parodies, which prompted his trial. Later in his life, he became an antiquarian publisher. Hone died in 1842.
On July 28 1944 at 9.41am Lewisham street market was hit by a V1 flying bomb that demolished 20 shops, damaged 30 more, killed 51 people and injured 313.
On the morning of Saturday 25 November 1944 at 12.25 pm a V2 rocket landed on Woolworth's store in New Cross Road at Deptford. At the time of impact the store was crowded with schoolchildren and housewives, and the casualties were therefore very high: 160 killed, 77 seriously and 122 slightly injured. In all, Deptford was to suffer nine V2s, far less than other localities, but five of these caused "major incidents" resulting in a death toll of 297 with a further 328 seriously injured; more than other London borough.
Source: Imperial War Museum (http://london.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/4/dday/pdfs/VWeaponsCampaign.pdf)
Upon the formation of units of Local Defence Volunteers (later re-named the Home Guard) in May, 1940, it was considered desirable to recruit volunteers from the Council's staff primarily to provide protection for the Council's buildings and other properties in the event of invasion but also as part of the general L.D.V. organisation throughout the country. In this way, the London County Council Battalion was set up.
In February 1941, a second battalion was formed and the two units were designated the 47th and 48th County of London (LCC) Battalions. Colonel H.R. Oswald, M.C., an Assistant Clerk of the Council was the officer commanding the Battalion and later the Group of two Battalions throughout the entire period of their existence.
The Home Guard was first raised in May, 1940, on a semi-civilian basis in close association with the Police force, and was originally known as the Local Defence Volunteers. It was organized in companies, grouped in zones, corresponding to the Police districts, and In Middlesex there were four zones. In July, 1940, companies were organized in battalions, and after August, 1940; this semi-civilian force became known as the Home Guard. The following January, officers were given commissions and proper military status, and the force was brought under direct military control. In 1942, service in the Home Guard became compulsory. Early in 1943, zones were renamed Sectors. In the County of Middlesex there were 33 battalions, with a flotilla on the River Thames.
The operational, and recruiting area for the 1st (Middlesex) Home Guard, appears to have been within an area comparable with the Metropolitan Police Zone (Division) "T", including Heston and Isleworth; Staines; Ashford; Laleham; Harlington; Stanwell; Yiewsley and West Drayton; Hounslow; Whitton; Osterley; Cranford; Feltham; Bedfont; Hayes.
(Condensed from The Story of Middlesex, New Wartime Series, Vol. I, Number 2 - 1943, pp.59-61).
The Home Guard was first raised in May, 1940, on a semi-civilian basis in close association with the Police force, and was originally known as the Local Defence Volunteers. It was organized in companies, grouped in zones, corresponding to Police districts. The aim of the Guard was to delay an enemy invasion force, providing the Government and the regular army with time to establish a professional defence and repel the enemy invasion.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
John Abernethy was born in Coleman Street, London, in 1764. He was educated at Wolverhampton Grammar school, and at the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to Charles Blicke, surgeon to St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. Abernethy remained at Bart's for the rest of his career, being appointed assistant surgeon in 1787, and promted to full surgeon in 1815. During the 1790s Abernethy published several papers on a variety of anatomical topics. On the strength of these contributions he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1796. Between 1814 and 1817 he served as Professor of Anatomy and Surgery at the Royal College of Surgeons. Abernethy also offered private lectures in anatomy in a house in Bartholomew Close, near to the hospital. The governors of Bart's then built a lecture theatre within the hospital to accommodate his classes. In 1824 Thomas Wakley, editor of the newly established journal The Lancet, published Abernethy's lectures without his permission. Abernethy sought an injunction but was unsuccessful, and remained resentful about the incident. Abernethy had himself attended the lectures of John Hunter, with whom he was also personally acquainted, and after Hunter's death he professed himself to be the spokesman for Hunter's physiological and pathological views. He died in 1831.
Sir Everard Home was born in Hull, Yorkshire, in 1756. He was educated at Westminster School, and became a surgical pupil of his brother-in-law John Hunter (1728-1793), surgeon at St George's Hospital, London. Home qualified through the Company of Surgeons in 1778 and was appointed assistant surgeon in the new naval hospital at Plymouth. In 1779 he went to Jamaica as staff surgeon with the army, but on returning to England in 1784 he rejoined Hunter at St George's as assistant. He was elected FRS in 1787, and in the same year he became assistant surgeon at St George's Hospital. In 1790-1791 Home read lectures for Hunter and in the following year he succeeded Hunter as lecturer in anatomy. Home joined the army in Flanders in 1793, but returned just before Hunter's sudden death in 1793. He then became surgeon at St George's Hospital and was also joint executor of Hunter's will with Matthew Baillie, Hunter's nephew. In 1793-1794 they saw Hunter's important work, On the Blood, Inflammation and Gun-Shot Wounds, through the press and in 1794 Home approached Pitt's government to secure the purchase for the nation of Hunter's large collection of anatomical and pathological specimens. After protracted negotiations the collection was purchased for £15,000 in 1799 and presented to the College of Surgeons. In 1806 the collection was moved from Hunter's gallery in Castle Street to form the Hunterian Museum at the new site of the college in Lincoln's Inn Fields. Home was chief curator and William Clift, who had worked with Hunter since 1792, was retained as resident conservator. Clift also had charge of Hunter's numerous folios, drawings, and accounts of anatomical and pathological investigations, which were essential for a clear understanding of the collection. In the years following Hunter's death Home built up a large surgical practice and published more than one hundred papers of varying quality, some very good, mainly in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. The society awarded him its Copley medal in 1807. He gave the Croonian lectures fifteen times between 1794 and 1826. As Hunter's brother-in-law and executor he had great influence at the Royal College of Surgeons where he was elected to the court of assistants in 1801, an examiner in 1809, master in 1813 and 1821, and its first president in 1822. Having, with Matthew Baillie, endowed the Hunterian oration, he was the first Hunterian orator in 1814, and again in 1822. He became Keeper and a trustee of the Hunterian Museum in 1817 and was Professor of Anatomy and Surgery at the College from 1804 to 1813, and again in 1821. His Lectures on Comparative Anatomy were published in 1814 with a volume of plates from drawings by Clift. A further volume of lectures followed in 1823 accompanied by microscopical and anatomical drawings by Bauer and Clift. Two more volumes appeared in 1828. This work, although lacking in structure, is an important record of Hunter's investigations, especially the last two volumes. Home drew heavily on Hunter's work in the papers and books which he published after Hunter's death. Before the collection was presented to the Company of Surgeons in 1799 Home arranged for Clift to convey to his own house Hunter's folio volumes and fasciculi of manuscripts containing descriptions of the preparations and investigations connected with them. He promised to catalogue the collection, refusing help, but, despite repeated requests, only a synopsis appeared in 1818. B C Brodie says that Home was busily using Hunter's papers in preparing his own contributions for the Royal Society. Home himself later stated that he had published all of value in Hunter's papers and that his one hundred articles in Philosophical Transactions formed a catalogue raisonée of the Hunterian Museum. Home destroyed most of Hunter's papers in 1823. After his death in 1832, a parliamentary committee was set up to enquire into the details of this act of vandalism. Clift told this committee in 1834 that Home had used Hunter's papers extensively and had claimed that Hunter, when he was dying, had ordered him to destroy his papers. Yet Home, who was not present at Hunter's death, had kept the papers for thirty years. Clift also declared that he had often transcribed parts of Hunter's original work and drawings into papers which appeared under Home's name. Home produced a few of Hunter's papers which he had not destroyed and Clift had copied about half of the descriptions of preparations in the collection, consequently enough of Hunter's work survives to suggest that Home had often published Hunter's observations as his own. Although the full extent of Home's plagiarism cannot be determined, there is little doubt that it was considerable and this seriously damaged his reputation.
Sir Everard Home was born in Hull, Yorkshire, in 1756. He was educated at Westminster School, and became a surgical pupil of his brother-in-law John Hunter (1728-1793), surgeon at St George's Hospital, London. Home qualified through the Company of Surgeons in 1778 and was appointed assistant surgeon in the new naval hospital at Plymouth. In 1779 he went to Jamaica as staff surgeon with the army, but on returning to England in 1784 he rejoined Hunter at St George's as assistant. He was elected FRS in 1787, and in the same year he became assistant surgeon at St George's Hospital. In 1790-1791 Home read lectures for Hunter and in the following year he succeeded Hunter as lecturer in anatomy. Home joined the army in Flanders in 1793, but returned just before Hunter's sudden death in 1793. He then became surgeon at St George's Hospital and was also joint executor of Hunter's will with Matthew Baillie, Hunter's nephew. In 1793-1794 they saw Hunter's important work, On the Blood, Inflammation and Gun-Shot Wounds, through the press and in 1794 Home approached Pitt's government to secure the purchase for the nation of Hunter's large collection of anatomical and pathological specimens. After protracted negotiations the collection was purchased for £15,000 in 1799 and presented to the College of Surgeons. In 1806 the collection was moved from Hunter's gallery in Castle Street to form the Hunterian Museum at the new site of the college in Lincoln's Inn Fields. Home was chief curator and William Clift, who had worked with Hunter since 1792, was retained as resident conservator. Clift also had charge of Hunter's numerous folios, drawings, and accounts of anatomical and pathological investigations, which were essential for a clear understanding of the collection. In the years following Hunter's death Home built up a large surgical practice and published more than one hundred papers of varying quality, some very good, mainly in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. The society awarded him its Copley medal in 1807. He gave the Croonian lectures fifteen times between 1794 and 1826. As Hunter's brother-in-law and executor he had great influence at the Royal College of Surgeons where he was elected to the court of assistants in 1801, an examiner in 1809, master in 1813 and 1821, and its first president in 1822. Having, with Matthew Baillie, endowed the Hunterian oration, he was the first Hunterian orator in 1814, and again in 1822. He became Keeper and a trustee of the Hunterian Museum in 1817 and was Professor of Anatomy and Surgery at the college from 1804 to 1813, and again in 1821. His Lectures on Comparative Anatomy were published in 1814 with a volume of plates from drawings by Clift. A further volume of lectures followed in 1823 accompanied by microscopical and anatomical drawings by Bauer and Clift. Two more volumes appeared in 1828. This work, although lacking in structure, is an important record of Hunter's investigations, especially the last two volumes. Home drew heavily on Hunter's work in the papers and books which he published after Hunter's death. Before the collection was presented to the Company of Surgeons in 1799 Home arranged for Clift to convey to his own house Hunter's folio volumes and fasciculi of manuscripts containing descriptions of the preparations and investigations connected with them. He promised to catalogue the collection, refusing help, but, despite repeated requests, only a synopsis appeared in 1818. B C Brodie says that Home was busily using Hunter's papers in preparing his own contributions for the Royal Society. Home himself later stated that he had published all of value in Hunter's papers and that his one hundred articles in Philosophical Transactions formed a catalogue raisonée of the Hunterian Museum. Home destroyed most of Hunter's papers in 1823. After his death in 1832, a parliamentary committee was set up to enquire into the details of this act of vandalism. Clift told this committee in 1834 that Home had used Hunter's papers extensively and had claimed that Hunter, when he was dying, had ordered him to destroy his papers. Yet Home, who was not present at Hunter's death, had kept the papers for thirty years. Clift also declared that he had often transcribed parts of Hunter's original work and drawings into papers which appeared under Home's name. Home produced a few of Hunter's papers which he had not destroyed and Clift had copied about half of the descriptions of preparations in the collection, consequently enough of Hunter's work survives to suggest that Home had often published Hunter's observations as his own. Although the full extent of Home's plagiarism cannot be determined, there is little doubt that it was considerable and this seriously damaged his reputation.
Everard Home was born at Hull on 6 May 1756 the son of Robert Boyne Home, army surgeon, afterwards of Greenlaw Castle, Berwickshire, and his wife Mary (nee Hutchinson). He was educated at Westminster School; Trinity College, Cambridge; St. George's Hospital; and Surgeons' Hall.
At St Georges Hospital, Home was a pupil of his brother-in-law, John Hunter. He assisted Hunter in many of his anatomical investigations, and in the autumn of 1776 he partly described Hunter's collection. Having qualified at Surgeons' Hall in 1778, he was appointed assistant surgeon at the naval hospital, Plymouth. Later he went to Jamaica as staff surgeon, returning in August 1784. He resumed his assistancy with Hunter, was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1785, and in 1788 received the gold medal of the Lyceum Medicum Londinense for a dissertation on the `Properties of Pus.' In 1786 he took charge of Hunter's patients while Hunter was ill, and lived in Hunter's house from this time till 1792, when he married. In 1787 Home was appointed assistant surgeon under Hunter at St. George's Hospital. In 1790-1791 he lectured for Hunter, and in 1792 succeeded him as lecturer on anatomy. He was elected surgeon to St. George's Hospital after Hunter's death in 1793. Home had a large surgical practice, and became keeper and afterwards one of the trustees of the Hunterian collection (1817). He was member of the court of assistants of the College of Surgeons in 1801, member of the court of examiners in 1809, master in 1813, and president in 1821. From 1804 to 1813, and again in 1821, he was professor of anatomy and surgery at the college, but did not lecture till 1810, giving another course in 1813; in 1814 and in 1822 he was Hunterian orator. In 1808 he was appointed sergeant-surgeon to King George III and in 1813 he was created a baronet. In 1821 he was appointed surgeon to Chelsea Hospital, where he died at his official residence on 31 Aug 1832, aged 76. He had resigned the surgeoncy to St George's Hospital in 1827, and was made consulting surgeon.
Home married in 1792 Jane Thompson (nee Tunstall) widow of Stephen Thompson, by whom he had six children.
Publications: Over one hundred papers in the Philosophical Transactions; A Dissertation on the Properties of Pus, London, 1788; A short Account of the Life of John Hunter, prefixed to Hunter's Treatise on the Blood, Inflammations, and Gunshot Wounds, London, 1794; Practical Observations on the Treatment of Strictures in the Urethra and in the fsophagus, London, 1795; Practical Observations on the Treatment of Ulcers on the Legs, considered as a branch of Military Surgery, London, 1797; Observations on Cancer, connected with Histories of the Disease, London, 1805; J. Hunter's Treatise on the Venereal Disease, edited by Sir E. Home, London, 1810; Practical Observations on the Treatment of the Diseases of the Prostate Gland, vol. i. 1811, vol. ii. 1818, London; Lectures on Comparative Anatomy, in which are explained the Preparations in the Hunterian Museum, London, 1814-1828, 6 volumes; On the Formation of Tumours, and the peculiarities in the Structure of those that have become Cancerous, with their Mode of Treatment, London, 1830.
Ruth Homan was the daughter of Sir Sydney Waterlow, (1822-1906), first baronet, Lord Mayor of London and philanthropist. She took classes at the South Kensington School of Cookery and underwent basic nursing training at St. Bartholomew 's Hospital, London. In 1873 she married Francis Wilkes Homan but was widowed in 1880. Mrs Homan was elected to serve on the London School Board in 1891. She served as Chairman of the Tower Hamlets Divisional Committee and also as Chairman of the Domestic Subjects Sub-committee. By 1902 she was also Vice-chairman of the Industrial Schools Committee. In these capacities, Mrs Homan endeavoured to promote the teaching of cookery, laundry work and homecraft. She was also active in related organisations such as the Poplar Board School Children's Boot and Clothing Help Society, of which she was treasurer, and the London Schools Dinners Association.
Holyrood Rubber Limited was registered in 1912 to acquire the Titi Ijok rubber estate in Selama, Perak, Malaya. Harrisons and Crosfield Limited replaced Bright and Galbraith as secretaries of the company in 1952. Harrisons and Crosfield (Malaya) Limited (CLC/B/112-071) acted as local agents from 1953.
In 1982 Holyrood Rubber Limited became a PLC (public limited company). In 1984 it was acquired by Harrisons Malaysian Plantations Berhad (CLC/B/112-080) and it became resident in Malaysia.
Holyoake, George Jacob (1817-1906), freethinker and co-operator, was born in Birmingham in April 1817, the second of thirteen children and eldest son of George Holyoake (1790–1853), a printer, and Catherine Groves (1792–1867), a horn-button maker. He received a basic education at a dame-school and Carr's Lane Sunday school. For thirteen years until 1839 he worked at the Eagle Foundry, becoming a skilled whitesmith, and in 1836 joined the Mechanics' Institute, where he developed an interest in arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and phrenology. On his marriage on 10 March 1839 to Eleanor (Helen) Williams (1819–1884), daughter of Thomas Williams, a small farmer from Kingswinford, he looked for a teaching post. Despite his experience as an assistant at the Birmingham Mechanics' Institute, he found promotion there and elsewhere blocked by his association with Robert Owen, to whom he had been attracted in 1836. He therefore sought employment from the Owenite Central Board, which appointed him stationed lecturer at Worcester in October 1840, moving him on to Sheffield the following May. The couple's first child, Madeline, was born in May 1840, and a second daughter, Helen (Eveline), followed in December 1841.
In November 1841, Charles Southwell, the Bristol social missionary, started a weekly atheistic publication, the Oracle of Reason. A month later he was arrested for blasphemy and Holyoake volunteered to edit the paper. On his way to visit Southwell in Bristol gaol in May 1842 he stopped in Cheltenham to lecture on Owenite socialism. A flippant reply to a question about the place of religion in the proposed socialist communities led to his prosecution for blasphemy at the assizes in August 1842, where he was sentenced to six months in Gloucester gaol. The death of Madeline in October 1842 put an emotional seal on his intellectual conversion to atheism.
On release Holyoake taught and lectured among the Owenites in London until May 1845, when he went to Glasgow for a year. Two sons were added to the family at this time, Manfred (1844) and Maltus (1846). As Owenism collapsed with the failure of the Queenwood community, remnants of the movement looked to Holyoake's obvious organizational talents to provide a new lead. He had already edited The Movement (1843–1845) and the Circular of the Anti-Persecution Union (1845) but his greatest achievement was The Reasoner, which ran weekly from June 1846 until June 1861 and intermittently thereafter. Around this paper he developed the social teachings of Owen into a new movement which in 1851 he called secularism.
Holyoake's public image at this time was far more extreme than the reality. In London he was moving among those advanced liberals who wrote for and supported Thornton Hunt's Leader and were associated with the free-thinking South Place Chapel. His acquaintances now included John Stuart Mill, George Henry Lewes, Francis Newman, and Harriet Martineau, while some former colleagues accused him of prevarication in religious and political matters. Although still an atheist, he wished secularism neither to deny nor assert the existence of God. Those who believed religion a barrier to progress thought this a betrayal of principle. For Holyoake the sole principle was individual freedom of thought and expression without interference from state, church, or society.
In 1849 Holyoake, with his brother Austin Holyoake, established a printing firm which in 1853 took over James Watson's publishing business, conducted by the brothers at 147 Fleet Street until 1862. Here in 1855, as members of the Association for the Repeal of the Taxes on Knowledge, they helped secure—through defiance of the law—the repeal of the Newspaper Stamp Act. The Reasoner collected funds to support European republicanism, and in 1860 Holyoake was secretary of the committee formed to send volunteers to assist Garibaldi in Italy. In politics he was a member of nearly every leading society for reform from the revived Birmingham Political Union in 1837 to the Reform League in 1867, including the last executive of the National Charter Association in 1852. Through his correspondence and personal acquaintance with Liberal MPs he began to build those bridges which created the popular Liberal alliance of the 1860s. Above all, collaborating with former Owenites and Christian socialists, he worked to establish the co-operative movement. His most effective propaganda, Self Help by the People (1858), told the story of co-operation in Rochdale since 1844 and largely created the myth of the Rochdale Pioneers.
In 1861, after twenty years of writing and provincial lecture tours, Holyoake was physically and emotionally exhausted. Many secularists were turning to the more vigorous leadership of Charles Bradlaugh. He had family responsibilities and social and intellectual aspirations beyond his limited means. His wife, who retained her religious beliefs and took little part in his public life, was bronchitic and in the mid-1860s moved out to Harrow, while her husband retained lodgings in London. They had three further children: Maximilian Robespierre (1848–1855), Francis George (b. 1855), and Emilie (b. 1861), of whom only the last was later to join him in his public work.
Increasingly Holyoake's life was spent in journalism, writing and lecturing for Liberalism and the co-operative movement. He offered himself for parliament in 1857 (Tower Hamlets), 1868 (Birmingham), and 1884 (Leicester), but each time withdrew before the poll. He was acquainted with most of the leading Liberals of the day, and in 1893 was made an honorary member of the National Liberal Club. As a consistent supporter of co-operation he was elected to the first central board in 1869, published a two-volume History of Co-Operation (1875, 1879), and presided over the Co-operative Congress at Carlisle in 1887. He was a staunch advocate of co-partnership in industrial production and of the international co-operative movement, attending the inaugural congresses of the French and Italian movements in Paris (1885) and Milan (1886) respectively. He also visited North America in 1879 and 1882 to collect information for a settlers' guide book.
Though no longer fully active in the secularist movement Holyoake continued to champion moderation against what he interpreted as Bradlaugh's dogmatic atheism, debating the subject with Bradlaugh in 1870 and reiterating his position in The Origin and Nature of Secularism (1896). When Bradlaugh republished the Fruits of Philosophy in 1877 Holyoake supported Charles Watts and the British Secular Union, and in 1899 became first chairman of Charles Albert Watts's Rationalist Press Association.
Holyoake died on 22 January 1906 in Brighton, Sussex.
George Jacob Holyoake was born in Birmingham on 13 April 1817. For thirteen years until 1839 he worked at the Eagle Foundry, and in 1836 joined the Mechanics' Institute, where he developed an interest in arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and phrenology. Holyoake became a leader in the free-thought movement and a social reformer. He was imprisoned for 6 months in 1841 for blasphemy. He coined the term secularism in 1846. He spent the latter part of his life working for the co-operative movement. He died in 1906.
Holy Trinity, Aldgate, was a priory constructed by the Canons of Augustine in the 12th century. The Prior was an ex-officio Alderman of Portsoken Ward in the Corporation of London. The church of Saint Katharine Cree was built in the grounds of the Priory for the use of the parish. The Priory was the first in London to be dissolved, closed by 1532 and given to the King. There were few protests at the closure as the Prior was unpopular and heavily in debt. The land was given to Lord Audley who offered the church of St Katharine Cree to the parish. They refused the gift and the church was pulled down.
Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.
The Anglican chaplaincy in Florence appears to have been established in 1827, although it was not until 1846 that Holy Trinity Church was consecrated.